英语教学法毕业论文提纲
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板
所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一
摘要 2-3
Abstract 3
引言 6-13
一、研究的背景 6-7
二、文献综述 7-11
(一) 国外研究状况 7-9
(二) 国内研究状况 9-11
三、研究方法 11-12
四、创新之处 12-13
第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22
一、相关概念的界定 13
二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14
(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13
(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14
三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18
(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15
(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16
(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18
四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22
(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19
(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22
第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38
一、调研设计 22-23
(一) 调研对象 22
(二) 调研方法 22
(三) 调研内容 22-23
二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38
(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25
(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27
(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34
(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38
第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46
一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41
(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39
(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40
(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40
(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40
(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46
第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54
一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51
(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48
(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50
(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54
(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51
(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52
(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52
(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52
(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54
结语 54-55
参考文献 55-59
致谢 59-60
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词： 习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
History
The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
Colours
Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
Literal Translation
Free Translation
Translation with Notes
Replacement with Similar Idioms
The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容，下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板，希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
英语专业的毕业论文提纲模板2017
英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板是怎样的呢?英语专业的毕业论文提纲的目的和意义是什么呢?下面是我分享的英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板，欢迎阅读!
一、目的和意义
英语专业的毕业论文写作是完成本科教学计划、实现本科培养目标的重要阶段;是对学生的英语实践技能、英语语言知识、经贸英语知识以及其他相关学科知识、全面素质、研究与创新能力进行检验考核的重要手段;是学生学士学位资格认证的重要依据;是衡量、评估英语专业教学质量与水平的重要内容之一。
二、选题原则
毕业论文选题应从本专业培养目标的要求出发，结合学科发展的动态和研究现状，尽可能使其具有发展与创新的空间，从而有利于巩固和拓宽学生的知识面，有利于对学生进行科研能力基本训练以及独立工作能力的培养。
毕业论文属于研究性论文，讲求一定的学术性，但其要求与目的有别于刊于学术杂志的学术论文，因而为确保学生在教学计划规定的时间内，在教师指导下完成所要求的工作，选题应遵循如下基本原则：
1、选题须符合教学大纲的基本要求和人才培养的基本规格，须体现专业训练的基本内容，须与所学的专业知识相衔接。
2、选题须充分考虑学生的语言能力、知识构成和专业兴趣。
3、选题的类型应多种多样，力求有益于学生综合运用多学科的理论知识与技能，有利于培养学生独立工作的能力。
4、选题须考虑完成的工作量与所需的时间应符合教学计划的要求，内容既要有探索、钻研的余地，又要考虑完成的可能性。工作量原则上应控制在经过努力能够在规定的时间内完成规定任务的范围内，以保证教学任务的完成。
三、类型及基本要求
英语专业毕业论文依据学术性质和类型不同应符合如下要求：
1、语言及语言学研究类论文
就本科毕业论文而言，纯语言研究无论在理论知识的储备上，还是在语料的收集上都有很大难度，不宜提倡。此类论文可以在语言结构(语音、语法、词汇、语篇等)，语言运用(独特的语言现象、语言手段、语言变化等)，语言文化(文化对语言理解、使用和学习的影响等)，两种语言对比等领域进行应用性的研究。应用性研究的重点在于如何运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，做出有参考或应用价值的结论。
2、文学评论类论文
此类论文应建立在对所评述的对象，尤其是文学文本的正确理解、解读的基础上，通过具体、细致、深入的分析与研究提出令人信服的、言之成理的结论。论文的形式可以是作家论、文学思潮或流派论、断代文学史论、文学批评介绍等。文学评论可采用不同的方法进行，如社会历史学的、美学与诗学的，也可以是比较的、文化学的方法。无论哪一种方法，都要求学生运用唯物主义与历史唯物主义的学术思想，要求以中国读者的评论视角与立场，进行具有一定新意的'探讨。
3、翻译研究类论文
此类论文可以是纯理论的研究，或具体翻译技巧的研究，或翻译与文化的关系(或与其他学科的关系)的研究，也可以由学生对名家名译做对比性研究，另加对作品本身的评述，对某一翻译理论或技巧进行阐述。
4、语言教学研究类论文
此类研究属交叉学科的研究，涉及语言学、心理语言学、社会语言学、教育学及教学法等，是一个十分广泛的研究领域。其研究范围包括语言研究(教师语言及学习者语言研究)，教学方法与技巧研究，课堂教学管理策略研究，学生个体差异研究，影响教学效果的外部条件研究，教育技术的使用与开发研究，教材的分析与评估研究，测试与评估研究，素质教育与外语教学等。此类研究无论从选题，还是方法，或是研究的过程以及结论都应具有应用的意义和价值，突出对语言教学的指导意义和作用。
5、经贸方向研究类论文
此类论文可以是经济、金融、财会、国际贸易、贸易法规、现代管理学等相关领域的纯理论或实证性研究，可结合所学相关经贸及管理类课程，运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，作出有参考或应用价值的结论。
四、任务及深度要求
毕业论文的主要内容包括：选题、开题报告、论文提纲、论文撰写、论文答辩等，其具体要求遵照《南京工程学院外语系毕业论文实施方法(试行)》相关规定;论文工作与所学专业知识相关，工作量饱满，满足学生一人一题的要求。论文用英文撰写，具有一定的创新性和应用性，正文篇幅在5，000词以上，参考文献8篇(种)以上。指导教师与学生定期见面，并填写《毕业论文指导记录》。
五、考核办法
毕业论文考核及成绩评定由三部分组成：
1、根据毕业论文撰写过程中学生分析、解决问题能力的表现，论文观点的新颖性，论文结构的合理性，论文论证的逻辑性，英语表达的正确性和地道性，以及学生的工作态度，指导教师给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
2、根据毕业论文的指导思想与方案制订的科学性，论文论据的充分性，论文的创见与突破性，论文的结构、文字表达情况，评阅老师给予满分为20分的成绩评定。
3、根据学生本人对论文工作的总体介绍，毕业论文的质量，答辩中回答问题的正确程度，英语语音、语调的规范性和流畅性，答辩小组给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
六、毕业论文时间分配
序号 内 容 时间(周)
1 完成开题报告及相关参考文献的选定工作 4
2 完成论文初稿的撰写 5
3 完成论文二稿的撰写 2
4 完成论文三稿的撰写并定稿 2
5 毕业论文答辩 1
合 计 14
七、其它说明
外语系毕业论文实行“末位淘汰制”，即综合评定成绩倒数1-3名的学生论文将被判定为不合格，学生无权获得学士学位。
contents
introduction………………………………………………………………1
common historical background……………………………………1
international………………………………………………………1
national…………………………………………………………1
common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2
rebellion against conventions……………………………………2
beats in literature………………………………………………2
rockers in music circles………………………………………3
ideologies in between……………………………………………4
beatniks were fed up with their government about
the explanations of why things happened……………………4
their same destiny……………………………………………4
beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by
both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5
belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5
beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6
rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6
identical lifestyles………………………………………………6
bohemian…………………………………………………………7
beats…………………………………………………………7
rockers………………………………………………………7
madness…………………………………………………………8
the beats regarded modern american life as cruel, selfish,
and impersonal that writers and artists were being driven
to madness……………………………………………………8
rockers were mad enough to drive rockniks crazy on
rock circus spot………………………………………………9
self-indulgent……………………………………………………9
drugs…………………………………………………………9
homosexual…………………………………………………10
4. the same conduct……………………………………………………10
beats of satan and angles………………………………………10
rockers' conduct of the two sides………………………………11
conclusion………………………………………………………………13
Why should we write the thesis?
To write a thesis before graduation is a must for every university graduate.
By writing a thesis, we may get some experience and some basic methods for further theoretical study and research and the ability to solve problems.
It is the reflection of a student’s study in college.
Whether a student has such an ability to write a thesis or to solve problems in his/her field is one basis for a unit to accept him/her or not.
How long should we prepare for writing a thesis?One year or so
What do we need when we write a thesis?
Firstly, for English major, most important of all, it is English knowledge and ability that based on your language skills, especially writing skill and grammar knowledge.
Secondly, the way of writing is also important.
A good title, some good ideas to support thesis statement, right language and standard format are what we need.
The language style is something that we should pay much attention to, for example:
Wording: we prefer big word to small one;
Sentence: Long sentences are quite expectable.
How do we write a thesis? How many steps should we follow?
Generally speaking, when we write a thesis, we follow 10 steps:
1. Choose a subject: that is, what you are going to write about. For English major, we may apply:
2. Choose a title/Title a paper;
3. Collect materials for reference in writing;
4. Analyze the collected materials;
5. Sort out the data and arguments;
6. List references;
7. Make up an outline;
8. 1—3 drafts;
9. Proofread;
10. The last version.
What subjects may we choose to write?
English and American Literature
The Practice and Theory of Translation
English Language
English Linguistics
English Grammar
English Phonetics
English Lexicology
English Rhetoric
Language and Culture
ELT Methodology
Teaching English in Middle School
English Teaching Research and Survey
The History of… (All mentioned above)
小学英语教学论文提纲
兴趣是一种潜在的素质，它能激发学生对学习活动产生心理上的爱好和追求倾向。因此，在英语教学中，必须不断创造能使学生产生浓厚兴趣的条件、环境和氛围，才能达到事半功倍的效果。 一、实践运用英语增强学习兴趣 要使学生对英语学习产生兴趣，除了从道理上宣传英语学习的重要性之外，还要积极创造条件和环境使学生尽可能多的使用英语，让他们在运用中尝到乐趣。比如教学单词时，尽量让学生全身参与学习活动，念到“jump”时不妨要求跳跃一下，念到“hand”时拍拍手，念到“foot”时跺跺脚。再如要求他们用所学知识互相问候等等。有时，也可以在平时的英语教学中通过多设计一些情景对话、组织一些游戏、开展英语课外活动等方式来创造英语学习环境，让学生在现实生活中运用学到的英语知识以提高学习英语的兴趣。 二、营造师生氛围培育学习兴趣 轻松愉快的学习氛围能使学生以愉快的心境学习、思考并获得知识，而营造轻松愉快的学习氛围有助于培养学生的学习兴趣。师生关系直接制约着学生的情感和意志，影响着他们的认知活动。例如，学生喜欢的教师一走进课堂，课堂气氛就显得活跃。而学生如对教师不喜欢、不信任，就会对之所教的课程产生厌学情绪。这就要求教师积极转变角色，重视情感投资，变知识的传播者为积极的参与者，真诚地投入教学，利用自己的经验和阅历，及时地为学生提供帮助，当好导演，把好语言关，以自己真挚的爱唤起学生的共鸣，使师生关系更加和谐融洽。从而使学生感到学英语是一件快乐的事。 三、变换教学形式保持学习兴趣 单一的形式容易导致大脑刺激的单调，使兴趣转化为抑制，降低学习效率。而小学生正处于活泼好动，喜欢变换的时期，再好的教学形式和练习形式，如果简单重复太多，学生也会兴趣锐减，降低学习效果。因此，小学英语教学应根据学生的好奇、好动、好玩、好胜等特点和发展的规律，采用多种形式，如做游戏、讲英语故事、听录音、观看幻灯、录像、进行有趣的比赛和角色扮演、猜谜语、唱英语歌曲等等。这些活动学生乐于参与，善于表现，又可促使他们自觉学习英语、运用英语。 四、体验成功喜悦激发学习兴趣 成功感是英语学习中非常宝贵的情感体验。它能极大地激起学生学习的兴趣和热情。教师应不断为学生创造成功的机会，让他们更多的品尝到成功的喜悦。当然，成功与否并无绝对标准，好的考试成绩，正确地回答了教师所提出的问题，圆满的完成了练习等等，这些点滴微小的成绩均可视为成功。
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容，下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板，希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
小学英语毕业论文提纲
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板
所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一
摘要 2-3
Abstract 3
引言 6-13
一、研究的背景 6-7
二、文献综述 7-11
(一) 国外研究状况 7-9
(二) 国内研究状况 9-11
三、研究方法 11-12
四、创新之处 12-13
第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22
一、相关概念的界定 13
二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14
(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13
(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14
三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18
(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15
(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16
(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18
四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22
(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19
(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22
第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38
一、调研设计 22-23
(一) 调研对象 22
(二) 调研方法 22
(三) 调研内容 22-23
二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38
(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25
(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27
(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34
(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38
第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46
一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41
(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39
(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40
(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40
(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40
(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46
第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54
一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51
(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48
(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50
(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54
(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51
(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52
(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52
(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52
(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54
结语 54-55
参考文献 55-59
致谢 59-60
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词： 习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
History
The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
Colours
Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
Literal Translation
Free Translation
Translation with Notes
Replacement with Similar Idioms
The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
初中英语任务型阅读教学模式[摘要]：本文论述了构建初中英语任务型阅读课堂教学模式的指导思想及理论依据，并结合自己的教学经验总结出了一个教学模式----初中任务型阅读教学模式[关键词]：初中英语；任务；阅读；教学模式；一． 问题的提出长期以来,我国中学英语阅读教学普遍采取的是以教师为中心的、传递接受式的传统课堂教学模式。课堂教学以教师为中心,教师的讲解占去了课堂的大部分时间,学生在学习过程中基本上处于被动学习状态。学生缺乏自主学习、合作探究的积极性,学习上缺少主动性和创造性。英语阅读课教学过程侧重知识结论,忽视知识过程与能力的培养，学生的学习局限于书本知识之内。而现行的《英语课程标准》倡导以任务型教学为主要教学模式，教学以具体任务为学习动力或动机，以完成任务的过程为学习的过程，以展示任务成果的方式（而不是以测试的分数）来体现教学的成就，以达到培养学生的自主学习、合作探究的学习能力和语言综合应用能力。而且新课标在进行听、说、读、写综合训练的同时,侧重培养阅读能力。阅读能力是学习能力的核心,在各种形式的阅读理解中获取资料和信息,这是学生学习与发展的主要途径。阅读的目的, 不仅是要欣赏,更重要的是获取信息，并利用信息解决问题。那么如何将阅读教学与任务型教学结合起来呢？笔者根据现行初中英语教材中阅读课文是各单元教学的核心，容量大、密度高、话题广、课时紧的情况结合任务型教学途径。在教学实践中，构建了一种“提出任务—前期任务---任务环（限时自读—导读—复读）—完成任务—任务评价”的基本课堂任务型阅读教学模式，以“任务”来驱动学生课堂英语学习的积极性，创设各种机会和条件，让学生在真实的任务情境下参与语言的实践活动，不断提高他们的语言运用能力。二．理论依据1、克拉申的语言输入假说理论著名语言教育理论家克拉申(Krashen，1985)认为在语言的习得过程中，教师应为学生提供足够的可理解的语言输入(Comprehensible Input)。这些语言输入应该为学习者所理解或者适合学习者的水平，既不能太难，也不能太易，应该比学习者当前的语言水平稍高一点的语言材料，学习者可以通过上下文的线索，通过运用已掌握的语言知识对语言材料进行理解。除此以外，这些输入应该既有趣，又有关联，且有足够的输入量，要让学生在轻松愉快、心理障碍最小的环境中自然习得语言，这样语言输入才能更有效的被大脑吸收，产生良好的学习效果。2、斯温纳的语言输出假说理论可理解的语言输入只是语言学习的一部分，除此以外，学习者还必须有机会使用所学语言，也就是进行语言输出活动，才有可能达到类似母语者的水平。对于克拉申提出的输入假说理论，斯温纳(M. Swain)等许多学者也都提出了他们不同的看法，即提出了输出假说(Output Hypothesis):她认为语言输出在语言习得过程中也有着显著作用。她通过沉浸实验表明，尽管学生经过几年的浸泡，但他们并没有获得如本族语者那种语言的产生能力。她认为，造成这样的原因在于学生在课堂中没有足够的机会去练习使用所学语言，即没有进行足够的语言输出活动。她还认为，语言输出活动的目的不仅仅是使学生练习运用语言，增强使用语言的流利性，而且也能使学习者发现到自己在使用语言时所存在的问题，以便改正。3． 任务型教学（Task-Based Learning , 简称TBL）是80年代外语教学法研究者和第二语言习得研究者在大量研究和实践的基础上提出来的又一个有重要影响的语言教学途径。它以具体任务为学习动力或动机，以完成任务的过程为学习的过程，以展示任务成果的方式（而不是以测试的分数）来体现教学的成就。英国语言学家Jane Willis指出任务学习法理论框架包括三个部分：前期任务(pre - task)，任务环（ task - cycle） 和语言关键点（language focus）4．建构主义认为，知识不是通过教师传授得到，而是学习者在一定的情境即社会文化背景下，借助其他人（包括教师和学习伙伴）的帮助，利用必要的学习资料，通过建构意义的方式而获得。三、任务型阅读教学模式设境激趣导入任务呈现新知学法指导自读讨论教师导读协作交流完成任务汇报成果总结反馈本文将以初三第八单元第三课时为例对此模式进行阐述。本单元是学习如何提供帮助，本节课是该单元的第三个课时，学生对如何提供帮助已有一个初步了解。本节课是阅读应用课，主题是如何将自己的爱好与帮助别人结合起来。(一) 设境激趣, 导入任务对于任务型英语阅读教学,教师要明确学生阅读的内容、方向,并给出指导性意见。教师应根据教学进度的要求,结合所学的内容确立英语阅读课的主题。同时,英语语言学习总是与一定的社会文化背景即情景相联系。在英语阅读课上,“情”包含在阅读课文的内容中,“景 ”是课文内容所构成的整体画面在阅读教学中成功创设的教学情境。教师应充分利用辅助教学手段以及学生的生活背景，为学生的英语阅读创设一种接近真实的学习环境。该课的任务的导入：首先让学生根据教师播放的多媒体课件上的字母H, E, L, P猜测一个单词---Help。然后点明主题：本节课的任务是继续学习如何提供帮助-----帮助你我建立一个更美好的校园。但为了完成该任务，首先必须学习一些新知识。（二）呈现新知, 学法指导1． 该课语言点的导入：通过复习一组提供帮助的途径（如罗纳尔蒂奥帮助患白血病的儿童，自愿者帮助老人，在粮食救济中心分发粮食以及照顾无家可归的动物等）引出兽医veterinarian这个单词。并由我校去年组织的非常有影响的活动----成长心连心 (Heart Chorus)引出下面一系列的语言点：1）Put ……to use2）a major ）not only… but….4) coachThe volunteers came from different cities to help us. organize the activity. It was a major commitment. Not only the students but were the teachers and the parents moved that day . They put their loves to good use by helping others……2．本节课活动1-------做调查，调查同伴的爱好以及根据其爱好选择能帮助别人的事。学生完成该活动后作调查汇报。学生在进行多角度地观察、理解、整合的过程中,必然会遇到各类具体的细节问题,而教师的指导不可能也没必要面面俱到。因此,学生分组协作交流是学生自主学习的有效补充,WholovesCan helpJimsoccerHelp coach the kids（三）自读讨论，教师导读1．本节课的阅读任务1------读短文，找出三个自愿者的爱好以及他们运用自己的爱好所做的事，读完后小组讨论，检查答案。在这一环节要求学生完成自读，借助教师准备的可检测学生整体理解的问题初步理解全文内容。WholovesCan helpLi HuipingLin PeiZhu Ming这一环节可以是小组内的交流活动，也可以是全班同学围绕某中心问题展开的课堂讨论。通过互动交流,学生对所阅读的内容有了更进一步的理解。然后老师再做评价。2．教师导读：学生再次阅读，找出疑难问题，教师帮助解决。在这一环节教师作为指导者应通过多种方式和途径，着重训练学生的阅读技巧,引导学生抓住中心和关键，把握全文，理清思路，并帮助学生扫清理解障碍，并提高阅读能力。本环节通过多媒体课件呈现疑难问题并讨论学生提出的其他疑难问题：1). Sth takes sb. some time to do ) It takes sb. some time to do ). Sb. spend some time on/ in doing sth.（四）．协作交流，完成任务在这一环节，教师组织学生根据前期获得信息进行小组讨论，发挥合作学习的优势，不同视角观之间的相互砒砺与补充，完善任务成果。本堂课在该环节开展了以下两个活动：1．检查家庭作业-----调查学校存在的问题。以小组为单位竞赛，看哪一组列出的问题最多，并将问题板书在黑板上。2．让学生以小组为单位根据列出的问题，结合自己的爱好，完成本节课的任务--------帮助你我建立一个更美好的校园，做一个解决问题的方案。（五）汇报成果，总结反馈本部分主要让学生根据各组情况汇报成果并进行评价。评价主要由学生的自我评价、同伴评价、集体评价和教师评价等组成。教师几个小组成员对其它组的成果进行评价，评出最佳方案。学生通过作品的展示，不同视角观之间的相互砒砺与补充，完善、加深了对该堂课的理解。然后教师总结本节课的内容，并打出幻灯片，号召学生伸出援助之手帮助别人，同时播放杰克逊的歌曲------《拯救世界》引起学生的共鸣。Become a volunteer todayMake our school a better place for you and for meMake the world a better place for you and for me.四，教后感本节课以“任务”来驱动学生课堂英语学习的积极性，创设各种机会和条件，让学生在真实的任务情境下参与语言的实践活动，不断提高他们的语言运用能力。有了任务，学生的思维、直觉和想象就会遵循一定的方向展开，心智活动就会少阻滞、多流畅，就会在较少的时间内表达较多的思想；有了任务，语言学习就能从知识的讲解和规则的理解，发展到意义的表达和能力的培养。在这同时教师充分运用多媒体课件创设情境，帮助学生建立阅读图式，提高阅读能力。使阅读的目的不仅是欣赏,更重要的是获取信息，并利用信息解决问题。而将任务与阅读结合，使阅读有了新的意义。参考文献[1] Crookes, G. 1986. Task classification: A Cross-disciplinary Review ()[2] Ellis R. Second Language Acquisition [M] 上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000[3] 陈书元,尹满成. 学生中心教学模式[J].中小学英语教学与研究,.[4] 何克抗. 建构主义革新传统教学的理论基础[C].全国教育科学/九!五0规划课题/运用现代教育技术,优化教育过程提高师生素质资料,1999.[5] 黄若妤. 建构主义与多媒体外语教学模式[J].外语电化教学,..[6] 张建伟，陈琦“从认知主义到建构主义”， 《北京师范大学学报》，1996,(4)[7] 中华人民共和国教育部.普通高中英语课程标准(实验)[S].北京:人民教育出版社,2004.[8] 左焕琪 外语教育展望 [M] 华东师范大学出版社 20
一年级可以用那种小的英语本每天用拼音写一句话的日记，我当时老师就是这样要求的，可以让家长帮这写上汉字，如果孩子识字比较多，可以自己写汉字.写什么都行，最好是有趣的、生活中观察到的.主要可以培养孩子的观察能力、造句能力，还能练拼音.二年级可以每天用几句话写简短的日记，不要求多，可以配上图，为了培养写作的兴趣.三年级开始可以写比较完整的小作文了，200字为佳.记生活中的点点滴滴，要注重观察，不要抑制孩子独特的想象，各种文体都可以尝试下.
教学方法毕业论文提纲
编写提纲的步骤：(一)确定论文提要，再加进材料，形成全文的概要论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来，再把选用的材料插进去，就形成了论文内容的提要。(二)原稿纸页数的分配写好毕业论文的提要之后，要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短，文章的各个部分，大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文，考虑序论用1页，本论用17页，结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配，如本论共有四项，可以第一项3—4页，第二项用4—5页，第三项3—4页，第四项6—7页。有这样的分配，便于资料的配备和安排，写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字，因为过短，问题很难讲透，而作为毕业论文也不宜过长，这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。(三)编写提纲论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的，只提示论文的要点，如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单，但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的，写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备，边想边写很难顺利地写下去。以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，简单提纲可以写成下面这样：如何落笔拟定毕业论文提纲呢?首先要把握拟定毕业论文提纲的原则，为此要掌握如下四个方面：(一)要有全局观念，从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰当，篇幅的长短是否合适，每一部分能否为中心论点服务。比如有一篇论文论述企业深化改革与稳定是辩证统一的，作者以浙江××市某企业为例，说只要干部在改革中以身作则，与职工同甘共苦，可以取得多数职工的理解。从全局观念分折，我们就可以发现这里只讲了企业如何改革才能稳定，没有论述通过深化改革，转换企业经营机制，提高了企业经济效益，职工收入增加，最终达到社会稳定。(二)从中心论点出发，决定材料的取舍，把与主题无关或关系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍弃，尽管这些材料是煞费苦心费了不少劳动搜集来的。有所失，才能有所得。一块毛料寸寸宝贵，台不得剪裁去，也就缝制不成合身的衣服。为了成衣，必须剪裁去不需要的部分。所以，我们必须时刻牢记材料只是为形成自己论文的论点服务的，离开了这一点，无论是多少好的材料都必须舍得抛弃。(三)要考虑各部分之间的逻辑关系。初学撰写论文的人常犯的毛病，是论点和论据没有必然联系，有的只限于反复阐述论点，而缺乏切实有力的论据；有的材料一大堆，论点不明确；有的各部分之间没有形成有机的逻辑关系，这样的毕业论文都是不合乎要求的，这样的毕业论文是没有说服力的。为了有说服力，必须有虚有实，有论点有例证，理论和实际相结合，论证过程有严密的逻辑性，拟提纲时特别要注意这一点，检查这一点。
一、毕业论文(设计)的装订顺序依次为封面、诚信承诺书、目录、中文摘要与中文关键词、英文摘要与英文关键词、正文、注释(可选)、参考文献、致谢。二、毕业论文(设计说明书)编写要求1、封面(采用学校统一印制的封面纸)具体内容包括:题目名称、系别、专业名称、班级、学生姓名、学号、指导教师和论文完成时间等。题目名称应简短、明确、有概括性，必要时可加副标题。字数一般不宜超过20个汉字。(注意封面题目与论文正文的题目要一致)2、诚信承诺书诚信承诺书要单独一页，背面空白。3、目录目录按毕业论文(设计说明书)顺序分三级层次编写，要标明页数，以便阅读。目录中的标题应与正文中的标题一致。4、摘要摘要是毕业论文(设计说明书)内容的简短陈述，应以简要文字介绍研究课题的目的、方法、主要内容及主要结果或结论，字数约为300~500字。摘要前以“[摘要]”作为标识。5、关键词关键词是反映毕业论文(设计说明书)最主要内容的词语或术语。关键词数量一般为3~5个。关键词前以“[关键词]”作为标识，关键词之间用“;”分隔。(中文标题、摘要、关键词与英文标题、摘要、关键词各占一页，详见《论文格式》)6、引言或前言等可选内容，笔者认为有必要可写则写，不写亦可。7、正文正文应充分阐明毕业论文(设计说明书)的观点、原理、方法等。正文应分层深入，逐层剖析，并按层设分层标题并编号。标题序次结构采用下列形式:(1)经济管理类毕业论文用:一、(一)1.(1)①……依此类推(2)理工设计类毕业设计和外语类毕业论文用:……依此类推注释主要对文中某一特定内容作必要的解释或说明，可夹在文内(加圆括号)，也可排在页末或篇末。序号用带圆圈的阿拉伯数字表示。正文中引述他人的观点、统计数据或计算公式应注明出处，并尽量在句末右上角标注参考文献的编号。毕业论文(设计说明书)中的表格应统一编序(如:表4)，也可以逐章单独编序(如:表2-3)。表格编序必须连续，不得重复或跳跃。表格的结构应简洁。各栏都应标注量和相应的单位。表格内数字须上下对齐，相邻栏内的数值相同时，不能用“同上”、“同左”和其它类似用词，应一一重新标注。表的标题和序号置于表格上方中间位置。插图应连续编序(如:图5)，也可以逐章单独编序(如:图3-8)，图的序号必须连续，不得重复或跳跃。图的标题和序号置于图下方中间位置。标点符号应符合GB/T15834-1995《标点符号用法》的规定。量的单位应符合国务院《关于我国统一实行法定计量单位的命令》等文件的规定。毕业论文(设计说明书)中测量、统计的数据一律用阿拉伯数字。公历的年、月、日一律用阿拉伯数字，如:2009年4月5日，农历的年、月、日一律用汉字，如:二〇〇九年四月十七日。经济管理类论文正文字数原则上不少于6000字，外语专业用外文撰写的毕业论文正文字数不少于3000字。8、参考文献参考文献反映了毕业论文(设计说明书)的参考材料来源。引用文献必须在文中引用处体现出来，并按顺序编号。所列参考文献资料来源不得少于6项。常用参考文献的书写格式如下:⑴期刊:[序号]作者.题名[J].期刊名称，出版年份，卷号(期号):起止页码.⑵书籍:[序号]著者.书名[M].版次(第一版应省略).出版地:出版者，出版年份:起止页码.⑶论文集:[序号]著者.题名[C].编者.论文集名.出版地:出版者，出版年份:起止页码.⑷学位论文:[序号]作者.题名[D].保存地.保存单位，年份.⑸专利文献:[序号]专利所有者.专利题名[P].专利国别:专利号，发布日期.⑹国际、国家标准:[序号]标准代号，标准名称[S].出版地:出版者，出版年份.⑺报纸文章:[序号]作者.题名[N].报纸名，出版日期及期号(版次).⑻电子文献:[序号]作者.电子文献题名[EB/OL].电子文献的出版或可获得地址，发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选).9、致谢主要对在完成毕业论文(设计)过程中给予帮助较大的指导老师、领导、同学等表示谢意，字数一般不超过500字。三、毕业论文(设计说明书)的排版格式要求1、排版要求为:页面统一采用A4纸，页边距为左，上、下、右均为2cm。毕业论文在左侧装订。2、“目录”二字用小二号黑体，字间空一个汉字，居中;目录内容采用小四号宋体，倍行距，下空一行为各层次标题及其开始页码，页码放在行末，目录内容和页码之间用虚线或点连接。往下另起一页接“题目”及“摘要”。3、论文题目为二号黑体字，居中。论文题目下空一行打印摘要，“摘要”二字为小四号黑体，居左排列，摘要内容为小四号宋体倍行距。摘要内容下空一行打印关键词，“关键词”为小四号黑体，其后具体关键词采用小四号宋体，各关键词间用“;”分隔，结束不用标点符号。中文的“摘要”、“关键词”内容与英文的“摘要”、“关键词”内容要单独分页打印装订。4、标题:第一层次标题以小二号黑体，居中打印，标题下空一行;第二层次标题，以小四号黑体居左空两个汉字字符排列;第三层次标题，以小四号黑体居左空两个汉字字符排列等。5、正文:采用小四号宋字体、行间距为倍行距，页码设置为页脚1厘米，居中排列。6、图、表的题名为小四号宋字体。7、“注释”小三号黑体，居中排列，字间空一个汉字字符。“注释”各项内容用小四号仿宋字体，倍行距。注释排在正文篇末空两行。8、“参考文献”用小三号黑体，居中排列。参考文献各项内容用小四号仿宋字体，倍行距。“参考文献”要单独一页排版。9、致谢“致谢”小三号黑体，居中排列，字间空一个汉字字符。致谢内容要单独一页排版。四、打印要求所有材料要求单面打印。
编写提纲的步骤：(一)确定论文提要，再加进材料，形成全文的概要论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来，再把选用的材料插进去，就形成了论文内容的提要。(二)原稿纸页数的分配写好毕业论文的提要之后，要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短，文章的各个部分，大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文，考虑序论用1页，本论用17页，结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配，如本论共有四项，可以第一项3—4页，第二项用4—5页，第三项3—4页，第四项6—7页。有这样的分配，便于资料的配备和安排，写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字，因为过短，问题很难讲透，而作为毕业论文也不宜过长，这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。(三)编写提纲论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的，只提示论文的要点，如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单，但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的，写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备，边想边写很难顺利地写下去。以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，简单提纲可以写成下面这样：一、序论二、本论(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件(二)目前建筑劳动力市场的基本现状(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策三、结论详细提纲，是把论文的主要论点和展开部分较为详细地列出来。如果在写作之前准备了详细提纲，那么，执笔时就能更顺利。下面仍以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，介绍详细提纲的写法：一、序论1．提出中心论题；2，说明写作意图。二、本论(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件1．市场经济体制的确立，为建筑劳动力市场的产生创造了宏观环境；2．建筑产品市场的形成，对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求；3．城乡体制改革的深化，为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证；4．建筑劳动力市场的建立，是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。(二)目前建筑劳动力市场的基本现状1．供大于求的买方市场；2，有市无场的隐形市场；3．易进难出的畸形市场；4，交易无序的自发市场。(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策1．统一思想认识，变自发交易为自觉调控；2．加快建章立制，变无序交易为规范交易；3．健全市场网络，变隐形交易为有形交易；4．调整经营结构，变个别流动为队伍流动；5，深化用工改革，变单向流动为双向流动。三、结论1，概述当前的建筑劳动力市场形势和我们的任务；2．呼应开头的序言。上面所说的简单提纲和详细提纲都是论文的骨架和要点，选择哪一种，要根据作者的需要。如果考虑周到，调查详细，用简单提纲问题不是很大；但如果考虑粗疏，调查不周，则必须用详细提纲，否则，很难写出合格的毕业论文。总之，在动手撰写毕业’论文之前拟好提纲，写起来就会方便得多。三、毕业论文提纲的拟定如何落笔拟定毕业论文提纲呢?首先要把握拟定毕业论文提纲的原则，为此要掌握如下四个方面：(一)要有全局观念，从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰当，篇幅的长短是否合适，每一部分能否为中心论点服务。比如有一篇论文论述企业深化改革与稳定是辩证统一的，作者以浙江××市某企业为例，说只要干部在改革中以身作则，与职工同甘共苦，可以取得多数职工的理解。从全局观念分折，我们就可以发现这里只讲了企业如何改革才能稳定，没有论述通过深化改革，转换企业经营机制，提高了企业经济效益，职工收入增加，最终达到社会稳定。(二)从中心论点出发，决定材料的取舍，把与主题无关或关系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍弃，尽管这些材料是煞费苦心费了不少劳动搜集来的。有所失，才能有所得。一块毛料寸寸宝贵，台不得剪裁去，也就缝制不成合身的衣服。为了成衣，必须剪裁去不需要的部分。所以，我们必须时刻牢记材料只是为形成自己论文的论点服务的，离开了这一点，无论是多少好的材料都必须舍得抛弃。(三)要考虑各部分之间的逻辑关系。初学撰写论文的人常犯的毛病，是论点和论据没有必然联系，有的只限于反复阐述论点，而缺乏切实有力的论据；有的材料一大堆，论点不明确；有的各部分之间没有形成有机的逻辑关系，这样的毕业论文都是不合乎要求的，这样的毕业论文是没有说服力的。为了有说服力，必须有虚有实，有论点有例证，理论和实际相结合，论证过程有严密的逻辑性，拟提纲时特别要注意这一点，检查这一点。下面再简单阐述一下编写毕业论文提纲的方法：1．先拟标题；2．写出总论点；3．考虑全篇总的安排：从几个方面，以什么顺序来论述总论点，这是论文结构的骨架；4．大的项目安排妥当之后，再逐个考虑每个项目的下位论点，直到段一级，写出段的论点句(即段旨)；5．依次考虑各个段的安排，把准备使用的材料按顺序编码，以便写作时使用；6．全面检查，作必要的增删。在编写毕业论文提纲时还要注意：第一，编写毕业论文提纲有两种方法：一是标题式写法。即用简要的文字写成标题，把这部分的内容概括出来。这种写法简明扼要，一目了然，但只有作者自己明白。毕业论文提纲一般不能采用这种方法编写．二是句子式写法。即以一个能表达完整意思的句子形式把该部分内容概括出来。这种写法具体而明确，别人看了也能明了，但费时费力。毕业论文的提纲编写要交与指导教师阅读，所以，要求采用这种编写方法。第二，提纲写好后，还有一项很重要的工作不可疏忽，这就是提纲的推敲和修改，这种推敲和修改要把握如下几点。一是推敲题目是否恰当，是否合适；二是推敲提纲的结构。先围绕所要阐述的中心论点或者说明的主要议题，检查划分的部分、层次和段落是否可以充分说明问题，是否合乎道理；各层次、段落之间的联系是否紧密，过渡是否自然。然后再进行客观总体布局的检查，再对每一层次中的论述秩序进行“微调”。第三，毕业论文写作一般要求提纲拟到以下层次--------------------------------------------------------------------------------总论点{{{1.(称段旨)(一)(称下位论点)2.一、(称上位论点)......(二)......二、......--------------------------------------------------------------------------------(四)毕业论文的基本结构由序论、本论、结论三大部分组成。序论、结论这两部分在提纲中部应比较简略。本论则是全文的重点，是应集中笔墨写深写透的部分，因此在提纲上也要列得较为详细。本论部分至少要有两层标准，层层深入，层层推理，以便体现总论点和分论点的有机结合，把论点讲深讲透。参考资料：
毕业论文提纲（范文）：
标题：论中学教师对新课程改革的不适应性及应对策略
［摘要］ 基础教育新课程改革缘起于社会发展与课程功能滞后、素质教育与课程运作流弊、价值转型与课程旨趣单向等方面的矛盾动因。
在这种背景下的新课程改革，给中小学教师带来了很大的不适，主要有教师的角色转换、教师的视角转换、教师的教学方式、学生的学习方式等方面所引起的心里不适，针对新课程改革中教师这些心理不适，给出教师的自身努力、学校的策略和社会支持等三种应对策略。
［关键词］基础教育；新课程改革；教师；心里不适；应对策略
［引言］：随着新课程改革的进行，也有很多的专家、教师意识到了这个问题，并对它展开了研究。但由于传统教育它的真的是根深蒂固，要想一下子改变是非常难，研究也没有太深入的进行。因为课程的改革是势在必行的，教师只有去适应它的变化，适应社会的发展，才能让自己更好的发展。
那么，跟着这个趋势，我们的研究将会越来越来剥出真相，更能掌握住新课程改革的真是目的，提高我国的教育质量和水平。本文主要就对教师的这些心理不适应进行分析，并提出一些相应的应对策略，总结其经验教训，以此给一些处在这种状况下的教师做些参考。
［正文］
一引言
基础教育新课程改革时代背景
社会发展与课程功能滞后
素质教育与课程运作流弊
价值转型与课程旨趣单向
二教师对新课程改革的不适应性
教师对由居高临下向平等融洽的角色转变的心里不适
教师对视角的转换的不适应
教师对新的教学方式的心里不适
教师对学生的新学习方式的心里不适应
教师对自我的心里不适
三应对新课程改革中教师心理不适的策略
教师的自身努力层面
教师要关注自身在新课改中的教师转换
提高教学监控能力
正视自己，提高自信，完善自我
学校策略层面
学校管理策略
学校的培训策略
学校的交流策略
社会支持层面
加快教师专业化进程
建立科学的教师评价体系
要理解和尊重教师
四结束语
附：提纲编写要求
1.合理的项目
一般在论文题目之下，编写出两个或三个层次的小项目。
2.采用有效地编写论文提纲的方法
其方法主要是：
（1)拟定标题，即自己给论文起名字。它要求标题能传内容之神，名副其实，使读者看了一眼便知。
（2)考虑构篇大小和顺序安排，既考虑全篇从哪几个方面，或按什么顺序展开、阐述基本论点，又逐个安排每个论点，再依次考虑每段的安排，把准备使用的材料按构思的顺序标上序码并排列好，以备行文时使用。
（3)全面、反复地检查提纲，作必要的增、减或调整。
3.编写内容详简适当的论文提纲
提纲分简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲的内容只包括论文题目、下位论点。而详细提纲除此之外，还包括论证下位论点的各种证据。一般说来，宜编写详细提纲。因为编写这种提纲，一则能帮助自己全面地进行谋篇布局，二则能帮助自己在写作过程中有条不紊地进行。
英语语言学教育论文提纲模板
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板
所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一
摘要 2-3
Abstract 3
引言 6-13
一、研究的背景 6-7
二、文献综述 7-11
(一) 国外研究状况 7-9
(二) 国内研究状况 9-11
三、研究方法 11-12
四、创新之处 12-13
第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22
一、相关概念的界定 13
二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14
(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13
(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14
三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18
(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15
(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16
(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18
四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22
(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19
(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22
第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38
一、调研设计 22-23
(一) 调研对象 22
(二) 调研方法 22
(三) 调研内容 22-23
二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38
(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25
(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27
(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34
(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38
第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46
一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41
(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39
(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40
(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40
(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40
(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46
第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54
一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51
(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48
(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50
(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54
(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51
(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52
(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52
(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52
(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54
结语 54-55
参考文献 55-59
致谢 59-60
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词： 习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
History
The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
Colours
Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
Literal Translation
Free Translation
Translation with Notes
Replacement with Similar Idioms
The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
英语专业的论文提纲模板
导语：在毕业论文的.写作过程中，指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲，它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备；从提纲本身来讲，它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板，欢迎参考借鉴！
Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason
Background of Gone with the Wind
Author's Life and Emotional Experience
Development of the Feminist Movement
Influence of Economic Crisis
Background of the Translator
Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept
Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style
Selection and Use of Words
Symbolthe Usage of Idioms
Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication
Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction
' Logic and Combination
's Device and Style
's Transition
, Slangs and Fixed Collocations
Identity
of Narrative Style
Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style
Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason
Significance
Significance
' Effort
Conclusion
This article conclusion
Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.
Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.
In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容，下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板，希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61