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陶瓷艺术的论文题目大全高中英语

发布时间:2024-07-09 00:08:35

陶瓷艺术的论文题目大全高中英语

论陶瓷之种类论近代陶瓷工业的发展

Ceramic processOne, wash kaolin is the best raw materials for firing porcelain, for thousands of years, how many high-quality goods ceramics are from these humble clay evolved, the first process porcelain: Amoy mud, is to wash into usable porcelain Two, pile of mud Amoy good porcelain clay could not immediately use, to separate, pile into the column, to facilitate the storage and the Three, the good will of porcelain clay into a large turntable, by rotating the turntable, hands and drawing tools, will pull into a porcelain porcelain Four, Indian slab pull porcelain good is only a prototype, but also need to do shape selecting different impression will porcelain printing into various Five, trimming the freshly printed rough uneven thickness, through the process of trimming printed blank shaving neat and Six, Na Na water water is an essential procedure, namely, use clean water to remove the dust on the blank, prepare for the next draw billet, glaze Seven, paint painting blank in blank is one of the characteristics of ceramic art, painting blank has many kinds, a style, a good paste paper sketches, no matter how painting blanks are ceramic process Eight, glazed porcelain painting good, rough and Daise, good glaze is completely different, smooth and bright: glazing technique is different, have different Nine, kiln the Millennium kiln fire, which does not stop, after dozens of tools carved fine porcelain, subjected to thousands of degrees firing in the kiln, just like an ugly duckling into a beautiful swan will Ten, after several days of Shaolian porcelain, porcelain kiln has become pieces of fine porcelain, from the open door to talent showing itself unable to hold oneself back

"陶瓷"是一种通称,"陶"和"瓷"在质地上、物理性能上有很大区别。中国是最早制造陶器的国家之一,是最早发明瓷器的国家。 陶器的出现大约在距今1万年左右,中国进入新石器时代,开始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的发明。中国陶器的分布比较广泛,主要集中的在黄河流域和长江流域。其中仰韶文化是新石器时期比较有代表性的文化类型,以彩陶为特点,也称"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和庙底沟两个类型,装饰图案有很高的艺术价值。马家窑文化是新石器晚期的文化类型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今约5000年。黑陶是继彩陶之后的又一伟大创造发明,距今约4000年的龙山文化时期,出现了工艺独特的蛋壳陶。近些年来,山东、河北一带多有仿制,有较高的收藏价值。秦汉时期的陶俑,是我国古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技术和艺术达到了很高的境地。此外,唐代的三彩器、明清两代的紫砂器等,都是中国陶器文物的重要内容,很值得深入收藏和研究。 陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的总称。陶瓷的传统概念是指所有以粘土等无机非金属矿物为原料的人工工业产品。它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物经混炼,成形,煅烧而制成的各种制品。由最粗糙的土器到最精细的精陶和瓷器都属于它的范围。对于它的主要原料是取之于自然界的硅酸盐矿物(如粘土、长石、石英等),因此与玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工业,同属于"硅酸盐工业"(Silicate Industry)的范畴。 陶瓷的发展史是中华文明史的一个重要的组成部分,中国作为四大文明古国之一,为人类社会的进步和发展做出了卓越的贡献,其中陶瓷的发明和发展更具有独特的意义,中国历史上各朝各代不同艺术风格和不同技术特点。英文中的"china"既有中国的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中国就是"陶瓷的故乡"。changaiyin 早在欧洲人掌握瓷器制造技术一千多年前,中国人就已经制造出很精美的陶瓷器。中国是世界上最早应用陶器的国家之一,而中国瓷器因其极高的实用性和艺术性而备受世人的推崇。 所谓陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石矿做胎体,用长石和石英等原料制釉,并且通过成型、干燥、烧制而成的制品,主要有日用、艺术、和建筑陶器等三种。考古发现已经证明中国人早在新石器时代(约公元前8000)就发明了陶器。原始社会晚期出现的农业生产使中国人的祖先过上了比较固定的生活,客观上对陶器有了需求。人们为了提高生活的方便,提高生活质量,逐渐通过烧制粘土烧制出了陶器。 随着近代科学技术的发展,近百年来又出现了许多新的陶瓷品种。它们不再使用或很少使用粘土、长石、石英等传统陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至扩大到非硅酸盐,非氧化物的范围,并且出现了许多新的工艺。美国和欧洲一些国家的文献已将"Ceramic"一词理解为各种无机非金属固体材料的通称。因此陶瓷的含义实际上已远远超越过去狭窄的传统观念了。 迄今为止,陶瓷器的界说似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用铝硅酸盐矿物或某些氧化物等为主要原料,依照人的意图通过特定的物理化学工艺在高温下以一定的温度和气氛制成的具有一定型式的工艺岩石。表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷质还具有不同程度的半透明度,通体是由一种或多种晶体或与无定形胶结物及气孔或与熟料包裹体等微观结构组成。 陶瓷工业是硅酸盐工业的主要分支之一,属于无机化学工业范围但现代科学高度综合,互相渗透,从整个陶瓷工业制造工艺的内容来分析,它的错综复杂与牵涉之广,显然不是仅用无机化学的理论所能概括的。 陶瓷制品的品种繁多,它们之间的化学成分矿物组成,物理性质,以及制造方法,常常互相接近交错,无明显的界限,而在应用上却有很大的区别。因此很难硬性地归纳为几个系统,详细的分类法各家说法不一,到现在国际上还没有一个统一的分类方法。"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River B Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial industrial It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, ), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as industry, with an "industrial silicate" (Silicate Industry ) A The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of " changaiyin As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the products, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural production so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, gradually burn through the burning out of the clay With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro- Portland ceramic industry is one of the main branches of industry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic industry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be A wide variety of ceramic products, their chemical Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform

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陶瓷艺术的论文题目大全初中英语

⒈陶艺是_陶瓷艺术_的简称,是陶瓷制造和审美艺术的完美结合⒉仰韶文化:公元_1921_年,首次在河南蝇池县仰韶村发现得名制陶工艺特点是_泥条成型和彩绘装饰_,代表作品是_人面彩陶盆_⒊龙山文化:公元前_1928_年,发现于山东章丘龙山镇而得名制陶工艺特点是_轮制陶器____,代表作品是__蛋壳高柄杯_⒋中国自唐宋以来,瓷器远销世界各地,在欧洲各国特别畅销,被称为"瓷器之国",英文"CHINA"的原意为_瓷器_⒌在宋代,闻名于世的五大名窑为:_官__汝__定__哥__钧_其中的"哥窑"窑址在_龙泉_⒍陶瓷按用途主要分为:_艺术瓷_、_日用瓷_、_建筑瓷_、_卫生瓷_特种瓷等。⒎制作泥条有那些方法:_手工搓制和机压_制作泥板有那些方法:_手工拍制和机压_⒏陶与瓷有哪些主要区别?外观的粗狂与精致,声音的沉闷和清脆,胎质的细腻与粗糙,吸水率的大与小等⒐想一想,你知道陶艺(制陶)有哪些基本技法?手工制作,模具,机压等等⒑原始人为生活发现陶器,陶艺家为展现自己的思想和个性创作陶艺作品,通过<<陶艺>>课的学习,你有何体会、建议和要求?

又来个二中的 、擦 、不发书 、

论陶瓷之种类论近代陶瓷工业的发展

= =尼玛 还真是2中的

陶瓷艺术的论文题目大全高中

从传统文化继承创新角度剖析“青花热”作者:郁虎妹  时间:2009-4-3 17:02:00  来源:论文天下论文网摘要:北京奥运的青花系列的礼服,把人们对青花瓷宠爱推向极致。对传统文化瑰宝的爱慕,值得欣喜,但是其推崇方式,从传统文化的量变式和质变式的继承创新角度分析,值得担忧。下文,笔者对此提出自己的看法。关键词:传统文化继承创新 量变式 质变式 青花瓷 正文:对中华传统文化的继承与创新发展一直是炎黄子孙的华夏情结,政府及学术界都很关注这个问题,从非物质文化遗产的保护条例的实施可见一斑。然而,如何继承创新却是个争论的话题。一般意义上来说,艺术的创新是指艺术在原有的基础上有了新的发展、新的突破,它在艺术生命中起着变化、促进、增长、更新的作用。艺术的创新和发展从性质上来说,可以分为量变式的创新与质变式的创新两个方面。量变式的创新主要是指在一种艺术范围里其发展只是一些量的变化,而没有质的变化。质变式的创新则是指突破了原有艺术的性质和范围,创作出了完全新的艺术作品。笔者认为这两者关系可以理解为形似和神似的关系。保护、收藏、修缮、翻新、展览只是一种保存标本的方式,就像把熊猫放到保护区精心喂养以供参观是一样的,物种的苟延残喘而已,不是继承,更不是创新发展。目前的演绎的“青花热”潮流,足以窥见我们的方式深值疑问。青花瓷,作为中国瓷(China)中魁冠,其瓷胎骨细腻晶莹柔润,花色清新明丽幽静雅致,釉色光亮洁净白中泛青,气质典雅清新,极具中国传统墨画之神韵。其对于中国文化的阐述,在国际上颇具影响力。我们希望青花瓷作为民族的骄傲,以其独特的艺术手法影响世界对中华民族文化的敬仰,并能在现代工艺、现代文明的环境下传播并创造一定的经济文化效益。青花瓷是艺术殿堂的瑰宝,是文人艺术家手中的爱物,是收藏家的猎物,是博物馆的珍品,是东方中国的传统文化标签。从荧屏热播赵雅芝主演的《青花》到风靡大江南北的周杰伦演唱的《青花瓷》,从奥运会水上项目的“青花瓷”系列颁奖礼服到北京地铁10号线北土城站的“青花瓷”立柱,“青花瓷”已更多地成为彰显中国文化的载体,担负着传播中国文化的责任。青花瓷如飓风卷入寻常人的听觉视觉甚至触觉,掀起一股“青花热”潮流。随着大量“中国元素”在北京奥运会上的亮相,以“青花瓷”这一闻名世界、充满中国文化元素的设计正越来越多地走进人们的视野。以下,取几个代表性的实例来展开分析:一、量变式创新,即形的简单模仿。1、直接对传统青花瓷产品形态的现代翻版。下面四个例子是对传统青花瓷工艺品或日用品的直接拿来利用。其中图一是以王步为代表的文人画风格的青花,仍属于量变式的创新。具有青花瓷本身的大致形态,只是做了基本的形态的突破和装饰图案的创新。 2、直接借用青花瓷具象的形态纹饰进行二次创作。以下图例依次为青花瓷地毯、扬帆青岛的广告招贴、相机制造商Lomography 合作推出Diana 青花图案相机、北京10号线的北土城站与奥运支线相交入口、座椅及手枪纹饰、DVD的包装设计、惠普的青花瓷打印机。不禁惊叹从家具用品到电子产品、从宣传招贴到公共设施、从服装品牌到手枪纹饰,虽材料造型功能各异,但皆采用青花瓷的原本具象图案。不可否认的是,即便你第一次或单独看到他们时是多么的振奋与欣赏,可是在此处当它们聚集在一起的时候,我敢说“豪无创意”反似小儿科的贴图。让蕴含深厚文化的古典隽永高雅的青花瓷,变得象一阵流行的时尚风。 二、质变式创新,即神的提炼升华。下图依次为:坐落在“绿色家园媒体村”的“青花瓷”ATM自动提款机、奥运礼仪服装和瓷质便筏概念设计。脱离了传统青花瓷的造型图案,现代视觉中多了份宁静、大气与优雅,透出的仅仅是青花的经典气质,然而每个设计却又明确告诉人们自己的功能与特色,透过自身设计展示自己的魅力,而不是借助青花瓷形态。我们不会感叹这种对传统文化艺术的神的提炼,因为在传统文化分析中前辈早已对青花瓷的风格气质做了最凝练的叙述,但是我们赞赏设计师们能在理解吸收,并在现实的设计中把这些灵魂结合产品功能诉求用设计的形态视觉语言表达出来。在这里不得不提到出生于苏州的国际建筑大师贝律铭先生设计的苏州博物馆——很现代,很中国,很苏州的古老的现代建筑。他以绝妙的艺术手段用现代手法展示了苏州园林及建筑的景致小巧、移步换景、假山池沼、动静虚实等典型气质。传承并升华了我们的传统文化,这是用现代清新的空气水分滋养的生长于传统文化沃土上的艺术形式,是可持续的。 结语:诚然,在青花瓷的传承创新中,只有量变式的模仿只能在一定的程度上保存古人的文明,实属拿来主义的做法,但是我们并不能为此全盘否定之,其存在是传统文化继承的最原始最基础的方式。质变式的创新升华,是传统文化的实质性的传承,是根植于文化土壤的民族文化史的进步,在该项实践中,可以挖掘现代人的文化潜质,从而为民族文化的可持续性发展留下至深的脚印。所以,青花瓷艺术的真正生命力不可能在于天价的收藏更不在于时尚的简单模仿,这些浮浅而泛滥模仿的“青花热”只能是给古雅的青花瓷艺术本身蒙上污点。青花瓷的文化的传承发展要依靠质变式的创新,用现代科学的设计思维去传达凝练的文化神韵。参考文献:[1]熊廖.中国陶瓷美术史.紫禁城出版社,1993[2]杨永善.中国传统工艺全集-陶瓷[M].北京:大象出版社.2004:6-7.[3]景德镇的青花瓷.江西人民出版社,1984[4]中国民族民间文化保护工程·普查工作手册[M].北京:文化艺术出版社,2005.

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论陶瓷之种类论近代陶瓷工业的发展

【摘要】:陶瓷与书法艺术虽是两门独立艺术,代写论文但两者自古以来就有着深厚的历史渊源,两者具有相通的艺术特征。现代条件下陶瓷与书法艺术亦交相辉映,不同的陶瓷造型可以采用与其风格相协调的书法来加以装饰,使陶瓷艺术获得锦上添花的效果。虽然书法艺术在陶瓷中的运用仅处于辅助地位,但其作用和意义不容忽视,值得从事陶瓷艺术的人们加以关注和应用。 【关键词】:陶瓷,书法,艺术魅力 引言 陶瓷是泥与火的艺术,书法是笔含墨的艺术。艺术都是相通的,陶瓷与书法原本属于独立艺术,然而艺术间不乏契合。陶瓷同书法艺术的契合给欣赏者感觉无疑是锦上添花。对两者成功的驾驭,在于对两门艺术的解读和深掘,而后达到综合艺术的完美和统一。 1陶瓷与书法的历史渊源 中国制陶起源很早。自古相传“神农氏作瓦器”,“昆吾氏作陶”。而汉字起源同样是历史悠久。远在六七千年前的仰韶文化(半坡类型)与四五千年前的大汶口文化以及马家窑文化(马厂类型),陶器上面常见有作为记事的符号,似可视为汉字的滥觞。可见古代陶瓷和文字的起源,从一开始就有着十分密切的关系。春秋战国时期陶器上面多带有篆书雕印文字,陶器上的文字也成为后人研究战国文字和制陶业的宝贵资料。秦兵马俑身上多刻印有工匠的姓名,如“咸阳午”等,字体有的是篆书,有的则近似草隶。三国、两晋时期是青瓷器普及和发展阶段,同时也是陶瓷书法艺术进一步提高与形成典范的过程。唐代楷书、章草、大草、行书等书写体系逐渐完善,这一时期由于饮茶之风盛行。书法装饰便出现在茶壶、酒坛上,有楷、有草,均有大书法家张旭、怀素、颜、柳之风韵。多写名人诗句或“酒”、“茶”文字,酣畅淋漓,圆润遒劲,纯真自然,配以不同的器物造型之上,极具古朴、简约之美感。宋代书法是我国书法发展的一次高峰,书法艺术方面趋于完善和社会文化素质的提高,反映在陶瓷造型中已有“大巧若愚”的自然之韵。陶瓷上的书法装饰在这一时期自然也就成为其明显的特征,且和谐完美地融合在一起,耀州窑用书法装饰的酒具、茶具,其书法亦颇有“苏、黄、米、蔡”之韵。以至元、明、清各代书法装饰陶瓷也成为一种独特的艺术装饰形式和艺术美感,这有其精神上的必然和谐。 2 0世纪6 0年代以后,随着陶瓷艺术的丰富和发展,代写毕业论文随着人们对陶瓷艺术视野的扩展。陶瓷和书法的结合样式也越来越多地出现,表现手法也越来越多样化,艺术品位也越来越有所提高,书法也逐渐地成为陶瓷装饰中所独具魅力的种类。众多陶瓷书法作品,或以笔写,或以刀刻,或以釉上,或以釉下,各具风采盎然。近年来各地陶瓷艺术家利用各地不同的材质和工艺,创作出大量的优秀作品。如广东佛山的现代陶艺、山东淄博的色釉刻瓷,江西景德镇的陶瓷书法刻划和堆字等。这些作品充分利用书法的形式美和陶瓷材质美在文化内涵和形式上的联系,和谐而自然地结合起来,为陶瓷书法艺术的发展开拓了新的境界。 再从陶瓷发展的历史来看,从原始陶器到彩陶、彩绘陶,再到后来陶与瓷的流脉和传派,陶瓷艺术的奥秘既深藏在历代传承的手工模式之中,更神奇地深藏在从配料、拉坏、成形、装饰到烧制的个体经验之中。因此,陶瓷与书法一样,它的原则、法规、模式、风格、内涵也都受到整个中国文化内涵与形态的制约。 简言之,我国自古以来陶瓷工艺与书法艺术的发生和发展,历史悠久,关系密切,是当时文化、艺术及至政治、经济状况的具体反映。 2陶瓷与书法的艺术特征 陶瓷与书法都是中华民族的传统艺术。从其实质来讲,有相通之处,代写硕士论文两者有着许多共同的文化内涵,有着和谐的审美情趣。 首先,两者都是造型艺术。书法是以线条的流动来表现作者的情感心绪和品格修养。陶瓷造型通过各种线型和体面结合变化,空间的虚实、体量大小关系、轮廓的起伏等,构成陶瓷的造型美。 其次,从审美特征来看,两者都是实用性与艺术性相统一、状物与抒情相统一的艺术。书法无色而具有图画的灿烂,无声而有音乐的和谐,来自自然形象而又远离了自然形象。书写者将自己的精神意蕴、生命情丝、审美趣味化为或纵或收、或枯或润、或粗或细、或刚或柔的线条,并通过这些笔墨线条的枯润、浓淡的个性因素,反映出人的审美经验。汉代的杨雄在《法言》中说:“言,心声也;书,心画也。”唐代孙过庭认为书法艺术可以看出书法艺术家的情感,即“达其情性,形其哀乐”。清代刘熙载更是一语道明:“写字者,写志也”、“书法,如其学,如其才,如其志,总之如其人而已。”

陶瓷艺术论文题目大全高中

论陶瓷之种类论近代陶瓷工业的发展

陶艺在某种意义上已经成为中华文明的一个代名词。然而,当中国的陶艺家们猛然从“传统”、“实用”、“日用”等字眼中惊醒重新打量世界时,却发现自己落后了。的确,现代陶艺已不仅仅只是作为一种与人们的日常生活息息相关的工艺美术而存在,也不是仅仅“实用”、“美观”、“经济”、“大方”的观念便能涵盖得了的。它已经以其独特的艺术语言形成广泛的参与到现代艺术运动中,成为艺术家表达自己的观念,进行文化批判的利器。 中国人开始关注现代陶艺,并在舆论上形成规模应该是在20世纪90年代之后的事情了。当然严格说来中国现代陶艺的发展起源和70年代末和80年代初,原中央工艺美术学院(清华美术学院前身)、景德镇陶瓷学院等院校中的那些最早实践者有关。20年来,老一辈陶艺家如祝大年、杨永善等在现代陶艺方向作出了有益的尝试,而且产生了一大批中青年陶艺家如吕品昌、罗小平、白明等,风格流派众多,技法日趋多样。他们中大多数是高校教师,或受过高等教育中传统陶瓷艺术的薰陶,因此,中国的陶艺在一开始便与学院有着不解情缘。 然而单纯的学院发展,不管是在观念上,还是在传播上都受到极大限制,而且在学术层次上也是狭窄的。在90年代,首先是1991年“北京国际陶艺研讨会”,继而是1995年的“景德镇国际陶艺研讨会”,1998年5月在宜兴举办了由罗小平等人策划的规模更大、学术研讨更具深度的“98中国宜兴国际陶艺研讨会”,同年秋在中国美术学院由刘正等人策划的“首届中国青年陶艺家作品双年展”也与观众见面。1999年岁初在广州美术馆由左正尧策划的“超越泥性——中国当代陶艺家学术邀请展”更是颇具水平。这几次具有重要意义的学术研讨性的展会,预示着中国的陶艺正在兴起,其规模和范围及影响正在向全社会拓展。 然而,现代陶艺作为一项新鲜事物还存在着许多问题,这些问题在更大的意义上、更大的程度上组成了中国陶艺现状,更值得我们去研讨。归结为以下几个问题,以资读者玩味。 一、“传统”与“现代”的隔阂 “传统”与“现代”的关系在如今的各个艺术领域都是一个争不完的话题,陶艺也不便外。然而,在关于陶艺从“传统”走向“现代”的许多讨论中却轻视了一个非常重要的问题,即陶艺的功能问题。它不仅关系到陶艺品的功能与价值,而且对于陶艺在整个文化体系中所担当的角色及陶艺家的社会定位都关系很大。只有摆正了“现代陶艺是干什么的?”这样一个问题,而不只是“现代陶艺是什么样子?”,我认为陶艺才能真正从“传统”走入“现代”。 中国传统陶艺是附属于陶器的,“实用而尽量美观”在相当长的时间内限制了当代中国陶艺发展。在这种观念下,陶艺只能属于工艺美术,其功能只是实用加玩赏。在这种情况下,陶艺家的才智更多的受到了“制器”的局限,只能在追求设计与形式美的领域里探索,陶艺家也更接近于工艺家,无法融入现代艺术的潮流。 现代陶艺的作用在于它扩大了原有陶艺的艺术属性,使陶艺家不受“制器”的限制,可以在其审美和价值批判领域里驰聘。他既可以在原来的设计领域里继续有所作为,又可以充分发挥其艺术家的天性,针对现实进行有价值的文化批判,从而涉足到雕塑、装置等众多艺术领域。丰富了自己又补充了其它艺术门类,从而丰富视觉艺术的门厅。 因此,传统陶艺无论如何发展都有“器”的约束。现代陶艺发展,在认识上首先做到的便应是功能论上的转移,从而脱离对“器”和固定造型的依赖,而真正走向一个更广阔的天地。 这种隔阂是可以通过观念转变而化解开的,它的存在也是当代陶艺不断发展的动力。 二、传播与接受的局限 现代艺术中的诸多流派,在改革开放后特别是80年代中晚期,如暴风骤雨般进入中国。虽然当时中国人还不懂得欣赏,有的甚至产生厌恶之情,然而在客观上承认了其存在的合理性,并从观念上日益接近它们。现代陶艺没有赶上那段风潮,从传播的角度看似乎错过了黄金时节。从现状看,许多业内人士也指出现代陶艺仅在某几个瓷区和都市中基础较好,如景德镇、广州、上海等地,然而从面上讲其群众基础相当薄弱,没有培养出一个大范围的陶艺欣赏群,这是不利于现代陶艺的发展的。我们也注意到由于当前中国的日用陶瓷和美术陶瓷产业并不景气,所以即使在原来有着深厚传统的许多瓷区,其群众对陶艺的兴趣也在减弱,这种情况是十分令人担忧的。 另一方面,媒体、报刊对现代陶艺的介绍是零星的,形不成规模,更不用说专门的陶艺刊物了。现在担当着传播任务的是一些陶艺工作室,但他们的作用未受到重视,有识之士指出一个国家陶艺整体发展的前提是要把民间的力量调动起来,只有水涨才能船高。 从接受者来看,中国人固然不缺少对陶瓷的感情,然而确实谈不上他们对现代陶艺的感情,因为大多数人对陶艺的看法都停留在传统的观念上。再加上传播不力,欣赏者的口味自然很难调动起来。 然而,我们要看到,现代陶艺在精神上与现代艺术运动是相通的,人们能接受现代艺术便能接受现代陶艺,这只是时间早晚问题。 三、理论与实践的脱节 理论与实践的脱节成为现代陶艺中一个十分突出的问题。陶艺家夏德武说:“广州美院的一批人请了中央美院的某位艺术评论家去评论现代陶艺,他可以拿现代艺术观念、现代哲学来评论现代陶艺。但我认为这是远远不够。”他指出现代陶艺批评家很难形成的原因是中国现代陶艺不发达,他认为非常需要理论家。笔者曾在中央美院图书馆找到一本所谓“现代陶艺”的书,实际上书中的陶艺品只是现代的“活人”做的陶艺。可见,现代陶艺在理论上是相当匮乏的,能找到的介绍现代陶艺书也相当少,且多不正规。 看来,现代陶艺实践与理论的脱节在相当的一段时间内,将成为一个让人头痛的问题。理论人才急待培养,为此许多陶艺家提出一边实践,一边做一些理论研究,这可谓是无奈之举。 此外,现代陶艺在创作体制、销售体制、创作理念等方面也都不同程度地存在着问题,好在从当代陶艺家的言词中我们都能体会到一种“路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索”的中国知识分子特有的壮志豪情。 现代中国陶艺虽然路漫漫,随着中经济的发展,它必然会有一个辉煌的明天! 回答者:qqbluebh - 魔法学徒 一级 5-4 16:03 评价已经被关闭 目前有 5 个人评价 好 80% (4) 不好 20% (1) 其他回答共 2 条 自拓荒时代起,美国人便有着一种勇往直前、富于探索的革命精神,此种精神也深远地影响了美国的艺术史。这个年青的国家之所以能成为现代陶艺的起源地也是与之分不开的。 美国陶艺界公认,现代陶艺形式的表达以1954年彼得·沃克思到洛杉矶县美术学院(后改为奥蒂斯美术学院)教授陶艺为起始标志。彼得·沃克思反对陶艺创作中过分强调工艺性的特征,主张一种带有随意性的返朴归真的创作风格,从而开辟了一条实验新颖造型及外表肌理效果的探索之路,史称“奥蒂斯陶艺革命”。 50年来,美国的现代陶艺有了巨大的发展。从源头上讲,它受到了日本民间陶瓷、美国民间陶瓷、中国传统工艺造型、现代艺术流派等众多艺术形式的影响,在创作中形成了异彩纷呈的局面。抽象表现主义、极限主义、超级写实主义,波普美术、写实主义都有其代表艺术家和作品;同时作为容器设计,那些更重形式规则的优雅陶瓷也有发展,这些都显现了美国文化巨大的包容性。 现代陶瓷运动的最大贡献是使陶艺超越了狭窄的“工艺美术”范畴,使之与绘画、雕塑等主流美术创作观念相结合,从而丰富了传统的陶瓷艺术史;对于陶艺家来说,他们的身份也非“工艺家”能概括,他们已经拿起一种具有永恒性质的材料——陶瓷加入到主流美术创作中,进行有价值的文化展现与价值批判,摆脱了“容器”对他的束缚。 美国是现代陶艺的策源地,介绍其历史发展以及著名艺术家是非常有意义的事情。 在此,我们先选择11位当代美国的著名陶艺家向大家做一番简要介绍,希望您能够对现代陶艺有所了解。 回答者:yamming - 魔法学徒 一级 5-4 16:41 瓷器是中国古代的一项伟大发明。世界各国的制瓷技术多是从中国传入的。在古代,外国人称中国为“瓷器之国”。直到现在,英语中的“china”一词的另一个含义就是“瓷器”。可见中国瓷器的巨大影响。但是,瓷器是在制陶工艺的基础上发明的。要想了解瓷器,首先要从陶器谈起,何况,中国古代的制陶工艺也有着灿烂的成就。 我国在距今约一万年前的新石器时代早期就已发明了陶器。在我国已发现的7000多处新石器文化遗址中,出土了大量的丰富多彩的陶器。它包括贮存器、炊器、食器和汲水器等。从陶器的造型和装饰来看,艺术成就最突出的当数各个文化类型的彩陶。这些丰富多彩的陶器,充分体现了实用与美观的完美统一。比彩陶稍晚的胎质细腻、漆黑光亮、造型灵巧、薄如蛋壳的黑陶,把中国新石器时代的陶器工艺推向了顶峰。这些丰富多彩的陶器,在当时多是普遍使用的生活器具,为人类生活方式的改变,促进社会的发展起了重要的作用。从它体现的完美的艺术设计来讲,它又是人类文明的艺术明珠参考资料:

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陶瓷的美学艺术论文题目大全初中英语

CiZao territory along the stream of ancient sites, more numerous, early in the 1950s, the Palace Museum ChenWanLi FengXianMing, Mr CiZao kiln for such had survey, Thereafter, xiamen university, quanzhou museum of human JiaoTongShi overseas JinJiangXian museums, museums, museums in fujian province as the unit of the researchers have done a lot of research work, and have tried to dig, local large specimens, found in the southern dynasty - In January of this place, Tang and five six sites, 12 this song and yuan dynasties, Qing This 7 The song and yuan dynasties, TongZiShan spider mountain sites, soil sites include the tail set this mountain sites, CiZao referred to as listed in the first batch of fujian, this unit of provincial In this mountain, song dynasty xikou retaining golden hill sites listed jinjiang municipal units of cultural relics CiZao kiln product variety, the shape of The breed with life daily utensils for bulk, in addition to display device, building materials, Life in the vessel is bowl, plate, lamp, disc, basin, bowls, wash, cans, cylinder, urn, pot, bottle, lamp, dishes, lamp, ZhiHu, water injection, army, must hold pillow etc, porcelain, Display device are furnace, sweet fume, vase, flowerpot, animals, plants and animals YanDi fractal model (such as lions, tigers, tortoise, toad, peach, etc), and other like such a piggy bank, waist, can artifacts, Building decoration materials, Among them, huang painted iron army, the market, the decorative plate is green glair for export products, dragon urn is the most local The CiZao kiln chinaware TaiZhi general grayish, particle TaiZhi thicker, dense Also because of this, the porcelain clay glair place more womb a yellowish-white But generally only half glaze, was in no Glaze can be classified into five categories, namely green glair, sauce black glaze, huang, green and yellow green glair Green glair in bowls, disc, lamp, port, basin, caddy, pot, ZhiHu, army, lamp, holding furnace, sweet fume, etc in green glair color; add brown under Many in the dark glaze sauce bowl, the lamp, lamp, cans, pot, ZhiHu, water injection, furnace waist, such as, some of the light side or bowl, the mouth ShiQing glaze, along the sauce black glazed, Yellow green glair is in bottles, cans, army, hold, water injection, basin, plate, furnace, pillow, birds and animals eat model, Some for the yellow color glaze, green glair, green glair is much "silver" return, Some are yellow and green glair with n a Adornment gimmick, picking flowers, there MoYin, DiaoLou, glazing and coloured drawing or pattern, Decoration pattern has flowers (Ephraim, chrysanthemum, peony flowers, tangle, flowers, ), the grass (grass), the melon leng, melons, chicken, and stroke, YunLei, string he grain, the cloud, water color and spread point, especially in the dragon In the jinjiang county annals "have" China township, take a focal porcelain kiln, and the earth open BoZi, cylinder, the size of the urn what genera, and give the " The Based on the field investigation and CiZao kiln relevant archaeological data, in Japan and the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Kenya, south east Asia, southeast Asia Nation in the east and have CiZao kiln In these countries, some of the museum, the museum collections often works, thus the kiln, CiZao kiln is an important area of export The army, bottle, ZhiHu, cans, disc is a song period of the main export Among them, the army is dedicated to people in southeast Asia and the religious activities, "Dragon" production since Ming dynastiy urn, follow, but also continuously domestic exports to southeast A During the Ming and qing dynasties, CiZao to burn a daily ceramics, thick, with overseas Chinese still marketing of going abroad, porcelain making technology also spread throughout southeast, promote the development of local ceramic technology, such as the Philippines meters of land "neville" fires, CiZao WuXing overseas Chinese porcelain is Until recently, still have many overseas Chinese in this camp, imparting CiZao kiln is China's southeastern coast, with the important export ceramic kilns, is a strong kiln of local characteristics and style of the Its location - near quanzhou harbor port, make its export condition is At the same time, it is closely related to the rise in quanzhou port quanzhou in song and yuan dynasties, when the traffic and foreign trade reached its peak, is the development of CiZao kiln production period of Some of the CiZao kiln product is specially designed for export and fire, such as army as may be to adapt to the southeast Asia and religious life of furnace burn CiZao artifacts, the products implement class colorful, although is extensive, but it should be pointed out that special features, CiZao kiln unearthed some porcelain sculpture, deep eye high nose figure, vividly reflected quanzhou sea port of song and yuan dynasties "rise in birth "But CiZao ceramic in Ming dynasty, because when the glazed products mainly of extinction, cylinder, pot, cans, disc, production and sale of demand, How to position yourself? ChongZou ancestors certainly not, then the path of people are turning to architectural In 1979, CiZao WuJinShi people, through many thousands of practice in the ancient kiln burned modern glazed Since the start CiZao on real significance of ceramic enterprise, the development of extraordinary After more than ten years of development, CiZao town as the five big building ceramic production base, become one of national xinghuo regional ceramic materials pillar industrial technology innovation, national ceramics industry in fujian province, the demonstration base of science and technology, and has ShiFanZhen ceramic group, advanced kiln production line 15 more than Output value over 100 million yuan of enterprise group has 6, the value of the enterprise has super million, the building materials CiZao 159 products sold throughout the country, the exterior wall tiles yield an equivalent to two thirds of the Almost the glazed CiZao town by an unknown technocrat rural town has become MinDongNa economic For many years in fujian province and comprehensive economic strength strong June 2000, Chinese sanitary ceramics association awarded "China ceramic town" honorary 磁灶境内古窑址多沿溪分布,数量众多,早在二十世纪五十年代,故宫博物院陈万里,冯先铭等先生就对磁灶窑进行过调查;其后,厦门大学人类博物馆、泉州海外交通史博物馆、福建省博物馆、晋江县博物馆等单位的研究人员均对其进行了大量的调查工作,并进行过局部试掘,采集到大量标本,发现了南朝至清代的二十六处窑址。其中南朝窑址1处;唐、五代窑址6处;宋元时期窑址12处;清代窑址7处。宋元时期的蜘蛛山窑址、童子山窑址、土尾庵窑址、大坪山窑址统称为磁灶窑址,列为福建省第一批省级文物单位。南朝溪口山窑址、宋代金交椅山窑址列为晋江市级文物保护单位 磁灶窑产品品种繁多,器形多样。其品种以生活日用器皿为大宗,此外还有陈设器、建筑材料等。生活日用器皿中有碗、盘、盏、碟、盆、钵、洗、罐、缸、瓮、壶、瓶、灯、盂、盏托、执壶、水注、军持、急须、瓷枕等;陈设器则有炉,香熏、花瓶、花盆、动物形砚滴、动植物模型(如狮、虎、龟、蟾蜍、寿桃、力士像等),以及其它如腰鼓、扑满、鸟食罐等器物;建筑材料有装饰板等。其中,黄釉铁绘花纹大盘、军持、青釉碟是专供外销的产品,龙瓮是最具地方特色的。 磁灶窑瓷器的胎质一般呈灰色,颗粒较粗,胎质不够致密。也正因为此,瓷器胎土施釉处多上一层黄白色化妆土。但一般仅施半釉,器内无釉。釉可分为五大类,即青釉、酱黑釉、黄釉、绿釉与黄绿釉。青釉多见于碗、碟、盏、钵、盆、小罐、壶、执壶、军持、灯、炉、香熏等器物,有的还在青釉下添加褐彩;酱黑釉多施于碗、盏、盏托、罐、壶、执壶、水注、炉、腰鼓等器物,有的如碗、盏里侧或口沿施青釉,外施酱黑釉;黄绿釉则见于瓶、壶、罐、军持、水注、盆、盘、炉、枕、鸟食罐及动植物模型等;有的为单色的黄釉、绿釉,绿釉器多有“返银”现象;有的则黄、绿釉同施一器。装饰手法有刻划、剔花、模印、雕镂、施釉及彩绘等。装饰纹样有花卉(莲、菊、牡丹、缠枝花、折枝花等)、草叶(卷草)、瓜棱、瓜、凤,以及篦划、云雷、弦纹、卷云、水波及点彩、文字等,其中尤以龙纹最具特色。 在《晋江县志》中就有“瓷器出瓷灶乡,取地土开窑,烧大小钵子、缸、瓮之属,甚饶足,并过洋。”的记载。通过对磁灶窑的实地调查和有关考古资料证实,历年来日本、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、新加坡、泰国、斯里兰卡、肯尼亚等东亚、东南亚、南亚和东非国家中多有磁灶窑产品出土。在这些国家的一些博物馆、美术馆,常收藏有该窑作品,由此,证明磁灶窑是一处重要的外销陶瓷产地。 军持、瓶、执壶、罐、碟等是宋元时期大量外销的主要产品。其中,军持是专门适应东南亚人民进行宗教活动需要而烧制的;“龙瓮”的生产自宋明至今,沿袭不断,除了内销外还输出到东南亚各国。明清时期,磁灶以烧制单一的日用粗陶为主,仍运销海外,随着华侨的大批出国,制瓷技术也传播南洋各地,促进当地陶瓷工艺的发展,例如菲律宾米岸烧制的“文奈”瓷器,就是磁灶吴姓华侨传授的。直到近代,仍有众多华侨在海外操营此业,传授技艺。 磁灶窑是我国东南沿海地区,以烧造外销陶瓷为主的重要窑口,是具有浓量的地方特色和时代风格的民窑。它所处的地理位置---濒临泉州港口岸,使其外销条件优越。同时,它与泉州港的兴衰密切相关,当泉州在宋元时期对外交通和贸易达到鼎盛的时候,也正是磁灶窑生产发展昌盛的时期。磁灶窑的某些产品是专门为外销而烧造的,如军持等可能是为适应东南亚各地宗教性生活而接受的定烧器物,磁灶窑的产品器类丰富多彩,虽然比较粗放但却颇具特色,特别应指出的,磁灶窑出土的一些瓷雕塑,深目高鼻的人物形象,生动地反映了泉州港宋元时期“涨海声中万国商”的景象。 但磁灶的陶瓷在明清之后,由于宋时釉彩等工艺的的失传,产品主要以缸、壶、罐、碟为主,生产和销路窄小,市场需求低。如何定位自己?重走祖辈们的老路肯定不行,于是人们把目光投向了建筑陶瓷。1979年,磁灶人吴金世,历经多次的实践终于在千百年的古窑里烧出了现代的釉面砖。磁灶从此开始了真正意义上的跨越,建陶企业得到了超常规模的发展。 经过十几年艰苦的发展,磁灶镇作为全国5大建筑陶瓷生产基地之一,成为国家级星火区域性陶瓷建材支柱产业区、国家级技术创新陶瓷工业示范基地、福建省第三批科技示范镇,目前,拥有建陶集团15家,先进辊道窑生产线300多条。产值超亿元的企业集团有6家,产值超千万元的企业有159家,磁灶的建材产品畅销全国各地,外墙砖产量一项就相当于全国产量的三分之二。琉璃瓦几乎垄断全国的市场。磁灶镇由原来名不见经传的乡村小镇一跃成为闽东南经济重镇。连续多年综合经济实力位居福建省10强乡镇前列。2000年6月,被中国建筑卫生陶瓷协会授予“中国陶瓷重镇”荣誉称号。

陶瓷艺术品随着人门生活水平提高了需要精神文化水平乜相继提升如古代陶瓷艺术品代表当时历史文化政治经济宗教信仰以及生产生活如宋代五大名瓷代表中国陶瓷艺术最高成就

Pottery is made by forming a clay body into objects of a required shape and heating them to high temperatures in a kiln to induce reactions that lead to permanent changes, including increasing their strength and hardening and setting their There are wide regional variations in the properties of clays used by potters and this often helps to produce wares that are unique in character to a It is common for clays and other minerals to be mixed to produce clay bodies suited to specific Prior to some shaping processes, air trapped within the clay body needs to be This is called de-airing and can be accomplished by a machine called a vacuum pug or manually by Wedging can also help to ensure an even moisture content throughout the Once a clay body has been de-aired or wedged, it is shaped by a variety of After shaping it is dried before There are a number of stages in the drying Leather-hard refers to the stage when the clay object is approximately 75-85% Clay bodies at this stage are very firm and only slightly Trimming and handle attachment often occurs at the leather-hard Clay bodies are said to be "bone-dry" when they reach a moisture content at or near 0% Unfired objects are often termed Clay bodies at this stage are very fragile and hence can be easily It is believed that the earliest pottery wares were hand built and fired in Firing times were short but the peak-temperatures achieved in the fire could be high, perhaps in the region of 900 degrees Celsius, and were reached very Clays tempered with sand, grit, crushed shell or crushed pottery were often used to make bonfire-fired ceramics, because they provided an open body texture that allows water and other volatile components of the clay to escape The coarser particles in the clay also acted to restrain shrinkage within the bodies of the wares during cooling, which was carried out slowly to reduce the risk of thermal stress and In the main, early bonfire-fired wares were made with rounded bottoms, to avoid sharp angles that might be susceptible to The earliest intentionally constructed kilns were pit-kilns or trench-kilns; holes dug in the ground and covered with Holes in the ground provided insulation and resulted in better control over The earliest known ceramic objects are Gravettian figurines such as those discovered at Dolni Vestonice in the modern-day Czech R The Venus of Dolní Věstonice (Věstonická Venuše in Czech) is a Venus figurine, a statuette of a nude female figure dated to 29,000–25,000 BCE (Gravettian industry) The earliest pottery vessel found to date was excavated from the Yuchanyan Cave in southern China and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2009 reports that the ware dates back to 18,000 years Pottery vessels made by the Incipient Jōmon people of Japan from around 10,500 BCE have also been The term "Jōmon" means "cord-marked" in J This refers to the markings made on clay vessels and figures using sticks with cords wrapped around Pottery which dates back to 10,000 BCE have also been excavated in C It appears that pottery was independently developed in North Africa during the tenth millennium and in South America during the seventh millennium The earliest history of pottery production can be divided into 4 periods namely; the Hassuna period (5000 - 4,500 BCE), the Halaf period (4,500 - 4000 BCE), the Ubaid period (4000 - 3000 BCE), and the Uruk period (3,500 - 2000 BCE) The invention of the potter's wheel in Mesopotamia sometime between 6,000 and 4,000 BCE (Ubaid period) revolutionized pottery Specialized potters were then able to meet the expanding needs of the world's first Pottery was in use in ancient India during the Mehrgarh Period II (5500 - 4800 BCE) and Merhgarh Period III (4800 - 3500 BCE), known as the ceramic Neolithic and Pottery, including items known as the ed-Dur vessels, originated in regions of the Indus valley and has been found in a number of sites in the Indus valley In the Mediterranean, during the Greek Dark Ages (1100–800 BCE), artists used geometric designs such as squares, circles and lines to decorate amphoras and other The period between 1500-300 BCE in ancient Korea is known as the Mumun Pottery PThe quality of pottery has varied historically, in part dependent upon the repute in which the potter's craft was held by the community[citation needed] For example, in the Chalcolithic period in Mesopotamia, Halafian pottery achieved a level of technical competence and sophistication, not seen until the later developments of Greek pottery with Corinthian and Attic ware[citation needed] The distinctive Red Samian ware of the Early Roman Empire was copied by regional potters throughout the E The Dark Age period saw a collapse in the quality of European pottery which did not recover in status and quality until the European Renaissance[citation 这是平行文本相关翻译:陶器,是用黏土或陶土经捏制成形后烧制而成的器具,陶器的英文"pottery"可以同时指土器(earthenware)、陶器、石陶器(stoneware)及瓷器的集合。陶器历史悠久,在新石器时代就已初见简单粗糙的陶器。陶器在古代作为一种生活用品,在现在一般作为工艺品收藏。一般认为最早的陶器是手制的,并在篝火(bonfires)烧制。烧制时间短但火达到的最高温度可以很高,约在900℃左右,而且达到的速度很快。黏土与沙、砂砾、打碎的贝壳或打碎的陶器调合后会被用来制造篝火烧制陶瓷器,这是因为它们提供了一个开放的坯体质地令水及其他挥发性成分可以轻易离开。黏土中较粗糙的粒子亦会发挥在冷却时限制陶器坯体内部收缩的作用,此过程以缓慢速度进行,并减低热应力及破裂的危机。早期以篝火烧制的陶器主要是圆底的,用意是避免尖锐的角令破裂容易发生。最早有目的而建设的窑是穴窑(pit kiln)或沟窑(trench kiln),即在地面掘一个洞再在上面铺满燃料。在地面的洞提供了隔离层,令烧制过程可以有更佳的控制。中国最早的陶器出现于新石器时代早期。大约在距今15000年左右,首先在中国南方可能已经开始制陶的试验,到距今9000年左右大致完成了陶器的发明和探索。1962年于江西万年县仙人洞遗址发现的圆底罐,其年代据放射性碳素测试为公元前6875±240年,为夹砂红陶,外表有绳纹。裴李岗文化(公元前5500~前4900年)中的陶器则多为泥质或夹砂红陶,亦有少量灰陶。在接下来的磁山文化(公元前5400年~前5100年)、大地湾文化(公元前5200年~前4800年)、仰韶文化、马家窑文化、大汶口文化、龙山文化可以看出古代中国人的制陶工艺不断发展,品质提高,种类增多。在中国,彩陶出现在公元前4000年左右。"半坡彩陶"为仰韶文化的一部分,在1953年首先于陕西西安市半坡村被发现,主要包含水壶及碗等。一开始它们上面纯粹为红色,但陶器上渐渐有独特的符号,称为半坡陶符,纹饰有动物纹、几何纹、编织纹等。此后在临近各省也发现了类似的陶器。在公元前2500年至2000年的龙山文化中,出现了黑陶,这是中国制陶工艺的一次高峰。 在商朝,有理论认为是当时印欧语系的游牧民族带来陶轮的技术,令陶器量产化。在周朝,以陶轮制作的陶器会以更高温烧制,令其硬度增加,同时亦会使用绿色的釉料。秦朝的陶俑兵马俑成为当时最具代表性的陶器,而在此时陶器的描绘主题由动物转变为人。在汉朝,陶器的描绘主题由为佛教的传播而出现了佛的形象。到了唐朝,中国出现了白色的陶瓷,而同时亦出现了其他陶像,唐三彩成为当时艺术精华的代表。到了宋朝,因为瓷器技术开始成熟令中国的陶器的辉煌被瓷器完全盖过。此后中国的陶瓷器重点便落在瓷器上。然而明清的紫砂壶等陶器乃至近代的江苏宜兴、广东石湾的陶器工艺仍然有非常高的水准。

Abstract: Chinese traditional blue and white porcelain,white pottery and porcelain decorated under the glaze with a blue pigment,is elegant,bright,gorgeous,and long-Its unique artistic connotation is the perfect joint of traditional and modern This dissertation concludes the formation and progress of its characteristics,and discusses the development of modern blue and white Key words: blue and white porcelain,development,discussion 你可以去nciku(n词酷)网看看

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