好人难寻英文论文题目

好人难寻英文论文题目

一个好男人是很难找到的。献给剩女的

A Good Man Is Hard To FindThe grandmother didn't want to go to Florida. She wanted to visit some of her connections in east Tennes- see and she was seizing at every chance to change Bailey's mind. Bailey was the son she lived with, her only boy. He was sitting on the edge of his chair at the table, bent over the orange sports section of the Journal. "Now look here, Bailey," she said, "see here, read this," and she stood with one hand on her thin hip and the other rattling the newspaper at his bald head. "Here this fellow that calls himself The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida and you read here what it says he did to these people. Just you read it. I wouldn't take my children in any direction with a criminal like that aloose in it. I couldn't answer to my conscience if I did." Bailey didn't look up from his reading so she wheeled around then and faced the children's mother, a young woman in slacks, whose face was as broad and innocent as a cabbage and was tied around with a green head-kerchief that had two points on the top like rabbit's ears. She was sitting on the sofa, feeding the baby his apricots out of a jar. "The children have been to Florida before," the old lady said. "You all ought to take them somewhere else for a change so they would see different parts of the world and be broad. They never have been to east Tennessee." The children's mother didn't seem to hear her but the eight-year-old boy, John Wesley, a stocky child with glasses, said, "If you don't want to go to Florida, why dontcha stay at home?" He and the little girl, June Star, were reading the funny papers on the floor. "She wouldn't stay at home to be queen for a day," June Star said without raising her yellow head. "Yes and what would you do if this fellow, The Misfit, caught you?" the grandmother asked. "I'd smack his face," John Wesley said. "She wouldn't stay at home for a million bucks," June Star said. "Afraid she'd miss something. She has to go everywhere we go." "All right, Miss," the grandmother said. "Just re- member that the next time you want me to curl your hair." June Star said her hair was naturally curly. The next morning the grandmother was the first one in the car, ready to go. She had her big black valise that looked like the head of a hippopotamus in one corner, and underneath it she was hiding a basket with Pitty Sing, the cat, in it. She didn't intend for the cat to be left alone in the house for three days because he would miss her too much and she was afraid he might brush against one of her gas burners and accidentally asphyxiate himself. Her son, Bailey, didn't like to arrive at a motel with a cat. She sat in the middle of the back seat with John Wesley and June Star on either side of her. Bailey and the children's mother and the baby sat in front and they left Atlanta at eight forty-five with the mileage on the car at 55890. The grandmother wrote this down because she thought it would be interesting to say how many miles they had been when they got back. It took them twenty minutes to reach the outskirts of the city. The old lady settled herself comfortably, removing her white cotton gloves and putting them up with her purse on the shelf in front of the back window. The children's mother still had on slacks and still had her head tied up in a green kerchief, but the grandmother had on a navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dress with a small white dot in the print. Her collars and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady. She said she thought it was going to be a good day for driving, neither too hot nor too cold, and she cautioned Bailey that the speed limit was fifty-five miles an hour and that the patrolmen hid themselves behind billboards and small clumps of trees and sped out after you before you had a chance to slow down. She pointed out interesting details of the scenery: Stone Mountain; the blue granite that in some places came up to both sides of the highway; the brilliant red clay banks slightly streaked with purple; and the various crops that made rows of green lace-work on the ground. The trees were full of silver-white sunlight and the meanest of them sparkled. The children were reading comic magazines and their mother and gone back to sleep. "Let's go through Georgia fast so we won't have to look at it much," John Wesley said. "If I were a little boy," said the grandmother, "I wouldn't talk about my native state that way. Tennessee has the mountains and Georgia has the hills." "Tennessee is just a hillbilly dumping ground," John Wesley said, "and Georgia is a lousy state too." "You said it," June Star said. "In my time," said the grandmother, folding her thin veined fingers, "children were more respectful of their native states and their parents and everything else. People did right then. Oh look at the cute little pickaninny!" she said and pointed to a Negro child standing in the door of a shack. "Wouldn't that make a picture, now?" she asked and they all turned and looked at the little Negro out of the back window. He waved "He didn't have any britches on," June Star said. "He probably didn't have any," the grandmother explained. "Little riggers in the country don't have things like we do. If I could paint, I'd paint that picture," she said. The children exchanged comic books. The grandmother offered to hold the baby and the children's mother passed him over the front seat to her. She set him on her knee and bounced him and told him about the things they were passing. She rolled her eyes and screwed up her mouth and stuck her leathery thin face into his smooth bland one. Occasionally he gave her a faraway smile. They passed a large cotton field with five or fix graves fenced in the middle of it, like a small island. "Look at the graveyard!" the grandmother said, pointing it out. "That was the old family burying ground. That belonged to the plantation." "Where's the plantation?" John Wesley asked. "Gone With the Wind" said the grandmother. "Ha. Ha." When the children finished all the comic books they had brought, they opened the lunch and ate it. The grandmother ate a peanut butter sandwich and an olive and would not let the children throw the box and the paper napkins out the window. When there was nothing else to do they played a game by choosing a cloud and making the other two guess what shape it suggested. John Wesley took one the shape of a cow and June Star guessed a cow and John Wesley said, no, an automobile, and June Star said he didn't play fair, and they began to slap each other over the grandmother. The grandmother said she would tell them a story if they would keep quiet. When she told a story, she rolled her eyes and waved her head and was very dramatic. She said once when she was a maiden lady she had been courted by a Mr. Edgar Atkins Teagarden from Jasper, Georgia. She said he was a very good-looking man and a gentleman and that he brought her a watermelon every Saturday afternoon with his initials cut in it, E. A. T. Well, one Saturday, she said, Mr. Teagarden brought the watermelon and there was nobody at home and he left it on the front porch and returned in his buggy to Jasper, but she never got the watermelon, she said, because a nigger boy ate it when he saw the initials, E. A. T. ! This story tickled John Wesley's funny bone and he giggled and giggled but June Star didn't think it was any good. She said she wouldn't marry a man that just brought her a watermelon on Saturday. The grandmother said she would have done well to marry Mr. Teagarden because he was a gentle man and had bought Coca-Cola stock when it first came out and that he had died only a few years ago, a very wealthy man. They stopped at The Tower for barbecued sand- wiches. The Tower was a part stucco and part wood filling station and dance hall set in a clearing outside of Timothy. A fat man named Red Sammy Butts ran it and there were signs stuck here and there on the building and for miles up and down the highway saying, TRY RED SAMMY'S FAMOUS BARBECUE. NONE LIKE FAMOUS RED SAMMY'S! RED SAM! THE FAT BOY WITH THE HAPPY LAUGH. A VETERAN! RED SAMMY'S YOUR MAN! Red Sammy was lying on the bare ground outside The Tower with his head under a truck while a gray monkey about a foot high, chained to a small chinaberry tree, chattered nearby. The monkey sprang back into the tree and got on the highest limb as soon as he saw the children jump out of the car and run toward him. Inside, The Tower was a long dark room with a counter at one end and tables at the other and dancing space in the middle. They all sat down at a board table next to the nickelodeon and Red Sam's wife, a tall burnt-brown woman with hair and eyes lighter than her skin, came and took their order. The children's mother put a dime in the machine and played "The Tennessee Waltz," and the grandmother said that tune always made her want to dance. She asked Bailey if he would like to dance but he only glared at her. He didn't have a naturally sunny disposition like she did and trips made him nervous. The grandmother's brown eyes were very bright. She swayed her head from side to side and pretended she was dancing in her chair. June Star said play something she could tap to so the children's mother put in another dime and played a fast number and June Star stepped out onto the dance floor and did her tap routine. "Ain't she cute?" Red Sam's wife said, leaning over the counter. "Would you like to come be my little girl?" "No I certainly wouldn't," June Star said. "I wouldn't live in a broken-down place like this for a million bucks!" and she ran back to the table. "Ain't she cute?" the woman repeated, stretching her mouth politely. "Arn't you ashamed?" hissed the grandmother. Red Sam came in and told his wife to quit lounging on the counter and hurry up with these people's order. His khaki trousers reached just to his hip bones and his stomach hung over them like a sack of meal swaying under his shirt. He came over and sat down at a table nearby and let out a combination sigh and yodel. "You can't win," he said. "You can't win," and he wiped his sweating red face off with a gray handkerchief. "These days you don't know who to trust," he said. "Ain't that the truth?" "People are certainly not nice like they used to be," said the grandmother. "Two fellers come in here last week," Red Sammy said, "driving a Chrysler. It was a old beat-up car but it was a good one and these boys looked all right to me. Said they worked at the mill and you know I let them fellers charge the gas they bought? Now why did I do that?" "Because you're a good man!" the grandmother said at once. "Yes'm, I suppose so," Red Sam said as if he were struck with this answer. His wife brought the orders, carrying the five plates all at once without a tray, two in each hand and one balanced on her arm. "It isn't a soul in this green world of God's that you can trust," she said. "And I don't count nobody out of that, not nobody," she repeated, looking at Red Sammy. "Did you read about that criminal, The Misfit, that's escaped?" asked the grandmother. "I wouldn't be a bit surprised if he didn't attack this place right here," said the woman. "If he hears about it being here, I wouldn't be none surprised to see him. If he hears it's two cent in the cash register, I wouldn't be a tall surprised if he . . ." "That'll do," Red Sam said. "Go bring these people their Co'-Colas," and the woman went off to get the rest of the order. "A good man is hard to find," Red Sammy said. "Everything is getting terrible. I remember the day you could go off and leave your screen door unlatched. Not no more." He and the grandmother discussed better times. The old lady said that in her opinion Europe was entirely to blame for the way things were now. She said the way Europe acted you would think we were made of money and Red Sam said it was no use talking about it, she was exactly right. The children ran outside into the white sunlight and looked at the monkey in the lacy chinaberry tree. He was busy catching fleas on himself and biting each one carefully between his teeth as if it were a delicacy. They drove off again into the hot afternoon. The grandmother took cat naps and woke up every few minutes with her own snoring. Outside of Toombsboro she woke up and recalled an old plantation that she had visited in this neighborhood once when she was a young lady. She said the house had six white columns across the front and that there was an avenue of oaks leading up to it and two little wooden trellis arbors on either side in front where you sat down with your suitor after a stroll in the garden. She recalled exactly which road to turn off to get to it. She knew that Bailey would not be willing to lose any time looking at an old house, but the more she talked about it, the more she wanted to see it once again and find out if the little twin arbors were still standing. "There was a secret:-panel in this house," she said craftily, not telling the truth but wishing that she were, "and the story went that all the family silver was hidden in it when Sherman came through but it was never found . . ." "Hey!" John Wesley said. "Let's go see it! We'll find it! We'll poke all the woodwork and find it! Who lives there? Where do you turn off at? Hey Pop, can't we turn off there?" "We never have seen a house with a secret panel!" June Star shrieked. "Let's go to the house with the secret panel! Hey Pop, can't we go see the house with the secret panel!" "It's not far from here, I know," the grandmother said. "It wouldn't take over twenty minutes." Bailey was looking straight ahead. His jaw was as rigid as a horseshoe. "No," he said. The children began to yell and scream that they wanted to see the house with the secret panel. John Wesley kicked the back of the front seat and June Star hung over her mother's shoulder and whined desperately into her ear that they never had any fun even on their vacation, that they could never do what THEY wanted to do. The baby began to scream and John Wesley kicked the back of the seat so hard that his father could feel the blows in his kidney. "All right!" he shouted and drew the car to a stop at the side of the road. "Will you all shut up? Will you all just shut up for one second? If you don't shut up, we won't go anywhere." "It would be very educational for them," the grandmother murmured. "All right," Bailey said, "but get this: this is the only time we're going to stop for anything like this. This is the one and only time." "The dirt road that you have to turn down is about a mile back," the grandmother directed. "I marked it when we passed." "A dirt road," Bailey groaned. After they had turned around and were headed toward the dirt road, the grandmother recalled other points about the house, the beautiful glass over the front doorway and the candle-lamp in the hall. John Wesley said that the secret panel was probably in the fireplace. "You can't go inside this house," Bailey said. "You don't know who lives there." "While you all talk to the people in front, I'll run around behind and get in a window," John Wesley suggested. "We'll all stay in the car," his mother said. They turned onto the dirt road and the car raced roughly along in a swirl of pink dust. The grandmother recalled the times when there were no paved roads and thirty miles was a day's journey. The dirt road was hilly and there were sudden washes in it and sharp curves on dangerous embankments. All at once they would be on a hill, looking down over the blue tops of trees for miles around, then the next minute, they would be in a red depression with the dust-coated trees looking down on them. "This place had better turn up in a minute," Bailey said, "or I'm going to turn around." The road looked as if no one had traveled on it in months. "It's not much farther," the grandmother said and just as she said it, a horrible thought came to her. The thought was so embarrassing that she turned red in the face and her eyes dilated and her feet jumped up, upsetting her valise in the corner. The instant the valise moved, the newspaper top she had over the basket under it rose with a snarl and Pitty Sing, the cat, sprang onto Bailey's shoulder. The children were thrown to the floor and their mother, clutching the baby, was thrown out the door onto the ground; the old lady was thrown into the front seat. The car turned over once and landed right-side-up in a gulch off the side of the road. Bailey remained in the driver's seat with the cat gray-striped with a broad white face and an orange nose clinging to his neck like a caterpillar. As soon as the children saw they could move their arms and legs, they scrambled out of the car, shouting, "We've had an ACCIDENT!" The grandmother was curled up under the dashboard, hoping she was injured so that Bailey's wrath would not come down on her all at once. The horrible thought she had had before the accident was that the house she had remembered so vividly was not in Georgia but in Tennessee. Bailey removed the cat from his neck with both hands and flung it out the window against the side of a pine tree. Then he got out of the car and started looking for the children's mother. She was sitting against the side of the red gutted ditch, holding the screaming baby, but she only had a cut down her face and a broken shoulder. "We've had an ACCIDENT!" the children screamed in a frenzy of delight. "But nobody's killed," June Star said with disappointment as the grandmother limped out of the car, her hat still pinned to her head but the broken front brim standing up at a jaunty angle and the violet spray hanging off the side. They all sat down in the ditch, except the children, to recover from the shock. They were all shaking. "Maybe a car will come along," said the children's mother hoarsely. "I believe I have injured an organ," said the grandmother, pressing her side, but no one answered her. Bailey's teeth were clattering. He had on a yellow sport shirt with bright blue parrots designed in it and his face was as yellow as the shirt. The grandmother decided that she would not mention that the house was in Tennessee. The road was about ten feet above and they could see only the tops of the trees on the other side of it. Behind the ditch they were sitting in there were more woods, tall and dark and deep. In a few minutes they saw a car some distance away on top of a hill, coming slowly as if the occupants were watching them. The grandmother stood up and waved both arms dramatically to attract their attention. The car continued to come on slowly, disappeared around a bend and appeared again, moving even slower, on top of the hill they had gone over. It was a big black battered hearselike automobile. There were three men in it. It came to a stop just over them and for some minutes, the driver looked down with a steady expressionless gaze to where they were sitting, and didn't speak. Then he turned his head and muttered something to the other two and they got out. One was a fat boy in black trousers and a red sweat shirt with a silver stallion embossed on the front of it. He moved around on the right side of them and stood staring, his mouth partly open in a kind of loose grin. The other had on khaki pants and a blue striped coat and a gray hat pulled down very low, hiding most of his face. He came around slowly on the left side. Neither spoke. The driver got out of the car a

很难找到一个好人。

好人难寻主题论文

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《好人难寻》是奥康纳的代表作，常为选家所选，故事写得十分生动，语言简朴，文笔清新严谨，含义丰富而深刻。奥康纳的《书信集》中曾有个英国文学教授写信问她写这篇小说的“意图”，她回答说，从描绘佐治亚州人民日常生活这个意义上说，这篇小说并不是现实主义的，但她认为小说的主题是严肃的，寓意是深刻的。

弗兰纳里·奥康纳(Flannery O’conner)是20世纪美国南方作家。她的作品中洋溢着浓郁的南方乡土气息。文章以《好人难寻》为例，探讨了奥康纳作品的主题与艺术风格。在这部作品中，读者可清晰地体会到她的故土——美国南方留在她身上的深深烙印；目睹她为读者勾勒出的社会上的“畸形人物”(她试图通过对暴力和畸形人物的描写来达到让人们自己“清醒”的目的)；捕捉到对她影响很大的宗教思想的影子。这些主题的成功塑造一方面归因于南方地域文化对她的影响和天主教家庭对她的熏陶，另一方面要得益于她对讽刺、幽默、象征等艺术手法的恰当运用。伟大的作家弗兰纳里·奥康纳身患多种疾病，25岁的时候她她患上狼疮，以至在她生命的最后14年里她都要撑着拐杖才能走路。她说：“正是我的病使我不能参加很多活动，从而有更多的时间来写作。”Flannery O'Connor,1925_1964,当代美国南方女作家弗兰纳里·奥康纳(Flannery O'Connor,1925-1964)出生于佐治亚州。1945年毕业于佐治亚州女子学院,之后,获得了研究生奖学金,进入著名的依阿华大学作家培训班。39岁时死于癌症。在其短暂的生命中，她创作了两篇长篇小说和三十一篇短篇小说，1957年获欧·亨利短篇小说奖。推荐她两部短篇小说A GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND 《好人难寻》THAT RISES MUST CONVERGE 水到渠成《好人难寻》。小说选自上海译文出版社1980年出版的《当代美国短篇小说集。另外中国作家马原在他的文学评论著作《虚构之刀》中也有所提及。《好人难寻》的故事并不复杂，讲述了有着一个爱唠叨的老太婆的6口之家，在外出旅行时遇人不善，从而使喜剧变成悲剧的故事。 马原在《虚构之刀》中称奥康娜是一个带着邪气的作家，因为她善于打破人们的思维定式，表现与常理完全相反的悲观的一面。比如说，我们认为天下还是好人居多，于是当我们外出碰到困难时都曾这样安慰自己，为自己打气。但是否这就概括了一切可能存在的情形呢？小说本身就是答案。

完全可以google一下啊。一搜就出来一堆，写论文都够了。

《好人难寻》是奥康纳的代表作，常为选家所选，故事写得十分生动，语言简朴，文笔清新严谨，含义丰富而深刻。奥康纳的《书信集》中曾有个英国文学教授写信问她写这篇小说的“意图”，她回答说，从描绘佐治亚州人民日常生活这个意义上说，这篇小说并不是现实主义的，但她认为小说的主题是严肃的，寓意是深刻的。她指出，天主教相信原罪说，世间不乏充满兽性的人和野蛮的暴行，因此尽管有人称她写的是恐怖小说或哥特小说，她却认为她的小说属于“天主教现实主义”。原罪说指类人的祖先亚当与夏娃触犯了上帝的禁律，被贬到凡间，因此人一出生就带有原始罪恶。奥康纳小说的主题主要描写邪恶、赎罪和得救，她笔下的人物可以用圣徒奥古斯丁的一句箴言来概括：“我们的灵魂不得安宁，直到它们在您（指上帝）的身上找到了安宁。”但奥康纳作为南方作家，她的创作也带有南方文学的显著特征：浓厚的历史意识、细腻的心理描写和怪诞的人物形象。她从来不用说教来宣传她的宗教信仰，而是用完美的艺术形象通过隐喻和象征来抒写寓意深刻的主题，有时连主题本身也含有好几层意思，例如《好人难寻》的寓意深刻得连英国文学教授都要写信询问她本人。这个故事的第一层意思当然是讲原罪，说明这个世界已变得十分野蛮残酷，人成了冷血动物。作者一方面通过三个暴徒的暴行用一种让人不寒而栗的象征笔法攻击不信上帝的世俗社会，但另一方面，作者显然也寄同情于沦落人，认为他们也可以通过自己的方式赎罪得救。美国文学史家弗雷德里克·R·卡尔在《美国小说1940—1980》（1983）一书中说，“好人难寻”这句话原是圣徒耶路撒冷的西里尔的箴言，他认为通向精神生活之路必须经过恶龙，这些龙可能把你吞噬掉。老奶奶认为通向精神之路可以不经过龙；但沦落人对精神生活不存幻想，明知各处都有龙潜伏着。“生活里没有真正的乐趣，”沦落人说，他所寻找的赎罪形式是老奶奶永远无法想象的。因此卡尔认为，沦落人是某种形式的先知，是个不露真相的耶稣。”路易斯·Y·高塞特在《南方文学史》（1985）中说，奥康纳认为通过暴力可以改变一个人，例如在《好人难寻》中沦落人说：“如果她活着时候每分钟都有人开枪打她，她倒很可能成为一个好女人的。”意谓老奶奶有潜伏的优良品质，通过暴力可以把她改造过来成为好人。美国约瑟芬·汉定在《美国实验小说》（1979）里也认为奥康纳同情沦落人，说她笔下那些最凶暴的人受尽生活的摧残，只好默默地在这个世界上受苦，而世人却把他们看成破坏性的或者“与众不同”的人。奥康纳根据自己的生活经验懂得“与众不同”的含义。她本人用礼貌来掩饰自己的愤怒，她笔下的人物也同样用礼貌来掩饰自己的愤怒。例如《好人难寻》中的沦落人就是这样。向陌生人施加暴行使许多“沦落人”表示了愤怒，但他们同时又对促使他们愤怒的根源无动于衷。汉定还说，奥康纳自己受尽病魔的折磨，因此她深知最大的痛苦是一个畸形人、沦落人或弃儿每天生活中所遭受的苦难。别人（亲友、社会工作者）和当局对他们的照顾或同情对他们毫无助益，只会使他们更加愤怒。这类人物的变态心理和反常行为是他们背离宗教信仰的后果，往往只能靠暴力或死亡得救。奥康纳自己曾说，她的创作源泉主要来自宗教，教会使她在学习与写作上节省了大约2，000年时间，而她的创作技巧也主要借用宗教上解释教义的方法：从字面意义之外看其最后的、神秘的含义，用这方法观察事物就能在一个意象或一个境遇中看出好几层现实。而《好人难寻》中的确描写和反映了好几层现实，耐人寻味。

博士论文好难定题目

博士论文同写作别类文章不一样，首先要选择好适合于作为博士论文的题目。在许多博士生导师来看，论文选题是“重要的起点”，博士生们在确定选题时应特别注意：首先，论文选题值得做。所谓“值得做”，即指有理论价值，下功夫研究有可能在理论和方法上有所创新， 甚至还有可能对本学科的发展有所贡献。由于经济学是门应用性很强的科学，因此选题还必须考虑研究此问题有无实践意义。惟有既具有较高的理论价值又具有较强的实践意义，才是值得做的课题。论文选题我能做，能写好。确定这个选题能否充分利用自己的知识积累，能否最大限度地发挥自己的长处， 这也是必须考虑的问题。如果随意抓一个热门的课题，即使这个课题有较高的理论价值，也不一定能写好。这是因为该选题同自己的长期的知识积累、兴趣以及长处相脱节，不能发挥比较优势，写作起来不免吃力，甚至有可能难以完成。选题不宜过小或过大，而应当是小题大做，即所谓“小题目，大文章”。“小题目，大文章”不仅有利于充分发挥，做深做透，还宜于控制，使研究成果比较坚实。好的选题，题目看似虽小，但深度和厚度却较大。做学术论文，研究要单刀直入，切忌贪大求全，四面开花。选取前人没有研究和涉猎过的课题。从新的角度选题，使选择的课题和论文题目具有开拓性、独创性和新颖性。只有这样，才能做出有深度有新意的研究成果。尽量选择对自己有长久研究价值的选题。博士论文毕竟是阶段性的研究成果，这个成果虽然很重要，但不一定都能作为自己今后开展研究工作的出发点。从长计议，应当尽量选择围绕此问题，能长久做下去，作为自己写作博士生学位论文的选题。（以上内容来源于学术堂）

博士毕业学位论文如何选题

论文选题技巧之博士毕业学位论文如何选题-博士生入学后，即应开始考虑博士学位论文的选题，搜集相关资料，对其可行性进行自我论证。在自己思考相对成熟后，再与导师讨论和论证。取得导师的同意后，初步确定选题，然后进一步搜集文献资料，做好开题准备。

博士生毕业之后也需要写毕业论文，今天文无忧论文格式网就为大家介绍一下博士毕业论文的写作要点。博士生入学后，即应开始考虑博士学位论文的选题，搜集相关资料，对其可行性进行自我论证。在自己思考相对成熟后，再与导师讨论和论证。取得导师的同意后，初步确定选题，然后进一步搜集文献资料，做好开题准备。

博士学位论文的选题至少应当具备以下五点：

（1）“值”，选题要考虑本学科研究的前沿性或现实的可操作性，具有重要的理论意义和实践意义，值得研究；

（2）“新”，选题具有新颖性，要尽量选择别人没有研究或者虽有研究但没有突破的课题，避免重复研究；

（3）“能”，对于该选题，博士生本人已有相当的积累，自己能够写好；

（4）“小”，选题要小，不是越小越好，而是要小题大做，指一篇博士学位论文只是解决一个基本问题，只有选题小，资料才能搜集全，挖掘才能深入，论文才能真正做好；

（5）“专”，选题应当和宪法学与行政法学专业紧密相关，属于本专业博士点研究方向的范围。

博士学位论文的开题一般在第一学年结束前（当年6月底）进行。各门课程考试以及综合考试合格者，方可开题。开题前，博士生撰写书面开题报告，并且至少应当提前三天将开题报告送博士生培养指导小组各位导师一人一份。开题报告应当包括如下内容：（1）选题的理论意义和实践意义；（2）选题在国内外的`研究现状（文献综述）；（3）论文准备解决的基本问题；（4）论文拟采用的研究方法；（5）论文的初步框架；（6）论文的写作计划。

开题时，先由博士生进行报告，然后由博士生培养指导小组的各位导师对选题的可行性及论文的结构等进行评价，提出意见。不符合要求的，要限期改进，否则不得进入论文的下一阶段。开题报告通过后，博士生即应开始博士学位论文的写作。博士学位论文必须在导师的指导下由博士生本人独立完成。博士生用于博士学位论文写作的时间一般不少于1年。一篇博士学位论文的字数不得少于12万字。

在写作中，应当注意：（1）博士学位论文必须有一个命题（即博士学位论文所要论证的原创性观点）。整个博士学位论文应当紧紧围绕这一具有原创性的命题的论证而展开。命题不能过多，只能有一个。千万不能将博士学位论文写成面面俱到、缺乏论证的教科书。（2）在写作时间上必须抓紧，宜早不宜迟。到中期汇报时论文字数要过半，不低于6万字。

博士学位论文写作的中期汇报，一般安排在第四学期结束前（当年5月底6月初，一般安排在上届博士学位论文答辩结束的第二天）进行。每位博士生都必须参加中期汇报，不参加中期汇报的博士生，不得参加博士学位论文的预答辩和正式答辩。

博士生进行中期汇报，应撰写书面报告，并送交博士生培养指导小组各位老师一人一份。中期汇报的书面报告主要应包括如下内容：（1）论文写作的进展情况；（2）在写作过程中遇到的主要问题；（3）在写作过程中调整后的论文提纲。

据学术堂了解，博士论文同写作别类文章不一样，首先要选择好适合于作为博士论文的题目。在许多博士生导师来看，论文选题是“重要的起点”，博士生们在确定选题时应特别注意：首先，论文选题值得做。所谓“值得做”，即指有理论价值，下功夫研究有可能在理论和方法上有所创新， 甚至还有可能对本学科的发展有所贡献。由于经济学是门应用性很强的科学，因此选题还必须考虑研究此问题有无实践意义。惟有既具有较高的理论价值又具有较强的实践意义，才是值得做的课题。论文选题我能做，能写好。确定这个选题能否充分利用自己的知识积累，能否最大限度地发挥自己的长处， 这也是必须考虑的问题。如果随意抓一个热门的课题，即使这个课题有较高的理论价值，也不一定能写好。这是因为该选题同自己的长期的知识积累、兴趣以及长处相脱节，不能发挥比较优势，写作起来不免吃力，甚至有可能难以完成。选题不宜过小或过大，而应当是小题大做，即所谓“小题目，大文章”。“小题目，大文章”不仅有利于充分发挥，做深做透，还宜于控制，使研究成果比较坚实。好的选题，题目看似虽小，但深度和厚度却较大。做学术论文，研究要单刀直入，切忌贪大求全，四面开花。选取前人没有研究和涉猎过的课题。从新的角度选题，使选择的课题和论文题目具有开拓性、独创性和新颖性。只有这样，才能做出有深度有新意的研究成果。尽量选择对自己有长久研究价值的选题。博士论文毕竟是阶段性的研究成果，这个成果虽然很重要，但不一定都能作为自己今后开展研究工作的出发点。从长计议，应当尽量选择围绕此问题，能长久做下去，作为自己博士生学位论文的题目。

论文题目寻么写

问题一：论文题目怎么写 一、定义： 所谓论文就是讨论某种问题或研究某种问题的文章。它的外延是文章，其内涵是讨论问题和研究问题，因此，它是一种说理文章。这里着重是要理解“讨论”和“研究”，这是论文的本质属性。 二、分类： 一是科研论文。就是对某个问题进行调查研究，写成的调查报告；对某种问题进行科学实验后，写成的实验报告；对某项经验进行总结，并上升的理论高度写成的经验报告。他们共同的特征是有明确的研究对象和明确的实践过程，反映了撰写者已进行的实践与研究过程。它们往往通过测量、统计数据、事例旁证等进行定性定量分析。如果作为一个课题研究，那就是研究报告。 二是学术论文。它是对某个问题尚未进行实验或实践，但依赖与某种理论或查阅文献资料，在理论上进行构想、探索，提出策略性思考的论文。或对某一理论问题进行思辩性思考的论文。 上述两类论文不一定完全是独立的个体，不存在截然划分的界线。 三、形式： 目前教育界的论文大多数出自于一线老师，经验总结论文居多。也有课题研究报告和理论研究文章。这给人们造成了一个错觉，似乎论文就是上述三种形式。其实，课题的方案、个案研究报告、甚至一篇说课稿均属于论文。如果把它们排斥在外是错误的。如果不是论文，难道是文艺作品或者是新闻报道？或者说是鲁迅的杂文！ 不管是毕业论文，还是职称论文，都需要按照标准格式进行排版。 论文的格式包括以下几个方面， 1、论文题目格式：（在标题下注明作者，邮编，工作单位，学生就写所在学校） 要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录 目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录） 3、内容提要： 是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多 不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文 的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容 特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取 3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 5、论文正文： （1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言 一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作 的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论 证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： a.提出问题-论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证； c.解决问题-论证方法与步骤； d.结论。 6、参考文献 一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要 文献资料，列于论文的末尾。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期） 英文：作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是： （1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 （2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出 版物信息。 刚才已经讲过，不管是用来发表的论文，还是在校大学生写的毕业论文，都需要按照上面的论文格式进行排版，否则，你的论文或毕业论文就可能通不过审核。 问题二：毕业论文的题目怎么写？ 提供一些设计专业毕业论文的题目，供参考。 1、数码相机的设计报告 2、产品设计中的人机交互探讨 3、绿色设计与世纪未来 4、浅谈各种塑料管道的特点及应用 5、居住小区智能化技术的发展趋势 6、论平衡式燃气热水器与密封燃烧室新设计 7、浅谈地铁车站的装修概念设计 8、节能建筑设计与高新技术应用 9、城市设计、城市规划一体论 10、市场经济下建筑设计业的发展方向及对策 11、住宅室内储物空间设计论文 12、国内外室内设计的发展 13、浅谈建筑造型设计 14、建设设计中的虚拟现实 15、21世纪未来住宅的设计 16、浅谈城市“文化”广场的设计原则 17、文革视觉文化与文革风格视觉设计 18、论视觉传达设计的创新 19、浅析CI设计中的企业文化冲击力 20、视觉传达设计师――创作独立性 21、图形创意的表现 22、平面艺术设计的本土语言 23、传统美学观对现代广告招贴设计的影响 24、平面设计从混沌中走出 25、浅析现代标志设计教学与传统图形艺术的结合 26、设计当随时代---浅谈技术的发展对插图设计的影响 27、包装设计的定位 28、平面图形设计中的符号学原理 29、现代攻装设计的文化观 30、品牌包装设计 31、中国古代图徽与现代标志设计 32、医药商标标志设计之我见 33、中国平面设计-现实与展望 34、浅议汉字标志的存在价值与竞争优势 35、论计算机图形艺术设计 36、西方现代美术教育理论中的工具论和本质论 37、社会转型期民间舞蹈文化的发展态势 38、传统绘画艺术与现代艺术设计 39、中国当代艺术设计教育反思――制造大国的设计教育现状及存在的问题 40、城市空间艺术与可持续发展 41、论东西方舞蹈文化的冲突与融合 42、衰落与蜕变――百年中国民间美术态势思考 43、设计史的状况 44、设计艺术中的界面设计探讨 45、“似花还似非花”――浅析花在中国传统文化中的象征 46、试论概念设计的思维程序及方法 问题三：论文的题目来源应该写什么? 题目来源，即论文题目是教师、教授推荐的还是自己（根据兴趣、专业特长等）选择的。可以从以下表述中选择来写：根据导师指导意见与个人兴趣及能力，从导师所给参考题目中选定。通过查阅相关资料并在导师的指导下共同商定此论文题目。在大学各课程的学习中对×××的现状与发展这一问题产生了浓厚的兴趣，有极大的热情对其进行研究与分析，所以就以这个问题作为论文的题目。通过查阅与专业相关的资料及文献，并根据自己所学的专业知识以及与导师进行讨论确定论文题目。通过自己广泛的阅读资料并与指导老师协商后拟定。 问题四：论文的选题意义怎么写 30分 就是写清楚你问什么选这个论题来研究，这个研究成果出来之后有什么意义，简单的来说就是有什么用，会帮到哪些人或事，有什么好处，而且你对你选的这个课题的研究有哪方面的优势！一般分为目的和意义： 目的――重在阐述论文要解决的问题。即为什么选这样一个题目进行论述，要论述出什么东西。 意义――重在表明论文选题对理论研究有哪些贡献，或对实践具有哪些帮助和指导 问题五：毕业论文的选题意义怎么写？ 选题意义和目的一般作为开题报告里面的第一块内容,是阐述你所研究的这个选题有没有研究价值或者说讨论价值的, 写开题报告的目的，其实就是要请导师来评判我们这个选题有没有研究价值、这个研究方法有没有可能奏效、这个论证逻辑有没有明显缺陷. 写意义的时候根据你的选题来决定形式 可以分现实意义和理论意义 也可以不细分,把目的和意义和在一起写,总之突出你观点的新颖和重要性即可 建议可以从这两点来叙述,不过要根据自己的选题,不要生搬硬套: 1. (你的选题)是前人没有研究过的,也就是说研究领域中一个新颖有意义的课题,被前人所忽略的 2. 前人有研究过,或者说阐述过但是没有阐述论证的足够全面,你加以丰满,或者驳斥前人的观点, 总之,意义和目的一定要叙述的清晰并且是有一定新意的 其次注意自己所使用的理论,你是用什么理论证明你的观点 也要叙述清楚,否则难以有说服力 在做文献综述和国内外研究水平的评价等等也要有翔实的根据 这样才能衬托出你的选题的意义所在 问题六：论文选题意义怎么写 50分 首先纲领性把握两者区别： 目的――重在阐述论文要解决的问题。即为什么选这样一个题目进行论述，要论述出什么东西。 意义――重在表明论文选题对理论研究有哪些贡献，或对实践具有哪些帮助和指导。 在明确两部分的区别之后可以对选题的相关领域进行搜索，明确当下该选题有哪些研究成果，还有哪些部分是你的选题需要补充和完善的。对选题的价值有一个综合性的判断。 最后进入实战部分： 可以先简单叙述该课题的起源或者发展状况，然后阐明选题着重解决哪些问题（讨论范围）。最后对你的选题进行价值性评估，说清楚这篇论文将对理论产生哪些推动作用，或者对实践有什么指导意义就可以了。 PS.目的和意义可以分开写，也可以合并写，看个人爱好以及资料的详实程度。 希望对你有帮助~祝论文顺利 O(∩_∩)O 问题七：帮忙想下论文的题目怎么写 提供一些物流管理专业毕业论文的题目，供参考。 1、xx物流改进方案(某行业或某物流企业) 2、xxx供应链的改进策略 3、XX公司的物流成本控制 4、论XXX公司物流发展对策 5、XXX公司物流采购的改进策略 6、XXX公司公路运输服务的改进策略 7、XXX公司货运业务改进方案 8、条形码技术在连锁超市中的应用---XX应用条形码技术分析 9、条形码技术在XX管理中的应用 10、XX仓储与运输服务及改进策略 11、XX物流管理中存在的问题和对策 12、第三方物流改进建议---以XX公司为例 13、XXX厂库存管理的解决方案 14、XXX物流配送方案 15、XXX公司的仓储管理及改进对策 16、X公司物料与仓储管理的解决方案 17、商品条码在XXX连锁超市中的应用 18、XXXX配送服务的调查分析 19、二维条码在XXX中的应用 20、XXX公司仓储管理系统改进策略 21、XXX公司货物运输改进策略 22、EAN储运单元码在XXX中的应用 23、XXX应用供应链管理的探讨 24、条码技术在XXX超市中的应用 25、XXX的物流改进方案 26、XXX的业务流程改进 27、汉信码在XXX中的应用 28、关于XXX公司物流配送的探讨 29、XXX公司物流发展策略 30、XXX公司加工配送优化 31、XXX公司仓库管理的流程优化 32、JIT采购理论及其应用---以XXX为例 33、XXX公司仓库现状与解决方案 34、XXX仓储现状及改进措施 35、XXX物流外包方案设计 36、XXX公司仓库部流程分析 37、XXX公司物流加工配送解决方案 XXX公司仓储管理的流程优化 38、XXX公司物流解决方案 39、XXXX公司信息化建设的探讨 40、XX公司运输流程优化的建议 41、XXXX公司仓储管理优化 42、XXXX仓储管理中存在的问题及改进对策 43、浅析XXX公司散户库的发展状况 44、XXX物流配送管理中存在的问题及改进对策 45、传统XX行业仓储模式向现代物流业转型的思考---以XXX公司为例 46、XXX产品追踪作业方案设计 47、XXXX公司在物流业务上的优化 48、如何有效地提高XXXX公司物流的运输合理性 49、XX公司运输管理中存在的问题及改进对策 50、XXXX产品在物流作业流程上的优化...>>

论文标题及其写法：[关键字]标题样式举例标题是文章的“眼”，是连接文章和读者的桥梁。标题的好坏将直接影响到论文的质量和推广度。一、标题的分类标题是文章的眉目。各类文章的标题，样式繁多，但无论是何种形式，总要以全部或不同的侧面体现作者的写作意图、文章的主旨和体现论文的亮点。论文的标题按照形式一般可分为总标题、副标题、分标题几种。(一)总标题是文章总体内容的体现。常见的写法有：①揭示课题的实质。这种形式的标题，高度概括全文内容，往往就是文章的中心论点。它具有高度的明确性，便于读者把握全文内容的核心。诸如此类的标题很多，也很普遍。如《关于经济体制的模式问题》、《经济中心论》、《县级行政机构改革之我见》等。②提问式。这类标题用设问句的方式，隐去要回答的内容，实际上作者的观点是十分明确的，只不过语意婉转，需要读者加以思考罢了。这种形式的标题因其观点含蓄，容易激起读者的注意。如《家庭联产承包制就是单干吗？》、《商品经济等同于资本主义经济吗？》等。③交代内容范围。这种形式的标题，从其本身的角度看，看不出作者所指的观点，只是对文章内容的范围做出限定。拟定这种标题，一方面是文章的主要论点难以用一句简短的话加以归纳；另一方面，交代文章内容的范围，可引起同仁读者的注意，以求引起共鸣。这种形式的标题也较普遍。如《试论我国农村的双层经营体制》、《正确处理中央和地方、条条与块块的关系》、《战后西方贸易自由化剖析》等。④用判断句式。这种形式的标题给予全文内容的限定，可伸可缩，具有很大的灵活性。文章研究对象是具体的，面较小，但引申的思想又须有很强的概括性，面较宽。这种从小处着眼，大处着手的标题，有利于科学思维和科学研究的拓展。如《从乡镇企业的兴起看中国农村的希望之光》、《科技进步与农业经济》、《从“劳动创造了美”看美的本质》等。⑤用形象化的语句。如《激励人心的管理体制》、《科技史上的曙光》、《普照之光的理论》等。(二)副标题和分标题为了点明论文的研究对象、研究内容、研究目的，对总标题加以补充、解说，有的论文还可以加副标题。特别是一些商榷性的论文，一般都有一个副标题，如在总标题下方，添上“与××商榷”之类的副标题。另外，为了强调论文所研究的某个侧重面，也可以加副标题。如《如何看待现阶段劳动报酬的差别——也谈按劳分配中的资产阶级权利》、《开发蛋白质资源，提高蛋白质利用效率——探讨解决吃饭问题的一种发展战略》等。设置分标题的主要目的是为了清晰地显示文章的层次。有的用文字，一般都把本层次的中心内容昭然其上；也有的用数码，仅标明“一、二、三”等的顺序，起承上启下的作用。需要注意的是：无论采用哪种形式，都要紧扣所属层次的内容，以及上文与下文的联系紧密性。

论文题目写作要点:

1. 论文的题目一定要用最简单最恰当的词组去反映论文特定的内容。要注意不能够把论文未设计的内容或者是没有得出的结论包括进去,也要注意不能够把论文已经设计的内容或者是已经得出来的结论，摒弃在范围之外。

2. 论文的题目要包括论文的主要关键词，这样才能够为检索提供特定的使用信息。

3. 切忌用比较长的主谓宾结构完整语句，要逐点描述论文的内容。

4. 论文题目应该简洁，如果是科技类的论文题名一般不超过20个汉字，如果是外文题名，一般不建议超过10个实词。

5. 论文的题目应该尽量的避免使用符号，比如数学公式，化学结构式，或者是不是大多数同行所熟悉的符号，简称，缩写或者是商品名称等。

论文题目的写作一定要注意尽量的通俗易懂，因为并不是所有阅读文章的人都是专家学者，但也要注意关键词的体现，关键词的体现更有利于文章被检索

寻根文学的论文题目

寻根文学我就觉得是扎根于民族艺土地上的那些原始的本土文化。

我跟你一样的情况啊

（四）寻根文学是“超越社会政治层面，突入历史深处而对中国的民间生存和民族性格进行文化学和人类学的思考”。寻根文学可追溯至80年代初期，1985年，韩少功、阿城、郑义、郑万隆、李杭育等相继打出了“寻根”的旗子，他们反对一味追求西方现代派文学的创作倾向，提倡把文学的“根”扎在本民族的岩层中。同时受到学术界的“文化热”影响，旨在追溯民族文化渊源，对传统文化予以审视、剖析和继承，文学史上称为“寻根”小说。如汪曾祺的《受戒》、邓友梅的《那五》，吴若增的《翡翠烟嘴》等，勃兴是在1985年后，主要作品有：韩少功的《归去来》、《爸爸爸》、《女女女》，陆文夫的《美食家》，阿城的《棋王》、《树王》、《孩子王》（写庄禅精神）、《遍地风流》，张承志的《黑骏马》、《北方的河》，贾平凹的《古堡》、《远山野情》，李杭育的《最后一个渔佬儿》，《沙灶遗风》、《土地与神》，冯冀才的《神鞭》，王安忆的《小鲍庄》、《大刘庄》（写儒家的仁义精神）等。寻根文学的显著特点是：具有现代意识，以现代意识关注历史，反思传统文化，重铸民族灵魂，探寻中国文化重建的可能性；呈现出鲜明的地域特点；创作手法上传统和现代相融合。寻根文学标志着中国小说创作发生了重大的变化：一是文化意识的形成，改变了中国现代文学单一的政治视野；二是寻根文学中浪漫主义和现代主义的融合，打破了小说创作中现实主义的单一格局，在语言文体、隐喻象征、叙述方式、作品结构等方面都有所创新，表现了文学创作的自觉。局限是对于“根”的理解的静止性和非历史性，导致了一些作家一味的沉迷于古、俗、粗、野之中，表现出贵远贱近、向虚背实的倾向。

代表作有阿成的三王系列,韩少功的<爸爸爸>