关于环境教育的论文范文高中英语
How to protect the environment?Nowadays, more and more people realize it`s necessary and important to protect the Also,there are some people who don`t pay attention to hygiene and they can`t stop littering the rubbish casually or spitting everywhere all the And in addition, there are a few factories often cutting down the trees, discharging chemicals and dirty water and so And it causes many problems like the Greenhouse EIf they do these day by day and our life will be harder and harder,so we have to stop To stop them we can put up commonweal advertisements and tell them the detriment of destroying the So we can start from now to make a beautiful
As we can see, the world population is growing rapidly day by So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a big What’s more, with the development of industry, factories and vehicles produce poisonous gases or wastes, which consequently results in the pollution of Though fresh, a good amount of it can no longer be Only quite limited fresh water resource is available to human So it’s high time for us human beings to take quick action to protect water Stop pollution and save water, otherwise, we cannot survive on the 正如我们可以看到,世界人口正在迅速增长每天。因此,需有足够的淡水来养活如此之多人口。更重要的是,工业的发展,工厂和车辆所产生的有毒气体或废物,导致水的污染。大部分新鲜的水资源无法再被利用,只有十分有限的淡水资源能提供给人类。因此,为保护水资源,我们应迅速采取行动的时候到了,阻止污染和节约用水,否则,我们无法生存在地球上。
有关环境保护的英语作文(1)With the improvement of our living standard, more and more people can afford a As a result, our roads are more often than not crammed with However, with more and more waste gas being discharged by the cars, the problem of air pollution becomes even more So nowadays we advocate to lead a low-carbon My suggestion is we should ride bikes more often instead of driving By riding a bike, we can not only exercise our body but also protect our Why not have a try, my dear friends?与我们的生活水平的提高,越来越多的人都买得起汽车的。因此,道路往往没有堆满了汽车。然而,随着越来越多的废气排放是汽车、空气污染问题变得更加严重。所以现在我们提倡过低碳的生活。 我的建议是我们应该更经常骑自行车而不是开车骑一辆自行车,我们不仅能锻炼身体,也能保护我们的环境。为什么不试试,我亲爱的朋友?(2) Now, our side of the car constant more up, the environment also increasingly worse! That the air around us there are many harmful Therefore, we want to Sue around things start to For example, we can go to school by bike or walk, it can If you have time can use less elevator, many climb We can not only physical exercise, but also to protect our 现在,我们身边的汽车不断的多了起来,环境也越来越糟糕!以至于我们周围的空气有很多有害物质。所以,我们要苏身边的小事做起。比如,我们可以骑自行车上学或者步行,这样还可以锻炼身体。有时间的话可以少用电梯,多爬楼梯。我们不仅能锻炼身体,也能保护我们的环境。(3)文章文体:议论文。 文章要点:保护环境的重要性;学生在家庭中节约能源的具体做法和感想;今后的打算。 文章框架:文章应该是三部分两段式。第一段(包括要点前两部分)环保的重要性;2 接着是站在学生的角度谈谈家庭节约能源的具体方法,第二段写第三要点,即谈谈今后打算。 重要句型短语:It is important to protect our environment, the energy in the world is turn off the light and other appliance when you ,re not using them, we'd better not waste the energy, use public transportation, recycle the waste,I can learn more to develop new and clear energy, like the energy from the wind and solar 等。 参考例文: With the development of our society, energy in the world becomes more and more limited, so it is quite important for us to save energy and to protect our As a student, there are a lot of methods we can do to save energy at For example, first, we can turn off the light as well as other appliances when we are not using Second, recycle the waste water, paper and other waste so that we can reuse What's more, it is suggested to use public transportation more instead of private Above all, everyone can make a great contribution to our I hope I can learn more to develop new and clear energy, like energy from the wind and (4)Recently we have held a class meeting to discuss what is considered to be honorable behavior and what is (最近我们班开了个班会讨论什么是光荣和耻辱。)It is really a pity to see all this in our (很遗憾在学校看到这些现象)Some students don’t respect their teachers or (不尊敬老是和父母)Some don’t take their studies seriously and cheat in (作业不认真,考试作弊)Some throw wastes everywhere and pollute the environment (到处乱扔垃圾污染环境。)It is honorable to obey the law and rules , care much about our class and study (关心班级、努力学习、遵纪守法是光荣)It is shameful to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve (违反学校纪律、自私 骄傲是可耻的)We should respect others and think more of them than of (我们应该尊敬别人经常关心别人)We should work hard and make much more progress to repay the (我们应该努力学习取得更大进步从而回报社会。)We should try our best to keep the environment clean。(我们应该想方设法保持干净的环境。)(5)There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and the polluted air does great harm to people’s The polluted water causes diseases and What is more, vegetation had been greatly reduced with the rapid growth of modern To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a Legislative steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind 保护环境目前环保还存在着许多问题。最严重的问题就是空气、水和土壤的严重污染。污染的空气对人类的健康十分有害。污染的水引起疼病,造成死亡。更有甚者,随着现代社会的迅速扩建,植被大大的减少。为了保护环境,各国政府做了大量的工作。采用了立法措施控制大气污染,保护森林资源和海洋资源,制止任何环境污染。因此,在当今的环保中政府起着最重要的作用。我的看法是,为了保护环境,政府应当采取更具体的措施。首先,应当通过教育的方法使人们充分謒到环境保护的重要性。第二,应更加努力把计划生育政策付诸实施,因为人口多就意味着污染严重。最后,要严惩那些故意破坏环境者。使他们破坏环境就是毁灭人类自己。
Harmony with the environment is that we live in on Earth, who is a natural son, and not only to natural persons as the conqueror, as we all know, there is only one earth and the mountains on Earth, the Plant human cells, if it damaged, destroyed nature organizations, to the eradication of Therefore, the environment must be linked with social ethics, character education and practice acts as an important element of Everyone must fulfil its responsibilities and obligations to protect the environment 人与环境是和谐相处的,我们生存在地球上,人是自然之子,而不能仅把人看作自然的征服者,大家都知道,人类只有一个地球,地球上的山山水水、动物。植物是人类的细胞,如果我们把它损坏了,破坏了大自然的组织,等于消灭人类。因此,环境要与社会公德联系起来,与实践行为作为人格教育的一项重要内容来抓。每个人都要履行保护环境的责任和义务。
关于环境教育的论文范文初中英语
你好,谢谢采纳。祝你成功。答案How to cope with stress You feel anxious, tense and Small problems upset you and you feel overwhelmed by all the things you have to You can't think as clearly as you're easily confused, forgetful and accident- You feel generally run down and You don't have your usual You never really relax because you keep thinking about all the things you have to Sometimes you don't sleep very You don't find much in life to feel joyful There's nothing to look forward These are some of the signs of a common problem called We all suffer feelings of stress sometimes - the anxiety and the feeling that life is hard to cope Sometimes the symptoms of stress are expressed in a physical way - headaches, stomach aches, a pounding heart, a churning feeling in the Stress happens for lots of A crisis can make us feel stressed, but so can everyday problems like worries about work or money,or about relationships or about children's Although a certain amount of stress is normal, too much can contribute to health problems, including heart disease, some types of mental illness and abuse of alcohol or That's why everyone needs to be aware of stress and know how to find good ways of coping with Different things work for different people, but here are some ideas for finding ways that suit you: Sometimes stress isn't caused so much by an event but by our attitude towards People who see difficult situations as challenges to overcome, rather than problems that get them down, usually cope better with Don't make small problems seem bigger than they When something goes wrong, ask yourself: "In ten years' time, will this matter?" Try to avoid stressful situations by better planning - give yourself more time to do things so you're not always rushing Try to avoid people or activities you find Find time to relax each If you think you haven't got time, remember that you will do tasks more quickly and efficiently if you feel rested and less Ways to relax include: spending time alone in a quiet place, focussing on something pleasant - soothing music, a book or magazine, a pet - or even having a long Don't feel guilty about taking time for Go for regular walks or do some other form of exercise you enjoy, such as Tai C Exercise is a great stress- Eat healthy When you feel stressed it can be easy to skip meals and fill up with fatty snack foods, sweets and take-away A diet that includes plenty of bread, rice, pasta and other grains, vegetables and fruit will help you cope Don't dwell on problems or failures you've had in the past, or worry about bad things that may happen in the Concentrate on living in the Talk to Talking about problems can sometimes help solve them, or at least make you feel better about Sometimes other people can give you new ways of looking at problems or of dealing with Contact your local community health centre and ask if they know of any relaxation courses or relaxation tapes available in your Get expert help if nothing you do seems to People who can help you include bi-lingual counsellors or social workers at community health
Protection of the Environment Once man did not have to think about the protection of his There were few people on the earth, and natural resources seemed to be Today things are The world has become too We are using up our natural resources,and polluting our environment with dangerous If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not We realize that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none Yet,with modern fishing methods, more and more fish are We know that if too many trees are cut down, forests will Yet, we continue to use powerful machines to cut down more and more We see that if rivers are polluted with waste products, we will Yet, waste products arestill put into We know that if the population continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years, there won't be enough What can we do to solve these problems? If we eat more vegetables and less meat, there will be more food Land for crops feeds five times more people than land where animals are Our natural resources will last longer if we learn to recycie The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems we shall have a better and cleaner planet in the 保护环境 过去,人们不必担心保护环境的问题。 因为那时地球上人口稀少,自然资源似乎取之不尽。 如今,一切都改变了。世界变得拥挤异常。我们正在耗尽我们的自然资源,有毒化学制品的使用也正污染着环境。如果我们继续这样下去,地球上的生命将不复存在。 我们都知道如果从海里捕捉太多的鱼,海里就不会再有鱼了。但是,现代化的捕鱼技术使得捕鱼量越来越大。我们都知道如果砍伐太多的树木,森林就会消失。但是,我们仍旧使用强大的机械砍伐越来越多的树木。我们都知道如果河水被废弃物污染的话,我们只有死路一条。但是废弃物仍然源源不断地进入河里 我们知道,人口继续照现在这个速度增长的话,不出几年,就会发生食物短缺。我们该如何解决这些问题呢? 如果我们多吃蔬菜,少吃肉类的话,我们就会有更多的食物。因为同样大小的土地如果种庄稼的话会比养殖动物多养活五倍多的人。 如果我们学会再利用的话,自然资源就能持续更久。 如果人们使用现代化的生育控制方法,世界人口就不会增长如此迅猛。 最后,如果我们能够教育人们都意识到这些问题的话,未来我们就会有一个更好、更洁净的星球。
有关环境保护的英语作文(1)With the improvement of our living standard, more and more people can afford a As a result, our roads are more often than not crammed with However, with more and more waste gas being discharged by the cars, the problem of air pollution becomes even more So nowadays we advocate to lead a low-carbon My suggestion is we should ride bikes more often instead of driving By riding a bike, we can not only exercise our body but also protect our Why not have a try, my dear friends?与我们的生活水平的提高,越来越多的人都买得起汽车的。因此,道路往往没有堆满了汽车。然而,随着越来越多的废气排放是汽车、空气污染问题变得更加严重。所以现在我们提倡过低碳的生活。 我的建议是我们应该更经常骑自行车而不是开车骑一辆自行车,我们不仅能锻炼身体,也能保护我们的环境。为什么不试试,我亲爱的朋友?(2) Now, our side of the car constant more up, the environment also increasingly worse! That the air around us there are many harmful Therefore, we want to Sue around things start to For example, we can go to school by bike or walk, it can If you have time can use less elevator, many climb We can not only physical exercise, but also to protect our 现在,我们身边的汽车不断的多了起来,环境也越来越糟糕!以至于我们周围的空气有很多有害物质。所以,我们要苏身边的小事做起。比如,我们可以骑自行车上学或者步行,这样还可以锻炼身体。有时间的话可以少用电梯,多爬楼梯。我们不仅能锻炼身体,也能保护我们的环境。(3)文章文体:议论文。 文章要点:保护环境的重要性;学生在家庭中节约能源的具体做法和感想;今后的打算。 文章框架:文章应该是三部分两段式。第一段(包括要点前两部分)环保的重要性;2 接着是站在学生的角度谈谈家庭节约能源的具体方法,第二段写第三要点,即谈谈今后打算。 重要句型短语:It is important to protect our environment, the energy in the world is turn off the light and other appliance when you ,re not using them, we'd better not waste the energy, use public transportation, recycle the waste,I can learn more to develop new and clear energy, like the energy from the wind and solar 等。 参考例文: With the development of our society, energy in the world becomes more and more limited, so it is quite important for us to save energy and to protect our As a student, there are a lot of methods we can do to save energy at For example, first, we can turn off the light as well as other appliances when we are not using Second, recycle the waste water, paper and other waste so that we can reuse What's more, it is suggested to use public transportation more instead of private Above all, everyone can make a great contribution to our I hope I can learn more to develop new and clear energy, like energy from the wind and (4)Recently we have held a class meeting to discuss what is considered to be honorable behavior and what is (最近我们班开了个班会讨论什么是光荣和耻辱。)It is really a pity to see all this in our (很遗憾在学校看到这些现象)Some students don’t respect their teachers or (不尊敬老是和父母)Some don’t take their studies seriously and cheat in (作业不认真,考试作弊)Some throw wastes everywhere and pollute the environment (到处乱扔垃圾污染环境。)It is honorable to obey the law and rules , care much about our class and study (关心班级、努力学习、遵纪守法是光荣)It is shameful to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve (违反学校纪律、自私 骄傲是可耻的)We should respect others and think more of them than of (我们应该尊敬别人经常关心别人)We should work hard and make much more progress to repay the (我们应该努力学习取得更大进步从而回报社会。)We should try our best to keep the environment clean。(我们应该想方设法保持干净的环境。)(5)There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and the polluted air does great harm to people’s The polluted water causes diseases and What is more, vegetation had been greatly reduced with the rapid growth of modern To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a Legislative steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind 保护环境目前环保还存在着许多问题。最严重的问题就是空气、水和土壤的严重污染。污染的空气对人类的健康十分有害。污染的水引起疼病,造成死亡。更有甚者,随着现代社会的迅速扩建,植被大大的减少。为了保护环境,各国政府做了大量的工作。采用了立法措施控制大气污染,保护森林资源和海洋资源,制止任何环境污染。因此,在当今的环保中政府起着最重要的作用。我的看法是,为了保护环境,政府应当采取更具体的措施。首先,应当通过教育的方法使人们充分謒到环境保护的重要性。第二,应更加努力把计划生育政策付诸实施,因为人口多就意味着污染严重。最后,要严惩那些故意破坏环境者。使他们破坏环境就是毁灭人类自己。
It's Our Duty To Protect Our Environment保护环境是我们的义务It's our duty to protect our Where do we live? The The earth is the only one place we live So you know how important the environment 保护环境是我们的义务。我们居住在哪里?地球。地球是我们唯一居住的地方,所以可想而知环境对于我们的重要性。But now, some people are harming the environment, like cutting down trees, drawing pictures on public walls, littering onto the It's terrible if we still do 但是现在,很多人都在破坏环境,比如砍伐树木,在公共墙壁上乱涂乱画,随地扔垃圾。如果我们继续这样下去是非常可怕的。Now, it's time for all the people in the society to protect the It's our It needs each of us to make a contribution to improving the We should make our environment more and more 现在,是人们保护环境的时候了,这是我们的义务,我们都要为改善环境做贡献,我们应该努力让我们的环境变得更好。
环境教育的论文范文高中英语
Many people are active in fighting against unfair Many people are active in fighting against unfair Many people are active in fighting against unfair Many people are active in fighting against unfair treatment to colored people, women , animals and so treatment to colored people, women , animals and so treatment to colored people, women , animals and so treatment to colored people, women , animals and so Right now I am talking about fighting for respect to our Right now I am talking about fighting for respect to our Right now I am talking about fighting for respect to our Right now I am talking about fighting for respect to our Though the environment doesn't have a mouth Though the environment doesn't have a mouth Though the environment doesn't have a mouth Though the environment doesn't have a mouth to deprecate what humans have doto deprecate what humans have doto deprecate what humans have doto deprecate what humans have done to her, she retaliates ne to her, she retaliates ne to her, she retaliates ne to her, she retaliates through In the early years the Chinese cut down through In the early years the Chinese cut down through In the early years the Chinese cut down through In the early years the Chinese cut down large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and terrible As a result, the Huangtu plateau which terrible As a result, the Huangtu plateau which terrible As a result, the Huangtu plateau which terrible As a result, the Huangtu plateau which was onwas onwas onwas once covered with grass and forests was turned into ce covered with grass and forests was turned into ce covered with grass and forests was turned into ce covered with grass and forests was turned into barrens that supported fewer Another example was barrens that supported fewer Another example was barrens that supported fewer Another example was barrens that supported fewer Another example was in several developed Because many chemical in several developed Because many chemical in several developed Because many chemical in several developed Because many chemical factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, cities were covered with so much poisocities were covered with so much poisocities were covered with so much poisocities were covered with so much poisonous gas that people nous gas that people nous gas that people nous gas that people were killed by the air they breathed What horrible were killed by the air they breathed What horrible were killed by the air they breathed What horrible were killed by the air they breathed What horrible scene!What we are suffering is only a small part of what scene!What we are suffering is only a small part of what scene!What we are suffering is only a small part of what scene!What we are suffering is only a small part of what the nature once If we don't take action to show the nature once If we don't take action to show the nature once If we don't take action to show the nature once If we don't take action to show respect to the environment, we will have to face an respect to the environment, we will have to face an respect to the environment, we will have to face an respect to the environment, we will have to face an increasingly increasingly increasingly increasingly awful awful awful awful
文章文体:议论文。 文章要点:保护环境的重要性;学生在家庭中节约能源的具体做法和感想;今后的打算。 文章框架:文章应该是三部分两段式。第一段(包括要点前两部分)环保的重要性;2 接着是站在学生的角度谈谈家庭节约能源的具体方法,第二段写第三要点,即谈谈今后打算。 重要句型短语:It is important to protect our environment, the energy in the world is turn off the light and other appliance when you ,re not using them, we'd better not waste the energy, use public transportation, recycle the waste,I can learn more to develop new and clear energy, like the energy from the wind and solar 等。 参考例文: With the development of our society, energy in the world becomes more and more limited, so it is quite important for us to save energy and to protect our As a student, there are a lot of methods we can do to save energy at For example, first, we can turn off the light as well as other appliances when we are not using Second, recycle the waste water, paper and other waste so that we can reuse What's more, it is suggested to use public transportation more instead of private Above all, everyone can make a great contribution to our I hope I can learn more to develop new and clear energy, like energy from the wind and (4)Recently we have held a class meeting to discuss what is considered to be honorable behavior and what is (最近我们班开了个班会讨论什么是光荣和耻辱。)It is really a pity to see all this in our (很遗憾在学校看到这些现象)Some students don’t respect their teachers or (不尊敬老是和父母)Some don’t take their studies seriously and cheat in (作业不认真,考试作弊)Some throw wastes everywhere and pollute the environment (到处乱扔垃圾污染环境。)It is honorable to obey the law and rules , care much about our class and study (关心班级、努力学习、遵纪守法是光荣)It is shameful to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve (违反学校纪律、自私 骄傲是可耻的)We should respect others and think more of them than of (我们应该尊敬别人经常关心别人)We should work hard and make much more progress to repay the (我们应该努力学习取得更大进步从而回报社会。)We should try our best to keep the environment clean。(我们应该想方设法保持干净的环境。)(5)There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and the polluted air does great harm to people’s The polluted water causes diseases and What is more, vegetation had been greatly reduced with the rapid growth of modern To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a Legislative steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind 保护环境目前环保还存在着许多问题。最严重的问题就是空气、水和土壤的严重污染。污染的空气对人类的健康十分有害。污染的水引起疼病,造成死亡。更有甚者,随着现代社会的迅速扩建,植被大大的减少。为了保护环境,各国政府做了大量的工作。采用了立法措施控制大气污染,保护森林资源和海洋资源,制止任何环境污染。因此,在当今的环保中政府起着最重要的作用。我的看法是,为了保护环境,政府应当采取更具体的措施。首先,应当通过教育的方法使人们充分謒到环境保护的重要性。第二,应更加努力把计划生育政策付诸实施,因为人口多就意味着污染严重。最后,要严惩那些故意破坏环境者。使他们破坏环境就是毁灭人类自己。
The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later Fortunately, more and more people have realized these Measures have been taken to cope with these problems by the Laws have been passed to stop I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better Harmony with the environment is that we live in on Earth, who is a natural son, and not only to natural persons as the conqueror, as we all know, there is only one earth and the mountains on Earth, the Plant human cells, if it damaged, destroyed nature organizations, to the eradication of Therefore, the environment must be linked with social ethics, character education and practice acts as an important element of Everyone must fulfil its responsibilities and obligations to protect the 译文:地球是我们的家,我们有责任照顾它为我们自己和后代。幸运的是,越来越多的人已经意识到这些问题。已采取措施来对付这些问题的政府。法律已经通过了停止污染。我希望这个问题将得到解决在不久的将来,我们的家园会越来越好 与环境和谐的是,我们生活在地球上,谁是自然的儿子,不仅自然人作为征服者,我们都知道,只有一个地球和地球上山脉的动物。人类细胞植物,如果它损坏,销毁性质组织,以消灭人类。因此,必须在环境与社会伦理,品德教育和实践行为的重要组成部分它。每个人都必须履行其责任和义务来保护环境。
社会生活的信息化和经济的全球化,使英语的重要性日益突出。外语是基础教育阶段的必修课程,英语是外语课程中的主要语种。乍一看,小学英语与小学环境教育是风马牛不相及的,但是经过仔细分析与研究,就可发现:现行的小学英语新教材中,还是渗透着许多与环境教育有关的内容。从而也使小学英语在小学环境教育的领域中发挥着其他学科不可替代的独特作用。
关于环境教育的论文范文高中
生态环境是我们生存的必需品,我们应当加以保护,如果我们稍微不注意,将会酿成无法收拾的后果下面这件事便应证了这一点1992年11月19日,山西省忻州市一位农民张某在忻州地区环境站宿舍工地干活,捡到一个亮晶晶的小东西,便放在上衣口袋里,几小时后,他便出现了恶心、呕吐等症状十几天后,他便不明不白地死去在他生病期间照顾他的父亲和弟弟也得了同样的“病”而相继去世,妻子也病得不轻后来经过医务工作者的调查,才找到了真正的病因,那个亮晶晶的小东西是废弃的钴60,其放射程度高达10居里,足以“照死人”经过调查,这个废弃的放射源―钴60是属于忻州地区科委的1973年,当时的忻州县地区行署科技局即现在的忻州地区科委,为了培育良种,就在上海医疗器械厂的帮助下筹建了钴60的辐照装置后来,这几个钴源的克镭当量弱化,钴源装置不再需要1981年,忻州科委迁往新址,原址由地区划归忻州地区环境监测站但是钴60辐照室和两间附属操作室仍归科委占用同学们,如果不是科委的粗心大意,不是生态环境的污染和破坏,那些无辜的人会死吗?如果这还不足以使人信服,下面这些数据一定能让你目瞪口呆有资料表明:目前全球人口正以每年9000多万人的幅度增长,世界人口到2000年已达到60亿,到本世纪中期,将达100亿全球已有30%的土地因人类的活动遭致退化,每年流失土壤约240亿吨全世界中的病菌和污染物每年造成2500万人死亡全球每年向大气中排放的二氧化碳约有230亿吨,比上个世纪初增加了25%与此同时,空气中的颗粒物质、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、硫化氢等污染物也大量增加全世界森林面积以每年约1700万公顷的速度消失,平均每天有140种生物消亡等 同学们,所有这一切都在向人类发出警示:人类在破坏地球环境的同时,也在毁灭着自己。人类只有一个地球,尊重地球就是尊重生命,拯救地球就是拯救未来。保护生态环境吧,保护我们赖以生存的地球!!
新的世纪,我们渴望干净的地球,渴望健康的生命,渴望环保的家园,渴望绿色、渴望健康遍地开花…… 。伟大的事业,需要伟大的创造。让我们这群新世纪的见证者义不容辞地承担起各自的使命,共创绿色环保、健康卫生的新社会。我们相信,总有那么一天,绿色将会在全国的每一个角落闪烁醉人的星光! 生态环境是人类赖以生存的基本条件,地球是人类居住的唯一地方。此次突如其来的“禽流感”,又一次唤起人们的环境认识觉醒。全民全面认识环境必须从现在做起、从自己做起、从社区做起、从城市做起的姿态已经得到共识。保护环境,爱护环境,清洁环境,美化环境,得到空前无比的重视。个人环境、城市环境及社会环境的先觉觉醒与教育普及意识,将是灭绝任何病毒侵害地球的原动力。在“禽流感”形势仍然严峻的今天,我们发起了这样一份倡议书。 环境保护与综合治理的强化,良好文明卫生习惯的养成,才是真正防范和灭绝任何病毒肆虐的源头。开展环境教育,提高全民族的环境意识是解决环境问题最根本,最有效的措施和手段。 胡锦涛总书记在中央人口资源环境工作会上强调,“环境保护工作,要着眼于人民喝上干净的水,呼吸清洁的空气、吃上放心的食物,在良好的环境中生产、生活、坚持预防为主,防治结合,集中力量先解决危害群众健康的突出问题。” 毋庸讳言,我国环境问题相当严重,保护环境,必将是一场持久战,需要政府及各职能部门的重视和支持,需要全社会的参与,而这场战争取胜的关键就在于你、我、他,在于我们每个人保护环境的责任感和使命感。因此我们倡议,全社会都行动起来,投身于环保事业当中。环保事业需要广大人民群众的一腔热忱,一份认真。我们要从不随地吐痰,不乱抛纸屑、垃圾做起;从节约每一滴水,珍惜每一棵树做起,从爱护花草,绿化环境做起,认识到这是每个公民的责任,让我们做好环境保护工作。 1.树立绿色文明观念,自觉关心环境状况,遵守环境保护法律法规,把个人环保行为视为个人文明修养的组成部分; 2.为减少空气污染,节约能源尽量使用公共交通工具、自行车或步行;使用无铅汽油,购买小排气量的轿车;节约用电,做到人走灯灭;随时关紧电冰箱的门;使用节能灯具;购买无氟、节能冰箱等高效低能耗电器; 3.为珍惜水资源,减少水污染,节约淋浴用水,缩短淋浴时间;安装节水龙头;用节水型抽水马桶;、减少使用洗洁精;购买使用无磷、生物可降解的洗涤用品; 4.为保护森林、矿产等自然资源, 购买再生材料制成的或能再生利用的、可维护、可多次长期使用的商品;尽量减少使用一次性纸杯、木筷和餐盒等;节省纸张,少寄些贺卡; 5.为珍惜土地,购物时自备购物袋;支持落叶堆肥,不焚烧落叶;支持和参与废纸、废玻璃、废塑料和废金属的回收利用;爱护公共绿地;尽量减少生活垃圾。 地球只有一个,她的生命是脆弱的,不能因为我们为着眼前的发展和获得微小利益,以肆虐的行为,无“度”的获取,使本已脆弱的躯体更加脆弱!保护地球,就是保护我们自已。从现在开始,让我们劝告和阻止不环保行为,还中国一片蓝天。
1 环境意识的内涵与特点环境意识是反映人与自然环境和谐与可持续发展的一种新的价值观念,是人与自然环境关系所反映的社会思想、理论、情感、意志、知觉等观念形态的总和。环境意识的产生是人类对人与环境关系认识的一次伟大的觉醒。以往社会发展只有人类目标,没有环境目标,常常以损害和牺牲环境的方式去实现人类的需要。特别是18世纪后页工业革命以来,人类依靠先进科学技术武装起来的强大生产力,无限制地向自然进攻,一方面掠夺式地开发自然资源,拼命地向自然索取,损害了地球的基本生态过程,出现了滥伐森林、草场退化、沙漠扩大、土地退化、水土流失、物种灭绝等严重问题;另一方面,人类不断向环境排放废弃物,超越了自然净化能力,出现了大气污染、水源污染、土壤污染、生物污染,以及一系列严重的、全球性的环境问题。正是在这样的生态形势下,爆发了世界环境保护运动,环境问题成为社会关注的一个焦点,环境保护被作为社会的重要目标提了出来,整个公众意识发生了重要变化。思想家在预测未来世界的主要议事日程时,把世界环境退化对人类生存的威胁放在重要位置;哲学家呼吁摒弃人类中心主义,确立人类与自然和谐发展的价值方向,建立尊重自然的哲学;科学家在确定科研课题时,把经济社会发展引起的环境退化、资源短缺、人口增长过快等问题作为主要挑战,拟定人类与自然关系的新的理论和实践方案;政治家纷纷提出环境保护方案,把环境保护与更广泛的政治和经济目标结合起来,环境保护成为国际合作的重要主题;企业家和农场主开始关心自己的产品设计和生产的生态学意义,纷纷把环境保护列入企业发展目标,开发绿色技术或生态技术,出现了社会物质生产生态化的趋势;更有越来越多的公众,抛弃消费主义的生活方式,出现了"绿色消费"的潮流,喜欢购买与环境保护有关的产品,如绿色食品、生态时装、绿色汽车、冰箱和空调器等等受到消费者青睐而走俏市场。环境意识体现了人类价值观的完善与进步。其特征是:(l)环境意识的科学基础是人类生态学而不是地理学。它所反映的社会存在不仅仅指生态环境这一特定的客观存在,这是地理学的定义。环境意识所反映的社会存在,作为社会物质生活的条件,它是人类学的环境,或社会的自然,是人类活动改变了的自然界。它的关键是人与自然的关系,人与自然环境相互作用。它不仅强调自然生态的变化,而且强调人类活动对环境的作用和引起环境的变化,以及环境对社会发展的作用,即环境的价值。(2)环境意识具有整体性的特点。它强调综合思维,不仅把地球生态系统看成是一个有机整体,而且人类、社会和自然界的相互联系和相互作用构成了统一的有机整体。包括自然生态整体性,人类利益和人类实践的整体性以及人类与自然的整体性。同时,它也十分重视自然生态系统、人类利益和人类实践,以及不同地域的人类与自然关系的多样性和差异性,强调从这种多样性和差异性中把握整体性。因而其思维方式是分析与综合的统一。(3)环境意识依据生态系统整体性的观点,认为人类改造和利用自然有一个限度,超过这一限度即会导致生命维持系统的破坏,因而需要把人类活动限制在某一历史时期生态系统能承受的限度内。(4)环境意识在根本价值观上有重大突破。它主张在突破人类中心主义价值观的基础上,确立人类与自然和谐与可持续发展的价值方向,并依据新的价值观放弃传统的社会发展模式,实现社会物质生产方式和社会生活方式的重大变革。2. 环境意识教育是中小学实施素质教育的重要组成部分全面实施素质教育,是我国为加快实施"科教兴国战略"与"可持续发展战略"而作出的一个重大决策。实现可持续发展这一目标意味着一场变革,包括人类价值观以及人类生产方式和生活方式的变革。其中以新价值观的形成为核心的环境意识的产生与发展具有先导性的作用。而素质教育本身就是一种培养可持续发展人才的教育思想,其根本宗旨在于提高全体国民的整体素质,促进国家与社会的可持续发展。要解决中国的环境保护问题,必须提高人民的环境素质,最根本的是从教育抓起,特别是从幼儿、中小学学生的教育抓起,使国民从小就受到环境科学知识的教育,具有环境意识,具备环保技能,养成在生产和生活中自觉保护环境的良好习惯。环境保护,教育为本。环境意识不可能自发、自动地产生,主要靠教育和实际行动。早在1975年联合国贝尔格莱德"国际环境教育研讨会"就制定了《贝尔格莱德宪章》,提出环境教育不仅向学生提供环境知识,更要培养其环境的态度和价值。1977年1月的赫尔辛基区域性国际环境教育会议建议:环境教育要贡献于人类共同的福利,关切全人类的生活,就要加强环境价值意识。1977年10月的政府间合作的国际环境教育第比利斯会议宣布:环境教育的目标在于供应给每个人去获得保护及改进环境所需要的知识、价值、态度、承诺及技术。为此,我国由国家环保局、中央宣传部、国家教委联合印发的《全国环境宣传教育行动纲要》(1996-2010年)指出:"环境教育是提高全民族思想道德素质和科学文化素质(包括环境意识在内)的基本手段之一。"中小学环境教育是素质教育的重要组成部分,环境意识的形成对人的环境素质养成具有重要的奠基作用。环境教育是价值教育,是面向未来的的一项伟业。中小学阶段是青少年儿童长身体、长知识、意识观念逐步形成的时期。他们今天在接受基础教育时,如果能学到环境科学知识,具有一定的环境意识和保护环境的责任感和义务感,将来走上职业岗位后,就不会重蹈人类过去非持续发展的覆辙。我国每年出生人口约1700多万,在校生约2亿多人。贯彻从小抓起的方针,通过学校教育,培养一代又一代青少年的环境意识,是提高全民族环境意识的基础工程。在我国,如果没有各阶层公众环境意识的提高,特别是青少年一代环境意识的提高,环境意识就不可能成为全民族深层的自觉意识,那么即使制定了非常好的可持续发展的战略,也很有可能只是作为一种设想存在,难以变成全民族的实践行动而得到多施。在这个意义上,提高青少年的环境意识与素质具有关键性的意义。中小学环境素质教育任重而道远。3.使学生牢固树立几个重要的环境意识,培养学生的环保素质环境处理和保护环境是一个现代人无法回避的问题,是人们终身学习的一大课题。1992年联合国"世界环境与发展首脑会议"通过了《里约环境与发展宣言》、《21世纪行动议程》,标志着可持续发展开始由理论走向行动。1994年,中国政府根据环发大会的基本精神,编制了《中国21世纪议程》,提出强化环境教育,提高国民的整体环保意识与素质。1999年,中共中央、国务院在《关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定》指出:"全面推进素质教育,要面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来,使受教育者坚持学习科学文化与加强思想修养的统一,坚持学习书本知识与投身社会实践的统一,坚持实现自身价值与服务祖国人民的统一"。 健康而完整的环境意识是21世纪国民必须具备的基本素质之一。环境教育的目的在于使所有的人都意识到人类与环境相互作用的复杂性,使所有的人都掌握一定的解决环境问题的能力,养成保护环境的道德责任感,形成正确的环境价值观和态度。因之,环境意识培养是素质教育的重要载体,必须确定环境保护意识教育这一"国策教育"在中小学教育中的重要地位与作用,努力培养中小学学生的环境素质,在中小学学生中树立正确而全面的环境意识。
社会生活的信息化和经济的全球化,使英语的重要性日益突出。外语是基础教育阶段的必修课程,英语是外语课程中的主要语种。乍一看,小学英语与小学环境教育是风马牛不相及的,但是经过仔细分析与研究,就可发现:现行的小学英语新教材中,还是渗透着许多与环境教育有关的内容。从而也使小学英语在小学环境教育的领域中发挥着其他学科不可替代的独特作用。
教师环境教育论文范文高中英语
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了解文化差异,提高跨文化交际能力东莞市石龙第三中学 李秀文【摘要】在跨文化交际中,由于中西方社交礼仪上存在差异,中西方人士在社会交往活动中常常发生误会和冲突,其根本原因则是文化环境的差异形成的认知差异。本文主要分析了中西方人士在问候语、饮食、时空、价值观和道德标准等方面的差异,从而避免文化冲突,以提高跨文化交际能力。【关键词】文化差异、跨文化交际能力一、引言随着中国申办2008年奥运会的成功和加入世贸组织,英语尤其是英语口语在当今社会有着越来越重要的作用。如何更好的进行跨文化交际已经成为目前首要解决的问题。“跨文化交际”的英语名称是“cross-cultural communication”。它指本族语者与非本族语者之间的交际, 也指任何在语言和文化背景方面有差异的人们之间的交际。由于不同的民族所处的生态、物质、社会及宗教等环境不同, 因而各自的语言环境产生了不同的语言习惯、社会文化、风土人情等语境因素。不同文化背景造成人们说话方式或习惯不同。在交流中, 人们总喜欢用自己的说话方式来解释对方的话语,这就可能对对方的话语做出不准确的推论, 从而产生冲突和矛盾。因此,更重要的是要注重文化差异的教学。了解中西方文化差异对于提高跨文化交际能力有着极其重要的意义,它能帮助我们正确理解西方人的言行,在交际过程中,充分了解对方,尊重对方的习俗,以取得最佳的交际效果。二、中西跨文化交际中经常出现的文化差异在中西跨文化交际中会出现的文化差异有很多种,在这里我们不可能一一叙述,只能列出比较常见的几种。问候语的差异朋友们间通常会互致问候来促进人际关系,英语常常用的问候语“Hi/Hello!”(你好!)How are you? (你好吗?)Good morning!(早上好!)Good evening(晚上好!) 以上的问候语在中国人之间却很少用,我们中国人在打招呼时常用的是:“你吃过饭了吗?”这是中国人问候的常见方式。其实并非真想知道对方是否吃过了饭。然而在英语中,这种问候语就不是在打招呼了,而表示邀请对方一块进餐的意思。汉语中另一个常见的问候语是“你到哪儿去?”或是“你干什么去?”,我们可以随便给个回答,并非真是想了解问候人到哪儿去或做什么事去。如这样去问西方人,他们往往会不高兴的,会认为这样的问题干涉了他们的私事。所以,不了解中西方文化差异,是不可避免地产生许多误会。认真学习和正确运用英语问候的差异是尤其重要的。2赞扬与祝贺的差异当英美国家的人向我们中国人表示赞扬或祝贺时,我们即使心里高兴,嘴上难免要谦虚一番。这大概是我 们中国人认为"谦虚"是一种美德的缘故,认为不这样,就是对别人的不敬。例如:一位外国旅游者对导游小 姐说:"Your English is quite (你英语说得很流利)。"这位导游小姐谦虚地回 答:"No, My English is very (不,不,我的英语讲得不好)。对 于中国人的谦虚回答, 英美人会误解为对方 对自己的判断力表示怀疑。又如:在一次舞会上,一位美国人赞扬一位中国女士说:"You look beautiful today (你今天很漂亮)。"这位中国女士谦虚地说:"Where(哪里)、Where(哪里)。" 幸亏这位美国人懂 一点汉语习惯,非常巧妙地说了一句:"Every-where (到 处)" 根据英美人的习惯,当他们赞扬别人时,总希望别人以道谢或爽快接受的方式作答,而不希望以谦虚、客气的方式作答。对于上面两位的赞扬,恭维话 , 英美人的回答是:"Thank you! ""Thank you for saying "3时空方面的差异西方人的时间观和金钱观是联系在一起的,时间就是金钱的观念根深蒂固,所以它们非常珍惜时间,在生活中往往对时间都做了精心的安排和计划,并养成了按时赴约的好习惯。在西方,要拜访某人,必须事先通知或约定,并说明拜访的目的、时间和地点,经商定后方可进行。而中国人则属于多向时间习惯的国家,在时间的使用上具有很大的随意性,一般不会像那样严格的按照计划进行,西方人对此往往感到不适应。中国的上班时间时间为上午8:00—12:00,下午2:00—6:00;而美国则是9:00—12:00;下午1:00—4:00,中国人中午有午休的习惯,因此中午是时间稍长一些,所以,如果我们在中午一点钟接到电话,也许会推断那准是件紧急的事。可是对于西方人来讲一般不会出现这种推断。空间方面,美国人类雪茄E T Hall认为,在相互交际时,人们对空间领域有一定要求。“体距语”是交际者用空间距离传递的信息。根据人际间亲昵和疏远程度,在交际距离上有不同的要求。大致可以分为:亲昵距离:0到105英尺;个人距离:5到4英尺;社会距离:4到12英尺;公共距离:12到25英尺;远距离:25英尺以上。在外国,亲昵距离除适合于父母、子女、夫妻之间外,同性朋友交往时也很少保持这样的距离,不然,会使双方感到非常不安。但在中国文化中,尤其在通常青年朋友交往时,常常会出现亲昵距离――手拖手得散步,相互搂抱以表示亲热等。4餐饮习俗方面的冲突中华民族素有热情好客的优良传统。在交际场合和酒席上,热情的中国人常常互相敬烟敬酒。中国人宴客,即使美味佳肴摆满一桌,主人也总习惯讲几句“多多包涵”等客套话。主人有时会用筷子往客人的碗里夹菜,用各种办法劝客人多吃菜、多喝酒。而在西方国家,人们讲求尊重个人权益和个人隐私,所以他们不会做强人所难的事。吃饭的时候,绝不会硬往你碗里夹菜,自己想吃什么就吃什么,他们也不会用各种办法劝客人喝酒,不会非要你喝醉了为止。5社会语言的差异Peter grudgill在《社会语言学》一书中指出:“一个社会所用语言中的词汇体现出该文化与其他文化的主要差别”。A、一个常见的英语与汉语之间内涵和词汇之间差别的词是“亲爱的(dear)”,在英语中,dear这个词可用在许多场合下表示对某人的尊敬、羡慕、爱情或是作为称呼别人的一种习惯,不表示任何特殊的感情。而英语国家的人们在夫妻、情人或父母和孩子之间,如想表达非常亲密的关系时,他们常常用“亲爱的(darling)”来表示。中国人在感情表达方面趋于含蓄,所以很少用“亲爱的”来称呼别人。B、在中国,peasant(贫农)和laborer(劳工)含有正面的、积极的含义,但对西方国家来说,却有某种反面的、消积的意味。相反,landlord(地主),landlady(房主),boss(老板)对中国人来说有一定的贬义,而在西方国家却不是这样。6价值观与道德标准的差异A、个性自由与团结协作西方人十分珍视个人自由,喜欢随心所欲,独往独行,不愿受限制。中国文化则更多地强调集体主义,主张个人利益服从集体利益,主张同甘共苦,团结合作,步调一致B 自我中心与无私奉献西方人自我中心意识和独立意识很强,主要表现在:(1 )自己为自己负责。在弱肉强食的社会,每个人 生存方式及生存质量都取决于自己的能力,因此,每个人都必须自我奋斗,把个人利益放在第一位。(2)不习 惯关心他人,帮助他人,不过问他人的事情。(3)正由于以上两点,主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助在西方常常是令人难堪的事。因为接受帮助只能证明自己无能,而主动帮助别人会被认为是干涉别人私事。 中国人的行为准则是“我对他人,对社会是否有用”,个人的价值是在奉献中体现出来的。中国文化推崇一种高尚的情操——无私奉献。在中国,主动关心别人,给人以无微不至的体贴是一种美德,因此,中国人不论别人的大事小事,家事私事都愿主动关心,而这在西方会被视为“多管闲事”,甚至是侵犯别人的隐私。C、创新精神与中庸之道西方文化鼓励人民开拓创新,做一番前人未做过的、杰出超凡的事业。而传统的中国文化则要求人们不偏不倚,提倡踏踏实实的务实作风,走中庸之道,中国人善于预见未来的危险性,更愿意维护现状,保持和谐。7文化差异具有很强的地区差异性同样是西方国家,美国跟英国的文化差异之大是人们所熟悉的,美国是一个移民国家,(melting pot)具有丰富多彩的文化,融合进取是主流,而英国是夕日的帝国老大,崇尚高贵,保守守旧。因而形成很不同的生活风格。这就要求在跟不同国家的人交流和沟通时要注意其文化的差异,不能一刀切。三.英语教学中培养跨文化交际能力的措施从以上的分析可以看出,在我们与外国人的交往过程中,确实存在着很多文化方面的差异,直接影响到了跨文化交际的效果,为了改变这一状况,我们极有必要在实际教学中培养学生的跨文化交际能力,具体措施如下:1授课教师要转变观念在我国目前的教学体系中,外语教学多半只在课堂上进行,教师起着绝对的主导作用。如果教师只把重点放在语法和词汇教学上,学生就不可能学会语言的实际运用,也无法获得跨文化交际的能力。因此,授课的教师必须要转变自己的观念,切实认识到文化冲突的危害性和培养学生跨文化交际能力的重要性。同时,教师还要加强学习,提高自身的综合文化素质,只有这样,才能全面把握英语文化知识教育的量与度,以及教学的具体步骤和方法,以达到预期的教学目的。2改进现有的教学方法一直以来,英语教学侧重点都放在了语言知识的传授上,而忽略了跨文化交际能力的培养。为了改变这种情况,我们必须改进教学方法,在质和量两个方面对课堂教学中的文化教学加以控制,并充分利用现代化的教学手段(电影、投影仪、互联网等)来调动学生的学习积极性。此外还可以举行一些专题性的活动,以满足学生的求知欲望,培养出具有较高跨文化交际能力的人才。但是值得注意的是,在改进教学方法时,一定要使新的内容与学生所学的语言知识紧密联系,并与语言交际实践紧密结合。3重视非语言交际能力的培养非语言交际也是一种重要的交际方式,指的是在特定的情景或语境中使用非语言行为交流和理解信息的过程,它们不是真正的语言单位,但在生活和交际中有时候却能表达出比语言更强烈的含义,一些特定的非语言行为往往代表着特定的含义,在跨文化交际中必须加以重视。中西文化背景下的非语言文化内涵差异非常大。例如,中国人信奉“沉默是金”,认为沉默里含有丰富的信息,甚至“此时无声胜有声”,而英语国家的人对此颇感不舒服。西方人交谈时,听者一般都会长时间注视对方的眼神,以示听者的认真和对说话者的尊重,但是在中国人看来,这是一种不礼貌的行为,因为中国人不习惯于对方长时间地盯着自己看。4引导学生广泛接触西方文化材料,增加语言习得英语教学的课时非常有限,但学生在课余有充分的可支配时间,因此不能仅仅依靠教师在课堂上的教学来培养跨文化交际能力,教师要引导学生利用课外时间广泛阅读有关西方文化的趣味读物,增加文化素养,拓宽西方文化视野,提高跨文化交际能力。另外,还应充分发挥多媒体在西方文化传播中的作用,互联网上有很多文化教材,也可能让学生直接与外国人交流,听外教做报告或讲课,其言传身教会对学生起到一种潜移默化的作用。四、结束语大家都知道语言是文化的载体, 是文化的结晶,是反映文化的一面镜子。希望老师们能做一个有心人,平时尽力摄取英美国家社会文化生活的最新信息,在提高自身跨文化交际意识的同时把这些信息融入自己的教学实践中,结合文化背景和任务型教学模式进行语言教学,让学生能进行成功的跨文化交际——了解文化,尊重他人,地道的交际。【参考文献】[1]任雪萍“中西方不同文化环境下礼仪的差异[J]”,《安徽电力职工大学学报》2003年第3期,121-[2]邓慧“论中西方文化对礼仪的影响[J]”,《沿海企业与科技》2005年第8,23-[3]孙爱珍“中西方礼仪文化的差异[J]”,《山西教育学院学报》2002年第2期,17-[4]许果、梅林“文化差异与跨文化交际能力的培养”,《重庆大学学报》(社科版)2002年第8卷第6期,121-123[5]顾江禾“东西方文化对比小议”,《太原重型机械学院学报》2001年第22卷第4期,279-282[6]吴锋针“中西习俗文化‘冲突’”,《绥化师专学报》2003年第1期,90-92[7]程晓莉“英语跨文化交际教学的思考”,《安徽农业大学学报》(社会科学版)2003年第5期,105-107