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专八论文模板

发布时间:2024-07-04 16:52:17

专八论文模板

留个邮箱或者什么 ,我有专八作文详细的资料,word版的可以发给你

你肯定买过彩票吧!有的人中了1元,有的人中了5元,有的人甚至还中了5万元。

而你看我1分钱都没中过,告诉你事情是这样的:有一天,我去理发,在回来的路上我看到一家彩票店,我灵机一动,心想:要是直接和爸爸说我要买彩票,他肯定不会同意,要不对他采取“拍马屁”,试一试吧!于是我就开始了“拍马屁”。

哈!爸爸同意了,我们一起走进了彩票店,在彩票店里,我看见了“福利彩票之双色球”。

我奇怪地问:“老爸,福利彩票是什么?”爸爸耐心地解释道:“福利彩票是通过我们把买彩票的钱,集中起来后大部分再捐给那些需要帮助的人,是一种公益活动。

”开始选号了,爸爸告诉我,红色球有1到33号,必须挑选出6个号码,蓝色球1号到16号,必须选出1个号码。

爸爸刚说完,我就开始选号了,最终挑选的红色号码是3号、8号、15号、23号、27号、33号,蓝色号码是7号。

虽然我很肯定地认为我能中大奖,但最终还是什么也没中;虽然我没中,但我因帮助了需要帮助的人而开心。

多买一些彩票吧!为需要帮助的人添一份爱心、献一份力!

就字数时间比来看,专八作文难度介于雅思和托福之间;就写作体裁来看,迄今为止,历年真题考的都是议论文;就出题形式来看,都是给出背景和题目的写作;就写作内容来看,考到的基本上都是考生比较熟悉的关于大学生的话题或社会常见话题。

而且文章结构一律规定为三部分:introduction, body 和conclusion. 从这些方面看,专八写作对于学习英语专业达到三年或四年的学生来说并不是特别难的事。

但每年仍有为数不少的考生失利,令人惋惜。

笔者认为,要考好专八作文,应从以下几个方面入手。

首先,必须对以上提到的对作文部分的要求做到充分了解,按照要求写作。

有些同学由于轻视,只根据考试前自己看到的一些其他考试的英语写作模版(如大学英语六级或研究生入学考试英语写作模版)来对付八级,结果与考试要求的文章结构和字数不符,造成严重失分。

其次,必须在考前的一段时间做严格的限时应试练习,以保证在考场上时间比较紧张的情况下发挥出自己真正的水平。

通过练习,主要是提高自己两个方面的素质:一是进行逻辑思维的素质。

与大学英语四、六级、考研以及专业四级考试不同,专八写作要求的字数更多,更体现思维的深度和广度,因此必须通过练习来促使自己提高逻辑思维的速度和质量。

我固然会在课堂上教给大家一些常见的思维方法,如分类法、反证法、举例法、因果法等等,但更具体的素材需要大家平时去积累。

其实如果没有考试,大家是会比较懒惰的,懒于去梳理自己的思维,形成比较成熟的观点。

我们在这里且不多提考试的好处,关键的是我们可以以备考为契机,通过练习来提高思考的速度,并且更重要的是养成一种勤于思考、广泛涉猎的习惯,去关心家事、国事、天下事。

这样考试的时候才会有话可说,字数才会够。

另外一个是应用英语语言的素质。

有些同学不愁没话说,思维也很有广度和深度,但英语语言还是存在问题。

这里面有一部分同学是重视不够,忽视了语法问题,出现了不少诸如单复数、冠词、词性等语法错误,甚至还有标点符号错误。

而更多的同学是由于缺乏写作练习,在用词和造句方面做得不够好。

作为代表我国英语技能教育最高水平的考试,专八肯定会比国内其他英语考试更加重视语言的质量。

其实也很简单,就是用词和造句的准确性和多样性。

这里的用词准确既包括词义准确,也包括搭配准确,还包括词语的感 *** 彩和正式程度的准确;造句的多样是指多种英语句式的灵活运用。

这要求同学们平时一定要多做辨析词义、熟记搭配的工作,并且模仿优秀的文章进行写作。

除此之外,大家还可以通过多读优秀范文来提高写作水平,除了看一些专八的真题范文外,还可以看看TOFEL,GRE 或IELTS的范文。

另外,也可以经常阅读一些英语报刊,关注一些时事的英文表达。

通过这些准备,相信大家会在专八考试中凯旋!

What kind of happiness is it? Anyone would say that happiness is a wonderful feeling in mood. It's true. Who doesn't need to be happy? I need it all. What is that happiness for me?Happiness is the constant is the game that is not is a loud is the singing of all is the endless is the score of 100 you ever thought about this? This is the joy we want, an indescribable feeling. At this age of ours, we are constantly playing and going crazy in nature. This is the quickest way to get happiness. When you were young, you could make some friends without knowing anything. You played and played together, and of course you were happy and all like to play, because it can be fun to play, we are free to understand in the nature, maybe, in the eyes of father and mother, we go out to play is a plaything, but they do not know what we did on earth? We only think that we make some bad things and only judge from the surface. Therefore, we have unwittingly blocked our chances of believe everyone likes sweet taste. Sad, it must be sour, relative, that happiness must be sweet. Sometimes, of course, when you are in a bad mood, eat a candy (preferably not chocolate), and feel better. If it is not possible to find a place where nobody is able to vent (notice that there must be no one, otherwise someone else will think you have a problem), calling out all the grievances in your heart, it must be very thing is the most important thing. That is achievement. What we are most concerned about now is the score. If it is not good, you will not be happy. The teacher looked for you, the parents looked for you, and asked that. But as long as you get good grades, grades are satisfied, happy, teachers happy, parents happy, then why not?Work hard, happiness es naturally; happiness can happen anytime.

五段式一段开头。

引入话题,提出自己的观点或者回答作文的问题,把自己的观点清楚分条的列出来。

二,三,四段,自己想好支撑整个TOPIC的分论点,每段写一个,三段,一段一百字吧,差不多哈。

可以引用名人名言,这个可以自己编造啊。

A PRO. FROM MIT说过。

等等,对比,列数字,类比,。

五段,总结二三四段,就是说把你的观点PARAPHRASE 一遍。

然后在总结或者提出希望什么的。

然后就是各句各段之间的衔接,用衔接词啊。

要会选词。

这个可以看范文,记一些词语,。

范文里面衔接自然的。

看起来很流畅的可以记一记。

恩。

差不多了。

当然不要写偏题了。

下来还是多练习练习吧PS。

话说你们没买专八作文指导类型的书么。

里面很清楚嘛...

您好,有如下一些句子:用于解释原因、分析影响: 1. Everybody knows that... 2. It can be easily proved that... 3. It is true that... 4. No one can deny that... 5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is... 6. The chief reason is that... 7. We must recognize that... 8. There is no doubt that... 9. I am of the opinion that... 10. This can be expressed as follows: 11. To take.., for an example .... 12. We have reason to believe that... 13. Now that we know that... 14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned... 15. The change in... largely results from the fact that... 16. There are several causes for this significant growth in..., first .... second..., finally... 希望可以帮到您~~

您好,有如下一些句子:用于解释原因、分析影响:1. Everybody knows that... 2. It can be easily proved that... 3. It is true that...4. No one can deny that...5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is...6. The chief reason is that... 7. We must recognize that... 8. There is no doubt that... 9. I am of the opinion that...10. This can be expressed as follows: 11. To take.., for an example .... 12. We have reason to believe that... 13. Now that we know that...14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned...15. The change in... largely results from the fact that...16. There are several causes for this significant growth in..., first .... second..., finally...希望可以帮到您~~...

When I was a little girl, I always wanted to go to college. Now I am a freshman of a key university. I have asked myself the same question so many times:Why I go to college? You may say: you go to college just because you want to have a good job after graduation. Well, why I e to college is not for one single reason, but for many. 当我还是个小女孩的时候,我就一直想要读大学。

现在,我已经是一名重点大学的新生了。

我曾经问过我自己同样的问题很多遍:为什么我要上大学?你也许会说:你读大学只是为了找一份好工作。

我读大学只是为了不仅仅是因为这个原因,还有其他原因。

The major reason is that I need to further my education and know more about the outside world. In high school, I was always feeling not enough to get knowledge from the textbooks and I didn't have enough time to travel to see the outside world. But in the college, I have abundant time to read the books I'm interested in and travel to different places to broaden my horizon. 读大学的主要原因是我需要继续深造并更多的了解外面的世界。

在高中,我总是感觉是学习课本上的知识远远不够,而且我也没有很多的时候去旅游。

但是在大学,我拥有足够多的时间去阅读我自己喜欢的书,去不同的地方旅游以此开阔我的眼界。

...

转载请注明出处作文大全网 » 历年专八作文范文

Some people are committed to their dreams and work hard to achieve their goals. What is guiding them is akind of people think that illusion is good for success while others argue that it is not sogood because it may get people far as I am concerned, illusion is necessary in our life only if it is encouraging and realistic.

There are several of all,there is power in illusion. The illusion can lead people to thepath they want to go on and it gives us passion. We need to live each moment wholeheartedly,with all our senses so that we can find pleasure in the fragrance of backyard garden, the crayoned picture of a six-year-old,and the enchanting beauty of a illusion can be enthusiastic love of life that puts sparkle in our eyes,a lilt in our steps and smoothes the wrinkles from our souls.

Secondly,we are born with wide-eyed,enthusiastic wonder as anyone knows who has ever seen an infant’s delight at the jingle of keys or the scurrying of a is this childlike wonder and illusion that gives enthusiastic people such a youthful air,no matter how old they are. For example,the famous cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing the music flowed through his fingers,his stooped shouldrs would straighten and joy would reappear in his ,for him,was an elixir that made life a never-ending author and poet Samuel Ullman once wrote,“Years wrinkle the skin,but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.”

Lastly, people with illusions also love what they do,regardless of money or power or we cannot do what we love as a full-time career,we can as do a part-time vocation,like the head of state who paints,the nun who runs marathons and the executive who handcrafts cannot afford to waste tears and energy and time on “might-have-beens”.We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after “what-can-be”.

To sum up,God gives each bird its food,but he does not throw it into its you want to go,just cherish your precious illusion and let your dream be realized.

In this competitive society,people cannot avoid the stress from the bustle and hustle of modern pressure is the motivation for our progress,while too much stress will have harmful effects on our health and cannot avoid it,so we must learn deal to with it properly.

In the first place,it is important to have a correct understanding about are now in a world where the fittest will survive,and it’s better to ensure survival than being to individuals, the social environment will not have to realize both the positive and negative aspects of is like a double-edged sword,which may be used by us,or may hurt key point is whether you hold the blade or the handle. We can take it as a motive force for us to make progress,makefull use of it and avoid being hurt by it.

In the second place,people have to adjust their own mood and should say to ourselves thatI like challenges and I am strong,but never think I am a loser or I cannot stand that any positive hint will change your attitude,and then affect the result of your it is also of great importance to cherish what you have common weak point of the human being is that he longs forwhat he cannot get,but does not value and protect what he has at the people are thinking about how to own more,such as social status,power,honor and so on.

At last the more they want,the more pressure they they can give something up,they will feel ,some practical measures can help us to handle stress in our a plan on the career, increasing the competitiveness and learning to control your time will do much help to reduce the is advisable to separate work from hard when you are at work and have a good rest when you are other words,there must be a boundary.

To sum up,the stress in our life is inevitable,and we must learn to handle it effectively. We must have a right understanding about it,try our best to adjust our own mentality and use practical ways to reduce it.

Some people like to eat out at food stands and restaurants, while others like to prepare food at home. Often it depends on the kind of lifestyle people have. Those with very busy jobs outside the house don’t always have time to cook. They like the convenience of eating out. Overall, though, it is cheaper and healthier to eat at home.

While eating in restaurants is fast, the money you spend can add up. When I have dinner at restaurant with a friend, the bill is usually over twenty dollars. I can buy a lot of groceries with that much money. Even lunch at a fast-food stand usually costs five or six dollars for one person. That’s enough to feed the whole family at home.

Eating at home is better for you, too. Meals at restaurants are often high in fat and calories, and they serve big plates of food--much more food than you need to eat at one meal. If you cook food at home, you have more control over the ingredients. You can use margarine instead of butter on your potatoes, or not put so much cheese on top of your pizza. At home, you can control your portion size. You can serve yourself as little as you want. In a restaurant, you may eat a full plate of food "because you paid for it".

It’s true that eating out is convenient. You don’t have to shop, or cook, or clean up. But real home cooking doesn’t have to take a lot of time. There are lots of simple meals that don’t take long to make. In fact, they’re faster than eating out, especially if you think of the time you spend driving to a restaurant, parking, waiting for a table, waiting for service, and driving home.

Both eating at restaurants and cooking at home can be satisfying. Both can taste good and be enjoyed with family and friends. I prefer cooking at home because of the money and health issues, but people will make the choice that fits their lifestyle best.

Many people visit museums when they travel to new places. Why do you think people visit museums? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

As a student having received many years of education, I’m both nicely surprised and gratified by the term“class rights”. This educational concept challenges the traditional education rules, and can be considered as a revolution in classroom teaching. And my favor goes to the abandoning of previous rigid disciplines.

First of all, class rights actually cater to natural physiological needs and basic legal rights of learners. Students’ drinking water and going to bathroom during class used to be denied due to class disciplines previously adopted. And this practice is against human rights, according to western educators. It can be regarded as an improvement that we have taken care of these basic human needs. Schools and teachers used to stress students’ obligations to observe school regulations, but tend to ignore their class rights. Students, though young in age, are inalienable part of human, it was unreasonable for them to have obligations but no rights.

Secondly, the classroom is not only a place for knowledge transfer, but also a place of humanity education. As independent individuals, children should be respected in class. Only when their status as human individuals is valued, can they grow up healthily in a sound educational environment. The caring for class rights implies the principle of equality, democracy and mutual respect, thus encouraging the students’ thinking and stimulating their creativity. Therefore, old-fashioned school discipline can no longer keep up with current situation. Respecting students’ class rights means not only permitting them to drink water or go to bathroom during class, but also encourage them to think, to speak out, to practice what is learned, to communicate and to give them enough opportunities to express themselves. They can question what teachers teach, make their options in doing teachers’ assignment, or refuse to answer teachers’ questions in class. In this way, they can fully enjoy their school experience.

Whether the class rights are scientific or not, the move itself is valuable and significant. If these class rights can be translated into legislation and become legal principle, then students’ rights would be well protected. The education circle should not only recognize these class rights, but also put them into actual practice.

Traffic congestions are a headache in many cities across the country as a result of rapid increase of private cars. Therefore, some people suggest that a limit be put on the number of private cars. Do you agree or disagree with such a proposal? Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic:

In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Should We Put a Limit on Private Cars?

Is it helpful to build an honest and clean government by a fund for incorruptible civil servants? Such an issue has aroused controversy among the public. Proponents believe the innovative move will help to fight against corruption and build a clean government. Opponents say that being clean is an official’s obligation and duty and there is therefore no need to reward them with additional funds. Personally, I’d like to express my disapproval on this question.

First of all, to establish an accumulation fund for clean officials is in fact a challenge to social justice. Public servants should work diligently in an honest and clean way and abide by laws and regulations when performing their duties. That is the basic requirement for them. Any official who fails in this sense does not deserve the position of a public servant. Extra pay for clean public servants will naturally damage the image of public servants in the eyes of ordinary people. In addition, it will play a negative role in their professional work ethics. When public servants are rewarded for what they should do, what about clean doctors, teachers, lawyers, policemen? Obviously such a policy is not well-grounded.

Secondly, the most unfair part about the reserve fund is that it infringes upon the interests of taxpayers who contribute to public servants’ salary in the first place. It’s God’s truth that officials should work for the taxpayers’ interests. But to sustain such a fund system, a large number of workers and farmers will have to pay more for what public servants are supposed to do. As for the reserve fund, only when the amount of the award comes to a tempting figure can it restrain corruption to a certain degree. However, it is impossible to raise such an enormous fund only from their welfare fund. So, the fund is actually a disguised form of reward to public servants through taking advantage of fiscal revenue.

Relatively speaking, public servants are well paid for their service, so it is not rational to raise such a fund of reward. What we can do is to strengthen supervision mechanisms, so as to effectively track down and punish corrupted officials and let them pay higher costs for their behavior. In addition, to fundamentally minimizing the corruption phenomenon in the government, we should take effective measures to put a limit on their power in an attempt to provide fewer opportunities to abuse power.

Owing to economic development and improvement in living standards of common people, more and more private cars are on road. Some believe private cars have brought convenience and mobility to the owners while others argue that private automobiles deserve a limit on the increasing number. As far as I see it, we should not put a limit on private cars.

First of all, the private car is a symbol of freedom and wealth. The private car has given us a freedom and convenience our ancestors could not dream of. We can travel to relatively remote places that it is hard to reach on foot or public transport rarely goes to. A car enables an individual or a family to travel at any time they wish. With a car there is no need to wait for the bus in the bitterly cold or under the scorching sun. Furthermore a car can serve as a symbol of one’s wealth, which makes him or her proud of his or her accomplishments and glorious past.

Secondly, a car can make our work more efficient and life more convenient. Nowadays many Chinese can enjoy the comfort and luxury of owning a private car. Having a car of one’s own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains; no more waste of time for waiting at the bus stop or train station. With a car one does not have to worry about the possible danger their child suffers when they are elbowing their way through the crowd, instead they can drop off the children at school on the way to work. In the case of illness, the car takes its owner or other sick person to hospital without any delay.

Last but not least, lifting bans on private cars will stimulate the automobile industry, which provides jobs for a large team of workers. Known as a sunrise industry, Chinese automobile industry needs strong and continuous fueling from domestic demand. If more people buy cars, the industry will embrace continued growth, thus contributing more to the national economy. Moreover, its growth will trigger the boom of related industries like iron and steel production and energy.

In conclusion, the advantages of private cars convince us that we should not put a limit on the number of private cars. What we should do at the moment is to perfect the transport infrastructure to ensure private cars to go faster and more safely.

一、引出各方观点

There exists a philosophy that...

人们有这么一种想法……

While many advocate..., I believe it’s a better idea to...

虽然很多人提倡……,但我相信……是更好的主意。

A debate is therefore inevitably touched off.

一场辩论于是一触即发。

二、引用名人名言

As... rightly/aptly put it,“...”

正如……恰当的说法一样:“……”

There is a satirical saying in China which goes like this, ...

中国有这么一句充满讽刺的俗话:……

As... eloquently pronounced, ...

正如……有力地指出,……

三、指出现象或争议话题

Recently, ... have caused much controversy.

最近,……引发了广泛的争议。

It is now a common practice to...

现在……是个很普遍的做法。

With the increasing concerns about..., people are calling for...

随着人们日益关注……问题,人们疾呼……

英语学习方法

第一:自信的说英语。

英语是一门语言,最重要的事说出口,很多同学学习英语的时候不敢说出来,怕人家笑话,虽然学的很好,却成了“哑巴英语”。要想学好英语,那就勇敢自信的说英语,慢慢的锻炼中,英语语感有了,英语自然就学好了。

第二:经常的听英语。

英语听力刚开始的时候确实是很痛苦的,听不懂,也做不对,就像放弃。其实只要坚持下去,在听的时候集中注意力,认真听,坚持一段时间就会收到很好的效果。

第三:慢慢的写英语。

现在大部分的报纸,杂志都是英语版,工作中用英语写邮件也是家常便饭。那么要想学好英语还需要写英语。所有的英语就由26个字母组成,写英语的时候要慢,不要写成汉语式英语。特别是练习写作的时候,要慢慢的写,把每一个单词拼写正确,争取每一句语法都不会出现错误,慢工出细活。

1. Recently, sth. / the problem of... has been brought to popular attention / has become the focus of public concern.

近来,某事/某问题引起了人们的普遍关注/成了公众关注的焦点。

专八议论文写作模板

英语专八作文模板及句型一According to the two pictures presented, it can be observed that. In the left picture,…… . A the same time, as the right one shows. Different people have different views on…… .Some people support by claiming that…… . In their opinion,…… . In addition,…… . Meanwhile, there are some people, especially young men, who…… . Their reasons are quite different, sometimes for…… , sometimes for…… , sometimes simply for…… .In my point of view, both sides are partly right. To thoroughly analyze this problem, we should take into consideration of all relevant aspects, so as to make the right decision. Therefore, my conclusion would be that…… .2021英语专八作文模板及句型二Peoples ideas about donating blood vary from person to people think that it is glorious to donate blood. They hold this opinion because those who are in urgent need of blood can be ,others hold that it is foolish for people to donate their opinion,blood is very precious and losing 200ml or more may do harm to their to me, I am in favor of the first following are the reasons for my , while it is true that the loss of too much blood is dangerous to ones health,it does not mean that donating a little blood is also the contrary,doctors say that donating a little blood can promote ,there are many people who need our help. If my little donation of blood can pull back somebody on the way to death,will there be anything that can make me happier?In a word, donating blood is 英语专八作文模板及句型三Just as is depicted in the picture. It is not difficult to find that in today’s society, more and more people begin to …… . It is rather good news to …… .The picture reminds us that in China, due to ,…… . Moreover, there are …… .In addition, we should not forget …….……is a good way to express human love. To some extent, it also reflects individuals sense of social responsibility. It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is. Therefore, I strongly advocate that…… . I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of…… .2021英语专八作文模板及句型四模版一:[1] “_______"This biblical reference has been ____Similarly, ____Therefore, I think it is universally acknowledged that “_____ ”.首段根据名言明确提出自身的见解。[2]First of all_____,Some people might claim that ____. The logical fallacy of this thought is _____. There are times______ . According to scientific research______, . Besides,______ also testifies to the fact that______ . These two studies all assure us that______ .第二段批驳错误观点,进而论述自身的见解。[3]What is more_______, . A mildly humorous story goes like this_______. .This story mocks and in its implicit way tells us that _______. This was especially true _______. There is no doubt that_______ .第三段进一步论述自身的见解。[4]To conclude_______, in at least two senses:_______ . Whilst there is nothing wrong to_______ , we could be better off to_______ .末尾段开展小结。模版二:[1]Recently, ._______ This has stirred much controversy. Some people believe that_______ . As far as I am concerned, _______.首段明确提出状况,强调大家的观点,并表述自身的见解。[2]To start with, _______. Under such circumstance, it should be understood that_______ . It is hence natural that_______ . Viewed in pragmatic lens, ._______第二段明确提出论据,支撑点自身的见解。[3]Secondly, _______. A story goes in _______. From this story we can see that _______. And more and more people will be willing to with the incentive of _______.第三段用例证进一步阐述自身的见解。[4]As a conclusion_______, strikes a balance between_______ and_______ . It does not only , but also_______ .末尾段重申观点,映衬开始段。

专八作文模板及句型有:

Modern technology has innovated the way teaching and learning can be in people’s life. Online teaching system or platforms is a recent phenomenon and consequently it is controversial.

In spite of the fact that both universities and students have embraced this new style of teaching and learning, there are still worries and concerns.

Considering both sides, it is clear that online teaching system or platforms can help students achieve higher learning effectiveness despite its drawbacks.

College students now enjoy greater benefits. Firstly, thanks to modern technology, learning online gives students access to a wider range of courses.

With Internet access, a wide variety of courses, some of which are published by elite professors of top universities, have become accessible to students from all over the world.

The online platform provides a far wider range of courses than that you would find in any school or college. Secondly, the flexibility and mobility given by the online teaching system makes students learn at any time anywhere in their convenience.

They have great freedom of choice when they learn online. Thus, it reduces the amount of time they spend on commutes.

On the other hand, online teaching and learning is much demanding and requires students’ full commitment and independence.

Admittedly, for those who are not self-disciplined and motivated, it is likely that they will end up with struggling with unsatisfactory results.

Meanwhile, although online interaction with professors and partners is very convenient, it still cannot replace classroom’s simultaneous face-to-face communication.

Thus, universities should work out methods to prevent the above mentioned problems that are likely to arise.

In conclusion, with the greatest technological boom in education, online learning or MOOCS, is an irreversible trend. So, the question really is not “Which one?” but rather, “How can we combine both?”

The answer is that each performs its own functions. Undoubtedly, this revolutionary practice in education will continuously have more far-reaching consequences and will dramatically reshape the nature of higher education.

英语专八作文模板可以帮助考生们根据不同类型的话题套入形成提纲,在此专八频道整理了英语专八作文模板供考生们参考。

The picture shows…… . symbolizes…… . As is quoted in the picture,…… .

It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China— in contrast with…… . One the one hand, the problem partially attributes to…… . Sometimes…… . On the other hand,…… . For example,…… ,while…… .

In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in the education system with measures that can show immediate effect. proves to be most beneficial to students. Further, a large-scale reform in the macroeconomic level to is the basic solution of this issue.

1. 观点选择式A or B模式1:

Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of

view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.

The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________.就理由进行解释 instance,____________________

Another reason can be seen by every one is that____________________________.就理由进行解释___________________For example,____________________

The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________

Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as________________.

In a word, , it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A.

2. 观点选择式A or B模式2:

将 原题复述___________________________________________When faced with the decision of A of B, quite a few would deem that______________________, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence -A/-B, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.

The main reason for my propensity for A/B is that___________________.

The second reason can be seen by every person that________.

In addition, these reasons are also usable when we consider that_________.

There are some disadvantages in____(另一种观点的`缺点).Such as__________.

In a word, ____________(_重复观点句并缩写理由) into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that___________.

3. 观点选择式A or B

Some people prefer to A. others believe B. When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would claim that______________, but others, in contrast , deem A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. There are numerous reasons why___________, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here.

The main reason why I agree with the above statement, however, is that_____________________.

Take___________as example, ______________.

There is another factor that deserves some words here. Such as _______________.

Similarly, these reasons are also usable when we consider that______________.(exmaples:___________).

From the above you might got idea that I agree______________.(repeat the above three reason____________).So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to _______________.

4. 观点选择式A or B

In my point of view, A is as important as, if not more important than B. So it is sagacious to choose A. Among count less factors which influence A. there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.

The above point is certainly true if A is considered. For exmaple,___________________

Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that A is better than B. For instance,_______________

It would probably not be too kindly disposed to the idea that B is not important . B_________________.

In a word, to choose A or B is something of a dilemma to the public because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of B, and neglect hte genuinely good aspects of A. For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that A, but not B

5. 观点选择式A or B

When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would claim that A, but others, in contrast, deem B as the premier choice and that is also my point. This quite different view is based on the propensity of following points.

We may look into every possible reason, however, fore most reason for B is ____________________. For example, ______. Also, ________________________.

This is arbitray to judge B according only to the excuse I mentioned in the above paragraph.

Similarly, these reasons are also usable when we consider that________________.

Admittedly, __________________A也有好的地方 the same token, however, ______________B更好 into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that_____________.

6. 观点选择式A or B

When it comes to______________, Nevertheless, in my part, I prefer A rather than B as my inclination. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.

I agree with the statement that _________without reservation since___________.

can be given a concrete example__________.

A more essential factor why I advocate the argument of __________is that. Obviously the case of a thing that____________.

Futhermore, what is worth noticing fact is that ________________. This demonstrates the undeniable fact that__________________.

Of course, choosing B also has advantages to some extent,_______________此处论述B的1-2优点 if all these factors are contemplated, the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B.

From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that_____________.

7. 观点选择式A or B

____________ 改写并复述题目 advantages of B carry more weight than those of A. There are numerous reasons why __________, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here.

One of the primary cause is that_______________________.

What is also worth noticing fact is that_____________________.

Futhermore, ________________________.

Although I agree that there may be couple of disadvantages fell that the advantages are more obvious_________________, Given the factors I have just outlined, I can only say that___________________.

There exists a philosophy that...人们有这么一种想法……While many advocate..., I believe it’s a better idea to...虽然很多人提倡……,但我相信……是更好的主意。A debate is therefore inevitably touched off.一场辩论于是一触即发。Recently, ... have caused much controversy.最近,……引发了广泛的争议。It is now a common practice to...现在……是个很普遍的做法。注意英语作文想写好作文,必须具备扎实的基本功,作文的基本功主要体现在词、句、段三个方面。单词方面,积累单词,扩大词汇量,弄清词的确切用法及相似词的用法区别,以及很多固定短语、习语的用法,要准确地表达想要表达的意思。句子方面,注意一些常用的句式,平时看到比较好用的句式要记下来,多模仿,还要在写文章时注意长短句的结合。段落方面,注意整篇文章的整体布局,要从整体上把握每段的中心思想,避免偏题、走题。提高写作水平不是一朝一夕所能完成的,最重要的是养成好的学习习惯,平时注意多积累,勤动笔、多思考,潜移默化中写作水平便会不断提高。

七八千字的论文模板

写作小论文有助于提高我们的学术水平,小论文的格式有哪些要求呢?下面是由我整理的1000字小论文格式 范文 模板,欢迎大家阅读。

摘要: 随着企业规模的不断扩大,各部门所需信息既相互交错,又相对独立。这就要求各部门所用的数据库既能高度自治地 工作,又能进行信息共享。本文主要介绍多DM3数据库系统间的信息共享机制。 不同DM3数据库系统间的信息共享通过协调器实现。所有这些被协调器连接在一起的数据库系统组成了一个联邦数据库。这样既能较好地满足企业的需要,也能在保证效率的前提下,提高数据的可用性。

关键词: DBMS 复制 联邦数据库

1.引言

随着经济的发展,企业的规模越来越大,其积累的信息也越来越多。存在着各部门所处理的信息多数只对本部门有效,仅有少数信息需给 其它 某些部门共享的问题。这种信息的分布性和独立性要求对所处理的数据进行分类,使各部门既能独立地处理本部门大多数数据,也使部门间能协调处理跨部门的事务。在这种情况下,对整个企业建立一个完全的紧密耦合的分布式数据库是很困难的,也是没必要的,特别是大型企业,这样的数据库的效率往往是很低的。

为解决这个问题,我们采用以下策略:每个部门使用一套紧密耦合的数据库系统,而在存在跨部门事务处理的数据库系统间用一个协调器联起来。这样就组成了一个横跨整个企业,各部门高度自治的联邦数据库系统。

DM2是由华中理工大学数据库多媒体技术研究所研制的数据库管理系统。它采用客户/服务器模型,客户机与服务器,服务器与服务器均通过网络互连,通过消息相互通讯,组成一个紧密耦合的分布式数据库系统。它的工作流程如下:客户机登录到一台服务器上,这台服务器便成为它的代理服务器;它接收来自客户机的消息,然后根据全局数据字典决定是自己独立完成该操作,还是与其它服务器协作处理这条消息,处理完成之后,再由代理服务器将处理结果返回给客户机。

而数据字典,作为记录数据库所有元数据的系统表,它向以上过程中提供各类有用的信息,引导它们向正确的方向运行,起着“指南针”的作用。它分为局部数据字典和全局数据字典。其中,局部数据字典用于记录一个服务器站点中数据库的控制信息,如表的模式,视图的模式及各个数据区的的文件名等信息。全局数据字典用于记录分布式数据库系统中各个服务器站点上有关全局数据的控制信息,如服务器站点信息,各服务器站点的全局表名及表内码记录,各服务器站点上的全局数据视图名及视图内码记录,用户名及口令记录,用户权限记录等信息。各个局部数据字典可以各不相同,但为了保证在各个服务器上所看到的全局数据库是一致的,因此,全局数据字典必须一致。我们所关心的是全局数据字典中的基表控制块TV_CTRL_BLOCK,它的内容主要包括:全局基表总数,每个全局基表名和其对应的表内码,该基表所在的服务器站点的编号等信息。它的功能是将各个服务器站点号与存储在其上的表名及表内码联系起来。这样,代理服务器从客户消息中找到被处理的表名,然后通过查询基表控制块TV_CTRL_BLOCK,就能知道该表存在哪个服务器上,以便将相关消息发给该服务器。

由于DM2上各个服务器站点的全局字典完全相同,任何全局表的信息都会记入全局字典。若用它来构建一个企业的数据库系统,则大量只对企业某部门有用的信息将会充斥在各部门所有服务器的全局字典中,增加了冗余。而且,当对全局表进行DDL操作时,为了确保全局字典的一致性,须对所有服务器的全局字典进行加锁。DM2对全局字典的封锁方式是采用令牌环方式,即令牌绕虚环(非实环)传输,某个服务器想对全局字典进行操作,必须等令牌到达该服务器才可以执行。每个部门建立的全局表绝大多数只对本部门有用,当对这些表进行DDL操作时,却要对所有服务器的全局字典进行封锁,通过令牌来实现对全局字典的互斥访问。假如,两个部门都要分别对本部门的内部表进行DDL操作,这应该是可以并行处理的操作,现在却只能串行执行。而且,当服务器数目庞大时,每个服务器等待令牌的时间将会很长。这严重损害了数据库的效率。

为弥补以上不足,在DM2的改进版本DM3中增加了协调器,用以联接各个独立的DM3数据库子系统,并协调各子系统间的各种关系,使各子系统既能高度自治地工作,又能进行有效的信息共享。

2.体系结构

本系统可看作多个数据库子系统被协调器联起来的,高度自治的一个联邦数据库系统。其中,每个子系统独立处理本系统内部的事务,而子系统间的信息共享由复制技术提供,副本间的一致性由协调器协调处理,处理所需的信息在初始化时写入协调器的组间数据字典中。当对某子系统中的一份数据副本进行修改时,该子系统会将修改通知协调器,由协调器对该数据的其它副本进行修改,从而保证了所有副本的一致性。

由以上可知,子系统彼此并不直接接触,而是各自都与协调器直接相联,由协调器统一管理子系统间的通信。这样,当子系统对副本进行修改时,不必关心相应的子系统处于何种状态,也不必等待回应消息,以及异常处理,所有这些都由协调器进行管理。因此,既提高了系统运行的效率,也保证了子系统的独立性。其体系结构如下图所示。

协调器主要有三大功能,首先,它对协调器和服务器进行初始化,并将有关信息存入组间字典;其次,它管理不同子系统间的通信,维护副本的一致性;最后,它在子系统出现崩溃时,进行异常管理及恢复工作。

图1 DM3多数据库系统体系结构

3.主要策略

多个DM3系统间的信息共享是通过副本实现的,副本的一致性是由协调器来维持的,是一种弱一致性。通常,多数据库系统间的一致性是通过协调器周期性地访问服务器的日志来完成的。由于副本的更新带有随机性,因此,若采用这种 方法 ,可能数据被修改多次,但其相对应的副本仍未被修改,这样就损害了数据的一致性;也可能数据并未被修改,但协调器已多次访问了服务器的日志了,这样就降低了系统的效率。

所以,本系统采用的方法是当数据被修改时,由服务器通知协调器有关信息,再由协调器通知相关系统,修改相关数据。这样,数据的修改及时(仍然是弱一致性),而协调器也不会在数据未被修改的情况下访问服务器,提高了准确性。

为了使协调器正常工作,我们对底层数据库管理系统DM2进行了修改。在基表控制块TV_CTRL_BLOCK中增加一项IsReplication。建表时,该项初始化为false;当为该表建立一个副本时,该项赋值为true。具体算法如下。

初始化算法。

协调器:

从用户或应用程序接收待连接的两个系统中的服务器名,需复制的表名;

分别登录到两个系统的服务器上;

向存有待复制表的服务器发预复制消息;

等待服务器消息;

若失败,发一条失败的消息给服务器和用户或应用程序,转11);

若成功,从消息中取出待复制表的有关信息,根据这些信息,发一条建表消息给另一个系统的服务器;

等待服务器消息;

若失败,发一条失败的消息给服务器和用户或应用程序,转11);

若成功,调数据转移程序,进行数据复制;

将有关信息写入组间字典。

退出。

服务器:

当服务器收到预复制消息后,将基表控制块TV_CTRL_BLOCK中的IsReplication赋为true。同时,取出待复制表的有关信息,组成应答消息发给协调器。

当服务器收到失败的消息后,将基表控制块TV_CTRL_BLOCK中的IsReplication赋为false。

维护算法。

协调器:

从组间字典读出相关信息,根据这些信息,登录到相应系统上;

等待消息;

从某系统的服务器上收到一条修改消息后,通过查找组间字典,确定该消息的目的地,然后将它转发过去;

若失败,定时重发;

转2);

服务器:

1)等待消息;

2)当收到某客户或应用程序的消息后,检查它是否是修改数据的操作(如delete,update或insert等);

若不是,转7);

若是,检查基表控制块TV_CTRL_BLOCK中的IsReplication是否为true;

若不是,转7);

若是,向协调器发修改消息;

继续执行服务器程序的其它部分。

恢复算法。

若协调器所联接的系统中有一个跨掉了,则对副本的修改无法及时地反映到跨掉的系统中来。这时,需要恢复算法来进行处理。

协调器:

当协调器发现有一个系统已经崩溃后,采取以下步骤。

将与该系统相关的变量open赋值为false;

打开记时器;

等待消息;

若收到的消息是其它系统发出的修改崩溃了的系统上的副本的命令,则依次将这些消息存储起来,转3);

若收到的消息是记时器发出的时间到的消息,则向崩溃的系统发登录命令;

若登录成功,将open的值改为true;

将存储的消息依次发送过去,转9);

若登录失败,转3);

退出。

4.结论

我们曾在三个DM3数据库系统上,用两个协调器进行联接。结果,运行情况良好,各副本最终都能保证一致,且各副本间存在差异的时间间隔很短。另外,在出现异常的情况下,协调器也能正常工作。

主要参考文献:

1.周龙骧等,分布式数据库管理系统实现技术,科学出版社,1998。

2.郑振楣,于戈,郭敏,分布式数据库,科学出版社,1998。

3.王珊等,数据仓库技术与联机分析处理,科学出版社,1998。

姑固估咕……(省略800字)…固固!

格式 当我们对一个问题研究之后,如何将其展现于众人面前是一个重要的工作。在这里我们结合具体的事例,给大家介绍科研的一个重要部分论文的一般格式及其注意事项。当然,要写出一篇好的论文,绝不是单单这么一个简要的介绍就够了,还需自己多写、多练。 随着科学技术的发展,越来越多的学者涉及到学术论文的写作领域,那么怎样写学术论文、学术论文写作是怎样要求的、格式如何,下面就介绍一下学术论文的写作,希望能对您论文写作有所帮助。 (一)题名(Title,Topic)1、论文格式的论文题目:(下附署名)要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一个重要信息,也是必须考虑到有助于选定关键词和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息。 论文题目十分重要,必须用心斟酌选定。有人描述其重要性,用了下面的一句话:论文题目是文章的一半。 对论文题目的要求是:准确得体;简短精炼;外延和内涵恰如其分;醒目。(二)作者姓名和单位这一项属于论文署名问题。署名一是为了表明文责自负,二是记录作者的劳动成果,三是便于读者与作者的联系及文献检索(作者索引)。大致分为二种情形,即:单个作者论文和多作者论文。后者按署名顺序列为第一作者、第二作者。重要的是坚持实事求是的态度,对研究工作与论文撰写实际贡献最大的列为第一作者,贡献次之的,列为第二作者,余类推。注明作者所在单位同样是为了便于读者与作者的联系。(三)摘要(Abstract)论文一般应有摘要,有些为了国际交流,还有外文(多用英文)摘要。它对是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。其作用是使读者不用阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。摘要应包含以下内容:①从事这一研究的目的和重要性;②研究的主要内容,指明完成了哪些工作;③获得的基本结论和研究成果,突出论文的新见解;④结论或结果的意义。论文摘要虽然要反映以上内容,但文字必须十分简炼,内容亦需充分概括,篇幅大小一般限制其字数不超过论文字数的5%。例如,对于6000字的一篇论文,其摘要一般不超出300字。论文摘要不需要列举例证,不讲研究过程,不用图表,不给化学结构式,也不要作自我评价。 撰写论文摘要的常见毛病,一是照搬论文正文中的小标题(目录)或论文结论部分的文字;二是内容不浓缩、不概括,文字篇幅过长。为了方便国际交流,很多论文都要求有英文摘要,尤其是在高校里。英文摘要的内容要求与中文摘要一样,包括目的、方法、结果和结论四部分。但是,英文有其自身特点,最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长,同样内容的一段文字,若用英文来描述,其占用的版面可能比中文多一倍。因此,撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了,力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。第一,对所掌握的资料进行精心筛选,不属于上述“四部分”的内容不必写入摘要。第二,对属于“四部分”的内容,也应适当取舍,做到简明扼要,不能包罗万象。比如“目的”,在多数标题中就已初步阐明,若无更深一层的目的,摘要完全不必重复叙述;再如“方法”,有些在国外可能早已成为常规的方法,在撰写英文摘要时就可仅写出方法名称,而不必一一描述其操作步骤。 中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性,目前对这个问题的认识存在两个误区,一是认为两个摘要的内容”差不多就行”,因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容,或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容,这样很容易造成文摘重心转移,甚至偏离主题;二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译,对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏,这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复,显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容,不能随意增删,但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动,具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则,符合英文专业术语规范,并照顾到英文的表达习惯。选择适当的时态和语态,是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。通常情况下,摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的,而应根据具体内容而有所变化,否则容易造成理解上的混乱。但这种变化又并非无章可循,其中存在着如下一些规律: 1、时态:大体可概括为以下几点。 1)叙述研究过程,多采用一般过去时。 2)在采用一般过去时叙述研究过程当中提及在此过程之前发生的事,宜采用过去完成时。 3)说明某课题现已取得的成果,宜采用现在完成时。 4)摘要开头表示本文所“报告”或“描述”的内容,以及摘要结尾表示作者所"认为"的观点和"建议"的做法时,可采用一般现在时。 2、语态:在多数情况下可采用被动语态。但在某些情况下,特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时,又常用主动语态,其优点是鲜明有力。(四)关键词(Key words)关键词属于主题词中的一类。主题词除关键词外,还包含有单元词、标题词的叙词。主题词是用来描述文献资料主题和给出检索文献资料的一种新型的情报检索语言词汇,正是由于它的出现和发展,才使得情报检索计算机化(计算机检索)成为可能。 主题词是指以概念的特性关系来区分事物,用自然语言来表达,并且具有组配功能,用以准确显示词与词之间的语义概念关系的动态性的词或词组。关键词是标示文献关建主题内容,但未经规范处理的主题词。关键词是为了文献标引工作,从论文中选取出来,用以表示全文主要内容信息款目的单词或术语。一篇论文可选取3~8个词作为关键词。关键词或主题词的一般选择方法是:由作者在完成论文写作后,纵观全文,先找出能表示论文主要内容的信息或词汇,这些住处或词汇,可以从论文标题中去找和选,也可以从论文内容中去找和选。后三个关键词的选取,补充了论文标题所未能表示出的主要内容信息,也提高了所涉及的概念深度。需要选出,与从标题中选出的关键词一道,组成该论文的关键词组。关键词与主题词的运用,主要是为了适应计算机检索的需要,以及适应国际计算机联机检索的需要。一个刊物增加关键词这一项,就为该刊物提高引用率、增加知名度开辟了一个新的途径。(五)引言(Introduction)引言又称前言,属于整篇论文的引论部分。其写作内容包括:研究的理由、目的、背景、前人的工作和知识空白,理论依据和实验基础,预期的结果及其在相关领域里的地位、作用和意义。引言的文字不可冗长,内容选择不必过于分散、琐碎,措词要精炼,要吸引读者读下去。引言的篇幅大小,并无硬性的统一规定,需视整篇论文篇幅的大小及论文内容的需要来确定,长的可达700~800字或1000字左右,短的可不到100字。(六)正文(Main body)正文是一篇论文的本论,属于论文的主体,它占据论文的最大篇幅。论文所体现的创造性成果或新的研究结果,都将在这一部分得到充分的反映。因此,要求这一部分内容充实,论据充分、可靠,论证有力,主题明确。为了满足这一系列要求,同时也为了做到层次分明、脉络清晰,常常将正文部分分成几个大的段落。这些段落即所谓逻辑段,一个逻辑段可包含几个自然段。每一逻辑段落可冠以适当标题(分标题或小标题)。段落和划分,应视论文性质与内容而定。(七)参考文献[序号]. 编著者. 书名[M],出版地:出版社,年代,起止页码 [序号]. 作者. 论文名称[J],期刊名称,年度,卷(期),起止页码(八)电子文献的载体类型及其标识随着我国信息化进程的加快,电子文献的采用量逐渐加大,其标注方式的规范化已经提到议事日程上来了。现根据国家新闻出版署印发的《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范》的有关规定,对来稿提出如下要求:一、对于数据库、计算机程序及电子公告等电子文献类型的参考文献,以下列双字母作为标示:电子文献类型 数据库 计算机程序 电子公告 电子文献类型标识 DB CP EB 二、电子文献的载体类型及其标识对于非纸张类型载体的电子文献,当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型中同时标明其载体类型。《规范》采用双字母表示电子文献载体类型:磁带(magnetic tape)MT,磁盘(disk)DK,光盘(CD-ROM) CD,联机网络(online)OL,并以下列格式表示包括了文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识:[文献类型标识/载体类型标识] 如:[DB/OL]——联机网上数据库(database online)[ DB/MT]——磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape)[M/CD]——光盘图书(monograph on CD-ROM)[CP/DK]——磁盘软件(computer program on disk)[J/OL]——网上期刊(serial online)[EB/OL]——网上电子公告(electronic pulletin board online)如:[1]王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准数据库系统工程的进展[DB/OL].文献网址, 1998-08-16/1998-10-04. 以纸张为载体的传统文献在引作参考文献时不必注明其载体类型。九)内容的格式要求1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是:标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面,居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面,居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序:序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。4、论文格式的字体:各类标题(包括“参考文献”标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用Times New Roman字体。5、论文格式的字号:论文题目用三号字体,居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。6、格式正文打印页码,下面居中。7、论文打印纸张规格:A4 210×297毫米。8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中,“字符数/行数”选使用默认字符数;页边距设为 上:3厘米;下:厘米;左:厘米;右:厘米;装订线:厘米;装订线位置:左侧;页眉:厘米;页脚厘米。9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中,“缩进”选0厘米,“间距”选0磅,“行距”选倍,“特殊格式”选(无),“调整右缩进”选项为空,“根据页面设置确定行高格线”选项为空。10、 页眉:页眉从摘要页开始到论文最后一页,均需设置。页眉内容:浙江广播电视大学汉语言文学类本科毕业论文,居中,打印字号为5号宋体,页眉之下有一条下划线。 页脚:从论文主体部分(引言或绪论)开始,用阿拉伯数字连续编页,页码编写方法为:第×页共×页,居中,打印字号为小五号宋体。 前置部分从中文题名页起单独编页。 字体与间距:毕业论文字体为小四号宋体,字间距设置为标准字间距,行间距设置为固定值20磅。范文 1). 谈诚信 在日常生活中,诚信,无非是讲信用!但是,在现代社会人群中,很难找到它的身影。就说昨天,我的大舅请客,说好了让我决定去哪吃饭,而当我说出要去的地方时,他却用种种理由搪塞,结果,还是去了别的地方; 古人说得好,“与朋友交,言而有信”,现代社会这种不诚信的表现是十分令人可气的,那些不讲信义的人为了自身的利益,毫无察觉地或毫无羞耻地丢掉了人与人之间最重要的东西──诚信。设想,说话不算数,人没有了诚信,人与人之间还有什么情义可讲?那还要交朋友干什么呢? 请记住,不讲信义,不但会减少别人对你的信任感,最终使别人不再相信你,甚至对你感到厌恶、仇恨,不再与你交往,你的人际关系就会越来越差,最后自食其果害了自己。 刘基在他的名著《郁离子》里讲过这样一个故事:一个富商在过河时因触礁翻船,他在水中大声呼喊:“谁能救我,我就给他100两金子!”一个善良的渔夫把他就上了岸,可是富商只给了80两,渔夫指责富商不讲信用,商人则训斥渔夫太贪婪。第二天,富商仍坐船过河,不巧又翻进了水里,富商仍旧在水中喊:“谁能救我上岸,我给他100两金子。”曾经救过它的渔夫告诉周围的人这个富商言而无信,结果没人救富商,他淹死了。 由此看来,不讲信义的后果是很严重的, 况且,中国自古以来就有“千金一偌”和“自古皆有死,民无信不立”的优秀品质,我们能把这种优良传统丢掉? 如何培养诚信这种品德呢?关键还是得从“小时小事”做起,如:小时候向朋友或同学借本漫画书,说好明天就还,那你就必须在明天把书还回去,这并不仅是一本漫画书的问题,你可能不知道,当另一个要借这本书的人按时拿到自己退还的书时,会有多高兴!而当别人对你不讲信义时,你又会有多失望?所以说,要拥有诚信,首先得要能考虑到他人,替人着想。 为了人与人之间的尊重和信任,让我们争做诚信人,多做诚信事吧,让社会都充满诚信! 2). 失败是成功之母 当今世界,科技进步日新月异,综合国力竞争日趋激烈。在这种情况下,创新能力如何、创新成果多少,成为决定一个国家和民族能否赢得竞争的重要因素;鼓励创新、推进创新,成为实现发展进步的迫切需要。 然而,干任何事情都有可能成功,也有可能失败,创新作为探索性实践更是如此。对于创新者而言,成功是一种考验,失败更是一种考验。沉醉于成功的辉煌,往往可能停歇前进的步伐;走不出失败的阴影,容易导致错过成功的机遇。当年,发明家爱迪生为了找到不易烧断的灯丝,进行了很多次实验都没能成功。当许多人为他的失败而叹息时,爱迪生却说:我没有失败,我只是又找到了一种不符合要求的东西罢了。经过不懈的努力,爱迪生终于发明了电灯,用科技为人类带来了光明。这个故事启示我们:永不言败,是实现创新的一个重要条件。 创新不言败,不是说所有的创新活动都能够百发百中、大获全胜。创新是艰难的,不可能一蹴而就,也不会一帆风顺。创新不言败,更多的是指一种精神、一种品质、一种追求。 创新不言败是一种精神。这种精神就是不怕失败、敢于胜利。失败与成功,失去与得到,总是相对的、辩证的。有大付出,才有大收获;有大境界,才有大成就。成功的创新者懂得成败的辩证法,懂得“失败是成功之母”的深刻道理。在创新的过程中,一时一事的失败是常有的。面对失败,既不应退缩,更不能失志。因为一着走错,只要稍作调整,即可以柳暗花明;屡遭挫折,只要不屈不挠,总能够走向胜利。真正的失败往往是败而失志、一蹶不振,而所有的成功都来自从失败中奋起、在开拓中前进。 创新不言败是一种品质。这种品质就是迎难而上、永不退缩。创新之路充满艰险,但无限风光恰在险峰之上。正如王安石所说:世之奇伟瑰怪非常之观,常在于险远,而人之所罕至焉,故非有志者不能至也。在艰难险阻面前,“退”是没有出路的,“怯”是难尝胜果的。创新者应有“所当者破,所击者服”的豪气,愈挫愈勇、知难而上。在创新上没有平坦的大道,只有不畏劳苦沿着陡峭山路攀登的人,才有希望到达光辉的顶点。 创新不言败是一种追求。这种追求就是奋发图强、开拓进取。创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。推进中国特色社会主义事业,实现中华民族的伟大复兴,需要创新,呼唤创新。创新是干事创业者的追求,永不言败、自信自强是创新者的选择。自信,才能鼓起从头再来的勇气;自强,才能激发上下求索的潜能。自信不是自负,自信者有自知之明,懂得扬长避短,不会一味蛮干;自强不是逞强,自强者有清醒头脑,善于审时度势,不达目的不罢休。 创新实不易,胜败乃平常。因此,对于致力创新者,我们应该多一些理解和宽容,努力营造一种有利于创新的社会环境和氛围。对于成功者,应该献上美丽的鲜花、给予真诚的赞美;对于失败者,也应该表达充分的体谅、提供必要的帮助。只有这样,才能使创新的活力竞相迸发,创新的成果不断涌现。

论文答辩自述模板八分钟

以上是我关于课堂教学的一些思考,也是论文的主要资料,提出来以期抛砖引玉,欢迎各位学生进行参考。下面就是我给大家带来的论文答辩 自我介绍 模板,欢迎大家阅读参考!

论文答辩自我介绍1

各位教师:

午时好!我是金融学专业___,十分感激各位教师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩。我的 毕业 论文题目是《拓展农村消费信贷市场的策略分析》,我的指导教师是___教师。下头我就论文的相关情景向各位教师作一下汇报,恳请各位教师批评指导。

首先,我想谈谈这篇 文章 的写作意义。

近年来,我国农业综合生产本事不断提高,在国家一系列支农、惠农政策支持下,农民收入连续几年获得稳定增长,农村的消费水平也在逐年提高,但与城市相比仍有很大差距。

当前,农村是扩大内需的突破口,经济增长的潜力在农村,而农村资金短缺,农民贷款难问题严重制约了农村的经济发展和农民生活水平的提高,阻碍了农村市场的发展。这与我国建设社会主义新农村的目标是相违背的。

本课题经过分析农村消费信贷的现状,发现其中的问题,并提出拓展农村消费信贷市场策略,可为开拓农村消费信贷市场供给政策提议和理论依据,使我国农村需求潜力得到进一步的开发,农民生活质量得到提高,农村金融市场实现繁荣。

其次,我想谈谈这篇文章的研究 方法 和写作思路。

研究方法

1.文献综述法。在前人的基础上,全面分析农村消费信贷在农村经济建设中的作用及存在的问题,并提出拓展农村消费信贷市场的相应策略。

2.定性分析法。以当前农村消费信贷市场的发展状况为切入点,定性的研究阻碍农村消费信贷发展的多方面原因。

思路:

从调研农村消费市场和消费信贷情景入手,深入分析新时期我国农村消费信贷市场的状况,针对制约我国农村消费信贷业务发展的因素和农村消费需求和消费信贷需求的特点,并对相关法律法规进行研究,进而提出开拓农村消费信贷市场的策略。

最终,我想谈谈这篇论文的结构和主要资料。

本文分为三个部分,第一部分经过分析农村消费市场的需求状况,指出目前农村消费市场缺少足够的信贷支持,从侧面说明拓展农村消费信贷市场的必要性和可行性;

第二部分经过分析我国农村消费信贷市场现状,提出目前农村消费信贷市场还存在着农村金融服务体系不健全、农村金融服务机构信贷资金投放不足、农村信贷产品创新落后于经济的变化发展以及农村消费信贷相配套的政策和法律体系不完善等问题;

第三部分针对我国农村消费信贷市场存在的问题,提出加快改革步伐,建立商业性金融,合作性金融、政策性金融相结合,资本充足、功能健全、服务完善,运行安全的农村金融体系;同时农村信用社等金融机构要不断加强信贷风险管理,开拓创新,推出多样化的信贷产品;政府部门要进一步加强政策扶持力度,完善相关法律法规以改善农村金融的外部环境等若干对策。

与其他文章相比,本文创新的之处是对农村信用社等金融机构消费信贷业务的风险管理问题和金融产品创新等方面进行了深入的阐述。

本论文经过一二三稿并最终定稿,在这期间,我的论文指导教师——___教师对我的论文进行了详细的修改和指正,并给予我许多宝贵的意见和提议。在那里,我对她表示我最真挚的感激和敬意!

以上就是我毕业论文答辩自述,期望各评委教师给予评价和指正。多谢!

论文答辩自我介绍2

尊敬的各位教师,亲爱的各位同学:

大家午时好!我是13级法学(2)班的__,我的毕业论文题目是《母子 公司法 律关系论》,指导教师是__教授。在我的论文写作期间曲教师给予了悉心的指导,这才使得我的论文能够如期顺利完成,在此,我谨向曲教师表示衷心的感激!下头我将论文的选题背景、写作基本思路以及文章中我个人的一些新的观点与理解向各位教师做以汇报:

我当初之所以选择母子公司法律关系论这一课题进行研究,很大程度上同我对公司法的浓厚兴趣是分不开的,但更重要的是对母子公司法律关系进行研究具有重大的现实意义。主要体此刻公司制形态因其自身所具有的优越性在市场交易过程中已成为最主要的的经济主体,而对母子公司法律关系的确定有利于扩大企业经营规模,提高经济效益,促进企业集团的构成和发展。同时,对于现代企业制度的建立和完善也具有相当重要的作用,所以,研究这一课题能够更好的指导公司实践,对于促进经济发展有着重大的推动作用。

具体来说,我的论文是由母子公司法律关系的界定、母子公司法律关系的分析以及我国现行《公司法》关于“母子公司法律关系”的立法现状及改善思考和结束语四部分构成。

第一部分,在母子公司法律关系的界定上,以明确母子公司的法律概念为首要任务,在这一基础上进一步分析母子公司法律关系的概念及其特征,进而得出研究母子公司法律关系的现实意义,为全文写作奠定基础。

第二部分,对母子公司的法律关系分别从内部、外部进行分析,并重点探讨了特殊形态的母子公司—全资子公司与其母公司之间的法律关系,提出全资子公司应存在对其母公司担保方面权利本事的限制。

第三部分,以我国现行公司立法中关于母子公司法律关系的立法为出发点,采用比较分析的方法分析得出相关法律条文所存在的不够完善的地方,并提出立法改善的思考,同时,提出应存在对于子公司本身利益保护的观点。

第四部分,概括性的 总结 了母子公司之间的权利义务关系,指出加强和完善对这一问题立法的必要性。

整篇文章是我在查阅有关公司法权威学者著作的基础上,结合自身所学知识和个人的理解,最终在曲教师的指导和帮忙下完成的。在全文写作过程中构成以下新的理解与突破:

1.将全资子公司与其母公司的法律关系单独进行分析,打破以往对母子公司法律关系分析时只概括性指出其存在内外部法律关系这一局面,使全资子公司与其母公司之间的法律关系更加清晰化,从而增强相关法律的可操作性。

2.明确界定了母公司与子公司各自的法律概念,使得这一概念同诸如关联公司之类概念有了显著区别。

3.创设性的提出 对子 公司利益的保护还应存在从对其法定公积金的提取程序进行保护进而到达保护子公司合法权益的目的这一途径。

经过本次论文写作,一方面使我掌握了论文写作方 面相 关的技巧,另一方面也使得我在母子公司法律关系这一课题上有了新的认识与理解。但由于我自身所存在的知识储备方面的缺陷,使得文章中的相关观点还不够成熟,甚至可能存在错误观点的情形。对此,我热切期望能够得到各位教师的指导。

多谢!

论文答辩自我介绍3

尊敬的评委教师:早上好!

我叫___,__级会计专业_班学生。我的毕业论文题目是___。我的指导教师是___教师。从确定选题、拟定提纲、完成初稿,到最终定稿,我得到了_教师的精心细致指导,使我很快掌握了论文的写作方法,并在较短的时间里完成了论文的写作。不管今日答辩的结果如何,我都会由衷的感激指导教师的辛勤劳动,感激各位评委教师的批评指正。

首先我想谈谈这个毕业论文的目的和意义

回顾中国的民营企业的发展,也是中国的改革开放的发展。随着中国的改革开放的深入和中国经济的发展,中国的民营企业有三次的提高。、起初,民营企业被看成是“资本主义的尾巴”那时的民营企业没有充分的发展。随着民营企业的在国民经济中的作用不断的提高民营企业被视为社会主义经济的补充,并提出了“国家允许民营企业经济在法律规定的范围内存在和发展…….国家保护民营经济的合法的权利和利益”。民营企业在国民经济中的地位逐渐凸显,随着他们的发展壮大,需要更多的资金来扩大规模,然而融资难却成为民营企业发展的瓶颈。

在这篇论文中,以企业融资难的的现状为研究背景,基于与融资有关的理论基础和国内外文献,研采用马克思历史唯物主义的研究方法,并运用了内因和外因和历史等辨证唯物主义思维方法;实证分析和规范分析相结合,并且以实证分析为主;注重案例的分析和研究。最终得出研究结论并提出相关政策提议。

其次我想谈谈这篇论文的结构和主要资料本文分为五个部分

第一部分主要经过中外理论论述了民营企业融资的重要性第二部分对民营企业的融资概况进行内外分析

第三部分经过对欣阳钢铁有限职责公司进行实例分析

第四部分基于对欣阳钢铁有限职责公司的分析,给你设计相对应的融资方案和策略

限于各种条件的制约,异常是本人理论水平所限,使得本论文对民营企业融资的论述分析仅停留在比较粗浅的层面,尤其是理论方面,还有很多问题需要继续进行深入、细致的思考和探索。

最终,再次感激___教师在我的毕业论文写作过程中所给予的悉心帮忙与指导;其次我要感激各位专业教师在这四年来对我的 教育 与培养,没有你们的教导,也就没有我的今日;最终也要感激本专业同学这几年来对我的关心与支持,和你们生活在一齐的日子我永远也不会忘记!

恳请各位教师、同学进行批评指正,多谢大家!

论文答辩自我介绍4

尊敬的各位评委教师,午时好!

我是工商管理学院20__级 财务管理 本科4班的__,我的论文题目是《金融衍生产品在企业财务管理中的运用》。这篇论文是指我的指导教师___教授的悉心指导下完成的。本文在创作过程中无论是思路的构成还是文章整体框架的搭建均得益于___教师的启发和指导。他还对本论文具体章节的推敲和语言的组织进行了详细的修改和指正,并给与我许多宝贵的意见与提议。在此,我想对他表示最真挚的感激和最崇高的敬意!

下头我将就这篇论文的主要资料、研究方法、研究过程中所遇到的困难和采取的对策等方面向各位教师做出简要的陈述,恳请各位教师批评指导。

首先,我想谈谈这篇论文的结构和主要资料。这篇论文分为六个部分:

第一部分为引言,主要阐述了本文选题的目的及意义。

第二部分是国内外研究现状综述,分国外研究动态和国内研究动态两个方面简单介绍了金融衍生产品在财务管理中的运用,从而准确定位金融衍生产品应用的现状。

第三部分为金融衍生产品相关理论概述,介绍了金融衍生产品的定义和分类。金融衍生产品分为金融远期、金融期权、金融期货、金融互换和信用衍生品。

第四部分是文章的重点部分,详细论述了金融衍生产品在企业风险管理、筹资、投资、公司治理及合理避税中的应用。

第五部分承接第三部分,就金融衍生产品在企业财务管理应用中需要注意的问题进行论述,主要分为(1)充分认识金融衍生产品的风险性(2)充分了解相关信息(3)坚持风险控制为目的(4)建立健全内部风险控制机制四个方面。

第六部分为结论,主要对文章进行归纳和总结,同时也指出了本论文研究的不足。

然后,我想谈谈这篇论文研究方法和手段。

科学的研究方法是我们进行理论研究的指导思想,而恰当的研究方法和研究途径则能够保证我们少走弯路,提高研究效率。在本课题的研究中,主要采用了的研究方法有:

1.文献查阅法。在理论方面,经过各种途径,查阅很多国内外文献,为课题研究供给理论依据。

2.理论研究法,理论研究法是研究中常用的方法之一,本文参考了很多专业文献及我国相关法律制度,进行了充分的理论研究,并给出了自我的独特见解;

3.归纳分析法,鉴于现实世界的复杂性使得 经验 证据往往不足,归纳分析就显得尤为关键,本文在研究金融衍生产品在财务管理中应注意的事项中运用了这种分析方法。

第三,研究过程中所遇到的困难和采取的对策

1、论文写作前期面临思路不清,对论文题目解读不够明确等问题。本人及时与指导教师进行联系,虚心听取___教师的意见,对论文从宏观上有了一个大体的认识,然后在写作中不断完善。

2.论文相关资料的收集比较困难。本人在图书馆查阅很多相关书籍同时经过互联网等途径收集到了很多研究所需的资料。

本篇论文已经完成,总的来说,在写作的过程中,我学到了许多东西,也积累了不少经验,更进一步丰富了自我的知识。在论文中一些资料表述、论证上存在着不足之处,一些问题还有待进行一步思考和探究,借此答辩机会,期望各位教师能够提出宝贵的意见,指出我的错误和不足之处,我会虚心理解,从而进一步深入学习,使论文得到完善和提高。

我的答辩自述完毕,感激各位教师!

论文答辩自我介绍5

各位教师午时好!

我是来自___专业的___,感激各位教师参加我的答辩,我的毕业论文题目是《___》,我的指导教师是___。下头我就论文的相关情景向各位教师作一下汇报,恳请各位教师批评指导。

首先我想先介绍一下文章选题的背景和意义:(从研究背景中凸显意义)

1.国外

2.国内

3.现有水平

4.我的论文所讲述的资料

然后我想介绍一下这篇论文的基本结构和资料

1.序言,写了___

……(在其中说明使用了____模型方法,并得出了____结果)

6.总结,写了___

最终相比其他现有的论文,这篇论文的创新点在于___。

(请先不要介绍论文局限性,等教师问了再说,不要自我给自我挖坑)

以上就是我的毕业论文答辩自述,期望各位评委教师给予评价和指正,多谢!

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毕业论文专八

专八和毕业论文相比,毕业论文比较难一些。因为在毕业论文中需要体现自己与前人研究的不同之处,同时对于格式也有严格的要求。

见闻 印孚瑟斯面试经历

有人知道印孚瑟斯吗?就是Infosys,一家印度的做IT外包的公司。

我投的是它的英语订单管理的职位,接到面试通知的时候,对方说是一个文职的岗位,还是比较适合女生的。

面试的地点在杭州滨江,离市中心十万八千里,坐了一个半小时的车,又绕了半天,才找到打电话给我的人所在的楼,一层的前台不是女接待,而是保安,让我们签个名,然后填一张关于自己信息的表。

过了一会一个女生下来,个子小小的,把几个一起等的应聘的人领上楼去,把我们领到一个房间(看上去是弃置的房间,除了桌椅什么也没有,周围墙上贴着海报),给我们一人一套笔试题,说一个小时做完,我们就各自埋头苦写了。写完过了十几分钟,那个女生又进来让我跟她走,我就跟她上楼,她把我领到一个也看起来很久不用的房间,让我等着,我以为过会就有人来面试了,可是一等就是40来分钟,我都有想走的念头了,因为本身觉得路程太远上班的可能性不大。

后来终于有另一个女面试官进来了,也是个子小小的,我们就简单地谈了谈,她就问了问我毕业前还有什么事情,为什么想来这工作之类的。当我问到外企假是不是还算多,她说不一定,可能比国定假还少,只是加班费比较可观,还要求说一周一定要上5天班,我说因为现在还有毕业论文和考专八,这样5天强度有点大,她还把我教育了一通,付出才有收获云云,说英语好对工作很重要,做久了如果还是这种基础的工作肯定也是自身不够努力之类的,实习工资是每个月1500。

谈妥了之后,她就把我领到上班的那栋楼,放在一个会谈室里,过了会一个印度人走了进来,我有点蒙,准备好的自我介绍都乱了。他慢慢坐下来,用带浓重印度口音的英语说:tell me about yourself. 我就结结巴巴地说起来了,但是他还是挺友好的,我们聊得比较顺利,他就把我拉出去看员工是怎么工作的。办公区域里全是女生~! 只是分钟处理不同国家地区订单的小组而已,他让我在澳大利亚、新西兰或者香港小组三个里面选一个,因为澳大利亚和新西兰小组上班时间是6:30甚至 5:30(可能和那个地区的时差有关吧),只有香港的上班时间是正常的,我就选了HongKong。员工告诉我,其实这里的工作做熟了后很轻松,假也挺多的,国内和国外的假都会放,而且她已经上了3年班了,还在做这个。

这个工作是可以转正的,而且下个周一就可以上班,但是回来之后我就发邮件说路程还是太远还是觉得算了。其实这不是最关键的,我觉得他们真的不关心将来的`员工,或者不会做人做事。

1.我从面试1点半到下午5点走,没有喝一滴水,她们让我们在笔试的时候或者放我在房间里等着的时候都没有想过为我们面试的人倒一杯水;

2.我在那等了40多分钟没有一个人进来解释一下或者说一声有点事再等一下之类的;

3.两个女生把我领到上班的楼的路上,她们走在前面,我走在后面,她们一直在说话,却几乎没有回过头招呼一下什么的,到底当不当我是人,都没有基本的礼貌;

4.女面试官夸大了上班的强度和难度,降低了我的期望,而且没有跟我商量的意思,我是有多希望来。

面试的过程是互相选择的过程,也是我们了解企业的过程,希望企业的人事真的也要“尊重”未来的员工呢,并不是只有你们才可以选择我们。

没事的,学校都是拿这个来吓我们的,其实大学里只要各门课通过,毕业论文通过,学位证书都可以拿的,我们学校在大二时流传说专四不过,学位证书就没得拿,可是到后来明文规定说专四过或不过都不影响学位证书,再后来又是二外考级,又是人的,专八就更别提了,不是每个英语专业的都能过的,所以学位证书不会因为专八没过而没的拿的,所以放心好了

不影响.我是英语专业去年毕业的,大家都拿到了学位证,包括没过的同学.只要专四过了就可以.

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