论文发表百科

旅游资料翻译论文开题报告格式

发布时间:2024-07-07 13:58:13

旅游资料翻译论文开题报告格式

1.开题报告作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成,经指导教师签署意见及教研室审查后生效;2.开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式(可从教务处网址上下载)打印,禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴,完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见;3.学生查阅资料的参考文献应不少于6篇(不包括辞典、手册);4.有关年月日等日期的填写,应当按照国标GB/T 7408—94《数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法》规定的要求,一律用阿拉伯数字书写。如“2004年4月26日”或“2004-04-26”。

1.论文(含开题报告和文献翻译)用A4纸单面打印,页面设置:左边距、右边距、下边距均为厘米;上边距为厘米。页眉、页脚均为2厘米。论文(含任务书)及附件装订成一册,一式两份。 2.页眉从正文开始。页眉左端顶格为论文标题,论文标题用微软雅黑五号字。若为开题报告或文献翻译则在标题后面加上“/开题报告或/文献翻译”。右端右对齐为页码,用五号阿拉伯数字。 3.正文(含开题报告和文献翻译)用微软雅黑小四号,应当达到15000个字左右。非汉字均用Times New Roman体。字间距设置为“标准”,段落设置为“单倍行距”,所有段落开头均缩进2个字。数学公式用斜体,按章节编号,如第2章第3个公式为(2-3),并与段落右边线对齐。 45.每一章另起一页,章节采用三级标题,用阿拉伯数字连续编号,(例:1,,)。章名为一级标题,位于一页的首行居中,用黑体小二号,段前距为0磅,与紧接其后的文字或二级标题间距为12磅。二级标题用微软雅黑四号,左对齐,断前距12磅,段后距0磅。三级标题用黑体小四号,左对齐,段前距12磅,段后距0磅。 5.图表要有名称,表名位于表的正上方,用微软雅黑小五号粗体。图名位于图的正下方,用微软雅黑小五号粗体;图表按章节编号。例如:表为第2章第7个图表;图3-1为第3章第1个图。图表不要跨页。凡引用的图表,需在图表名后用相应的中括号〔 〕加以标注,(如:〔1〕)。这里的标注号应与参考文献的序号为同一个号。 6.封面及任务书等由学生到(校图书馆一楼)装订处购买,封面不得复印。并在装订处装订论文。 7.除封面外,第一页是任务书,任务书下达时间是:按申请写作时间。 第二页是中文摘要(至少150字)。“摘要” 两字为黑体小二号,居中,设置段前为102磅,段后为12磅。内容用微软雅黑五号字。 “关键词”三个字用黑体小五号,缩进2个字,后面的内容用微软雅黑五号,一般用3-5个词组即可,中间用逗号分隔,结束时不用标点符号。关键词与摘要相距12磅(即设置段前12磅)。中文摘要用罗马数字编制页码,位于页面下方居中。 第三页是Abstract(至少500印刷字符),“Abstract” (用Times New Roman 粗体小二号),内容用Times New Roman 五号。Keywords用Times New Roman 粗体小五号,后面的内容用Times New Roman五号,与英文摘要内容同样相距12磅。英文摘要顺延“中文摘要”页用罗马数字编制页码,位于页面下方居中。 第四页为目录。“目录” 居中,用黑体小二号,段前设置为0磅,段后设置为12磅。目录页顺延“Abstract”页用罗马数字编制页码,位于页面下方居中。 目录依次为:摘要、Abstract、正文(要求列出一、二级标题,一级标题用黑体四号,二级标题用黑体小四号)、参考文献、致谢、附件1:开题报告、附件2:文献翻译(中、英文)。页码数字用小四号。 说明:中英文摘要和目录并非正文,不要设置页眉! 8.参考文献位于正文后另起一页,与正文连续编页码。“参考文献”居中,用黑体小二号,段前设置为0磅,段后设置为12磅。参考文献主要格式如下: 书籍:[序号]作者名(用逗号分隔).书名.版本号(初版不写).出版社名,出版年,引用页码 提示:结束处不要加句号! 例:〔1〕胡玉明,高级管理会计,厦门大学出版社,2005年,第51页 期刊:[序号]作者名(用逗号分隔).题名.刊名,出版年,卷号:(期号),起始页码~终止页码。 特别提示:凡论文中引用过的参考文献须按照顺序依次在正文引用处进行标注,标注方法:位于引用处最后一句话的句号内,具体操作:在工具栏打开格式-字体-上标。(例:如〔1〕)。 9.致谢页位于参考文献之后,与正文连续编页码,“致谢”居中,用黑体小二号,段前设置为0磅,段后设置为12磅。内容为微软雅黑小四号字。 10.附件1:开题报告(包括研究背景、文献综述、技术路线、进度安排和参考文献五部分,各部分之间不需另起一页) 开题报告的标题居中,用黑体小二号粗体,段前距和段后距均为0磅。标题下为:专业、(准考证号)、姓名,均为黑体四号并居中。 说明:开题报告的标题应为论文题目,而不是开题报告四个字! 开题报告中紧接着是摘要(只需中文)和关键词。“摘要”和“关键词”用黑体小四号,“摘要”内容用微软雅黑小四号,“关键词”包含3至5个词组,中间用逗号分隔,结束时不用标点符号。这里摘要和关键词均不需要开头缩进。然后是正文,正文与关键词之间的距离为12磅。 开题报告和文献翻译中,一级标题不需要另起页,一级标题设置段前、段后均为12磅,其余格式与正文同。 注意:开题报告和文献翻译的页码要根据正文的页码进行连续编码。 11.附件2:文献翻译(中、英文)25000个字符左右,先中文(可比照论文格式),标题应为所翻译文章的标题,用黑体小二号粗体,居中。这里文献翻译标题下面是原文作者的(英文)姓名,用小三号Times New Roman体加粗,居中。中文译稿结束后空两行注明外文资料来源,文字内容为“外文资料来源:书籍/期刊(按参考文献格式)”,资料来源结束处不要点句号!空2格写:某某译。字体用微软雅黑小四号加粗(非汉字均用Times New Roman体加粗)右对齐。

A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms(题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”)(学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中)【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… (英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。)【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。)1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行)In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前)2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples:(1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese The characteristics of English idioms(正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,2., 3.,…;节的编号:…,…;小节的编号为:, …。小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格,小四号字,加粗;每节(及小节以下)题目左顶格,小四号字,不加粗但要斜体;所有章节的题目都单独一行,最后不加任何标点符号)….In conclusion, …. The characteristics of Chinese idioms….Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法):(9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.(10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.…. The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms… (i) ….….(ii) ….…. 4. Conclusion….Bibliography (References) (小四号,加粗,后面不加任何标点符号) Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981.常亮,“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》,1993,4:44。 冯树健,“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》,1998,6:11。 李光陵,“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》,2000,30:30。 (论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序:尾注:按照编号顺序。夹注:英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献,各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序,不用单独加序号或编号;每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符;倍行距;另外,与文中的夹注一一对应;不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容)

旅游中的翻译论文开题报告

英语毕业论文开题报告本科一般1000-2000字吧,研究生多点。字数不是关键,主要是内容,当时我写了几次都没过,还是学长给介绍的莫文网,高手就是不一般,一次性就通过了经贸英语语篇翻译策略探析旅游景点英语翻译中的跨文化意识探析跨文化交际中的新闻英语翻译实践探讨从功能角度研究商务英语翻译的原则和策略大学英语翻译教学存在的问题及对策浅谈科技英语翻译中的常见错误及应对技巧论国际商务英语翻译的多元化标准英语翻译中笔译要点分析 优先出版大学英语翻译教学的问题与对策研究文化视角下的旅游英语翻译科技英语翻译的省译商务英语翻译教学的探索与思考国际科技交流中科技英语翻译存在的问题及技巧探析语义翻译和交际翻译观下科技英语翻译研究影响法律英语翻译的因素商务英语翻译的文化适应性问题探析国际商务英语翻译中的文化信息等值研究构建任务型商务英语翻译课程教学的研究旅游英语翻译与本土文化对接的思考项目依托式EAP教学实践研究——以《科技英语翻译》教学为例高中阶段英语翻译教学现状的调查研究国际贸易中商务英语翻译的文化差异及应对策略框架语义学视角下的英汉科技翻译研究基于功能翻译理论的高职院校土木工程专业英语翻译与教学研究中国职业男子篮球俱乐部体育英语翻译现状调查和改善对策研究康巴藏区旅游英语翻译现状调查研究商务英语翻译中文化意象的传递高职英语专业英语翻译课教改初探探讨中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响论文化转向对商务英语翻译的启示非英语专业硕士研究生科技英语翻译能力分析航海英语翻译若干问题商务英语翻译教材建构模式探微国内英语翻译现状分析及产业化思考从建构主义观点谈商务英语翻译教学

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告,欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容:

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富,寓意深刻,具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中,恰当地加以运用,会大大增加语言的表达能力,收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华,是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单,语言精炼,富于形象比喻,充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想,开拓视野,了解英国的历史文化、风土人情,以及英国人民的人生哲理,同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处,详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况:

陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报,1983。

黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊,1999/2

顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报,1993/2。

张培基,喻云根,李宗杰,彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京:中国外语教育出版社,xx/8

杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲:

thesis statemen:this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指导教师意见:

指导教师签名:

年 月 日

哥哥来教你你要写的大概包括国内外的研究现状,你的论文研究的现实意义,论文的大纲(详细的),还有就是根据各学校要求不同了

旅游翻译英语的论文开题报告

英语毕业论文开题报告本科一般一000-二000字吧,研究生多点。字数不是关键,主要是内容,当时我写了几次都没过,还是学长给介绍的莫文中国,高手就是不一般,一次性就通过了 经贸英语语篇翻译策略探析 旅游景点英语翻译中的跨文化意识探析 跨文化交际中的新闻英语翻译实践探讨 从功能角度研究商务英语翻译的原则和策略 大学英语翻译教学存在的问题及对策 浅谈科技英语翻译中的常见错误及应对技巧 论国际商务英语翻译的多元化标准 英语翻译中笔译要点分析 优先出版 大学英语翻译教学的问题与对策研究 文化视角下的旅游英语翻译 科技英语翻译的省译 商务英语翻译教学的探索与思考 国际科技交流中科技英语翻译存在的问题及技巧探析 语义翻译和交际翻译观下科技英语翻译研究 影响法律英语翻译的因素 商务英语翻译的文化适应性问题探析 国际商务英语翻译中的文化信息等值研究 构建任务型商务英语翻译课程教学的研究 旅游英语翻译与本土文化对接的思考 项目依托式EAP教学实践研究——以《科技英语翻译》教学为例 高中阶段英语翻译教学现状的调查研究 国际贸易中商务英语翻译的文化差异及应对策略 框架语义学视角下的英汉科技翻译研究 基于功能翻译理论的高职院校土木工程专业英语翻译与教学研究 中国职业男子篮球俱乐部体育英语翻译现状调查和改善对策研究 康巴藏区旅游英语翻译现状调查研究 商务英语翻译中文化意象的传递 高职英语专业英语翻译课教改初探 探讨中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响 论文化转向对商务英语翻译的启示 非英语专业硕士研究生科技英语翻译能力分析 航海英语翻译若干问题 商务英语翻译教材建构模式探微 国内英语翻译现状分析及产业化思考 从建构主义观点谈商务英语翻译教

英语毕业论文开题报告本科一般1000-2000字吧,研究生多点。字数不是关键,主要是内容,当时我写了几次都没过,还是学长给介绍的莫文网,高手就是不一般,一次性就通过了经贸英语语篇翻译策略探析旅游景点英语翻译中的跨文化意识探析跨文化交际中的新闻英语翻译实践探讨从功能角度研究商务英语翻译的原则和策略大学英语翻译教学存在的问题及对策浅谈科技英语翻译中的常见错误及应对技巧论国际商务英语翻译的多元化标准英语翻译中笔译要点分析 优先出版大学英语翻译教学的问题与对策研究文化视角下的旅游英语翻译科技英语翻译的省译商务英语翻译教学的探索与思考国际科技交流中科技英语翻译存在的问题及技巧探析语义翻译和交际翻译观下科技英语翻译研究影响法律英语翻译的因素商务英语翻译的文化适应性问题探析国际商务英语翻译中的文化信息等值研究构建任务型商务英语翻译课程教学的研究旅游英语翻译与本土文化对接的思考项目依托式EAP教学实践研究——以《科技英语翻译》教学为例高中阶段英语翻译教学现状的调查研究国际贸易中商务英语翻译的文化差异及应对策略框架语义学视角下的英汉科技翻译研究基于功能翻译理论的高职院校土木工程专业英语翻译与教学研究中国职业男子篮球俱乐部体育英语翻译现状调查和改善对策研究康巴藏区旅游英语翻译现状调查研究商务英语翻译中文化意象的传递高职英语专业英语翻译课教改初探探讨中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响论文化转向对商务英语翻译的启示非英语专业硕士研究生科技英语翻译能力分析航海英语翻译若干问题商务英语翻译教材建构模式探微国内英语翻译现状分析及产业化思考从建构主义观点谈商务英语翻译教学

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文,供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

旅游翻译论文题目

英语的论文题名一般不应是陈述句,因为题名主要起标示作用,而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义。为此以下是我为大家整理的关于的内容,一起来看看吧! 一 on Translation of Trade Marks and Culture 商标翻译与文化研究 Social and Cultural Factors in Translation Practice 影响翻译实践的社会和文化因素 the Translation of English Idioms 论英语习语的翻译 on Features and Translation of English Idioms 英语习语翻译特点研究 parison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms 中英习语翻译与比较 on Loyalty in English-Chinese Translation 中英互译的忠实性研究 Equivalence in Translation 翻译中的文化对等性研究 Translation and the Important of it 文学翻译与重要性研究 the Du Fu’s Poems Translation 论杜甫的诗词翻译 Analysis of Techniques for Learning a Foreign Language Through Translation 通过翻译学习外语的技巧分析 11.中英颜色词的文化差异及翻译 Cultural Differences and Translation in Chinese and English Color words 翻译中不可译性的文化阐释 Cultural Perspective on Untranslatability 中英动物文化内涵的不同及翻译 Connotation and Translation in Chinese and English Animals 浅论翻译中的译者主体性发挥的度 Degree of Translators Subjectivity in Translation 修辞策略在广告英语中的效用探究 Probe of the Effect of Rhetorical Devices in English Advertisement Analysis of the English Translation of the Information about Scenic Spots in Wuhan 武汉旅游景点资料的英译错误分析 Most Favorable Method for Translating Foreign Words into Chinese 音意兼译外来词中译之首选方法 Tentative Study on the Cohesion and Coherence in Sun Zhili’s Chinese Translation of Pride and Prejudice 浅论《傲慢与偏见》孙致礼中译本的衔接与连贯 Translation of Attributive Clauses in English for Science and Technology 科技英语中定语从句的汉译 Titles and Their TranslationA cross-cultural perspective 从跨文化角度分析电影片名及其翻译 Expressions on Public Signs from Chinese into English 汉语公示语英译 22.论文化差异与翻译 Cultural differences and translation 23.商标名的翻译原则与品牌文化 The Translation Principle of Brand Names and Brand Culture 24.英文电影片名的翻译策略与翻译方法研究 On Translation of English Film Names 25.意美、音美、形美--英文商标的汉译 Beauty in Sense, Sound and Form--On Translation of English Trademarks into Chinese 26.中文商标英译探 On the Translation of Trademarks from Chinese into English 二 1. 商务英语函电翻译技巧 2. 论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响 3. 浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 4. 商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 5. 商务函电翻译的用词技巧 6. 商标名称的翻译与策略 7. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧 8. 如何翻译好日常商务文书 9. 商务英语信函的语体分析 10. 浅谈商务信函的文体特征 11. 英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译 12. 商务英语汉英翻译中从句的运用技巧 13. 论跨文化因素对商业广告英语翻译的影响 14. 跨文化商务交际中的语言和非语言因素 15. 浅谈英语告示语的语言特色与翻译 16. 商务英语函电翻译技巧 17. 论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响 18. 浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 19. 商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 20. 商务函电翻译的用词技巧 21. 商标名称的翻译与策略 22. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧 23. 如何翻译好日常商务文书 24. 商务英语信函的语体分析 25. 浅谈商务信函的文体特征 26. 英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译 27. 商务英语汉英翻译中从句的运用技巧 28. 论跨文化因素对商业广告英语翻译的影响 29. 跨文化商务交际中的语言和非语言因素 30. 浅谈英语告示语的语言特色与翻译 三 1、 文化差异与英汉习语翻译 2、 浅析《虞美人•春花秋月何时了》的三种英译 3、 浅谈如何综合选用直译和意译 4、 中国特色新词的英译 5、 汉语成语的英译技巧探索 6、 英语习语的翻译技巧 7、 张扬中国文化,让世界了解中国---汉英翻译中的“求同存异”原则 8、汉英颜色词对比研究 9、广告翻译技巧 10、英语习语翻译技巧 11、从“三美”原则来谈诗歌翻译 12、浅谈直译与意译

Affects of Accuracy in Translation to Toursm Promotion

英语翻译论文题目

写英语翻译的论文需要写哪些内容呢?选什么样的题目合适?下面是我为大家收集的关于英语翻译论文题目,欢迎大家阅读!

1、谈英语谚语的翻译

2、谈英语幽默的翻译

3、英语汉译技巧初探

4、地方名胜古迹汉译英

5、翻译中常见错误分析

6、中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响

7、会话含义的推导与翻译

8、词汇的文化内涵与翻译

9、语境在翻译中的作用

10、翻译技巧探索

11、商标词翻译

12、广告语言的翻译

13、论英汉互译中的语义等值问题

14、英汉文化差异对翻译的影响

15、英汉谚语的理解和翻译

16、浅谈颜色词在英语中的翻译

17、中西文化差异与翻译障碍

18、英语比喻性词语中文化内涵及翻译

19、英语意义否定表现法及其汉译

20、浅谈新闻标题的翻译

21、互文性理论下的电影片名翻译

22、从唐诗《春望》英译比较看译者主体性

23、功能对等理论在英文电影字幕翻译中的应用-以《肖申克的救赎》为个案

24、语篇翻译中的衔接与连贯

25、从关联理论视角看汉语习语的英译

26、从目的论角度看新闻标题英汉翻译

27、目的论关照下的汉语标语翻译

28、影视翻译的特点及技巧-阿甘正传个案研究

29、The Characteristics of Athletic English and Its Translation体育英语的特点及翻译

30、Chinese Reduplicated Words and their Translation into English 汉语叠词及其英译

31、Non-Correspondence in English-Chinese Translation of Color Words中英文翻译中颜色词的非对应

32、On the Cultural Signification of Animal Idioms and Translation 动物俚语文化含义与翻译

33、Foreignizing and Domesticating Translations in Cross-cultural Vision跨文化视野中的异化和归化翻译

34、The Loss of Affective Meaning in Translation ―from the Perspective of Cultural Differences 从文化差异的角度看翻译中情感意义的丢失

35、On the Explicitness and Implicitness of Conjunctions in English-Chinese Translation Process 论连词再英汉翻译中的显性和隐性存在

36、Approaching Domestication and Foreignization in Translation from a Functional Perspective 从功能翻译角度看归化与异化

37、Conversion of Part of Speech in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉中词类的转换

38、The Transfer of Culture Image and of English and Chinese Idioms in Translating 论英汉习语翻译中的文化意象的转化 VI 旅游英语方向的选题

39、科技汉英翻译中的.修辞现象述评 ( An Overview of Rhetoric in Scientific English Translation )

40、科技英汉翻译中的虚实互化现象微探 ( Research on the Change from Abstractness to Concreteness in Scientific Translation )

41、翻译方法个案研究?如?“从海明威的短篇小说《一个 干净、明亮的地方》看简洁句的翻译”?

42、两个译本比较研究 ?或某 个译本翻译评论?

43、某个著名翻译家翻译方法或翻译风格研究

44、英汉习语翻译方法研究

45、广告翻译策略 研究

46、Culture Differences and Translation of English &Chinese Idioms

47、浅析应用文体之翻译

48、烹饪英语 翻译探微

49、科技英语翻译方法例析

50、中式菜谱的英译

51、汉语颜色 词的英译

52、福克勒小说的英译

53、英语俚语的汉译

54、论英语委婉 语的差异和翻译对策

55、实用文体翻译中的语 言、文化透视?结合语言学、跨文化交际等相关内容分析影响实 用文体翻译的因素?

56、关于对外交流翻译中不足 的反思?如?电影名的误译?旅游翻译的误译及其他。?

57、对某一翻译的理解与 探讨?如“信、达、雅”的探讨与新解?等等

58、中国特色词汇及其英译

59、中英数字文化对比及其翻译策略

60、论小说风格的传译

61、英文小说中对话的翻译

62、英汉修辞格 的语篇衔接作用及其在翻译中的再现

63、文学翻译批评简论

64、英汉语篇衔接 作用及其翻译策略

65、汉语广告英译中的巧 译策略探微

旅游英语专业毕业论文最好选创新点的题目,最开始我也什么都不懂,还是学长给的莫文网,高手就是不一样,效率高没几天就搞定啦旅游英语的特点及翻译的路径选择高校旅游英语教学模式研究项目教学法在中职旅游英语教学中的应用研究——以《饭店服务英语》为例基于需求分析的旅游英语教学旅游英语教学改革探析基于需求分析的旅游英语课程研究职业能力导向的高职旅游英语教学改革探索高校旅游英语课程教学改革探析情景教学法在高职旅游英语口语教学中的应用高职旅游英语专业人才培养目标定位研究任务型教学法在高职旅游英语教学中的应用研究任务驱动法在高职旅游英语教学中的应用试论旅游英语教学存在的问题及其革新旅游英语翻译与本土文化对接的思考论ESP需求分析理论对旅游英语教学的指导意义用ESP理论分析旅游英语的特点及教学法输入假说在高职院校旅游英语听说教学中的应用和研究旅游英语教学方法与问题对高职旅游英语能力培养途径的几点思考高职旅游英语课程改革研究任务型教学法中任务后在旅游英语词汇教学中的应用研究本科旅游英语教学中跨文化交际能力的培养研究基于需求分析的高职院校旅游英语教学现状研究——以临汾职业技术学院为例高等职业院校旅游英语专业教学实践探索旅游英语教学中存在的问题及对策高等院校旅游英语专业教学探讨旅游英语教学改革初探旅游英语教学改革与大学ESP发展模式探讨论情景教学法在高职旅游英语中的应用

服装商标翻译论文开题报告格式

论文的开题 报告 是指开题者对科研课题的一种文字说明材料,论文的开题报告的字体以及各式等方面都有一定的要求的。下面是我为大家整理的论文开题报告的字体格式要求的内容,希望能对大家有所帮助。

1.论文(含开题报告和文献翻译)用A4纸单面打印,页面设置:左边距、右边距、下边距均为厘米;上边距为厘米。页眉、页脚均为2厘米。论文(含任务书)及附件装订成一册,一式两份。

2.页眉从正文开始。页眉左端顶格为论文标题,论文标题用宋体五号字。若为开题报告或文献翻译则在标题后面加上“/开题报告或/文献翻译”。右端右对齐为页码,用五号阿拉伯数字。

3.正文(含开题报告和文献翻译)用宋体小四号,应当达到15000个字左右。非汉字均用Times New Roman体。字间距设置为“标准”,段落设置为“单倍行距”,所有段落开头均缩进2个字。数学公式用斜体,按章节编号,如第2章第3个公式为(2-3),并与段落右边线对齐。

4.每一章另起一页,章节采用三级标题,用阿拉伯数字连续编号,(例:1,,)。章名为一级标题,位于一页的首行居中,用黑体小二号,段前距为0磅,与紧接其后的文字或二级标题间距为12磅。二级标题用宋体四号,左对齐,断前距12磅,段后距0磅。三级标题用黑体小四号,左对齐,段前距12磅,段后距0磅。

5.图表要有名称,表名位于表的正上方,用宋体小五号粗体。图名位于图的正下方,用宋体小五号粗体;图表按章节编号。例如:表为第2章第7个图表;图3-1为第3章第1个图。图表不要跨页。凡引用的图表,需在图表名后用相应的中括号〔 〕加以标注,(如:〔1〕)。这里的标注号应与参考文献的序号为同一个号。

6.封面及任务书等由学生到(校图书馆一楼)装订处购买,封面不得复印。并在装订处装订论文。

7.除封面外,第一页是任务书,任务书下达时间是:按申请写作时间。

第二页是中文摘要(至少150字)。“摘要” 两字为黑体小二号,居中,设置段前为102磅,段后为12磅。内容用宋体五号字。 “关键词”三个字用黑体小五号,缩进2个字,后面的内容用宋体五号,一般用3-5个词组即可,中间用逗号分隔,结束时不用标点符号。关键词与摘要相距12磅(即设置段前12磅)。中文摘要用罗马数字编制页码,位于页面下方居中。

第三页是Abstract(至少500印刷字符),“Abstract” (用Times New Roman 粗体小二号),内容用Times New Roman 五号。Keywords用Times New Roman 粗体小五号,后面的内容用Times New Roman五号,与英文摘要内容同样相距12磅。英文摘要顺延“中文摘要”页用罗马数字编制页码,位于页面下方居中。

第四页为目录。“目录” 居中,用黑体小二号,段前设置为0磅,段后设置为12磅。目录页顺延“Abstract”页用罗马数字编制页码,位于页面下方居中。

目录依次为:摘要、Abstract、正文(要求列出一、二级标题,一级标题用黑体四号,二级标题用黑体小四号)、参考文献、致谢、附件1:开题报告、附件2:文献翻译(中、英文)。页码数字用小四号。

说明:中英文摘要和目录并非正文,不要设置页眉!

8.参考文献位于正文后另起一页,与正文连续编页码。“参考文献”居中,用黑体小二号,段前设置为0磅,段后设置为12磅。参考文献主要格式如下:

书籍:[序号]作者名(用逗号分隔).书名.版本号(初版不写).出版社名,出版年,引用页码

提示:结束处不要加句号!

例:〔1〕胡玉明,高级管理会计,厦门大学出版社,2005年,第51页

期刊:[序号]作者名(用逗号分隔).题名.刊名,出版年,卷号:(期号),起始页码~终止页码。

特别提示:凡论文中引用过的参考文献须按照顺序依次在正文引用处进行标注,标注 方法 :位于引用处最后一句话的句号内,具 体操 作:在工具栏打开格式-字体-上标。(例:如〔1〕)。

9.致谢页位于参考文献之后,与正文连续编页码,“致谢”居中,用黑体小二号,段前设置为0磅,段后设置为12磅。内容为宋体小四号字。

10.附件1:开题报告(包括研究背景、文献综述、技术路线、进度安排和参考文献五部分,各部分之间不需另起一页)

开题报告的标题居中,用黑体小二号粗体,段前距和段后距均为0磅。标题下为:专业、(准考证号)、姓名,均为黑体四号并居中。

论文开题报告的字体格式要求说明 :开题报告的标题应为论文题目,而不是开题报告四个字!

论文开题报告的字体格式要求: 开题报告中紧接着是摘要(只需中文)和关键词。“摘要”和“关键词”用黑体小四号,“摘要”内容用宋体小四号,“关键词”包含3至5个词组,中间用逗号分隔,结束时不用标点符号。这里摘要和关键词均不需要开头缩进。然后是正文,正文与关键词之间的距离为12磅。

论文开题报告的字体格式要求: 开题报告和文献翻译中,一级标题不需要另起页,一级标题设置段前、段后均为12磅,其余格式与正文同。

论文开题报告的字体格式应该注意 :开题报告和文献翻译的页码要根据正文的页码进行连续编码。

11.附件2:文献翻译(中、英文)25000个字符左右,先中文(可比照论文格式),标题应为所翻译 文章 的标题,用黑体小二号粗体,居中。这里文献翻译标题下面是原文作者的(英文)姓名,用小三号Times New Roman体加粗,居中。中文译稿结束后空两行注明外文资料来源,文字内容为“外文资料来源:书籍/期刊(按参考文献格式)”,资料来源结束处不要点句号!空2格写:某某译。字体用宋体小四号加粗(非汉字均用Times New Roman体加粗)右对齐。

摘要:音乐是舞蹈的灵魂,同时舞蹈和音乐又很好地统一在一起。优美的音乐可以激发舞蹈者的灵感和想象,同时跳动的音乐节奏又可以提示舞蹈者的动作。而在舞蹈中,舞蹈者的形象也是通过和谐一致的听觉和视觉才引起人们的欣赏美感的。如果没音乐,舞蹈也就失去了生命力。由古至今,音乐是舞蹈的声音,而舞蹈是音乐的表现形式,音乐和舞蹈是紧密相连的不同的艺术,都具有一定的美学价值,而音乐和舞蹈的完美配合,又可以带给人们一场盛大的听觉和视觉盛宴。

关键词:音乐 舞蹈 跳跃 和谐

音乐与舞蹈是紧密联系在一起的,舞蹈者优美的动作和音乐是分不开的。在不同音乐的刺激下,人的听觉通过中枢神经会做出相应的心理反应,从而引起联想。在编排舞蹈时是从音乐开始的,音乐和舞蹈结合在一起,是把舞蹈者的感情突破空间的穿透力而表现出来,让舞者身心交融进而会产生共鸣。因此,在二者的关系中,音乐是舞蹈里不可分割的一个重要部分,音乐以其多样的风格、鲜明轻快的节奏以及优美的旋律而赋予舞蹈更加丰富的艺术表现。舞蹈者在优美的音乐中展开优美的舞蹈动作,不仅可以享受美丽,而且还能够陶冶精神。同时,舞蹈者对伴奏音乐的理解也影响着舞蹈的艺术表现,所以在实际中就需要把舞蹈和音乐和谐的结合在一起,促进二者的共同发展。

一、音乐在舞蹈中的重要地位

(一)音乐可以帮助舞蹈者表达情绪,烘托气氛

音乐的加入可以很好的激发强化舞蹈的表达,如果离开了音乐,舞蹈就不能够充分的表达出感情。由于音乐的一个直接的特点就是渗入人心,因而人们在欣赏时就会经常把音乐中表现出来的感情作为自己的内心感情来体验,而舞蹈在跳舞之前就会先对音乐进行深刻的体验,所以当这种对音乐的理解与感受激发起舞蹈者内心的感情时,这种感情就会通过丰富的舞蹈动作表现出来。这样,音乐的介入,就会首先打动大众观众的感情,也让观众对舞蹈有了更深的理解。另外,音乐的丰富情感也给了舞蹈更加丰富的艺术表现,也拉近了观众和舞蹈的距离。

(二)音乐可以帮助舞蹈者组织动作

音乐和舞蹈具有相同的韵律、节奏以及情感内容,并且在展示时也是同步进行的,因此就要求二者必须做到高度的协调统一。在设计舞蹈动作之前是就必须有音乐的,而不是先有了舞蹈动作之后再配备的音乐。在舞蹈中运用的音乐主要有两种形式,首先可以是为既定的舞蹈情节与主题来创作相关的音乐,其次是可以利用现成的音乐。其中普遍采用的方法是按照音乐来编排舞蹈。例如古典芭蕾就是根据音乐的旋律灵魂来展开的动作技巧,这也称作是舞蹈音乐,主要是利用和谐匀称的音乐来展示舞蹈的动作,但是也要注意,舞蹈并不是仅仅服从于音乐的。这主要表现在,首先如果是为了专门构思的舞蹈来创作音乐,就需要根据舞蹈编导的要求来进行创作。其次舞蹈的配乐也要有选择,因为不是所有的音乐都适合于舞蹈。第三,舞蹈编导在具体编制可以根据舞蹈内容要求对音乐进行相应的修改。

(三)音乐有利于舞蹈的构思创作

由于音乐的丰富性作用,一听到音乐就很容易想起舞蹈,所以舞蹈构想也就产生了。在实际中却还面临着听到的音乐是否可以立即成为伴奏音乐。如果听见音乐就想跳舞,这是对听到的音乐触发的灵感,而这种灵感就推动去创作舞蹈动作。音乐是由时间、感情以及节奏组成的,所以就可以把音乐直接变成舞蹈来应用,所以音乐其实具有伴奏与创作的双重性特征。例如在实际中听到了贝多芬的《命运交响曲》,有人就想创作出和命运有关的舞蹈,于是就产生了《命运》舞蹈。在一定程度上,舞蹈是对音乐的形象化表现,二者是相互依存的,如果没有了音乐,舞蹈就是半成品。同时,所有的曲子都可以自由的跳,这就是根据现成的音乐对舞蹈进行的创作。

二、舞蹈对音乐的升华作用

(一)舞蹈需要音乐的节奏和旋律

音乐是一门单独的艺术形式,但是在舞蹈中的音乐,是舞蹈者对音乐的再创作,舞蹈者在听到音乐之后,根据自己的理解而进行的和音乐一致的肢体动作,就是舞蹈的音乐的诠释、表现。但是这种肢体展示并不是根据音乐中的每个音符用人体来表现出来,而是对音乐精神和情感的展现。另外,音乐与舞蹈的一个共同点就是相同的节奏,而节奏也是舞蹈与音乐相结合的重要基础。在实际中,舞蹈是需要通过音乐来加强动作的展示与情感的渲染的,在表演舞蹈时,也需要有一定的节奏伴奏。在舞蹈中肢体舞动的位移因素就是因为节奏的存在,而任何形式的肢体动作都是在经过节奏加工后才会形成比较优美的肢体动作,而这些是形成舞蹈动作的一个重要前提。音乐的变化比较快,音乐是一门时间艺术,而舞蹈却是空间与时间的艺术,舞蹈不是对音乐中每一个细微的变化做出的机械反映。舞蹈与音乐的另外一个共同点就是抒情。舞蹈与音乐都是对感情的直接表达,但是音乐的表达一般具有抽象性,因而不会对舞蹈具体的感情表达产生干扰或者是矛盾,而是可以和舞蹈有完美结合。由于人具有丰富的情感,任何一种对感情的表现都一个产生到逐渐变化的过程,尤其是把生活中的喜怒哀乐搬到舞台上,就更需要借助一定的表现形式才能把这些情感表达出来。舞蹈中产生的一切肢体动作,都需要围绕人的主体来进行,并根据自然界的规律,对肢体动作进行升华。舞蹈中的任何情绪都是编导者通过对舞蹈作品进行构思之后形成的,然后在进行一定的创编,由舞蹈演员来把握其中的感情,把要表达的情感在舞蹈中呈现、抒发出来。并在此基础上把舞蹈与音乐结合在一起,也把其中的情感结合在一起,因而在选择相应的舞蹈音乐时创作者也需要具备一定的审美能力。

(二)舞蹈中需要音乐的辅助作用

舞蹈艺术是利用肢体的运动形式来表现语言的方式,而对事物事件的发展过程也是通过肢体的移动来实现的,因而运用舞蹈语言也可以把整件事情来表达清楚,但是舞蹈艺术的表现形式却不能够把事件所处的时代背景与发生的环境表现出来。而这一点,却可以通过音乐来弥补。由于音乐具有一定的听觉特征,音乐的表现和创作形式也会留下鲜明的时代情感表现与音乐特征,同时这种时代感也会给欣赏者带来一定的时代感受,比如我们在听到《红星闪闪》、《黄河协奏曲》时就很容易联想到那一代的事情,因此音乐就很好的把舞蹈中表现的事件就做出了交代。在实际中舞蹈艺术是以音乐的节奏和比较夸张的气口来作为肢体动作切入点的。而舞蹈的韵味和感觉都是通过肢体语言来表现的,所以在舞蹈时舞蹈者就会完全释放自己的肢体,另外,舞蹈者还根据音乐的节奏来表现蕴含的情感,而根据明快的节奏舞蹈者在实际舞蹈时也会不停的变换肢体动作,利用强烈的情感张丽给观众一种舞台是空的、舞台上只存在一种情绪的感觉。同时,舞蹈又很好的结合了写意与写实,利用肢体的动态变换过程来传递信息,也通过一定的个性化肢体动作来体现情绪。

(三)舞蹈形象与音乐形象的统一

音乐形象主要是由情绪音乐的形象体育主体音乐的形象相互结合而形成的。在舞蹈的艺术中音乐其实与舞蹈的文学形象具有同样重要的地位,益音乐形象也是舞蹈的一项主心骨,如果舞蹈没有了音乐,舞蹈就会失去色彩和灵魂,所以在舞蹈中离不开音乐的衬托。舞蹈中的舞蹈形象,首先则是舞蹈的主体音乐形象。在一部舞蹈作品里主体音乐形象一般是贯穿始终的一个主要线索,而舞蹈表现的现象也是在以这个线索为中心根据相应的文学形象支配来进行拓展创作的,舞蹈中主体音乐形象是对文学形象的一个很好的诠释,因此舞蹈形象与音乐形象的统一集合就可以让观众通过看和听来欣赏舞蹈艺术,进而陶冶情操,形成美好的精神感受。另外,主体音乐形象与舞蹈音乐形象结合在一起,又可以使舞蹈的形象更加具有个性化与典型化,形成完美统一的舞蹈艺术效果。

三、结语

综上所述,舞蹈动作和音乐是紧密联系在一起的,音乐不仅可以对舞蹈的动作做出提示,还可以给舞蹈者一定的灵感启发。舞蹈中利用听觉与视觉的结合来引起艺术美感的,如果没有了音乐的配合,舞蹈表现也就失去了生命力。因而成功的舞蹈是需要音乐的配合的,有了音乐优美和谐的伴奏,就很容易点燃跳舞者的激情,把舞蹈的内涵完美的呈现出来。

参考文献:

[1]汤晓宁.舞蹈艺术与实践[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2009.

[2]宋小璐.音乐是舞蹈的灵魂——试论音乐在舞蹈中的重要性[J]. 文化 月刊,2009,(07).

[3]慕羽.当代舞蹈编导类群的价值定位——兼谈舞蹈编导的社会责任问题[J].北京蹈学院学报,2005,(04).

[4]陈佩玲.视觉艺术与听觉艺术-论舞蹈钢琴伴奏教学的特点[J].舞蹈,2009,(04).

[5]张娟.乐者舞之魂一舞蹈钢琴伴奏艺术探微[J].西安音乐学院学报,2010,(04).

1. 论文开题报告字体格式要求

2. 毕业论文开题报告格式字体的要求

3. 毕业论文开题报告格式字体

4. 毕业论文开题报告格式要求格式

5. 论文开题报告的打印格式要求

学术堂整理了一份民国服装设计毕业论文开题报告格式,供大家参考:开题报告格式:课题名称开题报告(宋体,三号,加粗)简要描述课题概况,主要描述课题要完成的目标.(宋体,小四,150字以内)一、课题研究背景(宋体,四号,加粗)(一)工程概况(宋体,小四号)主要描述工程的具体名称,位置建设单位,规模,技术经济参数等(宋体,小四,300字左右)(二)课题研究的意义(宋体,小四号)主要描述课题研究对工程有何用途,及对本人的知识和技能的获得有何意义.(宋体,小四,200字左右)二、课题研究内容(宋体,四号,加粗)(一)研究的主要内容(宋体,小四号)主要描述课题研究哪些内容,或进行哪些项目的设计或计算.(宋体,小四,300字左右)(二)课题的研究目标(宋体,小四号)本项目的研究目标是:(描述具体目标)(宋体,小四,100字左右)(三)预期成果形式(宋体,小四号)施工组织设计文本、计算书、设计说明、或图纸等,结合课题自选.三、研究步骤及使用的关键技术(宋体,四号,加粗)(一)研究步骤研究步骤如下:200×年×月-200×年×月,具体任务1200×年×月-200×年×月,具体任务2200×年×月-200×年×月,具体任务3(二)关键技术描述完成课题使用的关键技术.(宋体,小四,100字左右)四、课题研究价值(宋体,四号,加粗)(一)创新点描述课题的创新点.(宋体,小四,60字左右)(二)应用价值描述课题的应用价值.(宋体,小四,100字左右)

1.开题报告作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成,经指导教师签署意见及教研室审查后生效;2.开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式(可从教务处网址上下载)打印,禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴,完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见;3.学生查阅资料的参考文献应不少于6篇(不包括辞典、手册);4.有关年月日等日期的填写,应当按照国标GB/T 7408—94《数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法》规定的要求,一律用阿拉伯数字书写。如“2004年4月26日”或“2004-04-26”。

如下:

一、开题报告封面:论文题目、系别、专业、年级、姓名、导师。

二、论文的背景、目的和意义(目的要明确,充分阐明该课题的重要性):论文的背景;理论意义;现实意义。

三、国内外研究概况(应结合毕业设计题目,与参考文献相联系,是参考文献的概括):理论的渊源及演进过程;国内有关研究的综述;国外有关研究的综述。

四、论文的理论依据、研究方法、研究内容:思想明确、清晰,方法正确、到位,应结合所要研究内容,有针对性。

五、研究条件和可能存在的问题。

六、预期的结果。

七、论文拟撰写的主要内容(论文提纲)。

八、论文工作进度安排:内容要丰富,不要写得太简单,要充实,按每周填写,可2-3周,但至少很5个时间段,任务要具体,能充分反映研究内容。

写作要点

第一、要写什么

这个重点要进行已有文献综述把有关的题目方面的已经有的国内外研究认真介绍一下先客观介绍情况要如实陈述别人的观点然后进行评述后主观议论加以评估说已有研究有什么不足说有了这些研究但还有很多问题值得研究。

其中要包括选题将要探讨的问题。由于研究不足所以你要研究。你的论文要写什么是根据文献综述得出来的,而不是你想写什么就写什么。如果不做综述很可能你的选题早被别人做得很深了。

第二、为什么要写这个

这个主要是说明你这个选题的意义。可以说在理论上你发现别人有什么不足和研究空白,所以你去做就有理论价值了。那么你要说清楚你从文献综述中选出来的这个题目在整个相关研究领域占什么地位。这就是理论价值。 然后你还可以从实际价值去谈。就是这个题目可能对现实有什么意义可能在实际中派什么用场等等。

相关百科
热门百科
首页
发表服务