液体力学期刊官网投稿
中文的话，试试汉斯出版社的 流体动力学 ，英文的话，试试 Scientific Research Publishing的Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS 7 3248 (JFM)0889-9746 JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES 6 17421070-6631 PHYSICS OF FLUIDS 6 2827 (POF)0098-2202 JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 8 ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID MECHANICS 7 2906
这是要找来参考还是找来投稿的
液体力学期刊官网投稿格式
经国家新闻出版总署批准，《Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters》（简称TAML，中文简称《力学快报》）将于2011年1月开始出版并在国内外公开发行。该刊由中国科学院主管，中国科学院力学研究所和中国力学学会主办，由中国力学学会《力学快报》编辑部编辑出版。 TAML由中国科学院李家春院士和美国西北大学（Northwestern University，USA）黄永刚（Yonggang Huang）教授担任主编；由中国科学院力学研究所何国威研究员，美国康奈尔大学（Cornell University）Philip Li-Fan Liu教授， 中国科学院力学研究所龙勉研究员，香港理工大学（The Hong Kong Polytechnic University）吕坚（Jian Lu）教授，同济大学徐鉴教授，大连理工大学张洪武教授和兰州大学郑晓静院士担任副主编；由国内外杰出学者担任编委，其中外籍编委约占1/3。TAML将努力办成优秀的国际化学术期刊。 TAML定位为国际化的快报类英文期刊；旨在快速、精炼地报道具有原创性和重要价值的力学所有分支学科、力学交叉学科的理论、实验、计算以及应用等方面的研究思想、方法、进展和成果；注重前沿性和时效性，注重力学和工程的结合。TAML 将为力学及相关学科作者提供最快发表自己研究成果的平台，为读者提供最快了解国际前沿的渠道。 TAML的稿件发表周期为4个月，文章长度不超过4页。遵从国际惯例，TAML允许其发表的文章扩充成8页以上的论文在其他刊物发表；同时，要求投稿到TAML的稿件是首次投稿。 TAML的读者对象主要为力学以及与其交叉的空天、海洋、环境、能源、机械、交通、土木、建筑和水利等学科领域的科研人员、高等院校教师、工程技术人员和研究生。 TAML为双月刊，单月10日出版；每期定价为：60元。 TAML 刊号为：CN11-5991/O3；邮发代号为：82-766。可从全国各地邮局订阅，也可从编辑部直接订阅（中国力学学会会员8折优惠）。
《机械设计》投稿须知 一、本刊主要栏目 1.设计领域综述(含动态、方针政策、随笔等)；2.专题论文(含设计方法、CAD、模块化设计、有限元、可靠性、失效分析、优化设计、并行设计、疲劳设计、反求工程、价值工程、人机工程、智能工程、专家系统、机构学、机械动力学、摩擦学、结构、传动、零部件、机电一体化等)；3.应用技术与实例分析(含专题论文中各种设计技术，在实际应用中的实例分析与经验)；4.新产品介绍(为单位及个人介绍新产品)；5.小改小革(小创造、小改革、小发明)；6.学习园地(讲座、标准、书评、名词解释等)。 二、来稿须知 来稿一式二份为打字稿或用方格稿纸誊写(最好是激光打印稿)；稿件用第三人称书写；字迹清楚，标点符号正确，文字符合“简化字总表”；外文字母要写清楚，易混字母请用铅笔加注；上、下角标位置标注要清晰；插图按工程图标准绘制，插图要简明、清晰、说明问题，去除不必要的多余部分。其大小一般比出版图大一倍，在正文中的位置用三行空格画一框线留空，图框下标注图号(用阿拉伯数字)、图题；图注放在图题上方。文中所用单位为国家法定计量单位 GB3100-93)，物理量符号应符合GB3101-93，数字用法符合GB／T15835-1995。来稿一般请控制在5 000字以内。各种基金资助项目论文，请标明项目名称与编号。稿酬35元／版(本刊所付稿酬包含刊物内容上网服务报酬)。来稿收到后，我刊立即通知作者稿件编号，半年内通知作者审查结果。来稿请自留底稿，稿件如不录用，本刊恕不退稿。稿件如被录用，必须提供与稿件内容完全相同的3″磁盘。 文章按以下顺序抄写：1 题名2 作者姓名3 作者工作单位、邮编、Email地址4 中、英文摘要(内容包含a.与文章同等量之主要信息，说明研究工作的目的、方法、结果、结论。200字右左为宜；b.题名、全拼音作者姓名、单位名称和关键词等)5 正文6 参考文献7 基金项目要写明项目名称，并在圆括号内注明其项目编号8 第一作者简介9 标明参考文献类型(以字母方式标识)：专著[M]；论文集[C];期刊文章[J]；学位论文[D]；报导[R]；标准[S]；专利[P]10 中图分类号 文章正文层次书写格式：1 ×××××(编号从1开始，一律用阿拉伯数字)1.1 ×××××1.1.1 ××××× 参考文献书写格式(GB7714-87)：1.专著:[顺序号]作者(姓在前，名在后).书名[参考文献类型].其他作者(如译者).版本(第1版不标注).出版地：出版者，出版年：起始页码.2.连续出版物:[顺序号]作者.题名 [参考文献类型].刊名，出版年，卷号(期号)：起止页码.3.论文集： [顺序号]作者.题名[参考文献类型].见(英文用In)：主编.文集名.出版地：出版者，出版年:起止页码.4.学位论文:[顺序号]作者.题名:[××学位论文][参考文献类型].地点：学位授予单位，年份：起止页码.5.专利:[顺序号]专利申请者.题名[参考文献类型].国别，专利文献种类，专利号.出版日期.6.技术标准:[顺序号]起草责任者(可略).标准代号标准顺序号—发布年标准名称[参考文献类型].出版地(可略):出版者(可略)，出版年(可略).
液体力学期刊官网投稿流程
通常情况下，审稿意见的时间因期刊而异，有些期刊可能需要更长的时间来完成审稿过程。如果您已等待了4个月并且没有收到任何消息，您可以考虑通过以下方式联系编辑部：1. 查看《工程力学期刊》的网站上是否有联系方式，如电子邮件地址或电话号码。2. 如果您无法在网站上找到这些信息，请尝试与相关领域的同行联系，他们可能了解该期刊的编辑部门以及联系方式。3. 如果以上两种方法都没有帮助，可以通过发送一封询问信给该期刊编辑部门来了解审稿进度。请注意，在与编辑部门联系时，请客气地询问，表达对该期刊和其审稿流程的关注，以及对他们付出努力所表示的感谢。同时也建议耐心等待，并保持良好沟通。祝您好运！
通常情况下，期刊审稿的时间是比较长的，一般需要几个月的时间才能收到审稿意见。不同的期刊和领域，审稿周期也会有所不同。一些高影响因子的国际期刊，审稿周期可能会更长。如果您在工程力学期刊投稿4个月还没有收到审稿意见，您可以先登录期刊的网站查询一下您的文章状态。通常情况下，稿件会分为已送审、审稿中、审核意见收到、修订后再审以及最终录用等不同状态。如果您的文章已经进入审稿中状态，那么可以耐心等待，了解审稿进展情况也可以主动联系编辑部咨询。如果您长时间未收到审稿意见，那么可以尝试联系该期刊的编辑部进行咨询，询问审稿进展情况或者是否出现了一些问题。在咨询时，可以礼貌地询问审稿进展和提醒编辑部关注审稿进度，但不要过于急躁或者要求过高。另外，如果您的稿件被退稿或者驳回，也不要灰心丧气，可以根据审稿人的意见进行修稿后再次投稿，相信坚持下去总会有好结果的。
一篇学术论文投稿的所有流程是：
第一：写论文
第二：论文排版，由于论文投稿前，很多期刊都要求按照期刊规定论文模板格式对论文进 行调整，以便审稿专家观看，所以需要去所投期刊官网上面去下载论文格式模板(一般期刊都会有提供word版本的格式模板)，下载后，严格按照要求调整好格式。第三：登录所投期刊官网，然后去注册一个账号用于投稿
第四：用账号登录期刊官网，进入投稿系统入口(一般期刊网上会有相应提示)，按照投稿 系统流程一步一步弄即可(最好是用IE浏览器来投稿，兼容性比较强)
第五：上传稿件，一般投稿系统流程中的最后一步就是上次word版本的稿件，这个时候一定要再次看看被上传的word是否是自己论文的最终版，不要传错了
第六：收到邮件回复，表示杂志社已经收到稿件，部分杂志社会同时要求交纳审稿费，并给出 审稿费汇款地址，需要去邮局汇款审稿费(汇款时一定要写上文章编号)
第七：等待录用即可。SCI源刊无疑是最权威的，这里要说明的是，已经没有SCI会议论文这个说法了，因为SCI数据库已经不再接受会议论文。只接受期刊论文。
EI源刊也是属于比较权威的文章，但是EI源刊是允许有中文稿件存在的，如果是投国内的EI源刊，那么其录用难度与国外一般的SCI难度其实相当了。当然EI源刊中也有水刊，EI公司以前是每年更新一次EI目录，现在是每个月更新一次，所以现在如果投比较水的EI源刊，有一定风险。
中文核心算是比较权威的国内期刊论文，现在是每3年更新一次。但是中文核心中，有些期刊可能既是中文核心，又是EI源刊，这种期刊一般录用难度都很大。
您好，工程力学期刊是一本重要的学术期刊，它的审稿意见对于作者来说非常重要。然而，如果已经过去了4个月仍然没有收到审稿意见，这可能会让作者感到焦虑和困惑。首先，需要明确的是，审稿流程需要时间。期刊编辑需要向多位专家请教，以确保审稿意见的客观性和准确性。此外，审稿人可能需要花费时间来仔细阅读和评估稿件。因此，一般情况下，审稿周期可能需要数周或数月。然而，如果已经过去了4个月仍然没有收到审稿意见，作者可以采取以下措施：1. 联系期刊编辑。作者可以通过电子邮件或电话联系期刊编辑，了解审稿进展情况。编辑可能会提供有关审稿人的反馈或解释为什么需要更多时间来完成审稿。2. 检查期刊网站。有些期刊会在其网站上提供有关审稿进展的信息。作者可以在期刊网站上查看自己的稿件状态，以了解审稿进展情况。3. 寻求其他意见。如果作者已经等待了很长时间，但仍然没有收到审稿意见，他们可以考虑将稿件提交到其他期刊或向其他专家寻求意见。综上所述，虽然审稿周期需要时间，但如果已经过去了4个月仍然没有收到审稿意见，作者可以采取一些措施来了解审稿进展情况，并考虑其他选项。
液体工业设计期刊官网投稿
=.=~~你做毕业设计用啊??不是有专门的工业设计中英文双语的书么~
最好是Nature 和 Science，子刊也不错JACS 和Angew也很好
你文章具体是什么方向呢？这个选择很多的啊。化学论文的话，像壹品优刊化学进展、分析化学进展等等都可以啊
第17 卷第4 期 皮 革 科 学 与 工 程 Vol117 ,No142007 年8 月L EATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Aug1 2007Artical ID :1004 - 7964 (2007) 04 - 0003 - 06Received Date :20072052213 P. Mokrejs :Corresponding author. Phone N°: + 420 57 603 1230 ;Fax N°: + 420 57 603 1563 ;e2mail :mokrejs @f t . utb. c2Recycling Technology for Waste Tanning LiquorsP. Mok rejs1 3, D. J anacova2 ,M. Mladek1 , K. Kolomaz nik2 , F. L angmaier1 ,V . V asek2(1. Tomas B ata University , Faculty of Technology , Department of Protein and Leather , nam.TGM 275 , 762 72 Zlin, The Czech Republic ;2. Tomas B ata University , Faculty ofA p plied Inf ormatics , Institute of Processing Cont rol and A p plied Computer Science ,N ad S t ranemi 4511 , 760 05 Zlin, The Czech Republic)Abstract :Tannery belongs to typical indust rial branches which during t he technological processp roduce considerable quantities of liquid and solid wastes cont ributing to polluting t he environ2ment . The presented work describes dechromation of waste tanning liquor utilising chrome sludgep roduced t hrough enzymatic hydrolysis of chrome2tanned leat her wastes. The principle of dechro2mation consist s in sorption of chrome f rom waste liquor af ter tanning to chrome sludge. Recy2cling technology is characterised by an almost 99 % efficiency , simplicity and low investment re2quirement s.Key words :solid waste ;liquid waste ;chrome sludge ;waste tanning liquor ;chrome recoveryCLC number :X 794 Document code :A鞣制废液的循环技术摘 要:制革属于典型的工业分支,制革工业中会产生大量的污染环境的废液和废固。该论文利用铬鞣革废物的酶法水解用铬污泥除去鞣制废液中的铬。除去铬的原理是鞣后的铬污泥从废液中吸收铬。该循环技术回收率可达99 % ,操作简单、成本低廉。关键词:固体废弃物;液体废弃物;铬污泥;鞣制废液;铬回收1 INTRODUCTIONThe tanning indust ry p rocesses wastes of themeat indust ry , raw hides , and t ransforms t hemt hrough chemical , chemico2p hysical and mechani2cal processes into leather s. During t he technologi2cal process , solid and liquid wastes arise which ,particularly as a consequence of t he cont rover sialchrome t hey contain , burden the environment .Processing one met ric ton of raw hide produces ap2prox. 200 kg finished leat her . About 30 , 000 kgwastewaters arise through processing and moret han 70 % chrome passes into liquid and solidwastes [1 ] .In classic tanning , approx. 40 % chrome (t hestarting charge of 15 - 17 kg Cr / t ) remains inleat her , 26 % - 30 % chrome passes into solidwastes and 30 % - 34 % chrome remains in liquidwastes. In t he tanning of hides using technologicalprocedures ensuring high removal of chrome com2pounds by white hide , 54 % - 57 % chrome remains© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. leat her , 31 % - 38 % chrome passes into solidwastes and 5 % - 15 % remains in liquid wastes [2 ] .For modifying t he tanning process , organic acids ,e. g. are used , which cont ribute to improving theremoval of chrome ions.1. 1 Liquid wasteManufacture of chrome2tanned leat hers pro2duces 115 - 2 times quantities of wastewater s t hanmanufact ure of vegetable2tanned leat her s [3 ] . Los2ses of chrome compounds in waste tanning liquor smay be prevented in several ways. The simplestapproach is the direct recycling method consistingin re2using exhausted liquor in t he tanning process.The main shortcoming of t his method is a negativeeffect of salt s and other contaminating substanceson quality of finished leather . Af ter being recycledseveral times , wastewater has to be discharged intosewage [4 ] . Anot her potential met hod is indirectrecycling , in which chrome is obtained f rom ex2hausted sludge t hrough precipitation using a suit2able alkaline agent , e. g. sodium hydroxide , sodi2um carbonate , sodium hydrogen carbonate , mag2nesium oxide , calcium sulp hate , calcium hydroxide[5 ] . A f urt her met hod consist s in employing elabo2rate techniques , e. g. elect ro2dialysis , membraneseparation , ion exchangers , wit h which chromemay be separated f rom ot her salt s contained in ex2hausted sludge. Chrome thus obtained is character2ised by much higher p urity than that obtainedt hrough indirect recycling. Disadvantages are ahigh cost and limited po ssibilities of applying t hesedemanding technologies in tanning factories [ 4 ] .Unutilised chrome in liquid wastes , apartf rom significant economic losses for tanneries , al soposes great hazard for t he environment and forman. The most stable and most important oxida2tion state is Cr ( III) . Compounds of Cr (VI) occurin t he form of chromates and dichromates and ex2hibit quite st rong oxidative properties [6 ] .Chrome is found in liquid tanning wastes in it st rivalent form , there exist s , however , potentialdanger of it s oxidising to hexavalent compounds ,particularly when t reating groundwater s to drink2ing waters. Hexavalent compounds , when com2bined wit h calcium or magnesium ions , are st rong2ly carcinogenic[7 , 8 ] .An extensive research exploring negativeeffect s of tanning wastewaters f rom local tannerieson t he adjacent ecosystem was conducted in Indi2a[9 ] . Highest level s of chrome contained in soilwere found in t he vicinity of tanneries , at approx.60 g/ kg. Highest chrome accumulation was ob2served in cauliflower stalks (72 mg/ kg) in locali2ties near tanneries. In st udies investigating Cr ac2cumulation in fish organs it was found t hat mostchrome accumulates in t he liver (approx. 22 mg/kg) and least in muscles (approx. 1 mg/ kg) . Thepo ssible t ransfer of hazardous Cr doses into t hefood chain and consequently to human beings ist hus quite obvious.112 Sol id wasteTannery processing al so produces a considera2ble quantity of solid chrome2tanned wastes whichpresent a significant problem due to t heir chromecontent . The problem of solid wastes has beensolved so far by land filling which , of course , be2side ever increasing land filling co st s al so bringst he danger of chrome escaping into t he ecosystem.Due to t heir containing a sizeable proportion ofprotein material , solid tanned wastes started to beprocessed. Enzymatic hydrolysis has being em2ployed to considerable extent in latest year s , wit hit s particular advantages being mild reaction condi2tions and economic cost2effectiveness [10 , 11 ] . Themain product of enzymatic hydrolysis is collagenhydrolysate , whose application possibilities arebroad , e. g. as feed additive , nit rogenous fertili2ser , raw material for preparing adhesives , corro2sion inhibitor s , etc. The remaining waste productaf ter enzymatic hydrolysis (chrome sludge) has notyet found lucrative application. It s employment ,due to chrome content , has not been much adoptedfor preparing combined tanning bat hs.Subject of the presented work is potential use4 皮革科学与工程 第17 卷© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. t he waste product af ter enzymatic hydrolysis ofchrome2tanned solid wastes (chrome sludge) for i2solating chrome compounds f rom waste tanningliquor s.2 MATERIALS AND METHODSSolid was determined according to ISO 4684[12 ] , ash according to ISO 4047 : 1998[13 ] , nit rogenaccording to ISO 5397 : 1984 [14 ] , Cr2 O3 accordingto ISO 5398 [ 15 ] , Cr according to ISO 9174 : 1998[16 ] and Mg according to ASTM D511203 [ 17 ] .Chrome sludge is a waste product of enzymatichydrolysis of chrome2tanned solid waste and it scomposition is given in Tab. 1. Typical composi2tion of chrome2tanned solid waste is given in Tab.2.Tab11 Composition of chrome sludge1)表1 铬污泥成份Parameter ValueTS/ % 1614Ash/ % 3410N / % 114Cr2O3 / % 1215MgO / % 1115 1) based on total solidsTab12 Composition of chrome2tanned solid waste1)表2 铬鞣革固体废弃物成份Parameter ValueTS/ % 6911Ash/ % 1019N/ % 2011Cr2O3 / % 415 1) based on total solidsTab13 Composition of waste tanning liquor表3 鞣制废液成份Parameter ValueTS/ % 718Ash/ %1) 8713N/ %1) 018Cr/ (mg/ kg) 1 ,769Mg/ (mg/ kg) 693p H 412colour blue2green 1) based on total solidsWaste tanning liquor was obtained f rom tan2ning of cowhides and it s composition is presentedin Tab. 3.The experimental part was divided into twopart s. The fir st part contained five selected massratio s of chrome sludge ∶ waste liquor and threevarious dechromation times , see Table 4. Practicaldechromation was performed under laboratory con2ditions by stirring chrome sludge with waste tan2ning liquor at room temperat ure in accordance wit ht he scheme shown in Fig. 1. Af ter dechromation ,t he heterogeneous mixt ure was cent rif uged. A partof supernatant was analysed for Cr content . Theinvestigated object in view was quantity of residualchrome in waste tanning liquor af ter dechromation.The second part of test s followed up result s ofwaste liquor dechromation efficiency in t he first ex2perimental part . The mass ratio of chrome sludge∶waste liquor producing greatest dechromation ef2ficiency was selected and a series of test s per2formed to t he p urpo se of st udying dechromation re2action kinetics.Fig1 1 Scheme of dechromation of waste tanning liquor图1 鞣制废液的脱铬流程3 RESULTSTest s and dechromation result s at variousmass ratios of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor and va2rious dechromation times are shown in Tab14.Tab15 t hen shows dechromation result s at mass ra2tio of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor = 1 ∶1 and va2rious dechromation times. Each test was performedt hreefold and arit hmetic mean calculated , standarddeviation ranged wit hin ±5 %.第4 期 P. Mokrejs ,et al :Recycling Technology for Waste Tanning Liquors 5© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. Dechromation results of waste tanning liquor at mass ratios of Cr sludge/ waste liq. and dechromation times表4 铬污泥与废液不同质量比以及不同脱铬时间条件下鞣制废液的脱铬结果TestNo.Batch( g)sludge :liquort/ minIn2processpHCr liq. /( mg/ kg)Eff iciency/ %1 7114 ∶50 30 6134 - 7108 807 54142 90 190 89123 180 116 93154 20183 ∶50 30 6195 - 7148 146 91175 90 58 96176 180 33 98117 35171 ∶50 30 7121 - 7168 53 97108 90 33 98119 180 36 981010 50 ∶50 30 7130 - 7190 24 981711 90 23 981712 180 17 991013 70 ∶50 30 7148 - 8102 41 971714 90 32 981215 180 79 9516 1) Starting content of chrome in waste tanning liquor = 1769 mg/ kgTab1 5 Dechromation results of waste tanning liquor andtimes1)表5 铬污泥与废液质量比为1 ∶1 不同脱铬时间条件下鞣制废液的脱铬结果TestNo.t/ minIn processpHCr liq./ ( mg/ kg)Eff iciency/ %1 4 7120 - 7133 438 75122 8 7127 - 7145 351 80123 12 7151 - 7189 299 83114 16 7176 - 7194 230 87105 20 7180 - 7191 206 88146 24 7181 - 7194 200 88177 28 7181 - 7196 139 92118 32 7182 - 7199 43 97169 36 7188 - 8103 32 981210 40 7190 - 8104 19 981911 60 7186 - 8106 28 981412 80 7187 - 8107 22 981813 100 7180 - 8111 35 9810 1) Starting content of chrome in waste tanning liquor =1769 mg/ kg ;mass ratio of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor = 1∶1Figure 2 shows column plot s representing re2sidual chrome content in waste tanning liquor af tert he dechromation procedure at various chromesludge ∶waste liquor ratios and various dechroma2tion times. With a mass ratio of 1 ∶7 af ter 30 mindechromation , a drop of chrome in liquor exceeding50 % was found , af ter 180 min the dechromationefficiency was greatest . Wit h a ratio of 1 ∶214 ,t he tendency of chrome content in liquor to de2crease wit h time was at it s greatest , residualchrome content in liquor coming down to 3314 ppmwhich represent s dechromation efficiency exceeding98 %. Wit h a ratio of 1 ∶114 t he tendency ofchrome decrease is similar , when t he greatest dropof chrome content in liquor was already recordedaf ter 90 min of dechromation ( to 3312 mg/ kg) .Wit h a ratio of 1 ∶1 , lowest level s of residualchrome in liquor were already at tained in 30 min ofdechromation app rox. 24 mg/ kg , representing al2most 99 % dechromation efficiency. A f urt her in2crease in dechromation times produced but negli2gibly decreased chrome content in liquor . Wit h aratio of 114 ∶1 , t he greatest drop of chrome con2tent in liquor was recorded af ter 90 min dechroma2tion. Fig13 shows dechromation kinetics of wastetanning liquor at mass ratio of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor = 1 ∶1 and various dechromationtimes. From result s it is obvious t hat af ter 40 min6 皮革科学与工程 第17 卷© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. chrome content in waste tanning liq2uor decreased to approx. 20 mg/ kg , which com2pared wit h starting content of chrome in waste tan2ning liquor ( 1769 mg/ kg) signifies almost 99 %chrome removal efficiency. Further increases indechromation time did not show in markedly in2creased chrome removal efficiency , and values ofresidual chrome content in slurry fluct uated be2tween 20 and 35 mg/ kg.4 DISCUSSIONDuring past decades , a t ransfer occurred of anotable part of tanning plant s f rom economicallyadvanced west European count ries to developingcount ries and to count ries of t he Asian continent .In latest year s , however , t he environmental loadproduced by t hese plant s became unsustainable andintensive negotiations on resolving t he mat ter gotunder way. When rest ructuring existing and con2st ructing new tanning plant s , issues coming partic2ularly under consideration are solid and liquidwastes containing chrome. Contamination ofgroundwater s wit h liquid wastes containing chromeis obvious. Release of chrome f rom solid wastes第4 期 P. Mokrejs ,et al :Recycling Technology for Waste Tanning Liquors 7© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. proceed particularly t hrough elution by rainwith great hazard of groundwater contamination.The danger of Cr ( III) oxidising to Cr (VI) was al2ready mentioned in t he fir st part of this cont ribu2tion.Test result s showed t he solid waste product ,chrome sludge , may be successf ully employed to i2solate chrome f rom waste tanning liquors , and t hatwith an efficiency of app rox. 99 %. The advanta2ges of recycling technology may primarily comprisesimplicity and low demand for investment cost s ,which make it ideally applicable when recyclingwaste tanning liquor s especially in tanning plant sin t he developing world.Utilisation of chrome2enriched sludge remainsan open issue. A feasible alternative is it s combus2tion and separation of chrome , which may be used ,e. g. in pigment manufacture. A particular compli2cation is presented by accompanying magnesium ,which is undesirable for t hese applications. Isola2ting magnesium f rom chrome sludge will be subjectof a following research. Employment of chrome2enriched sludge for p reparing f resh tanning bathsal so remains an open issue.5 CONCLUSIONRecycling technology developed for removingchrome f rom waste tanning liquors wit h applicationof waste chrome sludge achieves almost 99 % effi2ciency. Dechromed waste liquor represent s a mini2mal load on t he environment . Chrome2enrichedsludge , following isolation of ot her accompanyingelement s (especially magnesium and calcium) com2plicating it s f urther processing , could serve to pre2pare pigment s. Result s of experimental measure2ment s and an elaborated mat hematical model of re2cycling technology will serve to propose an algo2rit hm of enclosed dechromation cycle cont rol whichwill be t he subject of pilot2plant test s.Acknowledgements : The aut hors would like tot hank to The Minist ry of Education of The CzechRep ublic for financial support to t his work execu2ted under MSM Grant No : 7088352102.References :[1 ] Process technology for recovery and recycling of chromi2um f rom leather waste and sludge , BLC , EV5VO542(1994 1996) .[2 ] Ludvik J . Chrome balance in leather processing [ J ] .UNIDO , US/ RAS/ 92/ 120/ 11 - 51 (2000) .[3 ] Mladek M ,et al . Leather indust ry waste t reatment [M] .State Technical Literature Publishing , Prague ( 1971) :261 - 265.[4 ] Rajamani S. A system for recovery and reuse of chromi2um f rom spent tanning liquor using magnesium oxide andsulphuric acid[J ] . UNIDO (2003) .[ 5 ] Covington A D , Sykes R L , Barlow J R , et al. A practi2cal chrome recovery system using magnesium oxide[J ] . JSoc Leather Technol Chem ,1985 , (69) :166 - 174.[6 ]Cotton F , Wilkinson G. Advanced Inorganic Chemist ry( A Comprehensive Text ) [ M ] . Academia , Prague(1973) . 788 - 803.[7 ] Hartford W H. Proceedings Chromium Symposium [J ] .Indust rial Health , Foundation , Pitt sburg (1989) .[8 ]Vijayalakshm R . A Study of the interaction of Cr ( III)complexes and their selective binding with B2DNA. Amolecular modelling approach[J ] . J Biom St ruc Dynam ,2002 (19) :1063 - 1072.[9 ] Chattopadhyay B. The environmental impact of wastechromium of tannery agglomerates in the east Calcuttawetland ecosystem[J ] . J Soc Leather Technol Chem ,2000(84) :94 - 100.[ 10 ] Cabeza L F. Isolation of protein product s f rom chromi2um2containing leather waste using two consecutive en2zymes and purification of final chromium product : Pilotplant studies [ J ] . J Soc Leather Technol Chem , 1999(83) :14 - 19.[11 ] Langmaier F. Product s of enzymatic decomposition ofchrome2tanned leather waste [J ] . J Soc Leather TechnolChem , 1999 (83) :187 - 195.[12 ] ISO 4684 , Determination of volatile matter.[ 13 ] ISO 4047 : 1998 , Determination of sulphated total ashand sulphated water insoluble ash.[14 ] ISO 5397 : 1984 , Determination of nit rogen and hidesubstance.[15 ] ISO 5398 , Determination of chromic oxide.[16 ] ISO 9174 :1998 , Water quality 2 Determination of chro2mium 2 Atomic absorption spect romet ric methods.[17 ]ASTM D511 - 03 , Standard test methods for calciumand magnesium in water.8 皮革科学与工程 第17 卷© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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