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土木工程专业毕业论文英文文献

发布时间:2024-07-05 23:54:54

土木工程专业毕业论文英文文献

我也是土木专业的,把以前我用的那个发给你参考一下。去看邮箱吧。

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土木工程的key哀,速度,

Research on the construction safety management of Civil EngineeringIn recent years, the construction accident in civil engineering in our country often occur. This not only caused casualties, also caused great loss of national property, and resulting in a very bad social influence. Therefore, in our country, the construction units in the civil engineering construction projects, shouldstrengthen the construction safety management, all aspects ofsecurity control for engineering, to prevent dangerous accidentsin the end it all. The cause of the civil engineering constructionaccidents are in many aspects. In order to enhance security,should be combined with the characteristics of construction projects and the enterprise's internal and external conditions, the rational allocation of production factors, optimization of management process. In order to realize the construction safetymanagement, construction units should establish a safety management system of a project, it should be carried out from the following aspects:A construction safety consciousness, cultivate the modern safety science theory, occurrence of unsafe human behavior causedcasualties. To implement safety management, it should becombined with psychology, behavioral science to strengthen the education and training of employees in production safety,improve the consciousness of safe production, so as to guide the safety production behavior of employees. For the construction enterprises should strengthen safety awareness and educationproject personnel, developing the regular safety education to the construction personnel involved in the project, and to carry outsecurity work. Three level education to the new participate in the work of the operating personnel; often transform types of employees, should be safety training for new types of work, makeoperation personnel matters needing attention can be familiar with the safe operation of the. In order to make safe productionconsciousness win support among the people, enterprisemanagement personnel but also in engineering project, using a variety of promotional tools to start a variety of education,cultivate the construction personnel safety consciousness. Andin the management of enterprises, the production safety systemthought to. Leaders at all levels and enterprises in issuing the project production task, should also carry out safety productionmeasures. Such as the production safety requirements to the construction personnel, so conducive to safe thought into the production of management, let each employee has consciously in the psychological sense of , the establishment of management system for safety in production in addition to strengthen production safety education and awareness of construction project staff, should alsoestablish a safety management system, protect the system from the construction enterprise safety in production of. In order toavoid the frequent occurrence of sudden accident, the construction enterprise should according to the project, to develop a comprehensive, the system of safety management,and invest the necessary manpower and funds to ensure the implementation of the project. Ensure the production safetyconstruction from the system implementation, the project section of construction enterprises should establish the safety inspectionsystem, and regularly to the project construction of the security check. Make a clear record of project construction process,record the dangerous post, and regularly check the work. Self evaluation and construction team every week to organize asafety activities, the project department to make regular safetyevaluation for project production. Construction enterprises in theconstruction of civil engineering, in order to establish a safety management system, need to make corresponding technical measures for safety management system, a comprehensivescientific standard for , the safety work of construction enterprise project technical measures should be prior to commencement of for engineering and technical measures should be strict examination and approval, the approval before implementation. If the design changes during construction, corresponding safety technical measures should be coordinated with the adjustment,will follow. The safety technical measures enacted personnel andparticipation, should fully understand the project as the construction scheme, construction environment, the actualoperation has, and combined with relevant laws and regulations or the security policy to establish safety technical measures,which can ensure the safety measures. In civil engineering construction of large, corresponding safety technical measuresshould be formulated more comprehensive and more specific,must be carried out through the whole process of construction,and mainly covers to other engineering safety. To establish the system of safety management, construction enterprises should also be strict safety before the construction of the project, technical personnel should to the technical measures for the construction personnelwork. Such as technical personnel issue written materials relatedto the construction personnel, and the implementation of safety technical measures of construction workers to regularly check;when technicians found construction personnel in violation oftechnical measure behavior, to give timely corrected. When theconstruction personnel technical mistakes when amended and supplemented immediately. In order to ensure the safety ofconstruction enterprises to implement, should take theseinspection of production safety measures the formation of rules and regulations, require employees to strictly abide by, so to ensure safety production system. At the same time, the construction enterprises can also follow the specific constructiondevelopment situation, formulate a set of safety technical measures linked to reward and punishment system, to strictly abide by the department or individual production safety, strictsecurity checks to reward, and if there are penalties for violations of the phenomenon. At the same time should have a goodproduction safety supervision work, and sent to the specialized production safety supervision work. When there is potential safety hazard factors in project development, should be timely analysis and inspection and make treatment immediately, so thatthe safety management to implement, implement the specificsystem, ensure the feasibility of production safety. The range ofcivil engineering projects involved in the construction processmore widely, because the factors which affect the engineering safety more. But in the construction process, the occurrence of safety accidents is often unexpected, with occasional andunexpected strong. These come unexpectedly accidents, serious damage often caused casualties and , strengthen the safety production and environment management in civil engineering construction process,environment is an important factor influencing the construction safety. So in order to guarantee safety in production, enterprises should be to strengthen the management of construction site. As in the construction site, the unnecessary equipment and surplus materials, should be timely treatment. In the pile construction materials in order to keep the construction site, the patency of the road accident, ensure to timely rescue, this is to protect the safety measures to realize. And construction enterprises shouldstrictly abide by the rules and regulations, which occurred on theconstruction site of the waste, garbage bag, cement, waste materials and other items should be clear, it can keep the siteclean, to create a civilized construction environment for safe construction. Create a safe production environment construction enterprises, should also be reflected in the risk disposal of equipment. For some such as the construction of electricity,dangerous equipment, cloth rod is used, should by the competent department of enterprise safety approval approval,the approval before they can be put into use after. And in the process of construction of civil engineering, a comprehensive analysis of the conditions of construction project. Some of the effects of environmental factors of the quality of construction, totake timely measures, and to conduct a comprehensivespecification, so that can realize the safe construction quality engineering to create good conditions.

土木工程专业英语论文

The urban river embankment discuss the ecological constructionAnonymous XXXXXXXXAbstract: the urban river embankment construction as the object, discuss the current social background, analyses and compares the river embankment design of traditional methods and characteristics of ecological methods, and puts forward three modes of ecological design and their advantages and disadvantages, and expounds the present situation of the ecological construction in domestic bank and future : the bank; Ecology; Design way; Domestic situationText:A, backgroundRiver Banks part is the amphibious interlaced transition belt, has the remarkable edge effect. Here are active substances, nutrient and energy flow, offer a habitat for a variety of creatures. Natural state Banks often species richness, productivity traditional embankment design often single ?一、背景河流的堤岸部分是水陆交错的过渡地带,具有显著的边缘效应。这里有活跃的物质、养分和能量的流动,为多种生物提供了栖息地。自然状态下的堤岸往往物种丰富、生产力高。传统的堤岸设计往往会单纯从防洪角度出发,采用土堤或者土石混合堆砌起来高高的堤岸。它的优点在于高度的可靠性,结构设计后加起防护堤岸抗流水冲刷能力显著增强。对于洪水暴发频繁、侵蚀严重的区段,这样的设计无可厚非,而对于一般河流堤岸的修建,这样的设计则显得缺乏环境的美化和绿化,同时也破坏许多对生态起重要作用的自然因素,如破坏植被与河床间的联系,造成冲刷侵蚀转移等。另外,河流作为城市风貌不可多得的珍惜资源,也是城市风貌的特色要素,它的景观塑造显得十分必要。同时,堤岸景观建设必然使滨河地区土地价值提升,滨水开发的高投资回报的特点更增强了对城市堤岸景观建设的需求。二、需求——堤岸的生态化建设河流堤岸作为城市中最邻近河流的区域,是城市与河流的衔接线,它的景观规划是提高城市生活品质的需要,也是丰富城市景观的需要。生态化建设,它的根本思路是运用自然本身抗干扰和自我修复的能力来处理人与自然的关系。生态设计方法不同于传统用人工的结构和形式来取代自然的方法,而是用自然的结构和形式来顺应自然的进程。将河岸与河道在生态上联系起来,也就实现了物质、养分、能量的交流:对于生物,它提供了合适的栖息地;植物根系可固着土壤,枝叶可截留雨水,过滤地表迳流,抵抗流水冲刷,从而起到保护堤岸、增加堤岸结构的稳定性、净化水质、涵养水源的作用,而且随着时间的推移,这些作用被不断加强。同时,生态化建设以自然的外貌出现,容易与环境取得协调,造价也较低,不需要长期的维护管理。三、河流堤岸生态化设计方式河流堤岸生态化设计,要遵守生态设计的原则,注重地方性、保护与节约自然资本、让自然做功、显露自然,主要体现在对地域气候环境、河流地质地貌、水文变化的适应,对河流生态环境的考虑,对堤岸地形的处理和对筑堤材料的选择和构造方式方面。1) 人工类:传统方法是采用块石或混凝土块砖等堆砌。可在此基础上加以改进以适应河流景观设计的需求。a) 块石或混凝土块砖干砌,不用砂浆。这样在砌块之间就留有空隙,为后期滨河植物的生长提供了空间。随着时间的推移,堤岸会逐渐呈现出自然的风貌。b) 堤岸采用台阶式分级,台阶面上的空间加以利用,种植植物。当然这两种改进方法对于河岸处现有植被仍存在一定的不良影响,人工痕迹也过于明显。2) 自然类:充分利用堤岸植被原型,可直接将适用于滨河地带生长的植被种植于堤岸上,利用植物的根、茎、叶来稳固堤岸,防止侵蚀、控制沉积的同时也为生物提供了栖息地。3) 人工自然相结合综合了以上两种方法的优点,具有人工结构的稳定性和自然的外貌,见效快、生态效益好,以下为常见的两种类型:a) 种植植物的堆石将由大小不同的石块组成的堆石置于与水接触的土壤表面,再把活体切枝插入石堆中使斜坡更加稳定。根系可提高强度,植被可遮盖石块,使堤岸外貌更加自然。b) 与植物结合使用的插孔式混凝土块将预制的混凝土块以连锁的形式置于岸底的浅渠中,再将植物切枝或植株扦插于混凝土块之间和堤岸上部,其上覆土压实,再播种草本植物。堤岸生态化建设也存在一定的局限性。如:选用的材料及建造方法不同,堤岸的防护能力相差很大,需要运用多学科知识认真分析,这就为设计人员提出了更大的挑战;建造初期若受到强烈干扰,则会影响到以后防护作用的发挥等。这也就对河流堤岸的生态化设计提出了更高的要求。四、国内现状1)省会城市在我国省会城市及计划单列市中有近80%进行了堤岸景观规划。(参考文献[3])城 市 项目名称 城 市 项目名称北 京 长河城市水系统综合治理 南 宁 堤岸园工程长 沙 湘江风光带 宁 波 滨江大道沿江景观工程成 都 府南河绿化工程 上 海 外滩、陆家嘴滨江大道福 州 闵江江滨公园 沈 阳 浑河观光旅游带广 州 珠江二沙段堤岸景观、芳村长堤建设 太 原 汾河公园贵 阳 南明河景观绿化工程 天 津 海河堤岸改造工程哈尔滨 松花江南岸沿江风景长廊 武 汉 汉口江滩一二期工程昆 明 盘龙江中段滨水生态景观建设 西 安 灞河大水大绿工程兰 州 黄河风情线 重 庆 南滨路滨江旅游观光大道从规划后建成情况看,这些城市河流堤岸景观项目都得到了当地政府与市民的肯定。在这些项目中,堤岸既可成为当地最具吸引力的城市公园,如太原的汾河公园和福州的江滨公园;堤岸也可成为市民日常休闲活动的热点地段,如南宁的堤路园和武汉的汉口江滩工程;堤岸还可成为城市最具特色的地段,如重庆的南滨路滨江旅游观光大道;堤岸更可成为城市旅游的热点,如上海的外滩和陆家嘴滨江大道。总之,经过景观规划的堤岸已成为当地最具特色的地区。从建设效果看,相对堤岸的原来面貌而言,统计资料中的这些景观工程都是较成功的,都成为当地城市关注的热点,成为当地政府的政绩工程,成为当地的民心工程。城市河流堤岸通过景观规划,有效地改善了滨河地段的环境,并带动滨河地段的开发。但必须清醒地认识到,这些城市堤岸景观项目规划并非尽善尽美,也存在这样或那样的问题,仍有待完善。2)中小城市城市经济实力的强大决定了其城市建设水平的高标准和高水平。中小城市河流堤岸景观与统计资料中的城市存在较大的差距,存在更多的问题。特别是由于资金问题,堤岸景观是,纯人工,状态的钢筋混凝土防洪堤,或保持自然防洪状态的土石堤,没有经过景观规划,易造成城市资源的极大浪费。五、前景目前,河流景观建设,特别是城市河流景观建设,在中国正方兴未艾;在发达国家中也是一个久盛不衰的话题。 回顾发达国家河流景观建设的历史,自20世纪70年代以来,随着人们环境意识的普遍增强,重视河流景观的生态功能已成为一个时代的呼唤,河流景观建设的生态设计方法也已得到了空前的重视和发展。他山之石可以攻玉,借鉴发达国家已经形成的成熟的理念和做法,可以使我们少走弯路,搭上隆隆前进的生态建设之车。

building types and designA building is closely bound up with people,for it provides with the necessary space to work and live in .As classified by their use ,buildings are mainly of two types :industrial buildings and civil buildings .industrial buildings are used by various factories or industrial production while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling ,employment ,education and other social activities .Industrial buildings are factory buildings that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds ,in such fields as the mining industry ,the metallurgical industry ,machine building ,the chemical industry and the textile industry . factory buildings can be classified into two types single-story ones and multi-story ones .the construction of industrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings .however ,industrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used .Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings .residential buildings should suit family life .each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms : a living room ,a kitchen and a toilet .public buildings can be used in politics ,cultural activities ,administration work and other services ,such as schools, office buildings, parks ,hospitals ,shops ,stations ,theatres ,gymnasiums ,hotels ,exhibition halls ,bath pools ,and so on .all of them have different functions ,which in turn require different design types as well. Housing is the living quarters for human beings .the basic function of housing is to provide shelter from the elements ,but people today require much more that of their housing .a family moving into a new neighborhood will to know if the available housing meets its standards of safety ,health ,and comfort .a family will also ask how near the housing is to grain shops ,food markets ,schools ,stores ,the library ,a movie theater ,and the community center .In the mid-1960’s a most important value in housing was sufficient space both inside and out .a majority of families preferred single-family homes on about half an acre of land ,which would provide space for spare-time activities .in highly industrialized countries ,many families preferred to live as far out as possible from the center of a metropolitan area ,even if the wage earners had to travel some distance to their work .quite a large number of families preferred country housing to suburban housing because their chief aim was to get far away from noise ,crowding ,and confusion .the accessibility of public transportation had ceased to be a decisive factor in housing because most workers drove their cars to work .people we’re chiefly interested in the arrangement and size of rooms and the number of bedrooms .Before any of the building can begin ,plans have to be drawn to show what the building will be like ,the exact place in which it is to go and how everything is to be important point in building design is the layout of rooms ,which should provide the greatest possible convenience in relation to the purposes for which they are intended .in a dwelling house ,the layout may be considered under three categories : “day”, “night” ,and “services” .attention must be paid to the provision of easy communication between these areas .the “day “rooms generally include a dining-room ,sitting-room and kitchen ,but other rooms ,such as a study ,may be added ,and there may be a hall .the living-room ,which is generally the largest ,often serves as a dining-room ,too ,or the kitchen may have a dining alcove .the “night “rooms consist of the bedrooms .the “services “comprise the kitchen ,bathrooms ,larder ,and water-closets .the kitchen and larder connect the services with the day rooms .It is also essential to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms ,and those most in use should preferably face south as possible .it is ,however ,often very difficult to meet the optimum requirements ,both on account of the surroundings and the location of the roads .in resolving these complex problems ,it is also necessary to follow the local town-planning regulations which are concerned with public amenities ,density of population ,height of buildings ,proportion of green space to dwellings ,building lines ,the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighbourhood ,and so on .There is little standardization in industrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations .the modern trend is towards light ,airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a “shed ”type ridge roof ,incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting without sun-glare .翻译:建筑类型和设计建筑物与人们有着紧密的联系,他为人们提供必要的空间,用以工作和生活。根据适用类型不同,建筑物可以分为两类:工业建筑和民用建筑。工业建筑包括各个工厂或工业生产所使用建筑,民用建筑是指那些人们用以居住,就业,教育和其他社会活动的建筑场所。工业建筑的厂房可用于采矿业,冶金工业,机械制造,化学工业和纺织工业等各类领域的加工和制造。厂房可分为两种类型:单层的和多层的。工业建筑也属于建筑的一种。但是,工业建筑与民用建筑所用的材料和建筑方式不同。民用建筑按使用可分为两大类:住宅建筑和公共建筑。住宅建筑要适应家庭生活。每个单位应包括至少三个必要客房:起居室,厨房和厕所。公共建筑可在政治,文化活动,管理工作和其他服务,如学校,写字楼,公园,医院,商店,车站,剧院,体育馆,宾馆,展览馆,洗浴池,等等。他们都有着不同的职能,这反过来又需要不同的设计类型。房屋是用以住人的. 其基本功能是提供住房的内容,但今天人们需要更多的住房内容。一个家庭在进入一个新的社区后将知道,现有住房不仅要符合其安全,健康和舒适等标准。还要考虑其附近是否有相应的配套设施,如食品市场,学校,商店,图书馆,电影院,以及社区中心等。在60年代中期住房最重要的价值是足够大的空间和方便的出入交通。大多数家庭会首选约半英亩面积土地的家庭住宅,这样将提供足够的空间的用以业余活动。在高度工业化的国家,许多家庭的首选是那种尽可能远离市中心商业圈的住房,即使距离上班地点不得不有一段距离。相当多的家庭首选是郊区的住房,因为他们的主要目的是要远离噪音,拥挤和混乱。拥有方便的公共交通使得距离不再是一个决定性因素,因为大多数人都是开着自己的汽车去上班了。人们现在主要感兴趣的是户型,房间的大小和卧室的数目。在工程项目开始之前,要做好建筑设计和施工流程,让人提前知道该建筑建成后是什么样子以及下一步应该做什么。在建筑设计中要特别重视房间的布局,其目的是提供最大的便利与可能的用途。在一个住宅建筑设计中,布局可考虑以下三个方面: “白天” , “夜晚”和“服务”。必须注意这些空间区域之间的连通交流。 “白天”房一般包括餐厅,起居室和厨房,但其他房间可能会增加,如书房,并有可能成为一个大厅。起居室通常是最大的,往往是一个餐厅,也或可能有厨房、凹室等。 “夜间”房间包括卧室、客房。“服务”用房间包括厨房,浴室,储藏室 ,和厕所等。厨房和储藏室需设置在一起,以方便其房间功能的使用。此外,还必须考虑各种客房的朝向问题,当然最好尽可能的将那些经常使用的房间朝南设置。然而,在考虑到周围的环境和地点、道路等多方面因素,往往很难达到最佳要求。在解决这些复杂的问题,还必须按照当地城市规划条例所涉及的对公共设施,人口密度,建筑物高度,绿化面积,建筑红线等的要求,还要考虑到有相邻建筑的情况,等等。尽管工业建筑需要符合当地城市规划条例但很少有标准化的工业楼宇。现代厂房建筑的趋势是轻质、通风。一般的钢筋混凝土结构或钢结构的工厂,可以得到一个“跌”型脊屋顶,把窗户开向北以便使分布均匀的自然采光不会直射进来造成刺眼。

土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ,直译是民用工程,它是建造各种工程的统称。它既指建设的对象,即建造在地上,地下,水中的工程设施,也指应用的材料设备和进行的勘测,设计施工,保养,维修等专业技术。土木工程随着人类社会的进步而发展,至今已经演变成为大型综合性的学科,它已经出许多分支,如:建筑工程,铁路工程,道路工程,桥梁工程,特种工程结构,给水排水工程,港口工程,水利工程,环境工程等学科。土木工程共有六个专业:建筑学,城市规划,土木工程,建筑环境与设备工程,给水排水工程和道路桥梁工程。土木工程作为一个重要的基础学科,有其重要的属性:综合性,社会性,实践性,统一性。土木工程为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供了重要的物质技术基础,对众多产业的振兴发挥了促进作用,工程建设是形成固定资产的基本生产过程,因此,建筑业和房地产成为许多国家和地区的经济支柱之一。.古代的土木工程有很长的时间跨度,大致从公元前500年新石器时代出现原始的土木工程活动到16世纪末意大利的文艺复兴,导致土木工程走上迅速发展的道路为止,前后经历了两千多年。在这段时间内,由于科学理论发展及其缓慢,土木工程也没有突破习惯的发展。从17世纪中页开始到20 世纪40年代第二次世界大战结束为止的300年间,国外的建筑取得了长足的进步。土木工程进入了定量分析阶段。一些理论的发展,新材料的出现,新工具的发明,都使土木工程科学日渐完善和成熟。到了近代,二战结束之后,许多国家经济起飞,现代科学日益进步,从而为进一步发展提供了强大的动力和物质基础。人们生活水平的不断提高,必然要求越来越舒适的居住环境,在这种情况下,建筑的发展直接推动了土木工程的发展。总的来说土木工程是一门古老的学科,它已经取得了巨大的成就,未来的土木工程将在人们的生活中占据更重要的地位。地球环境的日益恶化,人口的不断增加,人们为了争取生存,为了争取更舒适的生存环境,必将更加重视土木工程。在不久的将来,一些重大项目将会陆续兴建,插入云霄的摩天大楼,横跨大样的桥梁,更加方便的交通将不是梦想。科技的发展,以及地球不断恶化的环境必将促使土木工程向太空和海洋发展,为人类提供更广阔的生存空间。近年来,工程材料主要是钢筋,混凝土,木材和砖材,在未来,传统材料将得到改观,一些全新的更加适合建筑的材料将问世,尤其是化学合成材料将推动建筑走向更高点。同时,设计方法的精确化,设计工作的自动化,信息和智能话技术的全面引入,将会是人们有一个更加舒适的居住环境。一句话,理论的发展,新材料的出现,计算机的应用,高新技术的引入等都将使土木工程有一个新的飞跃.English is the Civil Engineering Civil Engineering, civil engineering is literally, it is the construction of the project collectively. It means building objects that the construction on the ground, underground, water works facilities, equipment and materials to use in surveying, design construction, maintenance, repair and other professional skills. Civil Engineering with the progress of the human society, has been transformed into large integrated disciplines, it has a number of branches, such as : construction, rail projects, road projects, bridge projects, special project structure, water drainage works, the port project, water, environmental engineering disciplines. A total of six professional Civil Engineering : architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, construction and environmental engineering equipment, water drainage works and road bridge Engineering as an important foundation subjects, its important attribute : an integrated, social, practicality, uniformity. Civil Engineering for the development of the national economy and improve the living standards of the people provided important material and technological foundation for the revitalization of many industries played a catalytic role in the construction of fixed assets is a basic production process, the construction and real estate in many countries and regions become a pillar of the economyAncient Civil Engineering has a long time span, roughly 500 years before Christ from the original date in civil engineering activities to the 16 century Italian Renaissance, resulting in the rapid development of the Civil Engineering on the road today, and has experienced more than 2,000 years. During this period, due to the development of scientific theories and slow, there is no breakthrough in civil engineering from 17 pages to 40 years in the 20th century end of the Second World War 300 years, foreign construction made great strides. Civil Engineering has entered a phase of quantitative analysis. Some theoretical development, the emergence of new materials, new tools of invention, the Civil Engineering Science is perfection and maturity. In modern times, after the end of World War II, many countries economic takeoff, the increasing advances of modern science, so as to provide a powerful impetus to further development and material basis. People's living conditions continue to improve, more and more comfortable living environment for the inevitable in the circumstances, the construction of development directly to the Civil Engineering development.

金木水火土。

土木工程毕业论文英文

The design of the subject 12 for the University of the South Campus student apartment building # construction organization design, the apartment building is located in Xi'an Yangling District, six-storey brick-concrete structure, construction area of about 5000m2, the architectural design of the total , high levels of per m, seismic intensity of 7 degrees, the structure of life for 50 main work is divided into four parts: the project in terms of the design construction, construction site, floor plan design, preparation of construction schedule. Calculated in accordance with engineering drawings, construction pipeline construction program options, taking into account engineering and construction programs, the combination of the overall construction period and part of each project with the number and the number of days the progress of plans to draw Bar chart integrated Factors to consider the venue, transport factors, manpower and equipment with the case of a more reasonable choice of programs to map out the construction site layout : construction organization design; construction schedule; construction site layout plan; pipeline constructionAdd:

土木工程毕业论文中英

我毕业设计的时候翻译过英文论文,不过只有3000字,不知道行不行,如果需要给我发信息。

有一篇施工监控的论文,你查收一下吧,希望对你有用!

Research on the construction safety management of Civil EngineeringIn recent years, the construction accident in civil engineering in our country often occur. This not only caused casualties, also caused great loss of national property, and resulting in a very bad social influence. Therefore, in our country, the construction units in the civil engineering construction projects, shouldstrengthen the construction safety management, all aspects ofsecurity control for engineering, to prevent dangerous accidentsin the end it all. The cause of the civil engineering constructionaccidents are in many aspects. In order to enhance security,should be combined with the characteristics of construction projects and the enterprise's internal and external conditions, the rational allocation of production factors, optimization of management process. In order to realize the construction safetymanagement, construction units should establish a safety management system of a project, it should be carried out from the following aspects:A construction safety consciousness, cultivate the modern safety science theory, occurrence of unsafe human behavior causedcasualties. To implement safety management, it should becombined with psychology, behavioral science to strengthen the education and training of employees in production safety,improve the consciousness of safe production, so as to guide the safety production behavior of employees. For the construction enterprises should strengthen safety awareness and educationproject personnel, developing the regular safety education to the construction personnel involved in the project, and to carry outsecurity work. Three level education to the new participate in the work of the operating personnel; often transform types of employees, should be safety training for new types of work, makeoperation personnel matters needing attention can be familiar with the safe operation of the. In order to make safe productionconsciousness win support among the people, enterprisemanagement personnel but also in engineering project, using a variety of promotional tools to start a variety of education,cultivate the construction personnel safety consciousness. Andin the management of enterprises, the production safety systemthought to. Leaders at all levels and enterprises in issuing the project production task, should also carry out safety productionmeasures. Such as the production safety requirements to the construction personnel, so conducive to safe thought into the production of management, let each employee has consciously in the psychological sense of , the establishment of management system for safety in production in addition to strengthen production safety education and awareness of construction project staff, should alsoestablish a safety management system, protect the system from the construction enterprise safety in production of. In order toavoid the frequent occurrence of sudden accident, the construction enterprise should according to the project, to develop a comprehensive, the system of safety management,and invest the necessary manpower and funds to ensure the implementation of the project. Ensure the production safetyconstruction from the system implementation, the project section of construction enterprises should establish the safety inspectionsystem, and regularly to the project construction of the security check. Make a clear record of project construction process,record the dangerous post, and regularly check the work. Self evaluation and construction team every week to organize asafety activities, the project department to make regular safetyevaluation for project production. Construction enterprises in theconstruction of civil engineering, in order to establish a safety management system, need to make corresponding technical measures for safety management system, a comprehensivescientific standard for , the safety work of construction enterprise project technical measures should be prior to commencement of for engineering and technical measures should be strict examination and approval, the approval before implementation. If the design changes during construction, corresponding safety technical measures should be coordinated with the adjustment,will follow. The safety technical measures enacted personnel andparticipation, should fully understand the project as the construction scheme, construction environment, the actualoperation has, and combined with relevant laws and regulations or the security policy to establish safety technical measures,which can ensure the safety measures. In civil engineering construction of large, corresponding safety technical measuresshould be formulated more comprehensive and more specific,must be carried out through the whole process of construction,and mainly covers to other engineering safety. To establish the system of safety management, construction enterprises should also be strict safety before the construction of the project, technical personnel should to the technical measures for the construction personnelwork. Such as technical personnel issue written materials relatedto the construction personnel, and the implementation of safety technical measures of construction workers to regularly check;when technicians found construction personnel in violation oftechnical measure behavior, to give timely corrected. When theconstruction personnel technical mistakes when amended and supplemented immediately. In order to ensure the safety ofconstruction enterprises to implement, should take theseinspection of production safety measures the formation of rules and regulations, require employees to strictly abide by, so to ensure safety production system. At the same time, the construction enterprises can also follow the specific constructiondevelopment situation, formulate a set of safety technical measures linked to reward and punishment system, to strictly abide by the department or individual production safety, strictsecurity checks to reward, and if there are penalties for violations of the phenomenon. At the same time should have a goodproduction safety supervision work, and sent to the specialized production safety supervision work. When there is potential safety hazard factors in project development, should be timely analysis and inspection and make treatment immediately, so thatthe safety management to implement, implement the specificsystem, ensure the feasibility of production safety. The range ofcivil engineering projects involved in the construction processmore widely, because the factors which affect the engineering safety more. But in the construction process, the occurrence of safety accidents is often unexpected, with occasional andunexpected strong. These come unexpectedly accidents, serious damage often caused casualties and , strengthen the safety production and environment management in civil engineering construction process,environment is an important factor influencing the construction safety. So in order to guarantee safety in production, enterprises should be to strengthen the management of construction site. As in the construction site, the unnecessary equipment and surplus materials, should be timely treatment. In the pile construction materials in order to keep the construction site, the patency of the road accident, ensure to timely rescue, this is to protect the safety measures to realize. And construction enterprises shouldstrictly abide by the rules and regulations, which occurred on theconstruction site of the waste, garbage bag, cement, waste materials and other items should be clear, it can keep the siteclean, to create a civilized construction environment for safe construction. Create a safe production environment construction enterprises, should also be reflected in the risk disposal of equipment. For some such as the construction of electricity,dangerous equipment, cloth rod is used, should by the competent department of enterprise safety approval approval,the approval before they can be put into use after. And in the process of construction of civil engineering, a comprehensive analysis of the conditions of construction project. Some of the effects of environmental factors of the quality of construction, totake timely measures, and to conduct a comprehensivespecification, so that can realize the safe construction quality engineering to create good conditions.

The urban river embankment discuss the ecological constructionAnonymous XXXXXXXXAbstract: the urban river embankment construction as the object, discuss the current social background, analyses and compares the river embankment design of traditional methods and characteristics of ecological methods, and puts forward three modes of ecological design and their advantages and disadvantages, and expounds the present situation of the ecological construction in domestic bank and future : the bank; Ecology; Design way; Domestic situationText:A, backgroundRiver Banks part is the amphibious interlaced transition belt, has the remarkable edge effect. Here are active substances, nutrient and energy flow, offer a habitat for a variety of creatures. Natural state Banks often species richness, productivity traditional embankment design often single ?一、背景河流的堤岸部分是水陆交错的过渡地带,具有显著的边缘效应。这里有活跃的物质、养分和能量的流动,为多种生物提供了栖息地。自然状态下的堤岸往往物种丰富、生产力高。传统的堤岸设计往往会单纯从防洪角度出发,采用土堤或者土石混合堆砌起来高高的堤岸。它的优点在于高度的可靠性,结构设计后加起防护堤岸抗流水冲刷能力显著增强。对于洪水暴发频繁、侵蚀严重的区段,这样的设计无可厚非,而对于一般河流堤岸的修建,这样的设计则显得缺乏环境的美化和绿化,同时也破坏许多对生态起重要作用的自然因素,如破坏植被与河床间的联系,造成冲刷侵蚀转移等。另外,河流作为城市风貌不可多得的珍惜资源,也是城市风貌的特色要素,它的景观塑造显得十分必要。同时,堤岸景观建设必然使滨河地区土地价值提升,滨水开发的高投资回报的特点更增强了对城市堤岸景观建设的需求。二、需求——堤岸的生态化建设河流堤岸作为城市中最邻近河流的区域,是城市与河流的衔接线,它的景观规划是提高城市生活品质的需要,也是丰富城市景观的需要。生态化建设,它的根本思路是运用自然本身抗干扰和自我修复的能力来处理人与自然的关系。生态设计方法不同于传统用人工的结构和形式来取代自然的方法,而是用自然的结构和形式来顺应自然的进程。将河岸与河道在生态上联系起来,也就实现了物质、养分、能量的交流:对于生物,它提供了合适的栖息地;植物根系可固着土壤,枝叶可截留雨水,过滤地表迳流,抵抗流水冲刷,从而起到保护堤岸、增加堤岸结构的稳定性、净化水质、涵养水源的作用,而且随着时间的推移,这些作用被不断加强。同时,生态化建设以自然的外貌出现,容易与环境取得协调,造价也较低,不需要长期的维护管理。三、河流堤岸生态化设计方式河流堤岸生态化设计,要遵守生态设计的原则,注重地方性、保护与节约自然资本、让自然做功、显露自然,主要体现在对地域气候环境、河流地质地貌、水文变化的适应,对河流生态环境的考虑,对堤岸地形的处理和对筑堤材料的选择和构造方式方面。1) 人工类:传统方法是采用块石或混凝土块砖等堆砌。可在此基础上加以改进以适应河流景观设计的需求。a) 块石或混凝土块砖干砌,不用砂浆。这样在砌块之间就留有空隙,为后期滨河植物的生长提供了空间。随着时间的推移,堤岸会逐渐呈现出自然的风貌。b) 堤岸采用台阶式分级,台阶面上的空间加以利用,种植植物。当然这两种改进方法对于河岸处现有植被仍存在一定的不良影响,人工痕迹也过于明显。2) 自然类:充分利用堤岸植被原型,可直接将适用于滨河地带生长的植被种植于堤岸上,利用植物的根、茎、叶来稳固堤岸,防止侵蚀、控制沉积的同时也为生物提供了栖息地。3) 人工自然相结合综合了以上两种方法的优点,具有人工结构的稳定性和自然的外貌,见效快、生态效益好,以下为常见的两种类型:a) 种植植物的堆石将由大小不同的石块组成的堆石置于与水接触的土壤表面,再把活体切枝插入石堆中使斜坡更加稳定。根系可提高强度,植被可遮盖石块,使堤岸外貌更加自然。b) 与植物结合使用的插孔式混凝土块将预制的混凝土块以连锁的形式置于岸底的浅渠中,再将植物切枝或植株扦插于混凝土块之间和堤岸上部,其上覆土压实,再播种草本植物。堤岸生态化建设也存在一定的局限性。如:选用的材料及建造方法不同,堤岸的防护能力相差很大,需要运用多学科知识认真分析,这就为设计人员提出了更大的挑战;建造初期若受到强烈干扰,则会影响到以后防护作用的发挥等。这也就对河流堤岸的生态化设计提出了更高的要求。四、国内现状1)省会城市在我国省会城市及计划单列市中有近80%进行了堤岸景观规划。(参考文献[3])城 市 项目名称 城 市 项目名称北 京 长河城市水系统综合治理 南 宁 堤岸园工程长 沙 湘江风光带 宁 波 滨江大道沿江景观工程成 都 府南河绿化工程 上 海 外滩、陆家嘴滨江大道福 州 闵江江滨公园 沈 阳 浑河观光旅游带广 州 珠江二沙段堤岸景观、芳村长堤建设 太 原 汾河公园贵 阳 南明河景观绿化工程 天 津 海河堤岸改造工程哈尔滨 松花江南岸沿江风景长廊 武 汉 汉口江滩一二期工程昆 明 盘龙江中段滨水生态景观建设 西 安 灞河大水大绿工程兰 州 黄河风情线 重 庆 南滨路滨江旅游观光大道从规划后建成情况看,这些城市河流堤岸景观项目都得到了当地政府与市民的肯定。在这些项目中,堤岸既可成为当地最具吸引力的城市公园,如太原的汾河公园和福州的江滨公园;堤岸也可成为市民日常休闲活动的热点地段,如南宁的堤路园和武汉的汉口江滩工程;堤岸还可成为城市最具特色的地段,如重庆的南滨路滨江旅游观光大道;堤岸更可成为城市旅游的热点,如上海的外滩和陆家嘴滨江大道。总之,经过景观规划的堤岸已成为当地最具特色的地区。从建设效果看,相对堤岸的原来面貌而言,统计资料中的这些景观工程都是较成功的,都成为当地城市关注的热点,成为当地政府的政绩工程,成为当地的民心工程。城市河流堤岸通过景观规划,有效地改善了滨河地段的环境,并带动滨河地段的开发。但必须清醒地认识到,这些城市堤岸景观项目规划并非尽善尽美,也存在这样或那样的问题,仍有待完善。2)中小城市城市经济实力的强大决定了其城市建设水平的高标准和高水平。中小城市河流堤岸景观与统计资料中的城市存在较大的差距,存在更多的问题。特别是由于资金问题,堤岸景观是,纯人工,状态的钢筋混凝土防洪堤,或保持自然防洪状态的土石堤,没有经过景观规划,易造成城市资源的极大浪费。五、前景目前,河流景观建设,特别是城市河流景观建设,在中国正方兴未艾;在发达国家中也是一个久盛不衰的话题。 回顾发达国家河流景观建设的历史,自20世纪70年代以来,随着人们环境意识的普遍增强,重视河流景观的生态功能已成为一个时代的呼唤,河流景观建设的生态设计方法也已得到了空前的重视和发展。他山之石可以攻玉,借鉴发达国家已经形成的成熟的理念和做法,可以使我们少走弯路,搭上隆隆前进的生态建设之车。

土木专业毕业论文工程类

随着国民经济的快速发展,土木工程对整个经济发展和建筑行业有着至关重要的作用.下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于土木工程本科的毕业论文范文的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!

浅论土木工程建筑结构设计

摘要:土木工程结构设计是一个全面的建筑体系设计工作,需要通过扎实的理论基础,之后加入灵活的创新思维,以严谨认真的工作态度完成整个设计过程。土木工程设计过程中要保证设计的合理性、安全性。根据平时工作中的设计、建设经验来完成整个设计过程。我国目前的土木工程建筑结构设计在设计策略和设计安全性考量上还存在着一定的问题。本文根据现阶段存在的问题提出具有针对性的意见,使土木工程设计在合理性和安全性上更好的适应我国现代化发展的需求。

关键词:土木工程;结构设计;安全性

1土木工程结构设计概述

土木工程的结构设计在设计过程上大致可以划分为三个阶段,即结构方案阶段、结构测算阶段、施工图设计阶段。在结构方案阶段中,主要是根据要施工的地区的地质勘测报告设计相应的工程公安,包括抗震防裂程度、工程高度、工程结构形式等等。当工程设计方案相对确认下来狗,就根据方案的具体要求进行下一步的布置和测算工作。在结构测算过程中,主要是对工程负载的情况进行计算。包括外部负载和内部负载的计算。负载的计算主要根据负载的要求确定相应工程配件的使用,根据组合值系数和标准值系数的测定来确定施工参数,构造施工措施要求。对于内力的测算,来完成构件截面参数的确定。内力的测算要根据构件截面、负载值确定。这包括弯矩、剪力、扭矩等等。

最后,根据构建的计算、要根据之前确定的内力计算的要求,保证测算构件是否达到了相关要求。这时也可针对需求对构件截面参数加以调整。在施工图设计阶段,就是根据前两步的结构方案设计阶段、结构测算阶段,进行施工图的设计。在此过程中要将设计者的要求和设计意图通过图纸表达出来,施工图是施工的依据,施工图中要包括建设项目各部分工程的详图以及零件使用、、结构部件明细表、验收标准方法等。民用的工程施工图应具备设计图纸、包括图纸目录必要的设备、材料表、工程预算书。施工图设计文件,应满足设备材料采购,非标准设备制作和施工的需要。

2土木工程结构设计中存在的问题

土木工程结构设计中存在的问题主要集中在两个方面、一方面是专业角度的问题、另一方面是安全角度的问题,下面将分别从这两个方面进行阐述。从专业角度来说在土木工程设计中,箱、筏基础底板挑板的设计过程、梁、板的跨度计算、摩擦角区域的处理、抗震缝距离的设计、基础板厚度的确定都需要进行测算考量。

对于箱、筏基础底板挑板的设计,首先要假设出挑板可以将边跨底板钢筋进行调整,出挑板后,能降低基底附加应力,当基础形式处在天然地基和其他人工地基的坎上时,加挑板就可能采用天然地基。从土木工程建设角度来说,如果取消挑板,能够方便柔性防水的处理,在建设多层建筑时,结构设计中可兼顾到下层建筑。梁、板的跨度计算中,梁、板的跨度计算计算跨度,又叫计算长度,应当根据计算时要求、构件的组成形式、支承端约束刚度、支承反力等因素综合考虑,摩擦角区域的处理,内摩擦角,是土的抗剪强度指标,是工程设计的重要参数。

基层开挖时,会应用到摩擦角区域处理的问题,如果魔草叫区域中边基地的土会受到影响较小,不会反弹。但中心部位,基土反弹情况较为明显,回弹部分需要人工进行清除。抗震缝距离的设计中,主要通过增加抗震缝的距离来对地震时产生的结构碰撞的风险降低。基础板厚度的确定要根据房间设计的不同大小来选定相应的基础板厚度。如果基础板的厚度都按照大房间的标准进行设计、势必会造成浪费。如果都按照小房间的标准进行设计则会造成安全问题。所以实际的应用中,通常是在大房间中垫聚苯,小房间设定基础板的厚度。

从安全角度来说,目前土木工程设计中存在的问题有:(1)工程设计规范的安全水平比较低,与国际同类作业相比,由于没有设定规范的视屏问题,会造成工程施工的进行难度的加大,最终导致了施工质量较低;(2)工程设计规范的整体牢固性差;(3)土建结构工程的耐久安全性差、正确使用与维护意识相对较差。

3加强土木工程建设的建议和对策

从具体而言可以从两方面进行考虑:从设计的安全性上,应从管理首要保证设计的安全性,尽量选择资质等级较高、管理先进、实力雄厚的设计单位进行设计、这样就可以掌握先进的设计方法和设计理念,设计设备也会较好、设计人员的素质和专业能力强、设计经验丰富,设计出的建筑安全性较高。再设计时也要加强理论学习,使设计人员和施工人员对于设计理论和设计标准能够很好的掌握。对于设计过程中,涉及到工程造价、工程量的统计、计算、所以在此类工程量计算过程中,要严谨、认真,对于每一笔数据都要认真核对。设计图纸要详细,以便施工者能够根据设计图纸准确掌握设计意图,从而进行施工,这样能够降低因图纸问题造成的施工不明确的现象,避免了事故的产生。

在施工过程中,要注意过程监管,设计单位与施工单位要保持联系,对于设计图纸中不明确的问题,要进行及时的沟通和设计核对,以便发现错误。设计人员对于施工人员提出的建议,要给予足够的重视。从土木工程行业标准角度来说,要根据全面性因素来对土木工程结构设计的方案进行评估。因为土木工程的方案是工程实施的基础,对设计方案的评估要满足安全性、经济型合理性。等等。可通过对设计方案屏蔽、论证的方法,提高设计的水平。设计过程中,不一味的追求标准图,虽然采用标准图能够减轻工作量,加快设计进度,但为了保证设计的安全性,设计人员应该认真的对设计方案进行审核,对于可能存在压缩费用的过程进行仔细的成本核算,在保证基础、满足行业标准的前提下,保证设计的合理性、高效性、创新性。

4总结

本文首先对土木工程设计的基本情况进行了概要阐述,根据工程设计的几个阶段展示了土木工程的工作范围和工作要求。之后提出了现阶段我国土木工程设计中还存在的问题,从具体设计过程和安全性两个角度提出了相关的问题。最后在此基础上,根据存在的具体问题对土木工程的建设提出了建议和相应的对策。本文的研究对我国土木工程结构设计的发展提供了一种新的思路。

参考文献:

[1]高宇.我国土建结构工程的安全性与耐久性分析[J].吉林大学学报,2005.

[2]张林.土建结构工程的安全性与耐久性[J].高新技术,2006.

[3]侯力更主编.砌体结构设计[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.

[4]张吉人.土木工程结构设计施工质量控制[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.

[5]沈蒲生.楼盖结构设计原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.

>>>下页带来更多的土木工程本科的毕业论文范文

我国社会经济不断快速发展,特别是近些年来,土木工程的建设发展十分迅速。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于土木工程大学本科毕业论文的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!

浅析土木工程施工中混凝土技术的运用

摘要:混凝土技术是目前国内、外建筑领域工程项目施工建设过程中常用的一种技术手段,同时也是建筑行业快速发展的技术保障。实践中可以看到,混凝土是确保土木工程项目整体施工质量的重要影响因素,混凝土技术水平在很大程度上关系着整个工程项目施工建设质量和应用安全可靠性。因此,在当前的形势下,加强对混凝土技术及其在土木施工过程中的应用问题研究,具有非常重大的现实意义。本文将对土木工程施工建设过程中用到的几种混凝土技术进行分析,并在此基础上提出一些建设性建议,以供参考。

关键词:土木工程施工建设混凝土技术

1土木施工中的混凝土浇筑技术

土木工程项目施工建设过程中,对混凝土质量有标准和要求,土木工程施工建设中用到的混凝土,其强度一般在C20至C40之间,该范围内的土木工程项目施工建设用料(混凝土)选择过程中,还应当根据建筑构造要求、性能等,对混凝土进行合理的配筋作业;比如,针对土木工程项目中的大体积混凝土浇筑比例方法,对钢筋数量适当增加,而且钢筋可承受混凝土浇筑时中的温度应力,可以有效对混凝土裂缝等病害进行控制。土木工程项目施工建设过程中,尤其是混凝土浇筑前,应当对混凝土温度、产生的温度应力等进行全面预算,并且合理确定土木工程施工过程中的温度指标、混凝土温度变化情况。

在此基础上,还要制定温度变化管控措施,并且对土木工程项目施工建设过程中的各种混凝土裂缝病害问题进行预防,以此来确保土木工程项目整体施工质量。土木工程施工过程中,混凝土浇筑施工是一项比较难操作的的工程,主要是因为混凝土的成分是水、砂石,并且还有加入适量的外加剂。在混凝土施工过程在,通常因上述组成材料的比例控制不好,而容易出现施工质量问题。比如,因混凝土灌水量不足,而形成收缩性裂缝,该种情况容易发生在混凝土施工时地基受到限制的情况下。在具体的土木工程施工建设过程中,因内部拉应力比混凝土抗拉强度大,所以可能会产生内部裂缝病害。之所以会出现拉应力超标现象,主要原因在于水分、温度等参数不合理。

比如,温度性病害,主要是因为热胀冷缩,混凝土膨胀、收缩过程中,形成挤压应力、拉伸应力,进而导致混凝土结构内部产生裂缝。基于以上分析可知,混凝土施工过程中,应当把握好混凝土浇筑技术,具体分析如下:第一,全面分层技术。在土木工程施工过程中,混凝土结构施工时常用分层技术进行浇筑,首层浇筑后、初凝前,对第二层进行浇筑,然后以此类推,逐层进行浇筑施工操作,直到最终完成施工任务。同时,利用该技术手段,可以有效确保施工质量,而且建筑结构平面一定要避免过大,施工时从短边依次向长边进行施工操作。第二,分段分层技术。土木工程施工过程中,采用分层技术手段进行浇筑,其强度一般都非常的大,若现场施工机械难以有效满足施工质量要求,则建议采用分段分层技术进行浇筑施工作业。具体操作过程中,应当从底层开始,完成一段距离后,再对第二层进行浇筑,如此往复至浇筑完毕为止。第三,斜面分层技术。土木工程施工过程中,该技术适用于结构相对较长,超过厚度本身大约3倍的工况,将混凝土一次性浇筑到顶,混凝土可形成自然斜面坡1∶3,振捣时应当确保从浇筑层最底端开始施工,然后逐层上移。

2土木施工中的混凝土振捣技术

土木工程施工过程中,振捣是一个非常重要的环节,混凝土自吊斗口下落过程中,自由降落的有效高度应当控制在2米范围之内。实践中,若浇筑高度在3米以上,则需采取有效的保护措施,比如利用溜管、入串桶等。混凝土浇筑过程中,应当本着分段分层、不间断的原则进行施工作业,根据建筑结构的特点、钢筋材料的疏密程度等,合理确定浇筑层的有效高度。通常情况下,浇筑层有效高度为振捣器作用范围的倍时,最大高度也不能超过50厘米。实际振捣施工过程中,若所选用的是插入式振捣器设备,则应当保持快插、慢播。其中,插点的排列一定要均匀,而且依点移动,严格按照设计要求和顺序进行施工作业,不可出现遗漏,确保振实均匀性。在振捣过程中,对移动间距也提出了更高的要求,比如移动间距不能超过振捣半径的倍,一般在30至40厘米之间。在上层振捣过程中,建议插入下层大约5厘米位置,以此来有效避免两层间产生接缝问题。在布设表面振动器移动间距时,每一次移动间距均需确保底板完全覆盖已振捣的区域边缘,在结构衔接位置的混凝土可达到标准密实度要求。

3土木工程施工中的箍筋施工技术

土木工程混凝土施工过程中,各个梁柱节点位置的箍筋施工非常重要,箍筋施工时,钢筋分布比较密集,操作人员需高空作业,尤其是纵横交错处,箍筋绑扎操作难度比较大。在此过程中,若采用的是整体沉梁施工方式,则节点位置的下部箍筋绑扎难度非常的大,甚至会导致梁柱节点位置无法准确放置柱箍筋,产生安全隐患。在具体施工过程中,建议采用两个开口箍筋拼台方式,即在节点位置采用开口箍筋施工技术手段,通过规范箍筋封闭、箍筋末端弯钩构造,可确保箍筋对混凝土核心的有效约束作用。

然而,分层下箍施工方法的实际应用难度非常的大,建议拆除节点处的模板,只有这样才能保证节点箍筋间距、绑扎安全可靠性。梁板模板施工安装完毕后,方可对梁板钢筋进行安装,进而对整体沉梁进行施工作业。从施工效果来看,该种施工方法,钢筋堆放、运输以及绑扎,整体施工非常的安全,交叉工序也比较多。在施工过程中,应当避免支模与绑钢筋不发生冲突,施工效率高。在此过程中,针对节点箍筋少放、难以确保箍筋间距等问题,笔者建议采用以下技术措施进行处理。首先,下料施工时,每个节点位置均应当适当增加纵向短筋;其次,柱节点位置箍筋焊接过程中,在纵向短筋上构建骨架;同时,还要将整体骨架套入柱纵筋,并且将其布设在楼板模板面之上,用穿粱钢筋对其进行牢固绑扎。

4土木工程施工中的混凝土养护技术

混凝土施工技术在国内建筑行业发展过程中的应用非常的广泛,实际操作过程中多采用的是泵送混凝土施工模式。采用泵送混凝土施工技术,可有效缩短施工工期,改善混凝土性能。在土木工程项目施工建设过程中,应当做好原材料购置、配比以及振捣等环节的质量管控,以免混凝土强度不达标。土木工程施工中的混凝土养护过程中,主要的养护技术手段包括以下几个方面的内容。第一,墙板混凝土完成浇筑振捣以后,需带模养护7天以上。拆模以后,挂上两层麻袋将其严密的覆盖好,继续对其进行保温。在此过程中,需洒水养护到两周的时间;第二,顶板混凝土浇捣施工完成、终凝以后,6小时内不能浇水,以免出现起灰、起皮等问题;8至12小时内,用薄膜可将其严密覆盖,而且面层加盖两层麻袋进行保温和养护,确保7天内混凝土足够的湿润。3~4天以后,确认混凝土核心温度高峰期过去,再正常洒水养护至14d(满足UEA防水混凝土养护要求)。

5结语

土木工程施工过程中的混凝土施工技术应用非常的广泛,而且涉及到诸多方面的影响因素,因此实践中应当加强重视和技术创新,只有这样才能确保我国建筑行业的可持续发展。

参考文献:

[1]杨毅,马士良,王涛,等.混凝土温升抑制抗裂技术在镇江西津湾地下停车场工程中的应用[J].混凝土,2015(8):143-145.

[2]张永存,李青宁.薄壁混凝土渡槽结构施工过程中的温度应力分析[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2015(10).

[3]胡伟华,彭刚,黄仕超,等.基于声发射技术的混凝土动态损伤特性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2015(02):123-127.

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