英语小论文格式500字

英语格式论文样本

在社会的各个领域，说到论文，大家肯定都不陌生吧，通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的能力。那么一般论文是怎么写的呢？下面是我帮大家整理的英语格式论文样本，欢迎大家分享。

英语格式论文样本

论文的规格：正文长度 5，500—8，500 单词。

使用的.语言：英语

论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。

引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号，间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚：（作者名，年份，引文所在页码）

论文正文部分：

1、题目大写，三号字，新时代罗马字，大写下面可写一个附标题，4号字；

2、作者名，5号字，班级，学号

3、指导教师名，5号字，职称

4、摘要：用300词，5号字, 英文一页,中文一页

5、关键词：不能用专有名词，词与词之间空四格（或一个tab键），不加标点符号

6、正文：用5号字, 大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字，小不分用一般数字符号：

引言：引入正题，不超过2段

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.

ii. , , , , ...

iii. , , , , , / . …

结论

7、参考文献(bibliography)：先英文,后中文

作者名，出版年月，文章名/书刊名，出版社，地点

9、致谢(acknowledgement)

五、毕业论文质量标准

（一）选题恰当、与毕业生的知识水平与认识能力相当；

（二）内容丰富、资料翔实、论证充分有力；

（三）观点正确、逻辑性强、无违反国家大政方针的观点；

（四）叙述清楚、层次清晰而丰富；

（五）语言表达正确，无拼写错误、语言错误控制在20-25%00（万分之二十到二十五）；

（六）用词、造句、谋篇、布局等方面无明显失误，修辞错误率控制在2%。

扩展：论文格式要求

(一)需报送全文，文稿请用word录入排版。字数不超过5字。

(二)应完整扼要，涉及主要观点的图片、曲线和表格不能缺少，正文要有“结论”部分。如稿件内容不清或文章篇幅超长等原因，编辑有权删改。

(三)论文结构请按下列顺序排列：

1.大标题(第一行)：三黑字体，居中排。

2.姓名(第二行)：小三楷字体，居中排。

3.作者单位或通信地址(第三行)：按省名、城市名、邮编顺序排列，用小三楷字体。

4.关键词。需列出4个关键词，小三楷字体。第1个关键词应为二级学科名称。学科分类标准执行国家标准;关键词后请列出作者的中国科协所属全国性学会个人会员的登记号

5.正文。小四号宋体。文中所用计量单位，一律按国际通用标准或国家标准，并用英文书写，如km2，kg等。文中年代、年月日、数字一律用阿拉伯数字表示。

正文中的各级标题、图、表体例见下表：

表; 标题体例

标题级别字体字号格式说明

一级标题三号标宋居中题目

二级标题四号黑体左空2字，单占行汉字加顿号，如“一、”

三级标题四号仿宋体左空2字，单占行汉字加括号，如“(一)”

四级标题小四号黑体左空2字，单占行阿拉伯数字加下圆点，如“1.”

五级标题小四号宋体左空2字，右空1字，接排正文阿拉伯数字加括号，如“(1)”允许用于无标题

段落图、表、注释及参考文献体例

内容字体字号格式说明

图题五号宋体排图下，居中，单占行图号按流水排序，如“图1;“图2”

图注小五号宋体排图题下，居中，接排序号按流水排序，如“1.”;“2.”

表题五号黑体排表上，居中，可在斜杠后接排计量单位，组合单位需加括号如“表2几种发动机的最大功率/kW”“表5几种车辆的速度/(km/h)”表序号按流水排序，如“表1”、“表2”

表栏头小五号宋体各栏居中，计量单位格式同上

图文/表文小五号宋体表文首行前空1字，段中可用标点，段后不用标点

6.参考文献。文章必须有参考文献。“参考文献”4字作为标题，字体五黑，居中，其他字体五宋。文献著录格式如下：

(1)著作：作者姓名.书名.出版社名，出版年月，页码(如有两个以上作者，作者间用逗号分开)

(2)期刊：作者姓名.文章名.期刊名，年份，卷(期)、页码。

7.作者简介。请在参考文献之后附作者简介。“作者简介”请用五黑字体左起顶格排，后空一格，接排。作者简介字体五宋，1字以内，包括姓名、参加的全国性学会名称、中国科协个人会员登记号、工作单位、电话、传真、电子信箱等。

论文应该包括封面、扉页（标题页）、致谢、中英文摘要（300-500词）、关键词（英、中文两份，3-6个）（先英文后中文）、目录、正文、全文尾注、外文与中文参考书目（先英文后中文，以作者的姓按字母顺序排列）、附录（仅列有参考价值的内容）论文声明论文正文都必须包括引言（introduction）,正体、结束语 (conclusion) 论文题目太长时，应该缩短，可加副标题（不宜超过15个）。注释：Notes 既可以有脚注（footnotes ） , 也可以有尾注 (endnotes) A4纸张（21*）边距：上下边距左边距：3cm 右边距：2cm 页脚：，居中打印页号。正文汉语字体：宋体正文英文字体： Times New Roman 打印格式：封面。封页上的内容一律按照统一封面的样张式样打印，必须正确无误，字体统一采用英语字体；Times New Roman 。汉语字体：宋体。题目用二号黑体字，其他用四号宋体。扉页。在封面后应有扉页，它是论文的第一页，写有论文题目、作者姓名，所属部门和论文成交日期。论文（设计）题目为三号黑体字，可以分为1或2行居中打印摘要、关键词。英文部分：“Abstract”字下空一行打印内容（12号 Arial 字体）。每段开头空四个字母。Abstract 内容后下空一行打印内容（12号 Arial 字体），“ Keywords ”以下均用12号 Arial 字体。中文部分：“摘要” 打印三号黑体。“摘要”字下空一行打印“关键词”三个字（四号黑体字），其后为关键词内容（四号宋体）。目录。“Contents“ （16号Times New Roman ），下空二行为章、节、小节及其开始页码。标题。每章标题居中打印。一级标题：三号字体二级标题：小三号字体三级标题：四号字体四级标题：小四号字体标题一律用粗体（Boldface）标题体系应该一致： 1 2 正文字体大小：小四（12号字体），行距：引文字体大小：五号（11号字体），行距：1 页码标号。正文前页码用罗马数字如 ⅰⅱ 正文开始用阿拉伯数字1，2 标明页码。例句标号。例句标号以章为单位。即每章从（1）开始。引文、注释。短的引文用引号，长段引文及非间接引用格式见样本。注释采用正文后注释即在正文完成的最后进行注解。参考文献格式示例如下（中英文具体见样本）：连续出版物（期刊）：序号，作者，出版年，题名，刊名，期号，起止页；专著：序号，作者，出版年，书名，版本（第一版不标注），出版地，起止页码论文集：序号，作者，出版年，题名，主编，论文集名，出版地，起止页码学位论文：序号，作者，年份，题名[学位论文 ] （英文用 [ Dissertation]）,保存地点，保存单位。每一段开头缩进两个汉字（或四个英文）字符的位置，段与段之间不空行；每一段开头如果不缩进，段与段之间必须空一行。

英语论文格式模板

英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。

英语论文用激光打印机打印，打印稿为黑白稿，彩色打印件会影响出版效果。版心：a4纸，上、下页边距 cm，左、右页边距均为 mm。论文内容宽不得超过，长不得超过。

字体和字号：正文，标题，作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体，斜体。

行距：单倍行距。

页码：论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字，位于页面下方居中。

文体：文章应语法正确，技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长，请采用title: subtitle的形式。

数学公式：文中的数学公式不得手写，必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用，应该编号。公式之间，公式和正文之间都应该空一行。单位：文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内，单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献，如anmc metric editorial guide， 5th ed，1992 可向美国国家公制协会索取(american national metric council， 1735n. lynn street， suite 950， arlington， va 22209-2022)

图表：

标题说明和图例：插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1，figure 2，table 1，table 2)。图的说明和标题，包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题，包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。

位置：图可以插入到正文中，或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图，尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式，可选择上下环绕方式。

底纹：插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹，否则会影响印刷效果。

照片：如果文中需要附上照片，在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片，标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印，请不要提供彩色照片，以免影响印刷效果。

扫描图：印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图，请提供灰色色标扫描图。

作者联络信息：请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的，包括以下内容：作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。

参考文献：所有参考文献为单倍行距，放在文章最后，按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献，按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时，作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小，难于辨认，正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用，如果正文中没有引用，请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分，或者相关材料(related materials)部分。

基本论文格式

论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的'排序为：题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。

1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是：标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。

2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面，居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面，居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。

3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序：序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。

4、论文格式的字体：各类标题(包括参考文献标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。

5、论文格式的字号：论文题目用三号字体，居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。

6、格式正文打印页码，下面居中。

7、论文打印纸张规格：A4210297毫米。

8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中，字符数/行数选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上：3厘米;下：厘米;左：厘米;右：厘米;装订线：厘米;装订线位置：左侧;页眉：厘米;页脚厘米。

9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中，缩进选0厘米，间距选0磅，行距选倍，特殊格式选(无)，调整右缩进选项为空，根据页面设置确定行高格线选项为空。

10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样，并左对齐。

11、使用软件：MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。

文献注释

注释不同于参考文献。参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目，集中列于文末。而注释则是作者对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字，不要列入文末的参考文献，而要作为注释放在页下，用①②标识序号。注释中提到的论著保持通常格式，如：

①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体，注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体，英语采用Times New Roman 9号。

500字英语小论文模板

Recently,the problem of__________has aroused people's concern. However, different people hold different attitudes toward. A lot of people seem to think that__________________ There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem does us much harm(good)I quite agree with the statement that ________________,The reason are chiefly as follows, to start with___________,in addition_________,perhaps the primary reason is ___________,It has more advantages than disadvantages(disadvantages thanadvantages)。In my opinion, Taking all these factors into consideration, We naturally came to the conclusion that_________________. Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 最近，_______问题已引起人们的关注，然而，人们的态度各不相同，很多人似乎以为_________ 毫无疑问，对________问题应该给予足够的重视。它对我们很有坏处（好处）。我十分赞同这一论述_________________，主要的原因包括_____________一个原因是_________ 另一个原因_________或许最主要的是_________________.它的利多弊少。弊多利少在我的观点，把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论_______________________。显然，现在我们提出解决问题方案正是时候。

一、引出开头1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）二、表达不同观点1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）三、表示结尾1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点）6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）四、提出建议1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）5：Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的）五、预示后果1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）六、表示论证1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……）4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……）5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）七、给出原因1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...） 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……3：For one thing,…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，……3;It is obvious that……很显然……4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……九、表示好处和坏处1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处十、表示重要、方便、可能1：It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……2：It plays an important role in our life.十一、采取措施1：We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施2：We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难3：We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……4：We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难十二、显示变化1：Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化2：Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化3：It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…4：The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%十三、表明事实现状1;We cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实……2：No one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实……3：This is a phenomenon that many people are interested （与...息息相关）十四、进行比较1：Compared with A,B……与A比较，B……2;I prefer to read rather than watch TV.十五、常用英语谚语1：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩2：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子3：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马4：A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半5：Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊6：A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里7：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母8:Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母9:It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老10:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人

EarthDay originally celebrated at Spring Equinox around March 20, is an annualday on which events are held worldwide to increase awareness and appreciationof the Earth’s natural environment. Now Earth Day is coordinatedglobally by the Earth Day Network,and is celebrated in more than 175countries every 2009, the United Nations designated April22 International Mother Earth最初，地球日是在每年的春分，也就是三月二十号，这一天世界各地都会进行各种活动，希望能够增强人们的环境意识。现金，在同名组织“地球日组织”的协调下，地球日每年都在超过175个国家进行。 2009年，联合国指定每年的四月二十二号为世界地球日。People are more active doing something which isfriendly to the environment on Earth Day, like saving water, collectingrecyclable waste, reducing the uses of chemical materials which could pollutethe environment, etc..世界地球日这一天，人们会更加主动地去做一些有益于环境的事情，例如，节约用水，回收可再回收利用的废物，减少可能造成环境污染的化学物质的使用等等。Nowadays our world is highly developed with the improvementof technology. The wide use of technology helped us build factories,laboratories, mines, dams and all kinds of facilities which are supposed to dogood to the mankind. And of course they have brought and are still bringing usbenifits. But in the meanwhile they are causing and will be keeping causingserious environmental problems, such as all kinds of pollutions, the damage tothe ozonosphere and so on. And with the growing population of mankind, We areacctually ravaging the living condition of other species, which would cause theimbalance or even collapse of the ecosystem.现今，科技的发展带来了整个世界的高度开发。在科技广泛应用的帮助下，我们建立了各种各样的工厂，实验室，矿场，水坝以及其他所有的能够给人类带来益处的设施。这些设施在带给我们利益的同时，也对环境产生了严重的影响，例如，各种形式的污染，对臭氧层的损伤等等。同时，人类人口的增长，我们也在不停地掠夺其他物种的生存环境。这很有可能造成生态圈的失衡甚至是崩溃。Acctually we can treat everyday as the Earth Dayand be aware of environmental protection all the time. In which way, our motherearth could be protected and she would be able to support us much longer.其实，我们可以把每一天都当做世界地球日，每天都有意识地保护环境。这样，我们才能够保护我们的地球，她也能够更长久地养育我们。

英语格式论文样本

论文的规格：正文长度 5，500—8，500 单词。

使用的.语言：英语

论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。

引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号，间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚：（作者名，年份，引文所在页码）

论文正文部分：

1、题目大写，三号字，新时代罗马字，大写下面可写一个附标题，4号字；

2、作者名，5号字，班级，学号

3、指导教师名，5号字，职称

4、摘要：用300词，5号字, 英文一页,中文一页

5、关键词：不能用专有名词，词与词之间空四格（或一个tab键），不加标点符号

6、正文：用5号字, 大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字，小不分用一般数字符号：

引言：引入正题，不超过2段

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.

ii. , , , , ...

iii. , , , , , / . …

结论

7、参考文献(bibliography)：先英文,后中文

作者名，出版年月，文章名/书刊名，出版社，地点

9、致谢(acknowledgement)

五、毕业论文质量标准

（一）选题恰当、与毕业生的知识水平与认识能力相当；

（二）内容丰富、资料翔实、论证充分有力；

（三）观点正确、逻辑性强、无违反国家大政方针的观点；

（四）叙述清楚、层次清晰而丰富；

（五）语言表达正确，无拼写错误、语言错误控制在20-25%00（万分之二十到二十五）；

（六）用词、造句、谋篇、布局等方面无明显失误，修辞错误率控制在2%。

扩展：论文格式要求

(一)需报送全文，文稿请用word录入排版。字数不超过5字。

(二)应完整扼要，涉及主要观点的图片、曲线和表格不能缺少，正文要有“结论”部分。如稿件内容不清或文章篇幅超长等原因，编辑有权删改。

(三)论文结构请按下列顺序排列：

1.大标题(第一行)：三黑字体，居中排。

2.姓名(第二行)：小三楷字体，居中排。

3.作者单位或通信地址(第三行)：按省名、城市名、邮编顺序排列，用小三楷字体。

正文中的各级标题、图、表体例见下表：

表; 标题体例

标题级别字体字号格式说明

一级标题三号标宋居中题目

二级标题四号黑体左空2字，单占行汉字加顿号，如“一、”

三级标题四号仿宋体左空2字，单占行汉字加括号，如“(一)”

四级标题小四号黑体左空2字，单占行阿拉伯数字加下圆点，如“1.”

五级标题小四号宋体左空2字，右空1字，接排正文阿拉伯数字加括号，如“(1)”允许用于无标题

段落图、表、注释及参考文献体例

内容字体字号格式说明

图题五号宋体排图下，居中，单占行图号按流水排序，如“图1;“图2”

图注小五号宋体排图题下，居中，接排序号按流水排序，如“1.”;“2.”

表栏头小五号宋体各栏居中，计量单位格式同上

图文/表文小五号宋体表文首行前空1字，段中可用标点，段后不用标点

6.参考文献。文章必须有参考文献。“参考文献”4字作为标题，字体五黑，居中，其他字体五宋。文献著录格式如下：

(1)著作：作者姓名.书名.出版社名，出版年月，页码(如有两个以上作者，作者间用逗号分开)

(2)期刊：作者姓名.文章名.期刊名，年份，卷(期)、页码。

英语论文500字

There have seed emotion to call "like", the second is called "love". Love is when he is in in eyes, he is the only one; When he is not in all with his shadow. Love is in the middle of the night when reading a book about him suddenly, imagine him what to do now, in the heart of the warm light up a bulky, but never actively give him a call. A few minutes later, the attention again to plot of the book to attract!!!!! Love is in the lonely night, miss flooded to holding the book in his hand, but how also can't go in, you heart at this time whether he still in overtime, and eat dinner, is not as we think of his general thinking about himself. Like is to discuss with him the blush up to the ears, for before him at his rival like a hedgehog never give up, but as in the heart had secretly admire his opinions of his talent. Love is the hope that he and his whip, and his soul dwelling, he inadvertently say a teaser also can let himself down even for tears. In front of him, he is never fortification. Like is out to his hair message, tell him the weather here is very good, and then the phone off, alone in different ground crazy for a week, sun into a black suddenly appeared in front of him after startled him. Love is whether to which all hope to have his company. Can be standing on the beach to give him a mobile phone, let him to hear the sound of the waves; Can also because of the foreign street see a strongly resembles his figure and leng in situ billowing move. Like he is before the trip simple way with a "bon voyage", looking at his leave of figure, in the heart a little shed, but say nothing, just silently waiting for him to return news. Love is in his QianDingNing before the trip into his backpack, charged with clothes and food, at the station to wait until the train left before they would leave. And after he left in the day of every day in limbo, over and pray that he can come back safely. Like is in hurt, don't want to let him see his weak side, before him quietly wipe the tears, turned his head still is a happy strong shape. Love is in be wronged, on his chest and wept bitterly, no disguise no worries, put all the troubles completely, and the desire to tell him from his arms get comfort. Like is and his weekend shops tired eat together KFC; Is in the cold winter and he grabbed a hot cup of coffee; And he is always walk on the street shoulder among the distance between the half a metre; With him together in front of the computer game play two smile like a child. Love is weekend use half a day to make a few with sir meet of see him to eat it, Is in the cold winter for his coffee cup constantly refilled hot water; And he walked in the street is letting him walking arm in arm with his own hand tightly; Is next to him in the quiet, happy to look at him in front of the computer work to look. Like is to hear him tell his childhood the fun, and then laughed, in the heart of the fellowship of the vague feeling. Love is to listen to his childhood the fun, then smiled, heart more pity at present this once so terribly naughty man. Love is in the building, pleasant and met him he say hello, again simple greetings several, pass by when she saw a beautiful sunshine outside the window, the mood gratuitous and better. Love is in the building and see him, face pretends to did not care about the expression, but passed careful around feeling in the attack of air, and could not help looking back to one eye. Like is to see him and another girl hand through inside, there is a little bit of pain, but will soon at chaoyang to raise smiling face. Love is a loser's game, after paying all, stay may be only on the bottom of a scar. Like a person is want him was his own, so, can be like a lot of people, want to a lot of people is their own. Love is clearly without him, but will have to give up him, because he will happiness, maybe I can not give. Can't take him, would like to see him find happiness, even of that happiness is not share with me. Like that are expected to feel lonely, bored, sad, to find someone to talk to. Love is, at any time to share with him, happy even hopes to put all his happiness. Love is a long, long time, didn't contact, received his phone, and then smile to hear him speak. Love is in a few days, had no contact, try so hard to call him, then held my tears and smile a little. Like, only together of the time, just thinking about each other. Love is, even if it is together, each second is thinking about him. Like a person, most many friends, will also feel happy. Love a person, is more a person, can enjoy two people of the world. Like a person, is sweet greasy. Love a person, is the sunshine. Like a person, together of the time will be very happy. Love a person, not together, will sense of loss. Like a person, you won't think of your future. Love a person, you often together hope for tomorrow. Like a person, together of the time is always a joy. Love a person, you will often tears. Like a person, when you long time no see, you will suddenly think of him. Love a person, when you long time no see, you will think about him every day. Like a person, when you think of him, and you will be a slight smile. Love a person, when you think of him, and you will be the stunned. Like a person, you will want to have children, he you will love it. Love a person, will one day, you suddenly very curious: the future of our children can be any appearance. Like a person is hope everybody happy. Love a person hope that he will be more happy. Like a person, you only need today. Love a person, you expect is forever. Like a person, is to see the advantages. Love a person, is inclusive of his faults. When you stand in front of the person you love, your heart beats faster. But when you stood in front of the person you like, you just feel happy. When you and the person you love, you four eyes delivers will shy. But when you and four eyes of the person you like, you can only smile delivers. When you and the person you love, you feel is reluctant to dialogue. But when you and of the person you like, you can speak freely. Dialogue When the one you love is crying, you cry with her. But when the one you like is crying, you will skills to comfort her. When you don't want to love a person, you want to close your eyes and endure tears. When you don't

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On suprasegmental features Introduction So far we havebeen talking about phonetic features as they apply to single phonetic segments,or phones. Phonetic features can also apply to a string of severalsounds, such as a syllable, or an entire word or utterance. The study ofphonological features which applies to groups larger than the single segment,are known as suprasegmentalfeatures, such as the syllable or the word. The study of these features is knownas prosody. It mainly includessyllable, stress, pitch, tone, and intonation. In this paper, I will talk aboutthe suprasegmental features ingreat detail. Key words: phonetic, suprasegmental. Syllable The most obvious prosodic feature in languageis the syllable. Let's briefly discuss the notion of syllables. Like all of our other basic linguistic concepts,although everyone knows what a syllable is, the concept "syllable" isdifficult to define in absolute terms. A syllable can be divided into threeparts, that is, onset, nucleus, and coda, of which nucleus is a must. Asyllable that has no coda is called an open syllable while a syllable with codais called a closed syllable. In English only long vowels and diphthongs canoccur in open syllables. The onset may be empty or filled by a cluster of asmany as three consonants, while the coda position may be filled as many as fourconsonants. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice asto where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the some languages, syllables are always open,that is, they always end in a vowel, never a consonant. (Hawaiian) On the other hand, every Hawaiian syllable must begin with a consonant. (Aloha spoken as a single word beginsin a glottal stop.) In other languages, syllables are always closed; they mustend in a consonant (Navaho): Háá'ishah dididiljah. Let's build a fire. Táá diné 'ooljéé'go naaskai' Three men went to the moon. (LikeHawaiian, they must also begin in a consonant.)Stress The nature of stress The word stress is used differently bydifferent authors, and the relationship between stress, emphasis, accent andprominence is also defined differently. Robins has defined it as “a genericterm for the relatively greater force exerted in the articulation of part ofutterance”. The nature of stress is simple enough—practically everyone wouldagree that the first syllable of words like“father”, “open” is stressed, thatthe middle syllable is stressed in “potato”, “apartment” and the final syllableis stressed in “about”, “perhaps”, and most people feel they have some sort ofidea of what the difference is between stressed and unstressed syllables,though they might explain it in many different production of stress is generallybelieved to depend on the speaker using more muscular energy than is used forunstressed syllables. From the perceptual point of view, all stressed syllableshave one characteristic in common, and that is “prominence”. Roach hasmanifested that at least four different factors are important to make asyllable prominent:i) Loudness: Most people seem to feelthat stressed syllables are louder than unstressed ones; in other words,loudness is a component of ) Length: The length of syllables hasan important part to play in prominence; the syllables which are made longerthan the others will be heard as ) Pitch: Pitch in speech is closelyrelated to the frequency of vibration of the vocal folds and to the musicalnotion of low-pitched and high-pitched notes; if one syllable is said with apitch that is noticeably different from that of the others, this will have astrong tendency to produce the effect of ) Quality: a syllable will tend to be prominentif it contains a vowel that is different in quality from neighboring vowels. Languages differ in how they use ) In some languages, eachsyllable is equally stressed or unstressed,as in Cambodian2) the syllable in eachword is more stressed. Theplace of stress is fixed on acertain syllable:1) initial. Finnish,Hungarian and other Finno-Ugric languages2) penultimate. Polish,3) final. ) Complex set ofrules. In Bulgarian nouns and verbs have separate sets of rules forstress placement. Hopi (phonetic: first syllable of a two syllableword: síkwi meat; inwords of three or more syllables, accent falls on the first long vowel: máamatsi to recognize; or onthe first short vowel before a consonant cluster: péntani to write; otherwise it falls on thenext to last syllable: wunúvtu standup)The place of stress is ) In Russian the stress iscompletely random: xoroshó, xoró) In English the stress ismore predictable but still random. Usually a middle syllable of a longerword receives the stress. In two syllable words stress is rando and oftenrenders differences in meaning: project/toproject, produce/produce, and insult/ to insult. Some languages have more than one stress perword: English is such a language. In English, words of foursyllables or more have a primaryand a secondary stress. SomeEnglish compounds have phrasal stress on the first element of thecompound. Phrasal stress often distinguishes meaning in adjective/nouncombinations. Sentence stress in English According to He Shanfen (1992), Englishsentence stress has two main functions:⑴ to indicate the important words in thesentence; ⑵ to serve as thebasis for the rhythmic structure of the sentence. Consequently, in connected English speech,sentence stress usually falls on content ( or lexical) words, which carry thebasic meaning of a sentence, . nouns, adjectives, adverbs etc. Those whichare usually unstressed in sentences are form (or structural) words, which showgrammatical relationships, such as articles, auxiliary and modal verbs,monosyllabic prepositions, Another prosodic feature is pitch, defined as the frequency ofvibration of vocal cords. Pitch is measured in hertzes. Physiologically, pitch tends to be higher inwoman than in men and higher before puberty than after puberty. Also, thepitch of women's voices tends to lower with old age; the pitch of men's voicestends to get higher with age. Despite these physiological, non-linguisticuniversal, each language uses pitch distinctions for linguisticallymeaningful purposes. Startingfrom the lowest pitch on the initial syllable, the pitch of each subsequentsyllable raises until the word reaches the "peak". From that point,pitch either remains at the same level for the remainder of the word or itdrops again. The choice between maintenance of high pitch or allowing it todrop is a matter of formality: pitch is maintained in formal or careful speech,but dropped in colloquial usage.七．ConclusionBeing the most important part, suprasegmental features can not be despised in phonology the whole passage, we can understand that suprasegmentalfeatures not only has its phonology significance, but also the practicaluse as well. We can not say this person is a good language user just by his orher vocabulary, as well as the grammar. Spoken language is also very useful. Ido hope that the paper will be sufficient to prove that suprasegmental features is an efficient way for our studies and encouragemore and more students to pay attention to using it.

不分v个方法回复很方便

英语120字小论文格式

英语论文格式模板2017

英语论文格式模板是怎样的呢?撰写一篇优秀的毕业论文，除了细心严谨之外，还要了解论文格式。下面是我分享的英语论文格式模板，欢迎阅读!

英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。

字体和字号：正文，标题，作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体，斜体。

行距：单倍行距。

页码：论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字，位于页面下方居中。

文体：文章应语法正确，技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长，请采用title: subtitle的形式。

图表：

底纹：插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹，否则会影响印刷效果。

扫描图：印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图，请提供灰色色标扫描图。

1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是：标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。

2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面，居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面，居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。

3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序：序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。

6、格式正文打印页码，下面居中。

7、论文打印纸张规格：A4210297毫米。

10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样，并左对齐。

11、使用软件：MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。

文献注释

①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体，注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体，英语采用Times New Roman 9号。

英文论文的格式共六点：标题、提纲、摘要、正文、文中引述、文献目录。

标题：一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此)。

提纲：英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。

主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。

需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

摘要：英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。

英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，倍行间距。

英文题目：使用三号字加粗。英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。

正文：有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。

正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

文中引述：正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式（即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。

引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。

文献目录：论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。

标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为,不必留出更多空白。

各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。

摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。

三百字英语小论文格式

英文论文的详细格式：

一、标题

一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。

二、提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。

三、摘要

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，倍行间距。

4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。

英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。

四、正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

五、文中引述

正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式（即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。

六、文献目录

论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:

目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为,不必留出更多空白。

扩展资料：

发表论文作用：

论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。不同的人发表论文的作用也不同：

1、评职称（晋升职称）：研究生毕业需要；教师、医护人员、科研院所的人员、企业员工等晋升高一级的职称时，发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。

2、申报基金、课题：教育、科技、卫生系统每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时，发表论文是作为基金或课题完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。

3、世界性基础领域的研究，比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学等领域开展的基础性研究，公开发表论文是对最新科技科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。

参考资料来源：百度百科——英文论文

英语论文的标准格式参考

在学习、工作生活中，大家总少不了接触论文吧，论文写作的过程是人们获得直接经验的过程。那么，怎么去写论文呢？以下是我收集整理的英语论文的标准格式参考，欢迎大家分享。

英语论文用激光打印机打印，打印稿为黑白稿，彩色打印件会影响出版效果。版心：a4纸，上、下页边距 cm，左、右页边距均为 mm。论文内容宽不得超过, 长不得超过。

字体和字号：正文，标题，作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体，斜体。

行距：单倍行距。

页码：论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字，位于页面下方居中。

文体：文章应语法正确，技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长，请采用title: subtitle的形式。

图表：

底纹：插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹，否则会影响印刷效果。

扫描图：印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图，请提供灰色色标扫描图。

作者联络信息：请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的，包括以下内容：作者全名；所属学会；学历或授予的荣誉；所在单位；通讯地址和电子邮箱；电话和传真。

扩展：英语学术论文格式

1、TITLE标题

既然是标题,不言而喻,就要力求新颖、简明、扼要,例如以下几个例子。Advances in Control of Cancer Pain控制癌肿疼痛方法的进展。Semiquantitatie Analysis of the Autoradiographs放射自显影半剂量分析The Higher the Diffusion Rate,the Higher thdChance of Each NewlyIodinated Tgb Molecule Cominginto Repeated Contact with the Peroxidase Site at theApical Membrane弥散率越高,新碘化的Tgb分子与实膜过氧物酶部位所接触的机会越多。

有些杂志,某些作者除采用正标题之外,还采用副标题,这种情况在国外刊物上的各类论文中可谓俯拾即是。采用副标题,一般是在正标题过于简单、笼统的情况下,起到补充和系统说明正题等的作用,或是要强调某一个方面或几个方面,以其引起读者注意等等。Ultra-Low-Volume Administration:SystemsEvaluation and Date Analysis超低量用药一系列评价和数据分析(补充正题)。Medical News:Adjuvant Chemotherapy Works forBreast Cancer with Involved Nodes医学新闻:辅助性化学疗法对伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌奏效(说明上题)。Unresolved Issue:Do Smokers Catch Less LungCancer?尚未解决的问题:吸烟者患肺癌少吗?(提醒人们注意吸烟者患肺癌的数量增加)。

有时,为了避免标题太长而使用缩写词。Effect of LATS(=Long-Acting Thyroid Stimula-tor)and LATS Protectoron HTACA(=Human Thy-roid Adeny Cyclase Activity)长效甲状腺刺激素和长效甲状腺刺激素保护物对人体甲状腺甙酸环化酶活性的作用。考虑文章较长,可在统一的标题下,用不同的副标题分成若干相对独立的篇章。例如:Factors Influ-encing one's Ability to Adopt to Chronic Illness影响个人对慢性疾病适应能力的因素(1)CARE保健；(2)TECHNOLOGY技术学；(3)FAMILY RELATION-SHIPS家庭关系；(4)DEVELOPMENTAL LEVEL发展水平(研究标准)；(5)CULTURAL VALUESAND BELIEFS文化价值和信仰。

2、ABSTRACT(SUMMARY)摘要、提要

这部分是对整篇文章的高度概括或浓缩,故要简单、明了。常用的词汇和句型有:Somebody studied(examined investigated,determined,found,reported,interviewed,measured,documented,considered,though evaluated,observed,…)。运用这些动词,所采用的时态通常是一般过去时和现在完成时。被动语态也屡见不鲜,常见有:This study was taken to ex-amine… ；Patients with…were followed up for+时间；It is showed that… ；It is concluded that… ；Indicationswere obtained that… ,等。结尾时常用的表达方法有:The results indicate(show,state,suggest,demon-strate,conclude,express…)that… ；These findingshave special importance in showing that… ；The find-ings have general significance in that… ；This possibilityis strengthening by the observation that… ,等等。例:

Enzyme Linkel Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)isused to the detection for antibody of anti-thy oglobulinin normal human serum,cord serum,and amniotic results demonstrate that it seemed to be an cer-tain rule that the lower appeared in the amniotic fluid,the highest in cord is decreasing for anormal level with the grown-up age after isthus concluded that antibody of anti-thyroglobulin wemeasured may play a certain significance in diagnosis ofcretinism by ELISA.作者采用ELISA对正常人的血清、脐带血清和羊水中的抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体进行了测定。其结果有一定规律:抗体在胎生期首先出现,分娩时浓度达高峰,而后随年龄增长逐渐降至正常水平。故测定该抗体对地方克汀病之诊断有一定意义。

3、INTRODUCTION引言

本项除课题意义外,主要涉猎前人研究情况的评述及本研究的目的,后两者有时分别列出。兹分述如下:

、REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK

以往研究评论还有用其它题目的,例如:REVIEW OF LITER-ATURE(文献评述),LITERATURE CITED(文献引述),PRIOR RESEARCH(以前的研究),SOMEPAST DESIGNS(过去的某些设计),BACK-GROU-ND(背景材料),等等。而这些资料引文的重点要放在引述与本文有关的以往研究的结果,否则会喧宾夺主。句式常有 (reported,gave,car-ried out experiment on… ；Sb found(showed…)that… .还有若干不同的其它表达方法,写在下边:our exper-iments show that… ；The present study was undertakentoidentify… ,Date are presented that suggest… ,Ourresults supported… ；The distribution has reported by… ；Our laboratory has undertaken a reexamination of… ；This article(paper)documents… ；We trace(evi-dence)…This model extends… ；Our findings demon-strate… ；We reasoned that… ；The effect…were evalu-ated by means of… ；The present results add some fur-ther elements to… .A recent study analyzed he effect of aspirin(ASA)on primaryhemostasis in uremia,measuring bleedingtime(BT).It was found that the same dose of ASA pro-longed BT more in uremic that in control subjects,sug-gesting platelets were more susceptible to the inhibitory-of might be due to different ASA pharma-cokinetics and bioavailability that might be influenced bythe uremic condition.新近一项研究分析了乙酰水扬酸对尿毒症第一期出血的影响,测定了出血的时间。我们发现,同样剂量的ASA均可延长出血时间,而尿毒症受验者比对照受验者要多。这提示尿毒症的血小板对ASA的抑制更具敏感性。这可能是由于ASA的药物动力学和生物可用性不同所致。

、OBJECTIVES目的

这一条还可写作OBJEC-TIVES OF STUDY(研究的目的),有时OBJEC-TIVES不列在INTRODUCTION之内,而独立列为一项。多采用开门见山,直接点出目的方式。常见的用语有:The(major main,overall,broad,primary…)objectives(purpose goal,aim…)of this study(research,article,paper,project,experiment),were(was)… ；The study aims at doing something…。例:The objec-tive of this article was to suggest that pulmonaryimpedance rheograph is one of the methods for differen-tial diagnosis of early pulmonale cor and hyperthyroi-dism。本文的目的在于提示肺阻抗图是早期肺心病和甲状腺机能亢进的鉴别诊断方法之一。

4、METHODS or EQUIPMENT AND TEST(EX-PERIMENT)PROCE DURI方法、设备和试验程序

这一部分内容须视论文的类别而有所不同,但就该题目而论,则多系试验研究和技术报告一类。还可以用以下名称等:TEST AND EQUIPMENT(试验与设备),MATERIALS AND METHODS(材料及方法),EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE(试验过程),DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENT(试验描述),或者只写PROCEEDURE(过程),及METHODS(方法),较常见的句式有:Sb or Sth was(were)tested at… ；Sb or Sth participated in this study；或者The equip-ment which was used(consisted of,constructed from,furnished to…by,…)is… .例:Three groups of sub-jects participated in this study:(a)18 patients(10 menand 8 women with a medianage of 46 year,range 24～69)with chronic renal failure with anuria…参加本研究的有:(a)18例无尿慢性肾衰竭患者,其中男性10人,女性8人,平均年龄为46岁,年龄范围为24～69岁… …。The test equipment which was used consisted of acupboard complete with temperature measuring trans-ducers and recording equipment.所有的试验装置由一个配有测温传感器和记录器的.小柜组成。

5、RESULTS AND DISCUSSION结果和讨论

这个项目是全文的重点,其篇幅约占整个文章的一半或三分之二。它将对研究、试验、观察等结果加以分析和讨论,其中包括曲线、图表和照片等。大都采用分题逐一讨论的方法。常用语有:The test(experi-mental)results presented(obtained)show(indicate,con-firm)…that… ；It should be noted that…等。例:Ourresults have shown that T-cell deplection iseffective inthe prevention of acute and chronic GVHD.我们的结果已经说明,T细胞缺失对预防GVHD有效。

6、CONCLUSION结论

其它的表达方法还有:SUMMARY AND CON-CLUSIONS(小结及结论),CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS(SUGGESTIONS)(结论与建议)。常用语有:From(On the basis of)… ,the fol-lowing conclusions can(may)be made(drawn,reached)…或者The following recommendations(SUGGES-TIONS…)may be made(PUT FORWARD)…。例:The following recommendations may be made for theimprovement of the method of this kind of operations…对这类手术方法的改进可作下述改进…

7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS感谢

这项的常用语是:We acknowledge with… ；Thisstudy was supported by… ,We thank…for… ；Thisstudy was supported grants from…。例:We wish tothank profeor for his valuable suggestionsand thank also for herassistance at the initial stage of this work and Ms,Be-better wilkerson for typing the manuscript.通常,thank和support均可用以人和单位,而前者多用于人,后者多用于单位。有时,在这一项之后还有一行内容:Correspondence should be addresed MRC Cancer Trials office,Medical ResearchCouncil Centre,Hills Road,Cambridge CB22 QH这是表示致函的地点和单位。

8、REFERENCES参考文献

参考文献的写法有多种,但都有一定格式。无论采用哪一种,前后要一致。众所周知,列出参考文献是为了查看或查证与文章叙述或引用部分有关的资料。通常的办法是在论文中的引用部分按出现的先后顺序编上号码。参考文献要按号码顺序排列。每一条书目要包拓以下几个内容:作者姓名、书名、出版者和出版年份、页数等。也可以不按文中引用先后编号,而按作者姓氏的字母顺序排列,而出版年份紧跟在姓名之后。例:

文章正文:The capillary tube is used in such appli-ances ashousehold refrigerauors,small freezers and roomair conditioners,usually up to three ton system[1].Cen-tral air conditioning systems insmall residence,small ice-making machins and small beverage cooler also use thecapillary is not practicle in large commercial-systems because of its lack of sensitivity to loadchanges。

如上所述,我们把参考的文献,按照作者的姓氏的字母排序,写在下面:(1978)Modern Refrigeration andAir Michael Wallace,et al.(eds)New Developments in University (1976)Selected Writings of MaxBlack in Modern Air-conditioning Engineering( ).Oxford University (1972a)Principles of York:McGra-wHill(1972)Commercialand Industrial Science,May1972,～68,(1972b)ibid,～74注意:(1)若文章选自一本论文集,则先写作者姓名、篇目,然后另起一句注明该文集的编辑者姓名及文集名称。如不另起一句,中间要用逗号。ed,eds分别为editor和editors的缩写。(2)作者姓名和书名一般不用逗号隔开。而书名和出版社之间用句号分开。每条书目的最后用逗号,也可不用。(3)出版年份指的是所引出书籍或文章的印刷年份,不是第一版的出版年份。(4)P、PP分别是page和pages的缩写,ibid意为“同上”。(5)若论文多次引出同一篇文章,则可以引文后面写上作者的姓名和文章、书籍的出版年份,并注上页次,前后用括号括上,如(Nelson,1972,)。如果出现引用同一作者,同一年份的几本着作,要在印刷年份加上a,b… ,以示区别,如(Nels on,1972a,),(Nelson,1972b,～68)。

9、APPENDIX附录、补遗

这一项包括LIST OF SYMBOLS AND DEFINI-TIONS(符号及定义表),NOME NCLATURE(技术术语表),等。如何用英语撰写医学论文,笔者认为,对很多作者来说,耗时最多的工作不是本文所谈及的,而应是扎扎实实地搞好平时的英语学习和阅读；加强文学修养及本专业知识的学习、提高和更新等。如果做好这些工作,用英语撰写医学论文,并且撰写较高水平论文的问题便会迎刃而解。

外国语学院英语论文格式规范(附样例) A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中,除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”）外国语学院 2001级英语教育1030120011XX XXX 指导老师：XXX（学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中）【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of ……（英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。）【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。）1. Introduction (顶格，除了第一个单词及专有名词外，其他单词首字母都不要大写；标题最后不用任何标点符号，上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符；夹注的标注法：出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系；注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号，时间、页码等的标注法；另外，汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现，不能出现汉语姓氏；夹注出现在标点符号之前)2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以（1），（2）…为序号排列，直至最后一个例子；而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)…3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese The characteristics of English idioms（正文章节序号编制：章的编号：1. ，2.， 3.，…；节的编号：…，…；小节的编号为：, …。小节以下层次，采用希腊数字加括号为序，如（i），（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号，如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格，小四号字，加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格，小四号字，不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行，最后不加任何标点符号） …. In conclusion, …. The characteristics of Chinese idioms …. Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it. …. The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms …(i) …. ….(ii) …. …. 4. Conclusion ….Bibliography (References) （小四号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号）Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981.常亮，“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》，1993，4：44。冯树健，“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》，1998，6：11。李光陵，“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》，2000，30：30。（论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序：尾注：按照编号顺序。夹注：英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献，各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序，不用单独加序号或编号；每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符；倍行距；另外，与文中的夹注一一对应；不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容）(以下内容单独一页)汉英习语的对比研究（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中）【摘要】汉英的习语问题是个既简单有复杂………………（中文摘要：上空二行；题目采用黑体五号字，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，缩进2个汉字字符，方括号中的“摘要”两个字之间空一格；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号，采用楷体五号字，不加粗，单倍行距；第二行起要顶格；字数约400字，约8-10行；）【关键词】习语；对比；英语；汉语（中文关键词：题目采用黑体五号字，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，缩进2个汉字字符；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号，采用楷体五号字，不加粗，单倍行距；各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后不空格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距）一、基本格式：论文只能打印在每页纸的一面上，不得打印在正反面上。论文纸的大小尺寸为A4纸打印。侧面装订。二、题名页：论文题名页上打印格式基本相近，中、英文对照，中文题目页在第一页，英文题目页在第二页。一般由顶部往下三分之一页处打印论文题目，论文题目都用大写字母，下隔八行打印论文调查者姓名、所属电大，再下隔八行视实际情况打上提交日期XX年XX月XX日以及课程名称：论文项目设计上述各项内容都应打印在论文题名页的中间部位。三、摘要及关键词页摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页，中、英文对照，中文题目页在上，英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用宋体，小四号。关键字题目部分采用宋体三号，加粗，关键字短语部分采用宋体，小四号。英文题目摘要采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。四、致谢页学员可以自选致谢页，一般不要求写中文。英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，正文部分采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。五、目录页英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，小标题部分统一采用Times New Roman字体，字号为三号，加粗。注意在右方注明对应的页号，中间虚线连接。六、正文页论文的正文需隔行打印，正文采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。大标题为Times New Roman字体，字号为三号、加粗字。副标题为Times New Roman字体，字号为三号、加粗。七、尾注、参考文献页与附录页尾注、参考文献页与附录页（大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗）正文部分如尾注、参考文献目录与附录可不必隔行打印，字体为Times New Roman小四。

Times New Roman 字体，倍行距，首行缩进2字符，