关于企业文化的论文5000字开头

关于企业文化的论文5000字开头

企业文化，是指一个企业在长期生产经营过程中，把企业内部全体员工结合在一起的理想信念、价值观念、管理制度、行为准则和道德规范的总和。它以全体员工为对象，通过宣传、教育、培训和文化娱乐、交心联谊等方式，以最大限度地统一员工意志，规范员工行为，凝聚员工力量，为企业总目标服务。企业文化能够激发和凝聚员工的归属感、积极性、主动性和创造性，是企业的灵魂和精神支柱。实践表明，企业文化渗透于企业的组织结构、规章制度和员工行为之中，是现代企业的灵魂和持久动力。其作用主要有：导向作用。企业的管理理念、规章制度、企业精神、行为规范等能引导员工的行为取向，能把企业员工的行为动机引导到企业目标上来，为解决企业目标与个人目标、领导者与被领导者之间的矛盾等，开辟了一条现实可行的道路。企业目标是引导员工统一行动的一面旗帜，使广大员工明了企业追求的目标，也就深刻地认识到自身工作的意义，并为此作出不懈的努力和奉献。因此，在制定企业目标时，应该融进企业员工的事业心和成就感。约束作用。当企业中个别员工的行为与企业中约定俗成的东西不一致时，这种氛围的感染力便会对他造成一种压力，使他不得不与大多数人趋同，进而调整自己的思想行为，以达到与企业整体环境的协调一致。凝聚作用。是指从企业的各个方面，将其成员团结起来，形成一种向心集中、聚合、凝结的合力。激励作用。企业文化的核心是确立共同的价值观念，员工满足物质需要的同时，也渴望得到精神需要的满足。员工作出较大贡献和业绩时，企业应给予物质奖励和精神鼓励。通过树立榜样，立典型、评先进、营造良好的企业风气，有利于对广大员工形成深刻而持久的激励作用。调适作用。是指它可以为企业员工创造一种良好的环境和氛围的功能和能力。辐射作用。企业文化不仅在本企业发挥作用，而且还不断向社会发散和辐射各种企业信息，使人们对企业的名称、标识、产品、服务等有一个较为完整的认识，有助于在公众中树立良好的企业形象，增强企业的美誉度和消费者对其的信任度。更多企业文化相关内容你可以浏览标语大师网！！

管理的目的是效率。管理的核心是人。企业稳定持续的发展，要提高核心竞争力。核心竞争力企业核心竞争力，本来就是体现在特定的能力上。而这种能力本身又可以视为多种能力的聚合，因而是完全可以分解的。企业核心竞争力，从其具体体现形式分析，可大体分解为十个内容，称之为十大竞争力。 　　（1）决策竞争力。 　　（2）组织竞争力。 　　（3）员工竞争力。 　　（5）文化竞争力。 　　（6）品牌竞争力。 　　（7）渠道竞争力。 　　　（8）价格竞争力。 　　　　（9）伙伴竞争力。 　　　　（10）创新竞争力。

企业文化，或称组织文化（Corporate Culture或Organizational Culture），是一个组织由其价值观、信念、仪式、符号、处事方式等组成的其特有的文化形象。企业文化是企业的灵魂，是推动企业发展的不竭动力。它包含着非常丰富的内容，其核心是企业的精神和价值观。 因为企业文化有以下功能，所以要培养企业文化: 一、企业文化的功能 （一）企业文化具有导向功能 所谓导向功能就是通过它对企业的领导者和职工起引导作用。企业文化的导向功能主要体现在以下二个方面。 经营哲学和价值观念的指导 经营哲学决定了企业经营的思维方式和处理问题的法则，这些方式和法则指导经营者进行正确的决策，指导员工采用科学的方法从事生产经营活动。企业共同的价值观念规定了企业的价值取向，使员工对事物的评判形成共识，有着共同的价值目标，企业的领导和员工为着他们所认定的价值目标去行动。美国学者托马斯·彼得斯和小罗伯特·沃特曼在《寻求优势》一书中指出“我们研究的所有优秀公司都很清楚他们的主张是什么，并认真建立和形成了公司的价值准则。事实上，一个公司缺乏明确的价值准则或价值观念不正确，我们则怀疑它是否有可能获得经营上的成功。” 企业目标的指引 企业目标代表着企业发展的方向，没有正确的目标就等于迷失了方向。完美的企业文化会从实际出发，以科学的态度去制立企业的发展目标，这种目标一定具有可行性和科学性。企业员工就是在这一目标的指导下从事生产经营活动。 （二）企业文化的约束功能 企业文化的约束功能主要是通过完善管理制度和道德规范来实现。 有效规章制度的约束 企业制度是企业文化的内容之一。企业制度是企业内部的法规，企业的领导者和企业职工必须遵守和执行，从而形成约束力。 道德规范的约束 道德规范是从伦理关系的角度来约束企业领导者和职工的行为。如果人们违背了道德规范的要求，就会受到舆论的遣责，心理上会感到内疚。同仁堂药店“济世养生、精益求精、童叟无欺、一视同仁”的道德规范约束着全体员工必须严格按工艺规程操作，严格质量管理，严格执行纪律。 （三）企业文化的凝聚功能 企业文化以人为本，尊重人的感情，从而在企业中造成了一种团结友爱、相互信任的和睦气氛，强化了团体意识，使企业职工之间形成强大的凝聚力和向心力。共同的价值观念形成了共同的目标和理想，职工把企业看成是一个命运共同体，把本职工作看成是实现共同目标的重要组成部分，整个企业步调一致，形成统一的整体。这时，“厂兴我荣，厂衰我耻”成为职工发自内心的真挚感情，“爱厂如家”就会变成他们的实际行动。 （四）企业文化的激励功能 共同的价值观念使每个职工都感到自己存在和行为的价值，自我价值的实现是人的最高精神需求的一种满足，这种满足必将形成强大的激励。在以人为本的企业文化氛围中，领导与职工、职工与职工之间互相关心，互相支持。特别是领导对职工的关心，职工会感到受人尊重，自然会振奋精神，努力工作。另外，企业精神和企业形象对企业职工有着极大的鼓舞作用，特别是企业文化建设取得成功，在社会上产生影响时，企业职工会产生强烈的荣誉感和自豪感，他们会加倍努力，用自己的实际行动去维护企业的荣誉和形象。 （五）调适功能 调适就是调整和适应。企业各部门之间、职工之间，由于各种原因难免会产生一些矛盾，解决这些矛盾需要各自进行自我调节；企业与环境、与顾客、与企业、与国家、与社会之间都会存在不协调、不适应之处，这也需要进行调整和适应。企业哲学和企业道德规范使经营者和普通员工能科学地处理这些矛盾，自觉地约束自己。完美的企业形象就是进行这些调节的结果。调适功能实际也是企业能动作用的一种表现。 （六）辐射功能 文化力不止在企业起作用，它也能通过各种渠道对社会产生影响。文化力辐射的渠道很多，主要包括传播媒体，公共关系活动等。

如果能根据《素书》提炼出观点，写一篇论文。应该是个比较新颖的东西

关于企业管理的论文5000字开头

1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。　　2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）　　3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。　　4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。　　主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。　　5、论文正文：　　（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义， 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。　　〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：　　提出-论点；　　分析问题-论据和论证；　　解决问题-论证与步骤；　　结论。　　6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。　　中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：　　（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。　　（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

一般5000字数的企业管理论文算是中文核心期刊级别的论文了，这类论文要求比较高，建议你多参考几篇高质量的学术论文，你搜下：普刊学术中心，上面很多各个领域的学术论文提供，可以参考下看下有没有具备参考价值的论文。

5000字啊，谁会干啊，

想的挺好，20分5000字的论文，还企业管理，呵呵

关于企业管理的论文5000字开头英文

Enterprise Management IncentivesA guide for employees， employers and advisersThis guidance aims to take you through the qualifying requirements for Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs) It is divided into sections which explain each part of the legislation contained in Schedule 5 Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act Detailed points are covered in a question and answer It also explains some key terms Unless otherwise stated， the statutory references in this guidance are to the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003， and the abbreviations ITEPA 2003 and Sch 5 have been used Remember that if you grant EMI options you may also have to consider other laws and For example， there may be company law and regulatory requirements to comply Such matters are not covered in this guide so you should consider whether you need to take relevant professional The information contained here is for guidance EMI options must at all times comply with the provisions of Schedule 5 ITEPA What’s in this guidance * What are Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs)? * How EMIs work * Qualifying companies * What makes an employee eligible? * About the options * Notification of grants of options * Income tax and National Insurance contributions * Capital gains tax * What happens when a company reorganises? * Useful contacts * EMI terms explainedWhat are Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs)?EMIs are tax advantaged share They are designed to help small， higher risk companies recruit and retain employees who have the skills to help them grow and They are also a way of rewarding employees for taking a risk by investing their time and skills to help small companies achieve their How EMIs workTax advantaged share options with a market value of up to £100，000 may be granted to a qualifying employee of a qualifying company， subject to a total share value of £3 million under EMI options to all The shares must be in an independent trading company that has gross assets of no more than £30 The grant of the option is tax-free and there will normally be no tax or National Insurance contributions (NICs) for the employee to pay when the option is There will normally be no NICs charge for the If the shares are sold at a gain， any capital gains tax (CGT) charge may be reduced because taper relief will normally start from the date that the option is The employer must notify HMRC of an award of EMI options within 92 days of the grant of the Throughout this guidance all references to employer are to the employing How companies qualify for EMIFor companies to qualify they must have maximum gross assets of no more than £30 million; for groups， this applies to the assets of the group as a The company whose shares are the subject of the option must be independent， and the company or group must be Companies carrying on certain trades will not There is more detail on qualifying How options qualify for tax relief under EMIIf an option is to qualify for tax relief: * the option has to be notified to HMRC in time and as required * the company whose shares are under option has to be a qualifying company * the type of share under option has to qualify * the employee has to be eligible * the terms of the option have to What makes an employee eligibleTo qualify for EMI an employee has to be employed by the company whose shares are the subject of the option， or by a An employee must spend at least 25 hours a week working for the company or the If his hours are shorter， he must spend at least 75% of his working time working as an employee for the company or There are more details on employee How EMIs workThis section outlines the main requirements for options to qualify under EMI， they are: * the purpose of the option * the maximum entitlement of the employee and * the overall limit on options to be granted by the The purpose of the optionThe options must be granted for commercial reasons to recruit or retain employees in a company， and not as part of an arrangement one of the main purposes of which is to avoid (Para 4 Sch 5)Can a company cancel existing options and replace them with EMI options?If the option is granted to recruit or retain employees the purpose test is This will depend on the facts and all the Maximum entitlementNo employee may hold unexercised qualifying EMI options with a market value of more than £100， The market value is taken at the date of The value to be used is the unrestricted market value， that is， the value of shares under option without taking into account any restrictions or the risk of forfeitureIf an option granted to an employee causes the £100，000 limit to be exceeded， the excess will not qualify as an EMI Are there limits on the number of qualifying options that an employee may be Granted within a particular period?Y Once an employee has been granted EMI， or EMI and Company Share Option Plan (CSOP) options up to the £100，000 limit， he must wait until 3 years after the last of these options was granted before he can be granted any more EMI qualifying options， even if he has exercised or released some of the He can then be granted further EMI options to the extent that any other EMI or CSOP options then held by him are below the £100，000 (Para 6 Sch 5)How are shares valued for the purposes of the £100，000 limit?The market value of any shares for this purpose is the price they might reasonably be expected to fetch on the open market， free from any restrictions or risk of forfeiture to which they may be If the shares under option are quoted on the London Stock Exchange， the market value is based on the prices on the Stock Exchange’s Daily Official L If shares are not quoted on the London Stock Exchange， the company may offer its own In that case， HMRC may enquire into the Alternatively， the company can ask HMRC Shares and Assets Valuation (SAV) to agree a valuation with them before the option is granted or whenever a valuation is Companies， or advisers， may find this If the exercise of the option is subject to performance conditions will this affect the determination of market value?N Performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the market value of the shares under Is there a limit on the number of employees who may hold EMI options?N Any number of employees may hold EMI options in a company or group， subject to a maximum of £3 million as the total value of shares under EMI option in a Qualifying CompaniesThis section sets out the conditions a company has to meet to qualify for EMI， they are: * independence * having only qualifying subsidiaries (including qualifying property managing subsidiaries after 17 March 2004) * gross assets * trading The requirements that companies have to meet for options to qualify under EMI are similar to the requirements for the Enterprise Investment Scheme， the Corporate Venturing Scheme and Venture Capital T However， both quoted and unquoted companies can qualify for EMIIndependenceA company whose shares are subject to EMI options must not be: * a 51% subsidiary (more than 50% of its ordinary share capital owned by another company)， or * controlled by another company (or another company and persons connected with it)Arrangements must not exist which could result in the company becoming a 51% subsidiary or otherwise being (Para 9 Sch 5)Control in this context means the power of one company to ensure that the affairs of another company whose shares are subject to EMI option are conducted in accordance with that company’s This may be through share ownership， voting power， or because of any powers conferred by Articles of Association or other Qualifying subsidiaries (before 17 March 2004)For options granted before 17 March 2004， all of a company’s subsidiaries must be qualifying That is， the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must: * possess， directly or indirectly， at least 75% of the share capital and the voting power of the subsidiary * be entitled to receive at least 75% of the assets of the subsidiary， in the event of a winding up or in any other circumstances， if they were all distributed * be entitled to at least 75% of profits of the subsidiary available for distribution to No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be If a subsidiary company itself has subsidiaries， shares will not qualify to be used in an EMI option unless all these subsidiaries are also qualifying subsidiaries， as defined Example 1Company A has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company B， and the same % rights to votes， assets and Company B is therefore a qualifying Company B has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company C， and the same % rights to votes， assets and Company C it also therefore a qualifying Company A meets the EMI requirements in relation to its Example 2Company X has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company Y， and the same % rights to votes， assets and Company Y is therefore a qualifying Company X also has a 60% shareholding in subsidiary company Z， and the same % rights to votes， assets and Company Z is not a qualifying Company X therefore fails to meets the EMI requirements， as not all of its subsidiaries are qualifying Qualifying subsidiaries (after 17 March 2004)For options granted on or after 17 March 2004 all of a company’s subsidiaries must be qualifying That is， the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must hold， directly or indirectly， more than 50% of the share capital of the (Para 11(2) Sch 5)No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be There is a further requirement if the company has subsidiaries that manage Qualifying property managing subsidiariesFor options granted on or after 17 March 2004， a company will not qualify if it has a property managing subsidiary which is not a 90% subsidiary of the (Para 11A(1) Sch 5)A property managing company is one whose business consists wholly or mainly in the holding of managing of land， buildings or interest in To be a qualifying property managing subsidiary， the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must: * possess， directly， at least 90% of the issued share capital and the voting power in the subsidiary * be entitled to receive at least 90% of the assets of the subsidiary， in the event of a winding up or in any other circumstances， if they were all distributed * be entitled to at least 90% of profits of the subsidiary available for distribution to No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be Gross assetsThe value of the company’s gross assets must not exceed £30 million at the date the EMI option is If the company is a member of a group of companies， the limits are applied to the gross assets of the group as a 由于篇幅有限，网址在这里-new-htm，你可以在那里看到完整。这是一篇关于企业管理的学术性文章。

Managing people effectively in extension programmes is a skill that requires constant planning and An extension programme manager can be defined as the person who is vested with formal authority over an organization or one of its sub He or she has status that leads to various interpersonal relations， and from this comes access to Information， in turn， enables the manager to devise strategies， make decisions， and implement action (Mintzberg， 1988) Management is concerned with the optimum attainment of organizational goals and objectives with and through other Extension management organizations are characterized by many strategies， wide spans of control， democracy， and Their management practices cannot be reduced to one standard set of operating guidelines that will work for all organizations However， all managers of professional organizations face the same challenge: to manage one's time， objectives， and resources in order to accomplish tasks and implement ideas (Waldron， 1994) Managers of extension programmes are painfully aware of the need for revision and development of the new skill sets held by today's high If change is not handled correctly， it can be more devastating then ever High performers reflect， discover， assess， and They know that a new focus on connecting the heads， hearts， and hands of people in their organization is Astute managers know what needs to be done but struggle with how to do Quite often they prefer to consider themselves as teachers or communicators rather than This results in under-utilization of the increasing amount of literature on management theory and The root of the problem is They must learn how to motivate others and build an efficient More formally defined， management is the process by which people， technology， job tasks， and other resources are combined and coordinated so as to effectively achieve organizational A process or function is a group of related activities contributing to a larger Management functions are based on a common philosophy and They centre around the following: Developing and clarifying mission， policies， and objectives of the agency or organization Establishing formal and informal organizational structures as a means of delegating authority and sharing responsibilities Setting priorities and reviewing and revising objectives in terms of changing demands Maintaining effective communications within the working group， with other groups， and with the larger community Selecting， motivating， training， and appraising staff Securing funds and managing budgets; evaluating accomplishments and Being accountable to staff， the larger enterprise， and to the community at large (Waldron， 1994b)The management functions listed above can be categorized by using the acronym POSDCORB (Bonoma & Slevin， 1978， from Gulick & Urwick， 1959): · Planning: outlining philosophy， policy， objectives， and resultant things to be accomplished， and the techniques for accomplishment · Organizing: establishing structures and systems through which activities are arranged， defined， and coordinated in terms of some specific objectives · Staffing: fulfilling the personnel function， which includes selecting and training staff and maintaining favourable work conditions · Directing: making decisions， embodying decisions in instructions， and serving as the leader of the enterprise · Coordinating: interrelating the various parts of the work · Reporting: keeping those to whom you are responsible， including both staff and public， informed · Budgeting: making financial plans， maintaining accounting and management control of revenue， and keeping costs in line with objectivesPlanningPlanning is the key management function of any extension It is the process of determining in advance what should be accomplished， when， by whom， how， and at what Regardless of whether it is planning long-term program priorities or planning a two-hour meeting， the planning aspect of management is the major contributor to success and Stated simply， "If you don't know where you are going， then you won't know when you have arrived!" Planning is the process of determining the organization's goals and objectives and making the provisions for their It involves choosing a course of action from available Planning is the process of determining organizational aims， developing premises about the current environment， selecting the course of action， initiating activities required to transform plans into action， and evaluating the The types of planning that managers engage in will depend on their level in the organization and on the size and type of the Generally there are four major types of planning exercises: strategic， tactical， contingency， and Strategic planning involves determining organizational goals and how to achieve This usually occurs at the top management Tactical planning is concerned with implementing the strategic plans and involves middle and lower Contingency planning anticipates possible problems or changes that may occur in the future and prepares to deal with them effectively as they arise (Marshall， 1992) Managerial planning is usually considered as microlevel It helps in combining resources to fulfil the overall objectives of the extension A needs assessment may initiate a need for developing a The planning process begins with the creation of a philosophy that consists of statements describing the values， beliefs， and attitudes of the Its mission statement is a proclamation of its purpose or reason for After the philosophy and mission statements have been established， various goals and objectives are Goals are usually general statements that project what is to be accomplished in the An objective is a concrete statement describing a specific Policies are predetermined guides to decision making; they establish boundaries or limits within which action may be Managers are related to policy formation in two First， they play a crucial role in implementing organizational policies that have been established by higher Second， they create policies within their departments as guides for their own work Procedures outline the series of steps to be followed when carrying out a designed policy or taking a particular course of Rules are used to provide final and definite Usually they are Planning is designing the future， anticipating problems， and imagining In short， planning is essential for anyone who wants to The functions of organizing， leading， staffing， and budgeting are means of carrying out the decisions of Everyone is a planner - a planner of meals， of work time， Of vacations， of Formal planning， however， distinguishes managers from non-managers， effective managers from ineffective Formal planning forces managers to think of the future， to set priorities， to encourage creativity， to articulate clear objectives， and to forecast the future in terms of anticipated problems and political Long-Range Planning Long-range planning is vitally important in that it focuses attention on crucial future issues which are vitally important to the It involves studying societal trends and issues， surveying current and anticipated learners' needs， and being aware of long-term research directions and changes in Many extension workers may think that such management is beyond their level of authority， control， or They may feel that such management is the prerogative of the director， the deputy minister， or the However， while senior levels of management must be involved， those who implement the objectives resulting from long-range planning should also be

您好： 在企业经营活动中，物流是渗透到各项经营活动之中的活动。物流成本就是用金额评价物流活动的实际情况。现代物流成本是指从原材料供应开始一直囊括到将商品送达到消费者手上所发生的全部物流费用。由于物流成本没有被列入企业的财务会计制度，制造企业习惯将物流费用计入产品成本，商业企业则把物流费用与商品流通费用混在一起。因此，无论是制造企业还是商业企业，不仅难以按照物流成本的内涵完整地计算出物流成本，而且连已经被生产领域或流通领域分割开来的物流成本，也不能单独真实地计算并反映出来。 无论是企业物流还是物流企业，如何对自身物流资源进行优化配置，如何实施管理和决策，以期用最小的成本带来最大的效益，都是它们所面临的最重要问题之一。物流被看作是制造企业最后的也是最有希望降低成本、提高效益的环节。 企业物流总成本 对物流成本进行分类可以向管理者提供更多对决策产生影响的细节问题，但企业的物流活动是按照功能的不同来组织进行的，如订单处理、运输等，而且大多数企业采用帐户划分成本，物流成本无法单独列示，因此，划分物流成本任务艰巨。 企业物流成本是指企业进行采购、销售、生产等与物流相关活动的成本总和。物流总成本是企业管理物流运作的重要指标，如何在不降低服务水平的前提下，降低物流总成本是企业的一项经营目标。 运输成本：运输成本是指企业对原材料在制品以及成品的所有运输活动所造成的费用，包括直接运输费用和管理费用。为降低物流总成本需要严格控制在运输方面的开支，加强对运输的经济核算。 存货持有成本：一般来说，存货可以占到制造商资产的20%以上。存货持有成本有些概念区分模糊，难以确定，所以，目前许多公司只是以当前的银行利率乘以存货价值再加上其它一些费用，作为存货持有成本。实际上，存货持有成本包括存货资金占用成本、存货服务成本、存货风险成本和调价损失等。 仓储成本：大多数仓储成本不随存货水平变动而变动，而是随存储地点的多少而变。仓储成本包括仓库租金、仓库折旧、设备折旧、装卸费用、货物包装材料费用和管理费等。 批量成本：批量成本包括生产准备成本、物料搬运成本、计划安排和加速作业成本以及因转产导致生产能力丧失等。 缺货损失：缺货成本是指由于不能满足客户订单或需求所造成的销售利润损失。 订单处理及信息成本：订单处理是指从客户下订单开始到客户收到货物为止，这一过程中所有单据处理活动，与订单处理相关活动的费用属于订单处理费用。IT成本指与物流管理运作有关的IT方面的成本。包括软件折旧、系统维护及管理费用等。 采购成本：采购成本指与采购原材料部件相关的物流费用。包括采购订单费用、采购计划制订人员的管理费用、采购人员管理费用等。 其它管理费用：其它管理费用包括与物流管理及运作相关人员的管理费用。 单项物流活动成本降低必将导致其它部分成本增加，处理不当，甚至有可能导致总成本的上升。物流总成本分析是进行一体化物流管理的关键，运用总成本分析法可以有效管理和实现真正意义上的降低成本。 物流总成本是企业管理物流运作的主要指标，但物流总成本本身并不能反映企业的物流运作好坏。通过物流总成本的统计分析，使企业可以从全局的角度了解自身的物流运作现状，明确目前关键的瓶颈问题以及突破口，提出解决的方法，以提高企业整体的运作绩效。 物流成本管理与控制 企业经营的一个重要目标是以最小的投入换取最大的收益。而实现这一目标的最好途径是成本管理，物流成本的控制是对成本限额进行预算，将实际成本与目标成本限额加以比较，纠正存在的差异，提高物流活动的经济效益。 一般地对物流成本加以控制可采用生产率标准、标准成本和预算检验物流绩效等方法。战略成本管理是一种全面性与可行性相结合的管理技术，使企业在产品企划与设计阶段就关注到将要制造的产品成本是多少，战略成本管理最关键的因素是目标成本。 作业基准成本法（Activity-Based Costing，简称ABC法）就是一种战略成本管理方法，作业基准成本法由RCooper与RSKaplan在20世纪80年代末提出，所谓ABC法，是按照各项作业消耗资源的多少把成本费用分摊到作业，再按照各产品发生的作业多少把成本分摊到产品。利用ABC法可以改进优化作业链，减少作业消耗，提高作业质量，并在整个作业生命周期内进行战略成本管理。 作业基准成本法不但是一种较为先进的成本计算方法，通过作业成本管理对企业战略成本进行管理，为物流实施流程再造、业绩评价等提供成本信息，也为企业进一步改进成本控制和战略性规划与决策提供了更为有利的依据和标准。 通过对企业物流成本的分析，降低物流成本的基本途径有以下几种： 通过效率化的配送来降低物流成本企业实现效率化的配送，减少运输次数，提高装载率及合理安排配车计划，选择最佳的运送手段，从而降低配送成本。 利用物流外包降低企业物流成本，降低投资成本企业把物流外包给专业化的第三方物流公司，可以缩短商品在途时间，减少商品周转过程的费用和损失。有条件的企业可以采用第三方物流公司直供上线，实现零库存，降低成本。 借助现代化的信息管理系统控制和降低物流成本在传统的手工管理模式下，企业的成本控制受诸多因素的影响，往往不易也不可能实现各个环节的最优控制。企业采用信息系统一方面可使各种物流作业或业务处理能准确，迅速的进行；另一方面通过信息系统的数据汇总，进行预测分析，可控制物流成本发生的可能性。 加强企业职工的成本管理意识把降低成本的工作从物流管理部门扩展到企业的各个部门，并从产品开发、生产、销售全生命周期中，进行物流成本管理，使企业员工具有长期发展的“战略性成本意识”。 对商品流通的全过程实现供应链管理使由生产企业、第三方物流企业、销售企业、消费者组成的供应链的整体化和系统化，实现物流一体化，使整个供应链利益最大化，从而有效降低企业物流成本。 恕我不才，只能找到一篇论文了!深感歉意!Hello: In the business activities of enterprises， the logistics is infiltrated into various business activities of the Logistics cost is to use the amount of the logistics activities of the evaluation of the actual Modern logistics cost refers to the supply of raw materials from the beginning has been to include delivery of goods will reach consumers in the hands of all logistics The logistics cost was not included in the financial accounting system， manufacturers will be used to charge the cost of logistics product cost and commercial enterprises put the cost of the commodity distribution and logistics costs Therefore， whether it is manufacturing enterprises or commercial enterprises， in accordance with not only difficult to complete the connotation of logistics costs to calculate logistics costs， and even the production area or have been separated from the circulation areas of logistics costs， we can not separate true calculated and Whether the enterprise logistics or logistics enterprises， the logistics of its own to optimize the allocation of resources， and how to implement the management and decision-making， with a view to using the least possible cost and to maximize the benefits they are facing one of the most important Logistics be seen as a manufacturing enterprise is the last best hope to reduce costs and improve efficiency Total cost of logistics enterprises The logistics costs can be classified managers to provide more decision-making on the details of the impact， but the logistics enterprises in accordance with the functional activities to the different organizations， such as order processing， and transportation， and accounts of the majority of enterprises to adopt cost ， logistics costs can not be shown separately， therefore， the logistics costs of the task is Business Logistics refers to the cost of procurement， sales， production and logistics costs related activities Logistics is the total cost of the logistics operation of the enterprise management an important indicator of how not to reduce the level of services under the premise of reducing the total cost of logistics enterprises is a business Transport costs: transportation costs refers to the raw materials and finished products in all transport costs caused by the activities， including direct transport costs and management To reduce the total cost of logistics need to strictly control the expenditure in the transport， the transport of strengthening economic Inventory holding costs: Generally speaking， the stock can be accounted for manufacturers of more than 20% of Inventory holding costs of some fuzzy concept of distinction， it is difficult to determine， therefore， present many companies only to the current bank interest rate multiplied by the value of inventory with a number of other costs， as inventory holding In fact， inventory holding costs， including the amount of funds used inventory costs， inventory costs， inventory costs and the risk of price adjustment Warehousing costs: Most warehousing costs do not change with the change in inventory levels， but with the number of storage locations and Warehouse storage costs include rent， storage depreciation， equipment depreciation， cost of loading and unloading of goods packaging materials costs and management Volume Cost: Volume costs include production preparation costs， material handling costs， and accelerate plans for operating costs and loss of productivity because of changing products， such as Out losses: out because it is not cost refers to meet customer orders or demand caused by the sale of loss of Order processing and information costs: Order processing is under orders from customers start to the customer's receipt of the goods so far this process all receipts processing， order processing and related activities of the cost of order processing IT costs and logistics management refers to the operation of the cost of IT Including software depreciation， maintenance， and management Procurement costs: that the procurement cost components associated with the procurement of raw materials logistics Including the cost of purchase orders， procurement planning for the management of costs， procurement management， and so Other management costs: Other costs include management and logistics management and operation of relevant personnel management Single logistics activities will inevitably lead to lower costs of the rest of the cost increase， handled properly， it could even lead to the increase in the total The total cost of logistics for integrated logistics management is the key to use of the total cost analysis can be effective management and real sense of the lower Logistics is the total cost of operation of the logistics business management major indicators， but the total cost of logistics itself and does not reflect the quality of logistics The total cost of logistics through statistical analysis， so that enterprises can understand from the perspective of overall situation of their own logistics operation status quo， clearly present the key bottlenecks， as well as the breakthrough point， to propose solutions approach to improve the business performance of the overall Logistics Cost Management and Control Business is an important goal for the smallest investment income for the And the realization of this goal is the best way of managing the cost， logistics cost control is to limit the cost budget， the actual cost will limit with the target cost comparison， the difference between correct and improve the economic benefits of logistics Generally cost of the logistics can be controlled productivity standards， standard cost and budget performance test methods such as Strategic Cost Management is a comprehensive and feasibility of combining the management of technology， so that enterprises in the product planning and design stage will be to create concern that the cost of products， strategic cost management is the most crucial factor target Operating cost base (Activity-Based Costing， or ABC) is a strategic cost management， operating cost method from the baseline and RSKaplan R Cooper in the 20th century to the late 1980s， the so-called ABC method， in accordance with the Operating How many of the consumption of resources allocated to the cost of operations， in accordance with the product to the number of operations to the cost-sharing ABC method can be improved by optimizing operating chain， reduce operating consumption， improve quality of operations， and throughout the operating life cycle of strategic cost To benchmark the cost method is not only the cost of a more advanced method of calculating operating costs through strategic cost management for enterprise management， logistics for the implementation of process reengineering， performance evaluation to provide cost information， as well as enterprises to further improve cost control and strategic planning decision-making and a more favorable basis and Based on the analysis of enterprise logistics costs， reduce logistics costs of basic channels as follows: Through efficiency of the distribution companies to reduce logistics costs of the distribution of efficiency， reduce the number of transport， improving loading rate and reasonable arrangement with plans to choose the best means of transportation， thereby reducing distribution Logistics Outsourcing of logistics enterprises reduce costs， lower cost of the investment companies to outsource logistics to specialized third-party logistics companies， can shorten the transit time of goods and reduce the cost of goods turnover and Qualified enterprises can use third-party logistics companies直供on line to achieve zero inventory， and reduce With the modernization of information management systems to control and reduce logistics cost management in the traditional manual mode， the corporate cost control by many factors， not often can not be realized all aspects of the optimal On the one hand， enterprises will adopt various information systems logistics operations or business can accurately handle， expeditious conduct of the other through the information system of data collection， forecasting analysis， logistics costs can be controlled the Strengthen the management of enterprise workers awareness of the cost of the work to reduce costs from the expansion of the logistics management of the various departments and enterprises， and product development， production and sale of the entire life cycle， logistics cost management， and enable employees with long-term development "strategy Cost " On the whole process of realization of the commodities， supply chain management to the production enterprises， third-party logistics enterprises， and sales enterprise， consumer composed of the whole supply chain and systematized， and achieve logistics integration， the entire supply chain maximum benefits， thereby effectively reducing the cost of logistics I am afraid I Fucai， only to find a thesis! Very sorry!

关于企业文化的论文3000字开头

3000--5000就可以

企业文化是企业的一种标志，一种无形的品牌!在企业建立后的完成企业的基本市场的建设之后，文化的内在是最重要，这关乎到企业能否在长时间的市场的竞争和发展找到自己的准确的定位，和企业的在传乘和继续的发展和壮大有着重要的联系!

看来真的好多人都在写这个题目啊。。。我还是自己写吧 楼主也加油吧。。。

关于化妆的论文5000字开头

一、作文题展示 如今，人造“美女”在韩国盛行。割眼皮、增鼻骨、美发等整容美容活动在中国也开始流行。爱美之心人皆有之，俗话说“三分人才，七分打扮。”化装自己，既是一种自我美丽，也是一种对别人的尊重。但也有人反对这种违背本色、以假我来欺骗别人的做法。 你是怎样认为的呢？请以“化装与本色”为话题，自选角度，自拟标题，自选文体，写一篇800字以上的文章。 二、参考例文 真正的美应当是“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰” 钱钟书先生《围城》里有一句名言，城里面的人想出来，城外面的人想进去。这也可以用在今天的美容美发上。如今，许多被金黄头发的老外所羡慕的黑头发的国人，尤其是那些有着飘逸的乌黑油亮的头发的女孩子，偏以老外的金黄色头发为美。于是，城外黑头发的人拼命想挤进黄头发人的城堡中，现在的染发业便红火起来，而且，染什么颜色的人都有，尤以金黄色为主，头发的颜色靠染色也成了黄色世界。以前有过“街上流行红裙子”的时候，现在是街上流行黄头发。满大街望去，一片“幸福”的黄头发。 是不是这种黄色头发就让世界变得美起来或让生活变得幸福起来呢?答案并非如此。为什么呢?根本原因在于染发是一种人为的行为，而非人的一种天然本色。真正的美应当是“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰”。 另外，染发可能会对人的健康造成危害。染发要靠染料，目前大多使用合成染料。根据染料的化学性质，还可以分为硝基、偶氮、蒽醌、靛类和芳香族类。这些化学类合成剂都可以用于毛发(包括皮肤)的美容染色。例如，现在用于染发的一般都是偶氮和芳香族类化学合成染料。实验表明，最动人的颜色来自偶氮染料，它是一种芳香胺。但是，实验表明，这种颜料具有致癌性和引发血液病及各种疾病，因为除了这些颜料的化学性质外，它们还包含了许多对人体有损害的重金属元素，如铅、镍、汞等。染发时染料长时间地涂在头上，染料不可避免地会通过头皮进入皮肤，并渗透到头的血液中，随着染料数量的日积月累，其危害人体的效应也会逐步增加，久而久之就可能诱发癌症或其它疾病。 在时尚的潮流中，人们喜欢时尚微笑的面孔。从“楚王好细腰，宫中多饿死”到国粹“三寸金莲”，从拿破仑时代欧洲妇女时兴束腰到今天一些人在耳朵、鼻子甚至嘴唇上钻眼，甚至割眼皮、增鼻骨，时尚的魅力可以让它的追随者为了精神的“享受”而宁愿忍受肉体的痛苦，何况染发呢？ 但我还是要说：染发的女孩子，小心了！虽然黄发飘飘，透着另类的美，但是，美丽中带毒，你愿意以健康为代价吗？

一个好句子可以利用生命中，一切假的东西一定会被真的冲洗掉以此为中心点 发散下吧

化妆与本色真正的美应当是“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰” 钱钟书先生《围城》里有一句名言，城里面的人想出来，城外面的人想进去。这也可以用在今天的美容美发上。如今，许多被金黄头发的老外所羡慕的黑头发的国人，尤其是那些有着飘逸的乌黑油亮的头发的女孩子，偏以老外的金黄色头发为美。于是，城外黑头发的人拼命想挤进黄头发人的城堡中，现在的染发业便红火起来，而且，染什么颜色的人都有，尤以金黄色为主，头发的颜色靠染色也成了黄色世界。以前有过“街上流行红裙子”的时候，现在是街上流行黄头发。满大街望去，一片“幸福”的黄头发。 是不是这种黄色头发就让世界变得美起来或让生活变得幸福起来呢?答案并非如此。为什么呢?根本原因在于染发是一种人为的行为，而非人的一种天然本色。真正的美应当是“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰”。 另外，染发可能会对人的健康造成危害。染发要靠染料，目前大多使用合成染料。根据染料的化学性质，还可以分为硝基、偶氮、蒽醌、靛类和芳香族类。这些化学类合成剂都可以用于毛发(包括皮肤)的美容染色。例如，现在用于染发的一般都是偶氮和芳香族类化学合成染料。实验表明，最动人的颜色来自偶氮染料，它是一种芳香胺。但是，实验表明，这种颜料具有致癌性和引发血液病及各种疾病，因为除了这些颜料的化学性质外，它们还包含了许多对人体有损害的重金属元素，如铅、镍、汞等。染发时染料长时间地涂在头上，染料不可避免地会通过头皮进入皮肤，并渗透到头的血液中，随着染料数量的日积月累，其危害人体的效应也会逐步增加，久而久之就可能诱发癌症或其它疾病。 在时尚的潮流中，人们喜欢时尚微笑的面孔。从“楚王好细腰，宫中多饿死”到国粹“三寸金莲”，从拿破仑时代欧洲妇女时兴束腰到今天一些人在耳朵、鼻子甚至嘴唇上钻眼，甚至割眼皮、增鼻骨，时尚的魅力可以让它的追随者为了精神的“享受”而宁愿忍受肉体的痛苦，何况染发呢？ 但我还是要说：染发的女孩子，小心了！虽然黄发飘飘，透着另类的美，但是，美丽中带毒，你愿意以健康为代价吗？ 化妆 童年的往事就像一串多味糖葫芦：第一个是甜的，第二个是酸的，第三个是苦的，第四个是辣的……可是，有一件事却让我至今难忘，那便是我童年的趣事———化妆。 阳光明媚的一个下午，妈妈去上班了，家里只剩下我一个人。我闲得没事干，便开始打起妈妈化妆盒的主意。大人们化上妆都好漂亮，我化上妆一定也很漂亮，我心里暗暗地想。说干就干，首先，我把镜子拿来，把一块粉直接拍到了脸上。一看，呀，我的脸怎么这么白啊？可是，洗了多可惜呀！ 于是，我没有洗，又做起了第二项工作。我拿起了口红，一个劲儿地往上涂，左一下，右一下。谁知一下子涂到了外面，嘻嘻，我变成“花猫”喽！ 最后，我画起了眉毛，不一会儿，浓浓黑黑的眉毛就画好了。大功告成！ 我看着自己的“杰作”大哭起来：“哇！ 化妆盒把我变成妖怪了！ ”这时，妈妈回来了，看着我的怪模样，哈哈大笑起来。我生气地对妈妈说：“你这个坏妈妈，人家被化妆盒变成了这个样子你还笑！ 快把化妆盒打一顿，好为蓉蓉报仇！ ”妈妈看看我，又看看化妆盒，笑得更起劲了。 你们瞧，我现在多漂亮，比不化妆美多了。同学们，你们可千万不要学我噢！化妆谈起“化妆”，我就两眼发光。看到舞台上、镜头前的神采奕奕，光彩照人的大明星时，我的眼前就浮现出了著名的化妆师为他们化妆的情景，因为这是他们描眉画眼的粉墨登场。要是不化妆他们就会双眼失神、脸色苍白，在舞台上就会黯然失色。可现在的化妆师却也不及在浪尖上翻滚的小贩的江湖秘诀厉害。谈“苏丹红”色变以前人们常说“谈虎色变”，现在，随着时代的进步，人们常说“苏丹红”色变。听到“苏丹红”，人们就毛骨悚然。在一个阳光明媚的早晨，妈妈来到了菜市场。“新鲜的，还热乎的鸡蛋啊!通红的蛋黄，新鲜得很呢！”妈妈被吆喝声冲昏了头脑，“跌跌撞撞”地闯进了鸡蛋摊。“这蛋多少钱一斤？”“要十块钱一斤。”“啊，”妈妈大吃一惊，“这蛋为什么那么贵？”小贩平静地说：“这蛋黄别提有多红了，不信，我敲开给你瞧瞧！”小贩麻利地打开一个蛋，倒在自备的碗里。“哇，这蛋真红！”妈妈看着鲜红鲜红的蛋黄，心花怒放，一口气买下两斤！回到家，妈妈千言万语会汇成一句话：着蛋真好！我的耳边响着：这蛋真好！可是到了晚上，妈妈听见新闻里说，凡是鲜红鲜红的蛋几乎都是含有苏丹红的！妈妈差点从床上滚下来，赶紧给我喝滚烫的白开水，声称消消毒。现在在全民的努力下，凡是化过妆的食品都销声匿迹了，但愿它们不要重现江湖。