论文题目摘要英文翻译
论文的英文摘要注意事项如下：
英文摘要翻译一般应符合以下几点要求：目的、方法、结果和结论四要素应完整；逻辑关系应清晰，准确和恰当地运用词汇、语法和连词三种形式的语义连接；创新点应突出，应将创新点凝练，放在首句，进而符合英语的语言习惯，是原始创新还是改进，是机理方面还是方法的创新应给予明确。
简洁，尽量用短句，谓语动词应尽量靠近主语，突出主要的信息；规范，应选用标准的英语词汇，避免行话和俗语等不规范词汇；主题词英语标题和关键词中的一致。符合语法规则。
中文摘要一般无主语，一般的语言范式如介绍….、分析….、得出….，一个动词代表一个事件，选用他this paper为摘要的载体是，翻译方便，容易翻译成英文的焦点句，焦点在动词上，this paper 统领这个事件。
而用被动语态范式时，就变成了被介绍…、被分析…、被得出…,这样的缺点是，句子零散，多套主谓关系，而用this paper做主语时，只有一套主谓关系，科技英语的语用特点是，主语少，这样的表达客观、简洁、一目了然，动作的发出者最少得付出，得到最大的结果。
确定this paper 为主语后，选用一个动词能够体现所要表答的焦点，将介绍、分析和得出等动词转变成相应的动作名词，由所选定的动词统领这些抽象动作名词，实现一套主谓关系。
当以paper为主语时，谓语动词可以选用：deal with，be concerned with，highlight, investigate, stress, feature等，具体使用哪个动词取决于摘要所要表达的内容。
论文摘要体现了论文的关键核心内容，是论文翻译的重要内容。在翻译科技论文时，我们可以适当地使用被动语态，使整个文章更加客观。被动语态的表达方式可以扩大句子的信息量，突出相关的概念。同时，要注意论文涉及的关键词翻译要准确、经得起推敲。
Title: Study on Decisions and Skills of Construction Project Bid QuotationAbstract: Focusing on project bid, this article analyzes the decision methods and related factors, bidding risks and quoting skills. Describe advantages and disadvantages of different ways which are widely used in bidding quotation Words: Construction Project Bid, SkillsTitle: Study on how the alteration of construction affects the cost managementAbstract: Based on the clause of FID1C, this article defines the alteration of construction and explains the principals and methods of cost management in the alteration of construction according to the principals of justice and efficiency. With examples, this article also illustrates the background, principals and methods in the determination of project price alteration based on the existence or absence of the pricing items in Words: Alteration of Construction, Cost Management, FIDIC ClauseTitle: Risk Theories of Real Estate InvestmentAbstract: From the point of real estate investment, this article illustrates the definition of real estate risks and identifies the resources of real estate risks. According to the domestic economical policies and the corresponding methods and skills based on the risk categories of real estate investment, this article analyzes the current investment risks of real estate and aims to minimize the risks in real estate Words: Real Estate, Risks
..这工作。还是自己做吧。。
论文摘要题目翻译成英文
In this paper, ordinary differential equations courses, to explore how to realize "high-early binding", and mathematics in secondary schools in the basis of ordinary differential equations, as well as ordinary differential equations of the guiding role of mathematics in secondary schools to do some discussion, for systems of ordinary differential equations of high under the mathematical point of view to provide some secondary words, Ordinary Differential Equations; School Mathematics; combination of high early
论文摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，要求扼要地说明研究工作的目的、研究方法和最终结论等，重点是结论，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要。
中文名
论文摘要
外文名
abstract
字 数
一般为正文字数10%左右
语 言
一般中文与英文并存
主要组成
目的 方法 结果 结论
论文摘要体现了论文的关键核心内容，是论文翻译的重要内容。在翻译科技论文时，我们可以适当地使用被动语态，使整个文章更加客观。被动语态的表达方式可以扩大句子的信息量，突出相关的概念。同时，要注意论文涉及的关键词翻译要准确、经得起推敲。
根据你的标题内容翻译如下： City pipe system and its reform City pipe system China's traditional planned economy to a socialist market economy in the process of a product in a particular historical period, plays a certain positive effects, as China's political, economic and social reform and development, has emerged City pipe system obvious disadvantages. At present, many parts of the reform of China's successful experience in practice shows that the actual combination of the local socio-economic development, the establishment of provincial cities and counties control system, through the County to expand its powers, the way cities and counties under divided rule, and gradually virtual control of the city of the county, is to promote economic development and deepening the reform of local administration of important trends. This article intends to discuss the source City pipe system, historical role and the drawbacks of starting some of China's provinces by the provincial case-control analysis of the reform of the county to sum up the experience, and explore feasible ways to reform. 谢谢
abstracts of original articles 可以表示“论文摘要”的意思
论文题目摘要翻译
在2010版的word内就有这个功能。（选中要翻译的文字，点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项，点击“翻译”，选择英文翻译，再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具，直接进行翻译就搞定了。我帮你翻：The relationship between accounting regulation and tax law issues is a complex issue, market-oriented economic development in the course of the difference between the two will gradually have an adverse impact on economic development, how to better deal with the differences between the two has become China's economy reform process of the outstanding issues.。Differences in accounting standards and tax laws, and in the accounting and property tax measures taken by the different accounting and tax law, "the authenticity of the principle of" different, accounting "sound principle" and tax "payments to determine" the difference in accounting "importance of the principles "and tax" legal principle "and the accounting and tax 。differences on the" substance over form "understanding and implementation differen。Differences between accounting and tax accounting exist mainly due to the legislative goals and purposes of various tax, corporate accounting must adhere to the "accrual" basis, the enterprise must consider the International Accounting Standards, and economic globalization. Tax laws should be based on the provisions of this tax adjustmentces.
写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。
介绍背景知识时，要用一般现在时，例如：
Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.
叙述研究现状时，也可以用一般现在时，例如：
This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.
叙述研究结果时，大多数用一般过去时，例如：
Our text achieved the possibility above.
论文摘要体现了论文的关键核心内容，是论文翻译的重要内容。在翻译科技论文时，我们可以适当地使用被动语态，使整个文章更加客观。被动语态的表达方式可以扩大句子的信息量，突出相关的概念。同时，要注意论文涉及的关键词翻译要准确、经得起推敲。
论文摘要翻译成英文
写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。
介绍背景知识时，要用一般现在时，例如：
Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.
语音识别是将语音转换成文本的任务。
叙述研究现状时，也可以用一般现在时，例如：
This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.
本文旨在分析时代对企业文化的影响，并对企业文化建设提出建议。
叙述研究结果时，大多数用一般过去时，例如：
Our text achieved the possibility above.
我们的文本实现了上述可能性。
在2010版的word内就有这个功能。（选中要翻译的文字，点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项，点击“翻译”，选择英文翻译，再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具，直接进行翻译就搞定了。我帮你翻：The relationship between accounting regulation and tax law issues is a complex issue, market-oriented economic development in the course of the difference between the two will gradually have an adverse impact on economic development, how to better deal with the differences between the two has become China's economy reform process of the outstanding issues.。Differences in accounting standards and tax laws, and in the accounting and property tax measures taken by the different accounting and tax law, "the authenticity of the principle of" different, accounting "sound principle" and tax "payments to determine" the difference in accounting "importance of the principles "and tax" legal principle "and the accounting and tax 。differences on the" substance over form "understanding and implementation differen。Differences between accounting and tax accounting exist mainly due to the legislative goals and purposes of various tax, corporate accounting must adhere to the "accrual" basis, the enterprise must consider the International Accounting Standards, and economic globalization. Tax laws should be based on the provisions of this tax adjustmentces.
1、首先论文摘要翻译成英文可以借助一些翻译软件。2、其次把英文摘要写好了以后上传至翻译软件中。3、最后自己对照翻译后的内容进行修改即可。
写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。
介绍背景知识时，要用一般现在时，例如：
Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.
叙述研究现状时，也可以用一般现在时，例如：
This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.
叙述研究结果时，大多数用一般过去时，例如：
Our text achieved the possibility above.
论文摘要英文翻译吗
In this paper, ordinary differential equations courses, to explore how to realize "high-early binding", and mathematics in secondary schools in the basis of ordinary differential equations, as well as ordinary differential equations of the guiding role of mathematics in secondary schools to do some discussion, for systems of ordinary differential equations of high under the mathematical point of view to provide some secondary words, Ordinary Differential Equations; School Mathematics; combination of high early
论文摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，要求扼要地说明研究工作的目的、研究方法和最终结论等，重点是结论，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要。
中文名
论文摘要
外文名
abstract
字 数
一般为正文字数10%左右
语 言
一般中文与英文并存
主要组成
目的 方法 结果 结论
论文通常都包括中文摘要和英文摘要这两个部分。可以用百度翻译、有道翻译这些去翻译。但毕竟不是人工翻译会有瑕疵。出现用词错误或者语法错误都是很常见的。你要翻译的中文字数越多，出错的概率越大。所以想要你的论文质量好一点的话，还是要靠人力。你可以自己研究一下语法用词，尝试自己去翻译。或者请教老师也可以。翻译达人，论文翻译，润色。论文写好了之后要反复去阅读修改，把错的地方找出来。一份耕耘一份收获，要多下点功夫。
不说软件，就说人翻的。非生物类专业的让tb翻译，太坑了，后面找的北京译顶科技才搞定，一分钱一分货。
在2010版的word内就有这个功能。（选中要翻译的文字，点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项，点击“翻译”，选择英文翻译，再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具，直接进行翻译就搞定了。