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英语法律论文题目

发布时间:2024-07-03 04:51:29

英语法律论文题目

你准备写跨文化交际还是翻译,还是文学,还是其他的?

提供一些英语专业的毕业论文题目,供参考。

学术堂整理了十五个好写的英语专业毕业论文题目供大家进行参考:1. 英语中的性别歧视(Sex Discrimination in English Language )2. 电影《乱世佳人》长期受到青睐的原因(Gone with the Wind – Why This Movie Has the Lasting Popularity)3. 广告英语特点分析(An Analysis of Language Features in English Advertisement)4. 美国青少年教育问题浅析(An Attempting Study of the Problems of American Adolescents)5. 简爱自我价值的实现(The Realization of Jane Eyre’s Self-Worth )6. 自由贸易与保护主义(Free Trade Versus Protectionism)7. 如何在课堂上调动学生的积极性(How to Promote Motivation in the Classroom)8. 在英语教学中运用“交际法”提高学生的交际能力(Using CLT in English Teaching to Improve Students’ Communicative Competence)9. 文化差异对跨文化交际的影响(The Influence of Cultural Difference Upon Cross-cultural Communication)10. 论基督教对中世纪早期西欧文化的影响(On Christianity’s Influence Upon European Culture in the Early-stage Middle Ages )11. 《哈克贝利费恩历险记》是一部种族主义小说吗?(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn-a Racist Novel?)12. 第二语言学习中的文化学习(Culture Learning in Second Language Learning)13. 试论哈姆雷特的两个主题(On the Two Themes of Hamlet)14. 谚语中的文化差异(Cultural Differences in Proverbs)15. 浅谈电视暴力和儿童的关系(TV Violence and Children)

一个好的英语专业论文题目既是指定一个研究的方向,也是一个新的学习领域。你会像一叶小舟,尽情游弋在知识的海洋中。下面我给大家带来2022英语专业各方向论文题目参考,希望能帮助到大家!

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★ 英语专业毕业论文题目 ★

★ 英语教学法论文题目 ★

★ 毕业论文答辩发言稿 ★

★ 大学毕业论文评语 ★

中学英语论文题目参考

1、中学英语课堂互动教学的策略研究

2、论中学英语课堂有效教学目标的设置

3、浅谈中学英语词汇教学

4、中学英语教学中“跨 文化 意识”的缺失及对策

5、浅谈中学英语课堂中的母语文化教学

6、农村初中英语教师专业能力调查研究--以福建漳州某农村中学为例

7、论中学英语教学中学生的口语表达能力

8、中学英语课堂有效提问的基本原则

9、中学英语教学中运用现代信息技术的原则探析

10、角色换位法在中学英语课堂教学中的实施

11、能力导向的中学英语课堂教学模式及策略探究

12、中学英语教学与交互式电子白板整合应用研究

13、农村初中学困生英语厌学心理初探

14、浅谈中学英语 教育 学科目标

15、浅析中学英语教学中语言学习策略的训练

16、中学英语教学跨文化意识培养分析

17、中学英语教师必备素质研究

18、口语能力提升与中学英语教学

19、优化中学 英语阅读 教学的实践研究

20、从传播学角度看中学英语教育对实用 英语学习 的影响

21、中学 英语口语 教学 方法 探索

22、浅谈如何提高中学英语阅读水平

23、浅议如何提高农村中学“学困生”英语学习兴趣

24、浅谈中学英语语法填空的解题技巧

25、论高效中学英语教学模式的构建

26、中学英语校本课程的开发与探索

27、中学 英语写作 教学的动态评估体系建构

28、中学英语课堂教学中要体现人文关怀

29、基于语料库的中学英语学习者写作句法复杂性变化研究

30、中学英语课堂中发散性思维的培养与应用

31、文化生态视域下英语教师学历与能力应和谐统一--基于海南民族地区中学英语师资结构的调查 报告

32、探究中学英语有效阅读的教法

33、关于中学英语阅读教学维度的思考

34、农村中学英语课堂评价策略

35、中学英语教学中文化因素的作用

36、朝鲜族中学英语教学情境创设探究

37、生态教学环境下农村中学英语教师专业化发展的思考

38、浅谈中学英语中常见的修辞方法

39、河南省中学英语教师职前阶段专业知识的建构

40、提高中学 英语单词 教学有效性的策略探析

41、小说素材在中学英语教学中的有效教学途径探究

42、基于交互模式的中学英语语法教学研究

43、谈中学英语教学中的“生态课堂”

44、浅谈多媒体应用在中学英语教学中的优越性

45、基于概念整合理论的中学英语中介语整合模式研究

46、中学英语教学中教具的恰当选择

47、浅谈中学英语翻译的技巧

48、走出中学英语教学中多媒体运用的误区

49、中学英语兴趣教学的新途径分析

50、试论中学英语课堂教学评价的有效构建

前沿学术英语论文题目参考

1、浅议系统功能语言学理论指导下的英语专业学术论文摘要的翻译

2、“教学学术”视角下开放大学英语教师专业发展的思考

3、课程生态需求分析模式下的“学术英语”课程定位

4、CBI理论视域下学术英语读写教学研究

5、基于微课的通用学术英语写作课翻转课堂教学模式设计与实践

6、基于课堂读写任务的学术英语写作引用特征研究

7、基于语类的英语学术论文写作教学路径研究--以“文献综述”写作教学为例

8、基于需求分析学术英语教学模式

9、学术英语阅读能力的界定与培养

10、学术英语的词块教学法研究

11、英语专业本科 毕业 论文学术失范现象的成因与对策

12、浅析批判性思维下大学学术英语课程模块的构建

13、关于中文学术期刊使用英语的规范性问题

14、医学学术英语口语课程构建的探索

15、学术英语写作中词汇衔接探究

16、学习者学术英语写作中的引用行为研究

17、浅探理工院校学术英语改革实践

18、学术论文写作中的英语负迁移现象研究

19、学术英语写作教学体系的构建与实践

20、学术英语口头报告对批判性思维的影响探究

21、“学术读写素养”范式与学术英语写作课程设计

22、中国高校学术英语存在理论依据探索

23、学术英语教育对大学生就业的影响研究

24、学术道德教育和学术英语能力一体化培养

25、非英语专业研究生学术英语交际能力现状与对策研究--以延安大学为例

26、关于研究生学术英语教学定位研究

27、理工科学术英语视野下的批判性思维能力培植

28、面向学术英语的实验平台建构与探索

29、学术英语有效教学

30、学术英语写作课程环境下的写前计划效应探究

31、元话语视角下英语学术论文中的转述动词与语类结构研究

32、基于自建语料库的学术英语中语块结构的研究

33、以学术英语为新定位的大学英语教学转型问题的对策研究

34、跨文化背景下的中西方英语学术论文写作差异

35、学术英语背景下的大学英语听说教学

36、农学 专业英语 学术词汇概念的区别及释义

37、专门用途英语学术词表创建研究--以航海英语为例

38、基于语料库的学术英语写作教学研究

39、英语专业本科生学术诚信教育的实现路径

40、谈从通用英语向学术英语转型的必要性

41、面向学术英语教改的大学英语教师专业发展方向与路径研究

42、以学术英语为新定位的大学英语教学转型--问题和对策研究

43、学术英语写作的语言风格探究

44、学术英语写作的专属性

45、大学英语转型背景下“学术英语”课程模块的构建

46、从中外合作大学学术英语教学看大学英语教学改革--以西交利物浦大学为例

47、理工科研究生英语学术写作困难研究

48、医学本科生英语学习中学术阅读的质性调查研究

49、学术论文中英语本族语者与非本族语者的元话语比较分析

50、整合研究生英语能力和学术能力的项目式教学模式

金融英语 论文题目

1、金融英语课程教学改革探析

2、金融英语词汇的语义变迁探析

3、浅析微课在金融英语口语教学中的应用

4、金融英语的语言特点及翻译策略

5、高职院校金融英语教学现状分析及对策研究

6、刍议应用型本科院校金融英语教学改革研究

7、转型期高职英语应用型人才培养模式研究--以辽宁金融职业学院为例

8、金融英语与金融全球化竞争

9、高职专科类金融专业英语教学研究

10、概念整合理论视角下的金融英语词汇学习-以金融术语为例

11、基于语料库的英语经济语篇中隐喻的研究--以金融危机报道为例

12、高职高专金融英语教学现状及对策探究

13、 商务英语 专业学生的词块学习与教学策略研究--以辽宁金融职业学院为例

14、基于福建绿色经济的发展研发金融英语校本课程探究

15、金融英语词汇的特点及其翻译

16、金融转型背景下从业人员岗位英语能力强化路径探索

17、金融英语的词性转换研究

18、浅析以多模态理论为基础的金融英语教学

19、金融英语教学策略创新与金融双语教学共生性研究

20、翻译生态环境视角下金融英语新闻的汉译研究

21、高职院校中外合作办学项目英语教学探究--以长春金融高等专科学校为例

22、高职 英语文化 教育提升学生人文素质的策略探究--以辽宁金融职业学院为例

23、金融英语术语汉英翻译研究

24、专业人才培养视阈下的金融英语教学探究

25、国际化就业环境下的金融英语应用模式研究

26、对等理论观照下金融英语隐喻翻译的喻体形象取舍策略

27、基于ESP理论的金融英语教学改革初探

28、浅谈金融英语翻译基本特点

29、基于平行双语语料库金融英语翻译课程教学模式探索

30、多媒体网络环境下金融英语教学模式探析

31、语境在金融英语词汇教学中的应用探析

32、形成性评价在大学英语拓展课程中的应用初探--以金融英语视听说为例

33、金融学专业金融英语教学实践的探索

34、金融英语词汇特征浅析

35、金融英语汉译技巧探究

36、独立学院大学英语教学模式与策略探究--以某大学商学院为例

37、 财经 英语新闻语料库的建设构想与教学应用

38、大数据时代商务英语人才培养模式分析

39、互联网金融环境下高职金融专业课程体系构建

40、目的论视角下的金融术语翻译研究

41、商务英语专业学生学习动机及学习策略相关性研究

42、独立学院商务英语专业“双师型”师资队伍建设研究

43、释意理论下提高商务英语口译质量的应对策略研究

44、基于学生需求分析的商务英语课程设置研究

45、金融专业英语听说课程3S行动导向教学探索

46、基于自贸区需求的国际贸易双语人才培养模式探讨

47、提升商务英语实践教学质量研究

48、商务英语的语言特征及其翻译技巧

49、学业用途英语中MOOC的效能研究

50、大数据时代金融人才培养方式探析

51、基于需求分析的商务英语CBI课程实证研究

52、全球化背景下财经类院校学生英语学习环境研究--以上海金融学院为例

53、国家战略视域下的法律英语人才培养

54、培养高校综合型金融人才

55、基于航海院校商务英语人才培养的思考

56、金融学专业双语教学探析

57、金融翻译的英汉对比研究

58、试论如何把握商务英语的语言特点及翻译技巧

59、从财经新闻英译汉看财经英语长句的翻译策略

60、改写理论视角下英语硬新闻编译研究

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有关法律英语的论文题目

A paper on the realitionship between civil mediation and trial Abstact:(摘要) Court mediation and trial are the two ways to settle civil two ways ,having different demands on entity,exist as independent systerm. The mediation proceeding and trial proceeding are combined to present,our country is on the critical period of building harmonious socialist society,which put great challenge on the relationship between court mediation and court trial .This paper ,basing on the similarities and differences between the two metioned above, analyze the relations between civil procedure mediation and trial.一些专业术语也不知道翻译的对不对,希望对你有所帮助

The theory of criminal law of shallow understanding errors1. irrtumslehreLegal irrtumslehre, namely, refers to the illegality mistake for own behavior in law, whether what crime constitutes a crime shall be punished by, or what is wrong, is to oneself the legal nature of the action of meaning or misunderstandings. Legal irrtumslehre usually includes three conditions: (1) the actor's behavior in law does not constitute a crime, the offender and constitutes a crime for which imaginary guilty, (2) the behavior in law constitutes a crime and does not constitute a crime, the offender mistaken assumptions that innocent, (3) for his act constitutes a crime shall be convicted and punishment in light of the existing errors, misunderstanding or punishment. Due to the legal irrtumslehre, only to the behavior of the offender is not correct understanding of the legal assessment, and for their actions in fact correct understanding of the situation is still there, so its act constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility is and how it is not usually occurs.(1)Imaginary innocent treatment principleThe principles for imaginary innocence, whether it involves a deliberately elements. Foreign criminal law theory basically has the following kinds:1)Should know that don't speak, just for criminal facts have understanding. Canada criminal code article 19 regulation: "the ignorance of the law excuses and crime can be ShuZui reason." Motto: "Roman law and legal disclaimer" somehow also expressed a principle, namely: "in the crime as subjective FanYi established condition, not request to recognize his behavior of richtswitrig".2)Should know the reason, according to two: moral responsibility theory, personality responsibility theory. Moral responsibility theory emphasizes on the rationality of free will blame illegal conduct, is considered to be objective stance. 3)That said, the possible illegality of responsibility for deliberately, at least to the possibility of understanding illegality. While in China mainland, the introduction of the concept of crime has another concept -- social consciousness that harm to discuss richtswitrig already meaningless. Because the deliberate crime according to law condemn the illegality of the offender is not known, the law itself is not damaged, the law of the social consciousness is harm. Social harm consciousness is the essential contents of the crime, illegal consciousness is the legal form of social consciousness. Therefore, our country law more emphasis is on the rationality of essence, which is harmful to the society values. Just because of its social harmfulness, with a social moral evaluation colour, easier for people to grasp and observe. Therefore, the author thinks that, in general, the person need to recognize his behavior may be the result of inevitable or harmful to the society, and has already know. With intentionally But in fact, the forbidden by law and mass that is harmful to the society in our country nowadays the behavior under the constitution should be consistent, in other words, know the social harmfulness also know the possibility of illegal, but know the possibility of illegal is inevitable should also realize social harmfulness, both are unified. Therefore, it is generally thought that the law is no excuse, the reason of law does not exclude the misunderstanding in principle, but can be culpable for deliberately discretion. (2) Misunderstandings treatment principle. PunishmentWe might as well so the essence of blame for his due: the crime in the subjective should blame or blame, for the intent or negligence performance. If the offender because of misunderstanding that legal person feels very innocent, lack of this should blame or condemning sexual, from the fundamental measure, blame is absolutely not consider disclaimer. Especially in the modern society, the legal category SAN marino, legal entry in different fields and different levels of books, recognized, comprehend legal apparently endless and same, so the person of law and misunderstandings, not inexcusable. Now, both in theory and practice, the method not cling to forgive "seems to have in shake. Therefore, to a certain extent, can also think admits exceptions excusable is legal misunderstanding of criminal law is an important symbol of humanity. In addition, it was not in the act of which is prohibited by the laws and regulations, especially after a circumstance, should have knowledge of richtswitrig actor, constitute the understanding of deliberate point of view, with the attitude of this understanding, of course, that is not the illegality or by the simple statement actor. The author thinks that the only when the legal establishment of may, FangKeZu but . The fact mistakeThat mistake, is to determine its subjective behavior nature and the criminal responsibility of the relevant facts wrong understanding. From the wrong reasons and phenomenon of angles, generally known that there are several mistakes:(1) Object irrtumslehreThe object is known for errors, whether there is objectively error object. It includes actor in the implementation of the existing criminal behavior of the hazards for the object and actually does not exist, or for criminal object and actually does not exist, or infringe a criminal object and actually invaded another crime object. The object of objects is usually known errors caused by mistake, but the object of different social relationship reflects different. Evil doer of objects and actual expected in fact not only harm object does not agree, and in the nature of law is not consistent. Therefore, the object irrtumslehre may affect the form of sin, crime accomplishment, and may even attempted to influence the crime. For example, in view of the circumstances, not a thought before the enemy, and a party came to stick, afterwards just know the ox was wounded. A thought of damage is "people", and the actual wounded is "cow", do not belong to the same laws of the object. Similar situation and will generally be mistaken for drug trafficking items, Actor will stolen items in the theft of guns in stealing together. This object from the subjective errors, see, is a kind of mistake, From the objective, because the mistake crime to no avail, where the criminal attempted )Object mistakeObjects can be generalized mistake, including object mistake to belong to the object know mistake is inevitable object irrtumslehre. These include, is known to be wrong object of legal property of the same object mistake and legal properties of different objects, namely the object irrtumslehre irrtumslehre. In order to distinguish with the object mistake here, the cognition to the same object only mean error between the different objects, namely the misunderstanding of the evil doer expected objects and actual harm to the object, but not in fact in the legal nature of the same situation. This object mistake again say things on purpose mistake not criminal responsibility. As a reserve, killing b shall be killed as b and c, do not affect a rap. This is the need to consider that a kill b behavior "mistake" cause others (c), belong to an intentional crime (b) "death", for the excess result, according to the results, which determine the ordinary mail of death was deliberately recognized for deliberately, to the death of the fault is propylene, identified as negligence, according to the intention or negligence of the general mark recognized FanYi or state of mind, not applicable rules of the ) Behavior irrtumslehreBehavior mainly includes two kind of mistake: first, the behavior nature irrtumslehre. That actor has to its social harm nature, such as understanding not imaginary defense. Behavior nature mistake might affect the form of sin, and may also affect crime. Second, the behavior tools (methods) irrtumslehre. That person to use when the conduct of tool (methods), which affects not correct understanding of harm results, behavior tools (methods) mistake can affect crime or attempted was founded, also can affect crime or belongs to the incident, a typical for murder on hazardous substances, because the drug failure and failed to kill people, can think method or tools for error doer of consciousness beyond reason not to succeed. And as actor see armour, second coming together, hence shot to play, but can't hit by the party and. Look, this is from the phenomenon of an object, or the final results for the mistake, but this error is based on the fact that the wrong doer identify offender is carefully identify to begin, can think recognize is accurate, errors in ChaWu itself. The solution to this situation, "said", its legal with qualitative and recognize wrong object is consistent, namely directly recognized as an intentional homicide accomplishment. The death of a person is directly intentionally to b, death is the indirect intentional, just for a to b is attempted, accomplished. Additionally, if in daily life because misidentification object and damage of consequences, the crime itself is not just any criminal negligence because of )Causality irrtumslehreCausality mistake, is on his behavior and harmful results of actual connection between errors. Generally include: first, not some harm result, as has happened actor. This generally constitute a crime. Second, has certain harm result, but not for actor or for his behavior is caused, and does not affect crime accomplishment. Third, really happened, the offender is aware of its behavior, but with the actual development between the harm to the process or a mistake, general to punish crime accomplishment. In theory, the offender is not only a crime, but continuous movement, this several continuous action is not a few crime, but a crime. In this sense, doesn't exist on the results of the irrtumslehre and facts mistake and proceduresDomestic scholars in fact know mistakes and errors between the issue legal representative views mainly include:(1)For own behavior whether in law constitutes a crime, criminal or what kind of criminal punishment shall be under the incorrect understanding is legal irrtumslehre for his behavior on the implementation of the incorrect understanding is the fact that mistake,(2)The objectivity of crime is a false understanding of crime, that mistake of objective facts have clear understanding, only to act in the evaluation of existing laws on the concept of law is not correct mistakes。(3)Actor known facts and actual fact don't agree is wrong, the person that judgment and objective law is law of illegal inconsistency ideas basically could in theory and legal irrtumslehre fact distinguish mistakes, it is important to emphasize that:1) With the conviction that the so-called irrelevant, as this mistake to hit each other, the shooting head caused the death of heart, without vision of research into our. 2) Study of the theory of error, error occurs when the purpose, but whether to intentionally resistance, reduce plots affected only the wrong cognition, natural sentencing nor will it into the error theory category. 3) This does not constitute a crime and actor for crime, and for their behavior in the criminal law on the crimes and how to apply for criminal punishment on such specific knowledge error, conviction according to law. Based on this, the author thinks that, at the fact that criminal law is only to know wrong doer of elements to know the so-called objective facts constituents of mistake is the fact that the legal irrtumslehre error refers to the legal action is illegal and the evaluation of the mistake. From the theory of facts and legal irrtumslehre error, but the problem is in the law, criminal elements to the facts and law closely combined circumstances (like some administrative crimes and economic crimes), or is in a fact itself contains certain laws of evaluation content, to distinguish with a mistake is the fact that mistake or legal wrong, is often difficult. If the property of his humanity and obscenity obscenity, administrative rules and regulations, JinYuOu, disrupt public until its precondition of the legitimacy of the public, and legal irrtumslehre facts wrong intertwined, and this is what we distinguish facts and legal irrtumslehre errors will solve the some cases, the defendant should know that because of the lack of knowledge, and not to the behavior of social harmfulness, so that the defendant is not "knowledge they will entail harmful consequences to society, and hope or allows such results" and deliberate crime, the burden of proof is only FanYi prosecution, in addition, prosecution without proof the defendant not normal, but normal mental and spiritual normal presumption defendant directly if the defendant that his spirit is not normal, it shall provide necessary evidence by himself to prove. Thus, the author, on legal irrtumslehre processing, can adopt the presumption of ways to handle. Which country presumption every normal citizens are known, unless the law can put forward defense "advantage prove" above, or the evidence rebut these presumption is established. From the efficiency of lawsuit, said the country is impossible to prove the defendant is known of the law.

O. J. Simpson murder case辛普森杀妻案The O. J. Simpson murder case has been described as the most publicized criminal trial in history,[1] in which O. J. Simpson, former American football star and actor, was brought to trial for the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. Simpson was acquitted in 1995 after a lengthy trial, the longest jury trial in California history.[2]Simpson hired a high-profile defense team led by Johnnie Cochran and F. Lee Bailey. Los Angeles County believed it had a solid prosecution case, but Cochran created in the minds of the jury the belief that there was reasonable doubt about the DNA evidence (then a relatively new type of evidence in trials),[3] including that the blood-sample evidence had allegedly been mishandled by lab scientists and technicians.[4] Cochran and the defense team also alleged other misconduct by the Los Angeles Police Department. The televising of the lengthy trial riveted national attention on the dramatic case. By the end of the criminal trial, national surveys showed dramatic differences between most blacks and most whites in terms of their assessment of Simpson's guilt.[5]Later, both the Brown and Goldman families sued Simpson for damages in a civil trial, which has a lower standard of proof for determining responsibility.[citation needed] On February 5, 1997, the jury unanimously found there was a preponderance of evidence to find Simpson liable for damages in the wrongful death of Goldman and battery of Brown. In its conclusions, the jury effectively found Simpson liable for the death of his ex-wife and Ron Goldman.[6] On February 21, 2008, a Los Angeles court upheld a renewal of the civil judgment against him.这个案子很经典,上面的一段是wiki上的英文案例,你可以找一些关于这个的中文资料,然后选择一个角度(比如种族歧视与陪审团制度的矛盾、毒树之果原则、媒体和舆论与司法公正的矛盾等等),或者一篇参考的中文文章(很多中国的法律人也会研究这个案子,发表一些观点),自己写或者翻译一篇英文论文出来就是了。下面引用一段英文资料,有个人在提问,为什么法院在刑事诉讼中判决辛普森无罪,但是在民事诉讼中又判决他赔偿自己妻子死亡赔偿金。 Jeralyn Merritt对这个问题进行了简略的回答。我想你大一的论文,字数要求不会太多,所以参考一下他这段答复吧。如果字数不够就把上面wiki的资料加一些进去,简单的交待一下案情。Q. I am a high school government student, and I have a question that has been bothering me that my teacher refuses to answer. In the . Simpson case I know that the state jury did not find him guilty on the charge of murder, but the federal court did on the charge of wrongful death. What is the difference and why were they able to do that? -- Geni A. . Simpson was charged with first degree murder in the state court in California. The jury found him "Not Guilty." A "not guilty" verdict means the state failed to prove the charges "beyond a reasonable doubt", which is the standard of proof in all criminal prosecutions. Criminal cases are brought on behalf of the citizens of a particular state or federal district, not by the victims or their . Simpson was found not guilty in the criminal case, the families of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman sued him in the state (not federal) court in California for wrongfully causing their deaths. Civil lawsuits for wrongful death are tried for money damages, not to put the defendant in prison. Civil cases are brought in the name of individuals, not in the name of the evidence was introduced in the . Simpson civil and criminal trials. For example, although . Simpson denied it, evidence was presented in the civil trial that . Simpson owned a pair of Bruno Magli shoes that matched shoeprints left at the murder . Simpson exercised his constitutional right against self-incrimination and chose not to testify in the criminal trial. All defendants in criminal cases have this right. In the civil trial, . no longer had such a right because he had been found not guilty of murder and could not be tried again for it. He had to testify when the opposing side called him as a witness. Thus, the jury in the civil case got to hear 's testimony while the criminal jury did the criminal case, the jury got to see that the glove left at the scene of the crime did not fit . Simpson. This experiment was not repeated for the civil jury. The jury in the criminal trial got a far stronger portrayal of the problems with the DNA and other scientific evidence in the case, and the poor management of the crime scene, than did the civil jury. And the criminal jury got to hear the false testimony of Los Angeles police officer Mark Furman, who later admitted lying and pleaded guilty to , the burden of proof in criminal and civil cases is different. In criminal cases, the standard is "proof beyond a reasonable doubt." There is also a presumption of innocence that stays with the defendant until and unless the jury returns a guilty verdict. In civil cases, the standard of proof is "by a preponderance of the evidence," which essentially means "more likely than not," or put another way, proof by 51% or jury's verdict in the civil case was not that . Simpson was guilty of murder, but that he was liable for (which essentially means responsible for causing) the deaths of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron light of the different evidence presented, burdens of proof and ultimate issues the juries were called upon to decide, the verdicts in the criminal and civil trials were not really all that inconsistent. -- Jeralyn Merritt

法律英语专业的论文题目

通常英语专业毕业从事法律工作的,一般都是做法律文件的翻译,如果同时有法律背景的,一般就是做法律文件英文版本的起草。所以,如果你没有法律教育背景,建议还是从“如何做好法律文件的翻译”的某一个题目去写。比如,法律文件翻译和一般文件翻译的不同之处什么的。。希望对你有帮助。

一个好的英语专业论文题目既是指定一个研究的方向,也是一个新的学习领域。你会像一叶小舟,尽情游弋在知识的海洋中。下面我给大家带来2022英语专业各方向论文题目参考,希望能帮助到大家!

↓↓↓点击获取更多"论文"相关内容↓↓↓

★ 英语专业毕业论文题目 ★

★ 英语教学法论文题目 ★

★ 毕业论文答辩发言稿 ★

★ 大学毕业论文评语 ★

中学英语论文题目参考

1、中学英语课堂互动教学的策略研究

2、论中学英语课堂有效教学目标的设置

3、浅谈中学英语词汇教学

4、中学英语教学中“跨 文化 意识”的缺失及对策

5、浅谈中学英语课堂中的母语文化教学

6、农村初中英语教师专业能力调查研究--以福建漳州某农村中学为例

7、论中学英语教学中学生的口语表达能力

8、中学英语课堂有效提问的基本原则

9、中学英语教学中运用现代信息技术的原则探析

10、角色换位法在中学英语课堂教学中的实施

11、能力导向的中学英语课堂教学模式及策略探究

12、中学英语教学与交互式电子白板整合应用研究

13、农村初中学困生英语厌学心理初探

14、浅谈中学英语 教育 学科目标

15、浅析中学英语教学中语言学习策略的训练

16、中学英语教学跨文化意识培养分析

17、中学英语教师必备素质研究

18、口语能力提升与中学英语教学

19、优化中学 英语阅读 教学的实践研究

20、从传播学角度看中学英语教育对实用 英语学习 的影响

21、中学 英语口语 教学 方法 探索

22、浅谈如何提高中学英语阅读水平

23、浅议如何提高农村中学“学困生”英语学习兴趣

24、浅谈中学英语语法填空的解题技巧

25、论高效中学英语教学模式的构建

26、中学英语校本课程的开发与探索

27、中学 英语写作 教学的动态评估体系建构

28、中学英语课堂教学中要体现人文关怀

29、基于语料库的中学英语学习者写作句法复杂性变化研究

30、中学英语课堂中发散性思维的培养与应用

31、文化生态视域下英语教师学历与能力应和谐统一--基于海南民族地区中学英语师资结构的调查 报告

32、探究中学英语有效阅读的教法

33、关于中学英语阅读教学维度的思考

34、农村中学英语课堂评价策略

35、中学英语教学中文化因素的作用

36、朝鲜族中学英语教学情境创设探究

37、生态教学环境下农村中学英语教师专业化发展的思考

38、浅谈中学英语中常见的修辞方法

39、河南省中学英语教师职前阶段专业知识的建构

40、提高中学 英语单词 教学有效性的策略探析

41、小说素材在中学英语教学中的有效教学途径探究

42、基于交互模式的中学英语语法教学研究

43、谈中学英语教学中的“生态课堂”

44、浅谈多媒体应用在中学英语教学中的优越性

45、基于概念整合理论的中学英语中介语整合模式研究

46、中学英语教学中教具的恰当选择

47、浅谈中学英语翻译的技巧

48、走出中学英语教学中多媒体运用的误区

49、中学英语兴趣教学的新途径分析

50、试论中学英语课堂教学评价的有效构建

前沿学术英语论文题目参考

1、浅议系统功能语言学理论指导下的英语专业学术论文摘要的翻译

2、“教学学术”视角下开放大学英语教师专业发展的思考

3、课程生态需求分析模式下的“学术英语”课程定位

4、CBI理论视域下学术英语读写教学研究

5、基于微课的通用学术英语写作课翻转课堂教学模式设计与实践

6、基于课堂读写任务的学术英语写作引用特征研究

7、基于语类的英语学术论文写作教学路径研究--以“文献综述”写作教学为例

8、基于需求分析学术英语教学模式

9、学术英语阅读能力的界定与培养

10、学术英语的词块教学法研究

11、英语专业本科 毕业 论文学术失范现象的成因与对策

12、浅析批判性思维下大学学术英语课程模块的构建

13、关于中文学术期刊使用英语的规范性问题

14、医学学术英语口语课程构建的探索

15、学术英语写作中词汇衔接探究

16、学习者学术英语写作中的引用行为研究

17、浅探理工院校学术英语改革实践

18、学术论文写作中的英语负迁移现象研究

19、学术英语写作教学体系的构建与实践

20、学术英语口头报告对批判性思维的影响探究

21、“学术读写素养”范式与学术英语写作课程设计

22、中国高校学术英语存在理论依据探索

23、学术英语教育对大学生就业的影响研究

24、学术道德教育和学术英语能力一体化培养

25、非英语专业研究生学术英语交际能力现状与对策研究--以延安大学为例

26、关于研究生学术英语教学定位研究

27、理工科学术英语视野下的批判性思维能力培植

28、面向学术英语的实验平台建构与探索

29、学术英语有效教学

30、学术英语写作课程环境下的写前计划效应探究

31、元话语视角下英语学术论文中的转述动词与语类结构研究

32、基于自建语料库的学术英语中语块结构的研究

33、以学术英语为新定位的大学英语教学转型问题的对策研究

34、跨文化背景下的中西方英语学术论文写作差异

35、学术英语背景下的大学英语听说教学

36、农学 专业英语 学术词汇概念的区别及释义

37、专门用途英语学术词表创建研究--以航海英语为例

38、基于语料库的学术英语写作教学研究

39、英语专业本科生学术诚信教育的实现路径

40、谈从通用英语向学术英语转型的必要性

41、面向学术英语教改的大学英语教师专业发展方向与路径研究

42、以学术英语为新定位的大学英语教学转型--问题和对策研究

43、学术英语写作的语言风格探究

44、学术英语写作的专属性

45、大学英语转型背景下“学术英语”课程模块的构建

46、从中外合作大学学术英语教学看大学英语教学改革--以西交利物浦大学为例

47、理工科研究生英语学术写作困难研究

48、医学本科生英语学习中学术阅读的质性调查研究

49、学术论文中英语本族语者与非本族语者的元话语比较分析

50、整合研究生英语能力和学术能力的项目式教学模式

金融英语 论文题目

1、金融英语课程教学改革探析

2、金融英语词汇的语义变迁探析

3、浅析微课在金融英语口语教学中的应用

4、金融英语的语言特点及翻译策略

5、高职院校金融英语教学现状分析及对策研究

6、刍议应用型本科院校金融英语教学改革研究

7、转型期高职英语应用型人才培养模式研究--以辽宁金融职业学院为例

8、金融英语与金融全球化竞争

9、高职专科类金融专业英语教学研究

10、概念整合理论视角下的金融英语词汇学习-以金融术语为例

11、基于语料库的英语经济语篇中隐喻的研究--以金融危机报道为例

12、高职高专金融英语教学现状及对策探究

13、 商务英语 专业学生的词块学习与教学策略研究--以辽宁金融职业学院为例

14、基于福建绿色经济的发展研发金融英语校本课程探究

15、金融英语词汇的特点及其翻译

16、金融转型背景下从业人员岗位英语能力强化路径探索

17、金融英语的词性转换研究

18、浅析以多模态理论为基础的金融英语教学

19、金融英语教学策略创新与金融双语教学共生性研究

20、翻译生态环境视角下金融英语新闻的汉译研究

21、高职院校中外合作办学项目英语教学探究--以长春金融高等专科学校为例

22、高职 英语文化 教育提升学生人文素质的策略探究--以辽宁金融职业学院为例

23、金融英语术语汉英翻译研究

24、专业人才培养视阈下的金融英语教学探究

25、国际化就业环境下的金融英语应用模式研究

26、对等理论观照下金融英语隐喻翻译的喻体形象取舍策略

27、基于ESP理论的金融英语教学改革初探

28、浅谈金融英语翻译基本特点

29、基于平行双语语料库金融英语翻译课程教学模式探索

30、多媒体网络环境下金融英语教学模式探析

31、语境在金融英语词汇教学中的应用探析

32、形成性评价在大学英语拓展课程中的应用初探--以金融英语视听说为例

33、金融学专业金融英语教学实践的探索

34、金融英语词汇特征浅析

35、金融英语汉译技巧探究

36、独立学院大学英语教学模式与策略探究--以某大学商学院为例

37、 财经 英语新闻语料库的建设构想与教学应用

38、大数据时代商务英语人才培养模式分析

39、互联网金融环境下高职金融专业课程体系构建

40、目的论视角下的金融术语翻译研究

41、商务英语专业学生学习动机及学习策略相关性研究

42、独立学院商务英语专业“双师型”师资队伍建设研究

43、释意理论下提高商务英语口译质量的应对策略研究

44、基于学生需求分析的商务英语课程设置研究

45、金融专业英语听说课程3S行动导向教学探索

46、基于自贸区需求的国际贸易双语人才培养模式探讨

47、提升商务英语实践教学质量研究

48、商务英语的语言特征及其翻译技巧

49、学业用途英语中MOOC的效能研究

50、大数据时代金融人才培养方式探析

51、基于需求分析的商务英语CBI课程实证研究

52、全球化背景下财经类院校学生英语学习环境研究--以上海金融学院为例

53、国家战略视域下的法律英语人才培养

54、培养高校综合型金融人才

55、基于航海院校商务英语人才培养的思考

56、金融学专业双语教学探析

57、金融翻译的英汉对比研究

58、试论如何把握商务英语的语言特点及翻译技巧

59、从财经新闻英译汉看财经英语长句的翻译策略

60、改写理论视角下英语硬新闻编译研究

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.好.多学习讥构比如:ABC天卞英语中心 都会先让你做个英语测试,很喜欢这里的老师,客服都很热心,我觉得在线的方式性介比较高,你也可以找几个了解一下吧..

题目不要太大,也不要太小,太大了面太广容易泛泛,小了就无材料可查,没东西可写。写你熟悉的 资料好查的 参考

英语和法律相关的论文题目

毕业 时期,英语专业论文写作成为热门,面对导师的严格要求,要想顺利通过论文答辩,拟定 一个优秀的英语专业论文题目必不可少。下面我给大家带来英语专业优秀论文题目_英语专业毕业论文选题,希望能帮助到大家!

↓↓↓点击获取更多"论文"相关内容↓↓↓

★ 英语专业毕业论文题目 ★

★ 英语教学法论文题目 ★

★ 毕业论文答辩发言稿 ★

★ 大学毕业论文评语 ★

英语本科论文题目

1、汉语对 英语写作 词汇的负迁移作用

2、《美国悲剧》的消费 文化 分析

3、从二语习得角度对比分析英语习语学习中的翻译导向模式与文化导向模式

4、礼貌原则在英文商务信函中的应用

5、南方哥特式小说特征在《心是孤独的猎手》中的体现

6、城市公示语的汉译英探索

7、归化与异化理论在汉语 歇后语 翻译中的应用

8、《婚礼的成员》中弗兰淇?亚当斯双性同体现象的研究

9、论《喜福会》中的文化冲突与共存

10、 广告 语言模糊性的语用研究

11、利用美剧进行 英语听力 自主学习

12、大学生 英语口语 学习动机研究

13、从文化视角看中国白酒广告

14、从功能翻译看《围城》英译本中文化信息的传递

15、对《达罗卫夫人》中克莱丽莎和塞普提默斯形象的研究

16、公示语汉译英错误及对策探析

17、探究美国安利公司的 企业文化 :基于其网站内容的文本分析

18、运用写长法促进英语写作能力的提高

19、中美“面子文化”对比分析

20、英汉恭维语和告别语的对比分析

21、英汉爱情隐喻的对比研究

22、新闻英语汉译的翻译技巧浅析

23、中美家庭文化比较

24、从文化的角度浅析中美企业 人力资源管理 的差异

25、华中农业大学英语专业学生高级 英语学习 状况调查

26、跨文化交际中中西方馈赠礼仪刍议

27、解读《双城记》中的人道主义思想

28、论《了不起的盖茨比》中的消费主义

29、从戴姆勒克莱斯勒事件看文化因素对跨国企业合并的影响

30、对中美离岸外包过程中跨文化交际案例的分析

31、从"老友记"中看合作原则在英语称赞语及其回应语中的应用

32、浅论美国文化与美语词汇 98 英汉植物词语联想意义的跨文化对比

33、一个被忽视的“准则英雄”--论《永别了,武器》中的女主人公凯瑟琳

34、从文化的角度看中美商务谈判风格的差异

35、英语娱乐新闻的文体特点

36、自然主义视野中《儿子与情人》主人公保罗的性格分析

37、美国价值观对《老友记》中主要角色的影响

38、中西文化中礼貌语的对比研究

39、广告双关语的作用

40、中美交流思维模式的差异

41、浅析《灶神之妻》中的多元文化主义

42、合作原则在英语商务信函中的应用

43、透过“超女现象” 反思 美国大众文化对中国传统精英文化的影响

44、中西方文化差异与英语教学

45、中西方文化差异及其对科学技术发展的影响

46、中西方文化差异对翻译的影响

47、中西方文化差异点滴

48、中西方送礼与受礼文化之差异

49、中西方思维差异与写作风格对比分析

50、中西方企业理财环境的差异分析

51、中西方广告创意水平差异刍议

52、中西方管理者收购差异及其在中国实施的建议

53、中西方古代哲学思维的差异及对音乐的影响

54、中西方古代对天体变速运动的认识差异

55、试论中西文化差异与对外汉语教学

56、求职网络的性别差异:以失业群体为例---兼论社会资本的中西差

57、浅议中西古典园林的起源及差异

58、谈中西文化差异与翻译

59、浅谈中西绘画的差异

60、中西选举制度的差异及其相关性

优秀 商务英语 本科论文题目

1、商务英语的特点及翻译技巧

2、商务英语函电翻译技巧

3、商务英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养

4、国际商务谈判中应注意的文化因素

5、商务谈判中的跨文化冲突

6、试论普通英语与商务英语的差异

7、商务谈判中的语言艺术

8、试论文化因素对商务活动的作用

9、电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策

10、从文化视角比较中英文广告语言

11、国际商务英语信函话语分析

12、经贸英语的语言特点

13、浅论经贸英语的文体风格

14、经贸英语的语体特点与翻译

15、英语在商务活动中的作用

16、经贸英语在中国加入WTO后的新趋势

17、商务英语学习中的文化习得

18、浅谈如何有效学习经贸英语词汇

19、文化习俗与跨文化交际学对经贸英语学习的影响

20、商务英语专业人才培养模式改革与实践

21、试论文化导入在商务英语教学中的作用

22、中英文广告传播之语言特色及跨文化问题

23、商品译文的品牌形象对商务英语翻译教学的启示

24、试论商务英语写作的简洁礼貌原则及写作技巧

25、现代商务英语书信的写作风格和语法特点

26、从修辞方面浅探商务英语的语言特色

27、商务英语书面语篇词汇特点分析

28、从语境角度分析英汉互译中语言的得体

29、商务英语函电的文本特征

30、经贸英语合同的语言特色

31、商务合同英语的文体特征分析

32、经贸英语信函话语基调分析

33、中西文化差异与交际障碍

34、试谈语言交际中的文化差异

35、文化差异对经贸英语翻译的影响

36、经贸英汉互译中的矛盾与对策

37、经贸英语词汇特点与翻译

38、根据词义和逻辑关系谈涉外经济合同的翻译

39、商业 英文书信 所使用的 词语分类 浅析

40、一些普通词汇在经贸英语中的特殊意义及翻译

41、常用名词在经贸英语中的语义变化特征

42、浅谈经贸英语会话中的言语交际技巧

43、论国际经贸活动的语言交际技巧

44、跨文化交际中的非言语交际体系研究

45、文化差异对国际商务的影响

46、国际商务谈判中的文化差异

47、试论广告英语的语言特点

48、关于网络广告英语与报刊杂志广告英语词汇比较

49、商号、商标、公司名称等的翻译?

50、商标名称的美学特征及汉语商标名称的翻译

优秀英语专业毕业论文题目

1、航海英语教学中培养跨文化交际能力的意义

2、医学检验专业双语教学的思考

3、“微时代”下的军事 医学英语 微课教学研究

4、浅析中医五行学说一些术语的英译

5、传统美学视角下的 散文 翻译中情感美的传递

6、目的论视角下的文学翻译策略研究——以《红楼梦》两个英文译本为例

7、茅盾文学奖获奖作品的翻译研究价值——以《穆斯林的葬礼》为例

8、《长恨歌》中认知隐喻的翻译

9、高罗佩《武则天四大奇案》英译之诗学探析

10、诗歌翻译中的“意、音、形”之美——唐诗《江雪》四种英译的对比分析

11、《红楼梦》角色姓名“归化”译法探究

12、论戏剧翻译的可表演性原则

13、《越人歌》的审美再现——从语内翻译到语际翻译

14、早期西方汉学家英译《聊斋志异》中的跨文化操纵

15、“西语哲”视域下的英汉 句子 形态的差异及启示

16、中英文日常交际用语的差异探析

17、网络环境下英语教学模式改革初探

18、基于图式理论的高职商务英语专业听力作业设计研究

19、翻译工作坊教学模式研究

20、高校英语教学中目的语文化的渗透和本族语文化的回归研究

21、新课改下高校 教育 硕士(英语)培养模式的探索与反思

22、中小学英语衔接工作的探索与实践

23、信息技术与高校英语教学整合研究

24、探究基于计算机辅助模式的大学英语课堂教学情感因素

25、开元数字化平台大学英语教学模式研究——基于建构主义理论

26、非英语专业大学英语教师课堂话语的互动特征分析——以实习教师课堂为例

27、西部农村中学英语写作在线同伴反馈和教师反馈的对比研究

28、基于网络的高职英语自主学习生态化研究'))));基于网络的高职英语自主学习生态化研究

29、小学英语课堂激励 方法 的应用策略研究

30、高中英语以读促写的“读写一体化”教学模式探究

31、研究生英语学术论文语体特征多维度对比分析

32、MOOC下的中国职业英语教育改革探索与应对

33、初中英语教学策略初探

34、西北地区初中生英语自主学习浅见

35、浅议小学英语教学中的词汇教学

36、试析模块教学法在中职酒店英语教学中的应用

37、英语词汇增长路线图理论研究

38、语法及语法教学:从知识到技能的转变——D.拉森-弗里曼的语法观及语法教学刍议

39、周作人的直译观及其嬗变

40、新教学环境下的英语专业第二课堂建设分析

41、论翻转课堂模式下英语课堂提问策略的转变

42、支架式教学模式对中职英语教学的启示

43、基于“输出驱动假设”的警务英语教学策略研究

44、跨文化交际意识对商务英语翻译的影响

45、从目的论视角浅谈英文电影片名中译

46、浅析英语新闻标题的翻译

47、论《论语》英译中的语用充实

48、翻译目的论视角下的汉语典籍英译——以《论语》英译为例

49、英美影视作品中“神翻译”的定义及方法探析

50、电影片名翻译的跨文化解读

51、“讨论”与“演讲”相结合的大学英语课堂教学实践

52、单词 配对 法对双语词汇翻译的影响

53、素质教育视野下农村中小学教师心理资本开发与学生英语学习的关系

54、硕士研究生公共英语课程的元认知策略

55、语境中语块的加工及其影响因素——以中级汉语学习者为例

56、激发和培养学生英语学习兴趣之管见

57、浅谈如何提高小学英语教学质量

58、如何更好地利用多媒体辅助英语教学

59、平行文本视域下的企业简介汉英翻译策略研究

60、文化差异的导入对大学英语教学的意义

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The theory of criminal law of shallow understanding errors1. irrtumslehreLegal irrtumslehre, namely, refers to the illegality mistake for own behavior in law, whether what crime constitutes a crime shall be punished by, or what is wrong, is to oneself the legal nature of the action of meaning or misunderstandings. Legal irrtumslehre usually includes three conditions: (1) the actor's behavior in law does not constitute a crime, the offender and constitutes a crime for which imaginary guilty, (2) the behavior in law constitutes a crime and does not constitute a crime, the offender mistaken assumptions that innocent, (3) for his act constitutes a crime shall be convicted and punishment in light of the existing errors, misunderstanding or punishment. Due to the legal irrtumslehre, only to the behavior of the offender is not correct understanding of the legal assessment, and for their actions in fact correct understanding of the situation is still there, so its act constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility is and how it is not usually occurs.(1)Imaginary innocent treatment principleThe principles for imaginary innocence, whether it involves a deliberately elements. Foreign criminal law theory basically has the following kinds:1)Should know that don't speak, just for criminal facts have understanding. Canada criminal code article 19 regulation: "the ignorance of the law excuses and crime can be ShuZui reason." Motto: "Roman law and legal disclaimer" somehow also expressed a principle, namely: "in the crime as subjective FanYi established condition, not request to recognize his behavior of richtswitrig".2)Should know the reason, according to two: moral responsibility theory, personality responsibility theory. Moral responsibility theory emphasizes on the rationality of free will blame illegal conduct, is considered to be objective stance. 3)That said, the possible illegality of responsibility for deliberately, at least to the possibility of understanding illegality. While in China mainland, the introduction of the concept of crime has another concept -- social consciousness that harm to discuss richtswitrig already meaningless. Because the deliberate crime according to law condemn the illegality of the offender is not known, the law itself is not damaged, the law of the social consciousness is harm. Social harm consciousness is the essential contents of the crime, illegal consciousness is the legal form of social consciousness. Therefore, our country law more emphasis is on the rationality of essence, which is harmful to the society values. Just because of its social harmfulness, with a social moral evaluation colour, easier for people to grasp and observe. Therefore, the author thinks that, in general, the person need to recognize his behavior may be the result of inevitable or harmful to the society, and has already know. With intentionally But in fact, the forbidden by law and mass that is harmful to the society in our country nowadays the behavior under the constitution should be consistent, in other words, know the social harmfulness also know the possibility of illegal, but know the possibility of illegal is inevitable should also realize social harmfulness, both are unified. Therefore, it is generally thought that the law is no excuse, the reason of law does not exclude the misunderstanding in principle, but can be culpable for deliberately discretion. (2) Misunderstandings treatment principle. PunishmentWe might as well so the essence of blame for his due: the crime in the subjective should blame or blame, for the intent or negligence performance. If the offender because of misunderstanding that legal person feels very innocent, lack of this should blame or condemning sexual, from the fundamental measure, blame is absolutely not consider disclaimer. Especially in the modern society, the legal category SAN marino, legal entry in different fields and different levels of books, recognized, comprehend legal apparently endless and same, so the person of law and misunderstandings, not inexcusable. Now, both in theory and practice, the method not cling to forgive "seems to have in shake. Therefore, to a certain extent, can also think admits exceptions excusable is legal misunderstanding of criminal law is an important symbol of humanity. In addition, it was not in the act of which is prohibited by the laws and regulations, especially after a circumstance, should have knowledge of richtswitrig actor, constitute the understanding of deliberate point of view, with the attitude of this understanding, of course, that is not the illegality or by the simple statement actor. The author thinks that the only when the legal establishment of may, FangKeZu but . The fact mistakeThat mistake, is to determine its subjective behavior nature and the criminal responsibility of the relevant facts wrong understanding. From the wrong reasons and phenomenon of angles, generally known that there are several mistakes:(1) Object irrtumslehreThe object is known for errors, whether there is objectively error object. It includes actor in the implementation of the existing criminal behavior of the hazards for the object and actually does not exist, or for criminal object and actually does not exist, or infringe a criminal object and actually invaded another crime object. The object of objects is usually known errors caused by mistake, but the object of different social relationship reflects different. Evil doer of objects and actual expected in fact not only harm object does not agree, and in the nature of law is not consistent. Therefore, the object irrtumslehre may affect the form of sin, crime accomplishment, and may even attempted to influence the crime. For example, in view of the circumstances, not a thought before the enemy, and a party came to stick, afterwards just know the ox was wounded. A thought of damage is "people", and the actual wounded is "cow", do not belong to the same laws of the object. Similar situation and will generally be mistaken for drug trafficking items, Actor will stolen items in the theft of guns in stealing together. This object from the subjective errors, see, is a kind of mistake, From the objective, because the mistake crime to no avail, where the criminal attempted )Object mistakeObjects can be generalized mistake, including object mistake to belong to the object know mistake is inevitable object irrtumslehre. These include, is known to be wrong object of legal property of the same object mistake and legal properties of different objects, namely the object irrtumslehre irrtumslehre. In order to distinguish with the object mistake here, the cognition to the same object only mean error between the different objects, namely the misunderstanding of the evil doer expected objects and actual harm to the object, but not in fact in the legal nature of the same situation. This object mistake again say things on purpose mistake not criminal responsibility. As a reserve, killing b shall be killed as b and c, do not affect a rap. This is the need to consider that a kill b behavior "mistake" cause others (c), belong to an intentional crime (b) "death", for the excess result, according to the results, which determine the ordinary mail of death was deliberately recognized for deliberately, to the death of the fault is propylene, identified as negligence, according to the intention or negligence of the general mark recognized FanYi or state of mind, not applicable rules of the ) Behavior irrtumslehreBehavior mainly includes two kind of mistake: first, the behavior nature irrtumslehre. That actor has to its social harm nature, such as understanding not imaginary defense. Behavior nature mistake might affect the form of sin, and may also affect crime. Second, the behavior tools (methods) irrtumslehre. That person to use when the conduct of tool (methods), which affects not correct understanding of harm results, behavior tools (methods) mistake can affect crime or attempted was founded, also can affect crime or belongs to the incident, a typical for murder on hazardous substances, because the drug failure and failed to kill people, can think method or tools for error doer of consciousness beyond reason not to succeed. And as actor see armour, second coming together, hence shot to play, but can't hit by the party and. Look, this is from the phenomenon of an object, or the final results for the mistake, but this error is based on the fact that the wrong doer identify offender is carefully identify to begin, can think recognize is accurate, errors in ChaWu itself. The solution to this situation, "said", its legal with qualitative and recognize wrong object is consistent, namely directly recognized as an intentional homicide accomplishment. The death of a person is directly intentionally to b, death is the indirect intentional, just for a to b is attempted, accomplished. Additionally, if in daily life because misidentification object and damage of consequences, the crime itself is not just any criminal negligence because of )Causality irrtumslehreCausality mistake, is on his behavior and harmful results of actual connection between errors. Generally include: first, not some harm result, as has happened actor. This generally constitute a crime. Second, has certain harm result, but not for actor or for his behavior is caused, and does not affect crime accomplishment. Third, really happened, the offender is aware of its behavior, but with the actual development between the harm to the process or a mistake, general to punish crime accomplishment. In theory, the offender is not only a crime, but continuous movement, this several continuous action is not a few crime, but a crime. In this sense, doesn't exist on the results of the irrtumslehre and facts mistake and proceduresDomestic scholars in fact know mistakes and errors between the issue legal representative views mainly include:(1)For own behavior whether in law constitutes a crime, criminal or what kind of criminal punishment shall be under the incorrect understanding is legal irrtumslehre for his behavior on the implementation of the incorrect understanding is the fact that mistake,(2)The objectivity of crime is a false understanding of crime, that mistake of objective facts have clear understanding, only to act in the evaluation of existing laws on the concept of law is not correct mistakes。(3)Actor known facts and actual fact don't agree is wrong, the person that judgment and objective law is law of illegal inconsistency ideas basically could in theory and legal irrtumslehre fact distinguish mistakes, it is important to emphasize that:1) With the conviction that the so-called irrelevant, as this mistake to hit each other, the shooting head caused the death of heart, without vision of research into our. 2) Study of the theory of error, error occurs when the purpose, but whether to intentionally resistance, reduce plots affected only the wrong cognition, natural sentencing nor will it into the error theory category. 3) This does not constitute a crime and actor for crime, and for their behavior in the criminal law on the crimes and how to apply for criminal punishment on such specific knowledge error, conviction according to law. Based on this, the author thinks that, at the fact that criminal law is only to know wrong doer of elements to know the so-called objective facts constituents of mistake is the fact that the legal irrtumslehre error refers to the legal action is illegal and the evaluation of the mistake. From the theory of facts and legal irrtumslehre error, but the problem is in the law, criminal elements to the facts and law closely combined circumstances (like some administrative crimes and economic crimes), or is in a fact itself contains certain laws of evaluation content, to distinguish with a mistake is the fact that mistake or legal wrong, is often difficult. If the property of his humanity and obscenity obscenity, administrative rules and regulations, JinYuOu, disrupt public until its precondition of the legitimacy of the public, and legal irrtumslehre facts wrong intertwined, and this is what we distinguish facts and legal irrtumslehre errors will solve the some cases, the defendant should know that because of the lack of knowledge, and not to the behavior of social harmfulness, so that the defendant is not "knowledge they will entail harmful consequences to society, and hope or allows such results" and deliberate crime, the burden of proof is only FanYi prosecution, in addition, prosecution without proof the defendant not normal, but normal mental and spiritual normal presumption defendant directly if the defendant that his spirit is not normal, it shall provide necessary evidence by himself to prove. Thus, the author, on legal irrtumslehre processing, can adopt the presumption of ways to handle. Which country presumption every normal citizens are known, unless the law can put forward defense "advantage prove" above, or the evidence rebut these presumption is established. From the efficiency of lawsuit, said the country is impossible to prove the defendant is known of the law.

选什么主题不都可以吗,这有什么,你又不是法律翻译专业非得是翻译方面的,或者非得选某个方向。

.好.多学习讥构比如:ABC天卞英语中心 都会先让你做个英语测试,很喜欢这里的老师,客服都很热心,我觉得在线的方式性介比较高,你也可以找几个了解一下吧..

法律英语论文格式

法学的论文格式

导语:法学论文都有其固定的格式,想要写出高水平的法学学术论文,不仅要有较高的思想理论水平和坚实的法学专业基础知识功底,还要掌握一定的论文写作技巧,熟知论文的写作格式要求,下面我整理了法学的论文格式,欢迎参考借鉴!

一、内容及要求

提交的mba论文一般应包括:封面、目录、中英文摘要、正文、参考文献、致谢。

1、封面

封面按要求逐项填写清楚。

2、论文题目

论文题目必须在郑大自考办毕业论文选题系统中选择。

3、目录

目录是论文的提纲,也是论文组成部分的小标题,文字处理应简明扼要。排列顺序是:1.中英文摘要及关键词;2.正文;3.参考文献;4.致谢。并对每项标明页码。目录要求用word自动生成。

4、中英文摘要

中、英文论文摘要内容应一致,概括论文的中心论题、基本观点、方法和结论,字数要求:200-400字以内。

5、关键词

是表述论文主题内容信息的单词或术语,从论文标题或正文中挑选3~5个最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词,同时有中、英文对照,分别附于中、英文摘要后。

6、正文

正文是论文的主体,要求语言流畅,内容正确,有独立的观点和见解,应具备学术性,科学性和一定的`创造性,字数5000-8000字左右。

7、注释

引注统一采用“页下脚注”的方式(以出现的先后次序编号,编号以方括号括起,放在右上角,如[1],[3~5])。每页分别连续编号。

8、参考文献

毕业论文的撰写应本着严谨求实的科学态度,凡有引用他人成果之处,所列参考文献应按论文参考或引证的先后顺序排列。

参考文献的列举应与注释相区别。著作仅列出作者、书名、出版地、出版社及出版日期;论文仅列出作者、文章名称、期刊名称及出版期号等。文中重复引用的,不能重复列举列出。

9、致谢

根据自己的工作体会,对指导教师和协助完成设计的有关人员表示谢意。

二、论文格式规范及打印要求。

1、文字

用汉语规范文字书写,字数在5000-8000字左右。

2、书写

毕业论文版面不分栏,一律由本人在计算机上用Word输入、编排并打印在A4幅面白纸上。

3、页面设置

(1)页边距

左边距:厘米,右边距:厘米,上边距:厘米,下边距:厘米。

(2)页码的书写及编排

毕业论文页码从摘要部分开始至致谢,用阿拉伯数字连续编排,页码标在右下。

4、论文标题层次

统一采用中文国标。毕业论文的全部标题层次应有条不紊,整齐清晰。相同的层次应采用统一的表示体例,正文中各级标题下的内容应同各自的标题对应,不应有与标题无关的内容。

章节编号方法应采用分级中文数字编号方法,第一级为一、二、三等,第二级为(一)、(二)、(三)等,第三级为1、2、3、等,但分级编号一般不超过四级。

各层标题均单独占行书写。第一级标题居中书写;第二级、第三级、第四级标题均空两格书写序数,后空一格书写标题。第四级以下单独占行的标题顺序采用(1)、(2)、(3)……和①、②、③……两层,标题均空两格书写序数,后空一格写标题。正文中对总项包括的分项采用(1)、(2)、(3)…单独序号,对分项中的小项采用①、②、③…的序号或数字加半括号,括号后不再加其他标点。

5、目录

目录按统一要求的格式编写,目录要求列到二级标题,一级目录用小四号宋体,二级目录用小四号宋体(行距可视目录中标题的多少而定)。

6、中英文摘要

中文摘要包括题目“摘要”字样、摘要正文和关键词。摘要正文后下空一行打印“关键词:”,每一关键词之间用分号分开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。正文字体均用小四宋体。

英文摘要字体用小四号Times New Roman字体,内容、格式与中文摘要相同。

7、正文字体、字号及行距

正文部分:论文题目为三号黑体;一级标题为四号黑体;二级标题用小四号黑体,其他标题和正文用小四号宋体;数字和字母用Times New Roman体,段落前空2字符,倍行距。

8、论文注释格式

凡文中引用的数据和观点均应以注释形式表明具体出处。正文中引用的数据和观点均用脚注的形式标明出处,采用①②这样的序号,标注处应该用上标(即①②……)。脚注序号每页新起,即每页序号从①开始。

脚注采用小5号宋体。

9、论文图表格式

(1)表和图均应有标题,以表1-1、1-2,表2-1、2-2,图2-1、2-2,图2-1、2-2的形式显示,表和图若为引用,必须标明详细出处(标在图、表的下方),表、图中的符号要予以说明。

(2)表序、表题放在表的上方,图序、图题放在图的下方。论文中的表述不要用上表、下表、上图、下图之类的表述,而是直接用表1-1,图1-1这样的表述。

(3)表序、表题和图序、图题用小4号楷体加粗。

(4)表序与标题之间、图序与图题之间不要加冒号,而是以空格隔开。

(5)表和图的内容(指标、符号、数据等)的字体应比正文文字字体小。

10、年代、年份、数字的表述方式

不能用18年之类的表述,而必须用2018年这样的表述;不能用90年代之类的表述,而必须用20世纪90年代(或1990年代)之类的表述。

数字在千位数以上,每隔3位数以空格隔开,如1000,10000000等。

11、英文缩写的表述方式

英文缩写第一次出现时,必须有中文全称。格式:中文全称(英文缩写)。

示例:世界贸易组织(WTO)。

12、参考文献

按毕业论文正文中出现的顺序列出直接引用的主要参考文献。参考文献的标注应符合国家标准GB7714-87《文后参考文献著录规则》。

文献为期刊的排列顺序是:编号、作者、文章题目名、出版年、期刊号、年份、卷号、期数、起止页码;文献为图书的排列顺序是:编号、作者、书名、出版时间、版次、出版单位、起止页码。

示例:

[1].斯密:《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》,中文版,上卷,北京,商务印书馆,1979。

[2].于宗先:《资产泡沫化与经济消长》,载《经济学动态》,2004年第6期。

外文参考文献建议采用以下格式:

Eugene Return and Equilibrium:Some Clarifying Journal of Finance,Mar 1968, Issue 1,.

Alfred , Economics of Regulation:Principles and MIT Press.

参考文献数量不少于10篇。

13、文献来源引注原则

注释及参考文献均应源自第一手文献(含外文文献的中译一手文献),即不要用转载期刊或者转载网站上的文献,如《新华文摘》、人大复印期刊、中国期刊网刊载的论文等电子文献都是二手文献,不得直接引注。在转载期刊或者转载网站上发现的文献,务必查阅原发期刊,引注务必用原发期刊。

三、印刷与装订格式要求。

毕业论文统一用A4纸标准大小的白纸打印,单面印刷,左侧装订。(订两个订书针,上下各留50mm。装订顺序为:

1、论文封面【单独占1页】。

2、目录【单独占1页】。

3、中英文摘要。

4、正文。

5、参考文献【单独占1页】。

6、致谢【单独占1页】。

一篇法学essay往往是在大量文献引用和逻辑分析的基础上得出研究成果。在美国的法学论文中,单篇论文的引用文献往往都有上百个,我们甚至可能看到论文的引用部分所占有的篇幅甚至比正文还多。对于这种近乎疯狂的引用情怀,也遭到加拿大等其他国家法学家的讽刺(来自渥太华大学法学院优秀毕业生徐的转述)。然而,无论文献引用数量多少,我们需要做的基本功了解法学essay写作中的引用格式和引用规范。下面同学们就跟Meeloun小编一起来看看吧!引用规范包括两个要求:一是对于参考借鉴必须注明出处,二是引用形式要统一一、参考借鉴必须注明出处在法学essay写作中,引用的功能主要包括三个方面:(1)帮助读者识别和调用相关文献资源:Help readers identify and relocate the source work。(2)证明论文的观点是经过充分研究得出的;Provide evidence that the position is well-researched。(3)尊重提出原观点、理论的作者:Give credit to the author of an original concept or theory presented。此外,在阅读一些论文的时候,我们经常看到一个引用泛化的现象,就是引用没有体现上述功能。例如,将学界通识引用为个别知名教授的观点,将一些基本事实、常识引用为个别文章的成果,等等。二、引用形式要统一引用形式要统一,是指引用的格式必须按照标准化的要求做到全文统一,并遵循有关要求。在英文论文写作中,引用的格式有多种参考标准。在Google Scholar检索中自动生成的Citation形式里面,就有MLA、APA和GB/T 7714三种可选,其中第三个是中国国家标准化管理委员会发布的国家标准《文后参考文献著录规则》,在国内高校的毕业论文引用规范和理工科学术期刊中采用较多。此外,国际标准化组织(ISO)还发布了文献引用格式的国际标准ISO 690:2010(Information and documentation--Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources),致力于推动文献引用格式的国际协调一致。文献引用格式的标准化,有利于促进文献数据的信息化处理,进而服务于学术影响力评价等诸多方面。目前,各种类型文献引用规范都是推荐性的。各个研究机构、学术期刊往往会根据本领域文献的特征,选择其中一种或者自创一种格式作为采用格式。在法学essay引用格式中,以《哈佛法律评论》等为主的期刊联盟就自行制定了文献引用体系的蓝皮书,也即The Bluebook,该引用格式目前是英文世界法学文献的主流引用格式。此外,APA、Martin也被诸多法学研究机构和学术期刊采用,故此,本文就分别介绍一下The Bluebook、APA、Martin的基本情况。 Bluebook文献引用格式The Bluebook的英文全称为The Bluebook:A Uniform System of Citation,中文全称为《蓝皮书:统一注释体系》。在使用过程中,一般直接称为蓝皮书(The Bluebook),它是一本在美国使用最为广泛的法律引用指南。蓝皮书是由《哈佛法律评论》、《哥伦比亚法律评论》、《宾夕法尼亚法律评论》、《耶鲁法律评论》的编委会共同参与编写。蓝皮书第一版出版于1926年,现在已经出到了第二十版。蓝皮书是美国绝大多数法学院进行引用时参考的指南,也是美国绝大多数联邦法院使用的引用格式。当然,美国最高法院有自己的引用格式,每个州在自己的法院系统里也只遵守自己制定的引用格式。The Bluebook全书共计560页,详细的列举了各类文献的引用形式。在书中,你可以看到中文文献的英文引用方式,也可以看到同一本文献的多种引用形式。在每一类文献的引用规范中,The Bluebook列举了许多中不同情况、不同形式的引用形式,供读者自己选择。例如,对于著作,他列举了一个作者、两个作者、三个作者以上的不同引用形式,同时对于一个作者的著作又列举了不同引用形式,供读者自行选择适用。在期刊论文、电子文献等其他各类资源下,也尽可能穷尽各种形式进行举例说明。The Bluebook的详尽引用规范,一方面得到大百科全书的赞誉,另外也因为其过于繁杂而饱受了许多批评。例如,芝加哥大学直接将蓝皮书简化改版为Maroonbook,以增加适用的便利性。总而言之,The Bluebook是法学论文写作的必备书,但是并不需要使用者全文阅读,而仅仅是在需要使用的时候查看。尤其对于其他引用规范没有提到的偏门文献,The Bluebook往往也可以让你查到其引用形式。The Bluebook虽然是必备必备工具书,但是其并未免费向社会提供,使用者必须用真金实银去购买方可获得。在The Bluebook发行的最初50年,该书的版权收益一直由《哈佛法律评论》100%占有,《哥伦比亚法律评论》、《宾夕法尼亚法律评论》、《耶鲁法律评论》到1974年时才意识到这一问题。最终经过争论,《哈佛法律评论》分享40%收益,另外三家各分享20%的收益,《哈佛法律评论》负责生产和销售。另外,记得在中国政法大学中欧法学院的课程中,讲授Legal Research and Writing的美国教授曾经专门向TheBluebook版权方询问,是否可以授权免费复印40余本用于教学。The Bluebook的版权方明确回答,必须付费方可使用,最后由学校付费才取得复印数十本的权利。在Amazon,目前第20版的The Bluebook售价32美元左右。The Bluebook的电子版在网上无法免费获得。对于其他途径获取电子版或复印版,各位可以根据著作权法的合理使用规则自行处理。文献引用格式APA格式英文全称为Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association,即《美国心理协会刊物准则》。它是美国心理协会(American Psychological Association)出版的,在包括法学在内的各个社会科学领域内广泛采用的文献引用规范。APA格式起源于1929年,当时只有7页,被刊登在《心理学期刊(Psychological Bulletin)》。目前,APA已出版至第六版(ISBN 9781433805615),总页数272页。在APA格式中,引注没有The Bluebook那么复杂,其采用的引用格式也比较容易被读者记下和掌握。但是,APA对于法学论文中常见的案例引用等特殊情况,没有作出说明,由此导致采用APA格式的法学论文都需要再配合The Bluebook使用。为了对APA格式有直观了解,举例如下:纸质著作:Finney,J.(1970).Time and York,NY:Simon andSchuster.纸质期刊论文:Nevin,A.(1990).The changing of teacher education special Education and Special Education:The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children,13(3-4),147-148APA的第6版还特别新增了Kindle电子版图书的引用规范,例如:Eggers,D.(2008).The circle[KindleVersion].APA格式也是受到著作权保护的作品,其售价为15美元左右。同时,在Google上可以检索到该书第6版的电子版。文献引用格式Martin格式的英文全名是Introduction to Basic Legal Citation,即《基本法律引用指引》。它是由康奈尔大学法学院前院长Peter 教授创作完成。Martin格式最初诞生于1993年,在2016年做了最新修订,共计500页。该格式比The Bluebook简单易懂,同时还补充了APA格式对于法学论文引用的不足。此外,Martin格式的由作者通过互联网免费向社会公开使用,可以不受纸质版出版周期限制而作出及时的修订。在Martin格式的第一章,其全面总结了主要的文献引用形式,并做了详细的讲解。因此,对于初学者来说,直接看Martin格式的第一章就可以比较全面的掌握英文文献引用的基本技巧。总结各类引用格式规范提供了多种参考格式,在没有其他要求的情况下,同学们只需要保障文中前后一致即可。此外,上述英文引用格式是写作英文论文所需要掌握和运用的。希望同学们都能掌握以上的法学essay的引用格式哦!回答来源于Meeloun,原文链接

一.关于本专业毕业论文的选题 英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行,即英语文学,语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向,具体解释如下: 1.英语文学:选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行:国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。 在进行国别文学研究选题时,一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家(如海明威),某一经典作品(如《双城记》),某一写作手法(如象征手法的运用)或某一文学思潮(如浪漫主义运动)作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名,容易引起学生的兴趣,如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》,学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时,应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义,不能流于肤浅的分析。 文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生,因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段,本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。 比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的(如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”),也可以是不同国别的(如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》) 2.语言学:选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行:普通语言学和应用语言学。 普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究,如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究(如“一般现在时及其交际功能”)。 应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的应用语言学分支的研究。师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题,也要避免过大范围的选题,而应对一个具体问题进行研究,最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有:“个性与英语教学”,“方言对英语学习的影响”等。 3.翻译学:翻译学的选题一般可以在两个方向上进行:翻译理论以及翻译活动。对翻译理论的研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等。相比之下,对翻译活动的研究更多一些,这些选题可以是对一种语言现象的翻译、或一种修辞格的翻译的研究(如“汉语成语的英译”)。应该注意的是,在对翻译活动作研究时,往往需要某种翻译理论支撑,总结规律,并对这一活动作出评价,要避免仅仅时例子的罗列。 二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求 学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分。 (一)前置 1.英文封面:由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成。 2.目录:由论文的中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成,排在英文封面之后另页。 3.中、英文内容摘要:摘要是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,宜以最简洁的语言介绍论文的概要、作者的突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论,是一篇完整的短文,可以独立使用,中文摘要一般在200字左右 4关键词:关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。为便于文献检索,学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”,这些关键词就是论文的中心词,以显著的字符另起一行,分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方。各关键词之间用“分号”隔开。外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。 (二)主体部分 主题部分包括引言(Introduction)、正文(Body)、结论(Conclusion)、参考文献(Bibliography)。主体部分必须由另页右页开始。 1.引言:主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面的概述、理论意义和实用价值等。 2.正文:论文的正文是核心部分,占主要篇幅。一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证。要求论据充分,论点明确。行文必须实事求是,客观真切,准确完备,合乎逻辑,层次分明,简练可读。正文部分要有分级标题,章、条、款、项的序号编码方法,采用阿拉伯数分级系列编号法,论文中的章、条、款、项依次排列,依次从1开始,连续编号,中间用“.”相隔,最末级编号之后不加点。示例: 1. 2.…… …… .… 3.结论:学位论文的结论是最终的、总体的结论,它是对正文部分的论述的概述,也可以在结论或讨论中提出建议、研究设想、尚待解决的问题等。 4.参考文献:写作学位论文过程中,阅读或运用过某些文献所列出的书目清单,置于正文之后,另页开始。参考文献的著录按原文献语种为原则。 (1)文献目录应另页书写,外文文献排前,中文文献排后。外文文献书名须用斜体。 (2)文献目录一律按作者姓氏汉语拼音或外文字母顺序排列。 (3)每条文献必须顶格写,回行时空两字或五个英语字母。 (4)将各文献的类型代号(即文献英文名的首字母)注明在文献之后: 专著[M] 学位论文[D] 论文集〔C〕 报纸文章〔N〕 期刊文章〔J〕 报告[R] 专利 [P] 专著、论文集的析出文献[A] 其他未说明文件 〔Z〕 电子文献中光盘图书 [M/CD](MONOGRAPH ON CD) 网上期刊〔J/OL〕(serial online) 5.文内所引文献:要求附夹注,应在引文后加括号注明作者姓名(英文只注姓),出版年和引文页码。若为转引文献,则加quoted in 字样。 例:(王佐良,1982:38) (Newmark,8:26-33) 6.文献中列出的文献应该与正文中标注的文献一一对应。正文中没有出现的,不应出现在参考文献中。 (三)附录部分 附录包括所有与论文有关的补充材料,如图表或照片等。

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