英国商科论文提纲模板
五段式提纲在英国论文中使用非常的频繁。Five-Paragraph Essay是什么？Five-Paragraph Essay也是就我们常说的五段式论文，这种论文的写作会显得非常的简易，但是想要写出一篇令人满意的五段式英语论文却没有那么容易，这需要我们学会一定的写作方法和技巧，那么五段式英文论文应该怎么写呢？一般来说，我们可以从论文的提纲出发来写出五段式的outline，这样能够更好地帮助我们写好五段式论文，下面让我们一起来看看五段式英文论文的提纲应该怎么写吧！五段式论文outline的格式毫无疑问，五段式的论文通常都是五个段落，而对于每个段落的内容分配，大家可以参考下面的例子：段落1：令人眼前一亮的introduction和一个涵盖我们论文所有重点的these statement；段落2：观点A + 3个支持论据；段落3：观点B + 3个支持论据；段落4：观点C + 3个支持论据；段落5：结尾总结，与我们的these statement和论据相呼应。现在，相信大家对五段式essay和其outline有一个框架上的大致了解了，那么，下面讲到的内容会让大家书写五段式outline时更加容易。写好五段式essay与outline的7个步骤：Step 1：确定我们论文的主题（topic）通常，我们的老师在给我们留一篇五段式的论文时也会一并给到我们论文的topic。对此51due的建议是大家的introduction要遵从老师给的topic，而在进行整体写作时，也需时刻follow老师给我们的topic。举个例子，老师给我们的topic通常会是下面这样的：“What are the arguments for or against writing a 5-paragraph essay? Should teachers continue requesting this writing method from students?”Step 2：确定我们的立场大家要从中找到自己的立场，当我们确定自己的立场后，就要从学校的资料库或者网上材料中找到足够的论据来支持自己的论点。要注意的是，我们在写essay之前一定要确认自己的立场（比如我们是否同意这个观点，一定是“是”或者“否”，或者一定从topic的两个观点中选出其中一个），否则，我们的论文将无法继续。这里51due要借用下上面给出的例子，例如选取的观点是“against the 5-paragraph writing。”Step 3：写出一个清晰的thesis statement依然借用上面的例子，51due刚才所选择的观点是“against the 5-paragraph writing。”，因此，我们的thesis statement必然是“Teachers should stop teaching students to write 5-paragraph essays.”。在写thesis statement时，我们的thesis需明确且清晰。此外，“should”这个词在thesis statement中的使用会使句子更加有力度。比如在51due的thesis里，“Teachers should stop teaching students to write 5-paragraph essays”要比“5-paragraph essay are boring”或类似的句子更加能明确51due的立场，也更有力。Step 4：用三个论点来强化我们的thesis现在我们需要三个论点来支撑我们的thesis，还是借用上面的例子，51due的三个论点如下：论点A：The 5-paragraph essay is too basic.论点B：There are myriad other ways to write essays, many of which are more thought-provoking and creative than the 5-paragraph essay.论点C： The 5-paragraph essay does not allow for analytical thinking, rather, it confines students to following a restrictive 5：给我们的每个论点找出三个论据我们的论据需要包括相应的证明、数据或者事实根据。用我们上面的论点A来做例子：论点A：The 5-paragraph essay is too basicSupport 1A:Chicago teacher Ray Salazar says, “The five-paragraph essay is rudimentary, unengaging, and useless.”Support 1B:Elizabeth Guzik of California State University, Long Beach says, “The five paragraph essay encourages students to engage only on the surface level without attaining the level of cogency demanded by college writing.”Support 1C:According to an article in Education Week, “There is a consensus among college writing professors that ‘students are coming [to college] prepared to do five-paragraph themes and arguments but [are] radically unprepared in thinking analytically.’”这里需要注意的是，在五段式文章的写作中，大家的每个论点最好都要有3个论据的支持，也就是说，我们的文章中总共有3个论点、9个论据。Step 6：扩展我们的outline首先，用一个“hook”来点亮我们的“introduction”部分，当大家确定自己的thesis和自己的论点论据之后，便可以开始扩展自己的五段式outline的整体构架了。首先，从大家的“introduction”部分开始，不过大家开始时需要用一个“hook”来点亮读者的眼睛。例如，对于51due的these来说，51due的hook可以是下面这样的：“English teachers across the nation have been teaching students to become ineffective writers.”这句话在51due的整体文章中就像是一个大胆的声明，可以起到鼓励51due文章的读者继续阅读下文来找出为何我会这样说的原因。尤其是当大家的读者恰恰是自己的英语老师时，他会更加愿意从大家的essay中发现一个让他眼前一亮的“hook”。Step 7：扩展自己的结尾段当大家有了整体的“outline”(大纲)之后，继续扩展自己结尾段的“conclusion”部分会变得相对容易。关于扩展结尾总结段，大家第一件需要注意的事情就是不要使用和前面，尤其是和thesis重复的词句来进行概括。在这一段里，大家需要使用不同的词来进行总结，并与前文相呼应。以51due上面的例子来说，如果51due要为自己的整个五段式论文做最后的总结，也许51due会这样来写：“Teachers should teach other methods of essay writing that help students stay organized and also allow them to think analytically.”
英语毕业论文提纲模板
紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束，毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板，希望能够帮助到大家。
Acknowledgements 4-6
Contents 6-10
List of Figures 10-12
List of Tables 12-20
Abstract 20-22
摘要 23-25
Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32
Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29
Significance of the study 29-30
Organization of the study 30-31
A note on terminology 31-32
Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51
T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35
Defining coherence 32-33
T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42
T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42
T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44
The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47
Training in T/TP 47-49
Summary 49-51
Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70
Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55
Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53
Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54
Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55
Theme and thematic progression 55-70
Theme 56-62
Thematic progression 62-70
Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88
The participants and the educational context 70-73
Background of the participants and the participating school 70
The allocation of participants to the training 70-71
The sample sizes 71-72
The pilot study 72-73
The interventional procedures 73-74
The questionnaire 74-75
The training 75-80
Considerations behind the training 75-76
The training material 76-79
The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80
Data analysis 80-86
Analysis of the writing 80-86
Analysis of the questionnaire 86
Ethical considerations 86-88
Informed consent 86-87
Anonymity 87
Harm 87-88
Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115
Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100
Interpersonal Themes 100-102
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107
Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110
Summary 110-115
Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137
Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126
Interpersonal Themes 126-129
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131
Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132
Summary 132-137
Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155
Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145
Interpersonal Themes 145-147
Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149
Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150
Summary 150-155
Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165
Findings from closed questions 155-160
EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157
EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158
EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159
EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160
Findings from open questions 160-164
The changes that occurred 161-162
The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163
The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163
EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164
Summary 164-165
Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195
Findings with regard to research questions 165-187
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181
Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187
Positioning the study within the literature 187-190
T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189
Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190
Implications 190-194
Pedagogical implication 190-193
Methodological implication 193-194
Limitations 194-195
Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200
Summary 195-197
Putting everything together 197-199
Suggestions for future work 199-200
Notes 200-202
References 202-214
Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215
Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217
Appendix 3: Training material 217-229
Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237
Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238
Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239
Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239
中文摘要 3-4
ABSTRACT 4
Chapter One Introduction 7-10
Motivation of the present study 7-8
Significance of this study 8
Composition of this thesis 8-10
Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19
Language production 10-14
L1 Production 10-11
L2 Production 11-12
Dimensions of language production 12-14
Theories on oral output 14-15
Skehan’s dual-model system 14
Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15
Task Repetition 15-17
Task 15-16
Task repetition 16-17
Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19
CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25
Research justification and questions 19
Hypothesis 19-20
Methods 20-25
Participants 20-21
Material 21
Research design 21-23
Measures 23-25
Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41
Results and Analysis 25-34
Quantitative analysis 25-27
Qualitative analysis 27-34
Discussion 34-41
Fluency 34-36
Complexity 36-38
Accuracy 38-39
interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41
Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44
Conclusion and implication 41-43
Limitations and recommendations 43-44
Acknowledgements 44-45
References 45-49
Appendixes 49-54
A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50
B. The same-content task 50-51
C. The different-content task 51-52
D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53
E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54
F. Sample of writing repetition task 54
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Research Background
Significance of the Study
Research Goals and Questions
Data Collection and Methodology
Analysis Procedures
Organization of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Introduction to Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad
Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home
Studies on Personal Statements
Introduction to Personal Statement
Summary
Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
An Overview of Attitude System
Affect Resources
Judgment Resources
Social Esteem
Social Sanction
Appreciation Resources
Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Summary
Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies
Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study
References
Acknowledgements
商务英语论文提纲格式
无论是在学习还是在工作中，大家都跟论文打过交道吧，通过论文写作可以培养我们的科学研究能力。相信写论文是一个让许多人都头痛的问题，以下是我精心整理的商务英语论文提纲格式，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
一、论文写作目的：
毕业论文是商务英语专业教学计划的最后一个环节，也是对学生2年半学期各门课程学习效果的检查.其主要目的是：
1、培养学生的英语阅读、写作能力及运用商务知识分析问题和解决问题的能力，达到学以致用的目的。
2、检查学生对所学专业理论知识和基本技能的掌握程度，并将论文成绩作为学生能否毕业的主要依据之一。
3、训练学生搜集运用资料的技能，同时培养学生理论联系实际，增强独立思考问题和解决问题的能力。
二、论文写作要求 ：
1、以英文/汉语完成论文写作。
2、字数要求不低于3000个单词或字,统一采用A4(210x297mm)页面复印纸单面打印.其中上边距，下面距,左边距，右边距，页眉页脚装订线.字间距为标准，行间距为倍行距.页眉内统一为：用5号宋体。
商务英语论文题目
商务英语谈判书面文本的批评性话语分析
真实的听力材料在中国高职院校英语课堂的使用研究
ESP理论对商务汉语的启示
从目的论角度分析英汉会计术语误译
合作原则在传递积极和消极信息英语商务信函中的应用
从功能对等理论看英语商务合同中长句的翻译
英语商务信函中模糊语的顺应性分析
高职商务英语教学中的文化教学
2009MT专业硕士案例分析及实践报告
从人际功能视角分析英文索赔信函中的情态
基于需求分析的高职商务英语专业课程设置研究
功能翻译理论视角下的商务英语翻译研究
从跨文化视角论商务口译中的文化差异及其策略
基于任务的合作学习模式在职院商务英语教学中的应用研究 韩礼德情态语系统培训与商务英语写作成绩的归因调查
交互式教学法对不同性格类型英语学习者阅读焦虑影响的研究
商务英语索赔信函的人际意义研究
合作学习模式在商务汉语教学中的尝试
商务英语论文
一、商务英语翻译的特点
1.商务英语词汇具有较强的专业性
由于商务英语涉及到各个领域，又具有不同的语言环境，使商务英语翻译需要对专业词汇进行精准的运用，在翻译工作中涉及到大量的商务英语专用词汇、具有商务英语含义的普通词汇和商务新词缩略词等。商务英语的专业词汇量较大，且都带有词义比较专一的特点。例如：free on board （离岸价格），shipment tracking（货物跟踪） 等，这就要求翻译人员要掌握大量的专业词汇和民族、地理环境、风土人情、历史习俗等方面的文化差异，要掌握和了解平时较熟悉的词语在特定商务活动中的特定含义，尽量减少在商务英语翻译工作中出现的错误。例如：代表流行的、通俗的、受欢迎的含义的popular一词，在商务英语的语言环境下，就应该翻译成“畅销”一词更为适合。
2.商务英语语句简洁得体
在国际商务贸易交流活动中是非常讲究时间和效率的，双方的合作交流活动在注重商务礼仪的前提下，商务英语翻译必须要做到简洁得体、能够熟练准确地表达人们要表达的内容，准确无误地接收到对方表达的正确意思，并简洁地用语言和文字表述出来。为了较为准确地、简洁地表述所要陈述的内容，在国际商务贸易交流活动中经常使用被动语态和祈使句、非谓语动词、情态动词等。
3.商务英语术语意义具体完整
由于世界各国存在语言、民族、地理环境、风土人情、历史习俗等方面的文化差异，在国际贸易的商务交流活动中，要求商务英语翻译要能够准确熟练地掌握和运用专业术语，最大限度地保证商务活动翻译内容的准确性，要结合不同地区的民族、地理环境、风土人情、历史习俗等方面的文化差异，要把专业术语的意义表述得具体完整，使听者能够准确无误地接受到对方所表述的完整意思，确保商务活动公平、快捷、有序的开展。
二、商务英语翻译存在的主要问题
1.受文化差异影响导致语用精确性较差
由于受各国文化差异的影响，世界上各个国家、各个民族的语言表达习惯和词汇体系都是不同的，汉语和英语在语言表达习惯和词汇体系方面存在着较大的差别。在国际贸易的商务活动中，双方交流人员在邀请、称呼、问候等环节的语言交流都存在差异。例如，当你成功地帮助了一个人或完成一项艰巨的任务，对方向你表示感谢时，中国人经常回答“不用谢”或“不客气”,但在西方的英语中却使用“you are welcome”来回答。中国作为古老的文明国家，人们受古代传统的文化影响较深，在语言交流时，经常表现出谦虚、委婉，经常使用一些模糊性词语来表达要说的意思，这就造成了在国际贸易的商务活动中由于语用精确性较差，直接影响到我们所要表达的真实意思。
2.词汇的翻译缺乏准确性
由于受东西方文化较大差异的.影响，一些英语在翻译成汉语时很难表达出英语的完整含义，而一些汉语在翻译成英语时也出现了很难表达出汉语的完整意思，造成了词汇在翻译时缺乏准确性的这一现实问题。例如，英语“desk copy”一词，原始的完整的意思是“向作者赠送样书，表示感谢”,而翻译成中文后，就直译成“赠书”,没能完全表达出该词汇的完整意思。在国际贸易的商务英语翻译中，还经常会遇到中英文都有的单词，但由于历史文化的不同，词语在表达意思上却存在较大的差别，给翻译工作造成较大的困难。例如，“龙”是中华民族精神的象征，它代表着权力、力量和吉祥，古代皇帝被称之为“真龙天子”,中华民族被称之为“炎黄子孙、龙的传人”.把“龙”译成英语就是“dragon”,而“dragon”在英语中表示恐怖的妖怪和怪物，是贬义词。
3.句式的翻译经常出现偏差和错位
中华民族是东方文化的代表，东方文化非常注重形象思维，而西方国家则比较注重抽象思维，东西方文化的差异直接造成了英语句式翻译会经常出现偏差和错位。英语句式的逻辑性较强，重视句式的完整性，使用的人称非常少，在客观事物的描述上非常重视，这就使我们在商务英语翻译时会经常看到大量的被动句式。汉语语句的特点是信息表达的完整性，讲究悟性和意会，对语法的应用较少。由于英语和汉语历史文化背景的不同，在商务英语翻译时，句式的翻译经常会出现偏差和错位，大大增加了商务英语翻译的难度。
三、商务英语翻译的有效对策
1.注重培养商务英语翻译跨文化翻译的意识
由于世界各国存在语言、民族、地理环境、风土人情、历史习俗等方面的文化差异，有些我们了解掌握，有些我们并不了解，这就造成了由于跨文化因素的影响，使我们要表达的意思在另一种文化背景下翻译出来的结果却完全不同，造成了相互的矛盾，使商业活动无法正常地开展，制约了国际贸易的发展。因此，只有正确了解和充分掌握交际双方的历史文化背景和风俗习惯，了解他们的价值观和人生观，才能把要表达的意思完整地翻译出来。只有注重培养商务英语翻译跨文化翻译的意识，才能较好地解决商务英语翻译中跨文化交际中出现的问题，实现商务英语翻译的准确性，有效地促进我国国际贸易的健康、快速发展，最终实现我国国际贸易可持续发展的良性循环。
2.加强商务英语翻译的规范和一致性
商务英语翻译大多数涉及到的都是一些文书和专业性较强的文件等，这就需要句式、语用、词汇等的忠实完整和简洁得体，必须确保翻译内容的准确性和真实性，翻译者在翻译时必须遵循忠实于原文、行文规范一致、语体相当和灵活转化等原则。加强商务英语翻译的规范和一致性，可以使翻译者在翻译过程中忠实于原文，准确地将原文的意思用译文语言简洁地表述出来，并符合商务文书的语言规范和行文规范，使读者能够准确理解原文的意思。
3.有效提升专业术语的驾驭能力
商务英语翻译的专业性强，与普通英语翻译有着较大的区别。商务英语翻译在熟练掌握常用词的基础上，必须还要熟练掌握自己涉及到的相关领域的数量可观的专业词汇，具有非常强的专业性，涉及的领域较广。为了准确地翻译各种文件，翻译者必须还要掌握相关国家、民族的历史文化背景和风俗习惯等。商务英语翻译还要熟练掌握和运用商务英语翻译的技巧和商务英语的语言特点等，避免出现专业术语普通化，失去了专业术语要表达的真实含义。因此，要想提高商务英语的翻译质量，翻译者必须具备良好的专业知识，了解和掌握世界各国的历史文化差异和民族风俗等，增强跨文化意识，才能增加翻译的准确性，才能有效提升专业术语的驾驭能力。
4.重视商务英语翻译中的跨文化元素
作为世界第二大经济体的中国，与世界经济的融合发展已经是我国经济赖以生存和发展的基石，随着我国和世界各国经济交往的增多，商务英语方面的外来词汇也越来越多，我国的词语推广到世界的需求也越来越强烈，重视商务英语翻译中的跨文化元素，可以有效地使中西文化进行很好的交流和融合。例如，我国知名品牌天津“狗不理”包子，在走向世界时选用了“Go Believe”作为英文商标，成功地在全世界进行了推广，“Go Believe”在发音上不仅和“狗不理”高度契合，并且使西方国家的民众可以产生值得信赖的感觉。又如，世界著名的服装品牌“Gold lion”打入我国市场时，巧妙地采用了译音的手法，抓住了中国人追求奢华和图吉利的心理，将其直译为“金狮”,译音成“金利来”,成功地占领了中国市场，受到广大中国消费者的喜爱。
参考文献:
[1]张志华.跨文化视角下商务英语翻译研究[J].兰州教育学院学报,2014(8):146-147.
[2]刘洪武.浅谈商务英语词汇的特点及其翻译[J].中国商界,2010(10):272.
[3]周念.商务英语翻译中错译的主要原因探究[J].湖南工业职业技术学院学报,2008(4):111-113.
[4]芦文辉.商务英语翻译中出现的问题及应对策略[J].吕梁学院学报,2016(3):31-33.
[5]刘春环.商务英语的语言特点及翻译[J].文教资料,2006(6):134-135.
商法本科论文提纲模板
毕业论文提纲是学生在正式开始毕业论文写作之前提交给指导教师的一份报告，用以体现论文基本观点和论文总体结构。一般来说，毕业论文提纲分以下两个部分：一、毕业论文提纲结构及标准格式本科毕业论文提纲包括（按顺序）：封面、内容摘要及关键词、提纲内容等三部分。（一）毕业论文提纲封面、内容摘要及关键词（二）毕业论文提纲内容1. 毕业论文提纲结构说明：论文提纲要求至少列出论文的章、节、目三级标题，用以反映论文的结构框架和逻辑层次；此外，论文提纲的各级标题后都应有简洁的.文字陈述观点，必须准确、清楚、合理地表达其涵盖的内容。2. 毕业论文提纲格式要求（1）毕业论文提纲提纲内容文字。（2）毕业论文提纲内容标题：提纲一级、二级、三级及以下标题格式要求。二、毕业论文提纲其他格式要求。关于纸型及页边距、版式与用字、标点符号、计量单位、页码等格式要求，请参照《理论研究型毕业论文写作规范》中相应内容的具体要求，其中提纲内容页码的编排参照正文页码的编排要求。论文提纲的写作标准·页码：封面不编页。·从目录开始编页，目录使用阿拉伯数字编码，页码编号要求居中。；·用A4纸单面打印。上、下各为,左右边距为2cm；装订线为1cm。·对页眉没有固定要求。·字体设置说明·一级标题使用“宋体、三号、加粗”·二级标题使用“宋体、四号、加粗”·三级标题使用“宋体、小四号、加粗”·四级标题使用“宋体、小四号”·建议标题最好不要超过三级，否则适得其反，格式太乱。·正文一律使用“宋体、小四号字，行间距为倍。
论文提纲就是论文的框架、结构，是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。便于作者有条理地安排材料、展开论证。本科论文的提纲结构：一、中英文摘要二、绪论（前言）1、研究背景2、研究目的和意义3、国内外研究综述4、研究方法三、理论概述与文献概述1、论文用到的相关概念2、相关理论概述四、现状，对研究问题现状进行分析总结（文字描述及数据分析）五、根据现状提出存在的问题及原因分析（列出123）六、对策与建议，针对上面提出的问题提出解决政策，一 一对应进行解决（列出123）。七、结论
具体的范文模板链接：
本科毕业论文提纲模板
一、毕业论文提纲的要求：
(1)要展现论文的框架结构，体现论文的总体思路及逻辑顺序。
(2)列出论文的详细提纲，包括三级层次目录和各层次的论点，最好能把主要观点、论证思路和典型材料列出来。
二、本科毕业论文提纲模板
【内容摘要】
在经济全球化的当今时代，国际货代公司成为国内商家成功与世界接轨的重要伙伴之一。在今年世博会下中国的进出口状况必然有着良好的发展趋势，而苏州物流中心货运公司怎样抓住机遇得到进一步发展，很有必要对货代公司的整个工作流程进行评估，抓住重点进行改善，报关实务操作将是以整个流程的重中之重来对待，提高报关工作效率，加速进出口货物在国家海关的监督下得到成功的放行。本人将通过自己的实践对苏州物流中心国际货代公司的报关实务流程的各个环节进行调查分析，以及和其他企业进行比较，分析了苏州物流中心国际货运有限公司报关过程中存在的问题，并提出了相应的对策。
【关键词】
报关实务;流程 ;问题
一、苏州物流中心国际货运有限公司简介
二、苏州物流中心整个服务流程概况
(一)先锋部队:业务部——攻入市场，寻求客户
(二)得力助手:操作部——提供最佳航线资源,完美订舱
(三)最佳后卫:报关部——护送货物成功进出关口
(四)后勤部队:运输部、财务部——确保公司高速运转
三、苏州物流中心报关实务的具体操作流程现状
(一)一般进出口货物的报关操作流程
(二)特殊情况下的报关操作简述
四、目前在报关操作流程中依然存在的主要问题
(一)公司职员跳槽现象严重，人员流动性大
(二) 报关专业人才匮乏，从业人员业务技能参差不齐
(三) 缺乏高效的`报关运作系统
(四)沟通交流不够顺畅
(五)“新鲜血液”无专业化培训
五、改进问题的建设性措施
(一)完善的奖罚机制和人员管理制度
(二)加强全能型人才的培养
(三)采用先进的报关运作系统
(四)加强与企业、海关的交流
(五)优化“资源”利用，一对一的强化训练
六、小结
参考文献
[1] 苏州工业园区海关编著:《报关实务一本通》，中国海关出版社 ，2008年 1月 。
[2] 海关总署报关员资格考试教材编委会:《报关员资格全国统一考试教材》，北京中国海关出版社，2009年7月。
[3] 徐伟:《报关实务》，北京.中国对外经济贸易出版社，2006年2月。
[4] 温耀庆、鲁丹萍:《商检与报关实务》，清华大学出版社，2007年6月。
[5] 张兵：《进出口报关实务》，清华大学出版社，2008年7月。
论文提纲英语模板
英语毕业论文提纲模板
紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束，毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板，希望能够帮助到大家。
Acknowledgements 4-6
Contents 6-10
List of Figures 10-12
List of Tables 12-20
Abstract 20-22
摘要 23-25
Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32
Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29
Significance of the study 29-30
Organization of the study 30-31
A note on terminology 31-32
Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51
T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35
Defining coherence 32-33
T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42
T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42
T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44
The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47
Training in T/TP 47-49
Summary 49-51
Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70
Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55
Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53
Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54
Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55
Theme and thematic progression 55-70
Theme 56-62
Thematic progression 62-70
Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88
The participants and the educational context 70-73
Background of the participants and the participating school 70
The allocation of participants to the training 70-71
The sample sizes 71-72
The pilot study 72-73
The interventional procedures 73-74
The questionnaire 74-75
The training 75-80
Considerations behind the training 75-76
The training material 76-79
The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80
Data analysis 80-86
Analysis of the writing 80-86
Analysis of the questionnaire 86
Ethical considerations 86-88
Informed consent 86-87
Anonymity 87
Harm 87-88
Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115
Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100
Interpersonal Themes 100-102
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107
Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110
Summary 110-115
Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137
Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126
Interpersonal Themes 126-129
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131
Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132
Summary 132-137
Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155
Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145
Interpersonal Themes 145-147
Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149
Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150
Summary 150-155
Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165
Findings from closed questions 155-160
EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157
EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158
EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159
EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160
Findings from open questions 160-164
The changes that occurred 161-162
The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163
The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163
EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164
Summary 164-165
Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195
Findings with regard to research questions 165-187
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181
Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187
Positioning the study within the literature 187-190
T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189
Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190
Implications 190-194
Pedagogical implication 190-193
Methodological implication 193-194
Limitations 194-195
Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200
Summary 195-197
Putting everything together 197-199
Suggestions for future work 199-200
Notes 200-202
References 202-214
Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215
Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217
Appendix 3: Training material 217-229
Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237
Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238
Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239
Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239
中文摘要 3-4
ABSTRACT 4
Chapter One Introduction 7-10
Motivation of the present study 7-8
Significance of this study 8
Composition of this thesis 8-10
Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19
Language production 10-14
L1 Production 10-11
L2 Production 11-12
Dimensions of language production 12-14
Theories on oral output 14-15
Skehan’s dual-model system 14
Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15
Task Repetition 15-17
Task 15-16
Task repetition 16-17
Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19
CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25
Research justification and questions 19
Hypothesis 19-20
Methods 20-25
Participants 20-21
Material 21
Research design 21-23
Measures 23-25
Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41
Results and Analysis 25-34
Quantitative analysis 25-27
Qualitative analysis 27-34
Discussion 34-41
Fluency 34-36
Complexity 36-38
Accuracy 38-39
interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41
Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44
Conclusion and implication 41-43
Limitations and recommendations 43-44
Acknowledgements 44-45
References 45-49
Appendixes 49-54
A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50
B. The same-content task 50-51
C. The different-content task 51-52
D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53
E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54
F. Sample of writing repetition task 54
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Research Background
Significance of the Study
Research Goals and Questions
Data Collection and Methodology
Analysis Procedures
Organization of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Introduction to Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad
Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home
Studies on Personal Statements
Introduction to Personal Statement
Summary
Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
An Overview of Attitude System
Affect Resources
Judgment Resources
Social Esteem
Social Sanction
Appreciation Resources
Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Summary
Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies
Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study
References
Acknowledgements
有关英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容，下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板，希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
商务英语毕业论文提纲模板范文
开题报告是我们在完成文献调研后写成的关于学位论文选题与如何实施的论述性报告。下文是我为大家整理的关于商务英语毕业论文的开题报告的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!
以英语广告语为例
一、 课题背景
当今广告已成为我们生活不可或缺的一部分。我们对于中文广告词或许很了解，但用英文说出广告词却有些难度，同样让你看着英文广告词说中文广告词也是有难度的。本文针对这些问题，从词汇、句法、修辞三方面介绍了广告英语的语言特点，使读者对英语广告的中文含义有更好的、更深的了解;并通过实例分析介绍了广告英语翻译的方法和策略，使读者在了解广告词的同时，能够自己翻译广告词的意思。
二、 毕业设计方案或毕业论文研究方案
本文以英语广告语为对象，从而总结出广告语的创新与否对人们的影响以及广告的重要性。在这个研究目标的指向下，本文采取了理论与文本分析相结合的方法，在进行文献分析总结代写硕士论文前人研究经验的基础上，对各类创意广告语的使用技巧进行详细的文本分析。
目前我已收集了大量的相关信息，以及查阅了很多关于广告英语的资料，所以论文的大致思路已定，提纲如下：
浅论广告英语语言特点及翻译策略
1 英语广告的语言特点
英语广告的词汇特点
使用形容词的比较级和最高级
使用简单动词和口语词汇
使用错别字和杜撰新词
英语的句法特征
使用短语代替整句
使用简单句和省略句
使用祈使句
使用第一、第二人称
英语广告的修辞特征
比喻
排比
拟人
对比
仿拟
押韵
2 英语广告的翻译策略
英语广告的翻译方法
直译
意译
套译
再创型翻译
英语广告的翻译原则
功能定位翻译
语言审美性翻译
文化矫正性翻译
三、毕业设计(论文)预期成果及创新
本文的预期成果是通过分析资料信息，研究广告英语语言特点及翻译策略，以推进大学生对广告英语的认知及翻译能力。从词汇、句法及修辞三方面介绍英语广告的语言特征，并通过实例分析介绍了英语广告翻译的技巧、策略与原则。透彻地了解广告产品和广告语篇的内容及其艺术形式，遵循英汉两种不同语言的特点和表达习惯。
创新点：探索和研究了广告英语语言特点及其对大学生翻译英语广告的影响。
一、 选题的背景与意义：
(一)课题研究来源
在考研过程中遇到类型相关的题目，本人很感兴趣，于是确定选择该题。
(二)课题研究的目的
本文通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义，来叙述《呼啸山庄》中文明与自然的冲突。
(三)课题研究的意义
艾米莉·勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期着名小说家和作家，是着名的勃朗特姐妹之一， 也是三姐妹中最具天赋的一个。她一生只写了一部小说《呼啸山庄》，但是这部伟大的作品却使她扬名于世。通过《呼啸山庄》，艾米莉·勃朗特以维多利亚时代为背景，通过写两个截然不同的家族，三代人之间的爱恨情仇，充分表现了维多利亚时期文明和自然之间的冲突以及怎样反映了艾米莉·勃朗特对自然的偏爱。小说中自然和文明冲突不断，艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中多次运用对比和象征来表现此冲突，例如，呼啸山庄和画眉山庄的冲突，凯瑟琳两种不同的爱情观的冲突。这种冲突正是基于艾米莉·勃朗特对自然异于常人的热爱和当时现代文明盛行的背景。英国文学史上着名的三姐妹从小生活在荒原上，自然在她们心中是神圣之物，这点很像新英格兰超验主义的观点。并且英国浪漫主义时期沃兹沃斯和柯律利治等着名诗人影响，自然，情感和哥特式元素在艾米莉·勃朗特的作品中都发挥着举足轻重的作用。而且，艾米莉·勃朗特生活在物欲横流的维多利亚时代，当时的人们以自然之情为基础的生活受到现代文明的激烈冲击。作为维多利亚时代批判现实主义的代表人物，艾米莉·勃朗特看到了现代文明带来的种种罪恶，内心更加执着于对自然的喜爱。 因此，要想真正读懂这部伟大的着作，就必须要了解小说中艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的观点。只有了解艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的态度，才能真正明白在这爱恨情仇下有着更深刻的寓意-人类生活应该顺应自然和本性。通过《呼啸山庄》中自然和文明的从图矛盾，由此来叙述《呼啸山庄》中回归自然的观点。
二、 国内外研究现状：
(一)国内研究现状
1.陈茂林从艾米莉·勃朗特所受的自然的影响来分析，他的《回归自然返璞归真--<呼啸山庄>的生态批评》认为《呼啸山庄》是一部自然颂歌。小说中自然有着独特的作用，它使人精神放松，包容所有人，它似乎是一个有血有肉的灵魂，分享着人的痛苦和换了。作品表达了作者对自然的深深热爱，同时也反映了自然和文明的冲突和矛盾。 叶利荣则在其《追寻自我的历程--<呼啸山庄>主题探析》一文中提出：艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中塑造的两个富于激情和叛逆的人物形象--希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳，展示了他们在迷失之后寻找自我回归的艰难历程表现了处于自我冲突中的人的内心世界。他们充满抗争的一生是生命个体追寻自我历程的真实写照。
2. 王宏洁则在《自然与文明的冲击》中认为，自然和文明的冲突矛盾也就是《呼啸山庄》中的其中一个重要主题。自然，要求人们生活需要顺从内心情感和自然本性，得到自然错给予的舒适和自得。而文明，则是不同于自然的一种新的生活方式，要求人们生活遵从道德和理智。文明由此带来了物欲横流的社会以及追逐自身利益的人类，因此纯净自然之人被文明所污染。而自然不会随着文明的出现和进步消失，自然会一直存在。所以自文明诞生开始，文明和自然的冲突就不断。
(二) 国外研究现状
1.英国着名女作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在一九一六年就写过《〈简爱〉与〈呼啸山庄〉》一文。她写道：“当夏洛蒂写作时，她以雄辩、光彩和热情说我爱,我恨,我受苦.她的经验，虽然比较强烈，却是和我们自己的经验都在同一水平上。但是在《呼啸山庄》中没有 我,没有家庭女教师，没有东家。有爱，却不是男女之爱。艾米莉被某些比较普遍的观念所激励，促使她创作的冲动并不是她自己的受苦或她自身受损害。她朝着一个四分五裂的世界望去，而感到她本身有力量在一本书中把它拼凑起来。那种雄心壮志可以在全部小说中感觉得到--一种部分虽受到挫折，但却具有宏伟信念的挣扎，通过她的人物的口中说出的不仅仅是我爱或我恨,却是我们，全人类和你们，永存的势力……这句话没有说完。”
2.英国进步评论家阿诺·凯特尔(Arnold Kettle)在《英国小说引论》一书中第三部分论及十九世纪的小说时，他总结说：“《呼啸山庄》以艺术的想象形式表达了十九世纪资本主义社会中的人的精神上的压迫、紧张与矛盾冲突。这是一部毫无理想主义、毫无虚假的安慰，也没有任何暗示说操纵他们的命运的力量非人类本身的斗争和行动所能及。对自然，荒野与暴风雨，星辰与季节的有力召唤是启示生活本身真正的运动的一个重要部分。《呼啸山庄》中的男男女女不是大自然的囚徒，他们生活在这个世界里，而且努力去改变它，有时顺利，却总是痛苦的，几乎不断遇到困难，不断犯错误。”
三、 课题研究内容及创新
(一)课题研究内容
艾米莉·勃朗特在《呼啸山庄》中多次运用象征主义，例如，呼啸山庄和西斯科拉里夫与儿时的凯瑟琳代表自然，他们崇尚自由，顺应自然和暴风雨似的生活原则而与呼啸山庄对立存在的画眉山庄以及林顿家庭则代表文明，他们彬彬有礼，服从一切社会原则。自然和文明表面风平浪静一直到西斯克里夫和凯瑟琳偶然闯进画眉山庄，于是冲突不断。凯瑟琳的自然之情开始受到文明的真正挑战，她开始背叛自己的内心情感，越来越像淑女，最终她舍弃对西斯克里夫的真爱嫁给埃德加·林顿，表面上文明占取了绝对优势。但是婚后的凯瑟琳被内心的自然之情折磨致死。而西斯克里夫也因为凯瑟琳的背叛自然性扭曲到极端，他变成了复仇的恶魔。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲，约束人的真实自然之情，造成了悲剧。尽管文明带来了进步，但是文明却扼杀了人性。最终，艾米莉·勃朗特让西斯克里夫在死前打开阻碍之窗-文明，让两人的游魂在荒野间游荡。种种表明艾米莉·勃朗特对两人爱情的同情以及要求人顺应人性，重返自然的思想。 本选题拟从三个部分加以阐述：
1. 自然和文明的定义
2. 自然和文明的较量： a.自然和文明的象征：呼啸山庄和画眉山庄;西斯克里夫和林顿及其哈的顿 b.自然和文明的斗争：凯瑟琳的爱情选择和西斯克里夫的疯狂报复导致人性的扭曲
3. 结论 人应该顺从自然，归顺自然。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲以及给人带来毁灭性的灾害。
(二)课题研究创新
本文主要通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义的运用，来解析自然和文明的冲突。艾米莉·勃朗特不仅塑造两个截然不同的庄园，分别代表自然和文明，还赋予住在两个山庄中类似他们山庄的性格，通过他们的对比以及他们交织时所产生的矛盾分歧来说明自认和文明之间的对抗。
四、课题的研究方法：
本选题拟采用多种研究手法，然后再结合定性分析研究法、综合查找法、归纳法、翻译法、文献综述法、文献检索法等多种研究方法加以详述。主要包括： 1、定性分析法：根据主观的判断和分析能力，推断出事物的性质和发展趋势的分析方法。 2、归纳法：通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，得出一般性的结论。 3、文献法：即历史文献法，就是搜集和分析研究各种现存的有关文献资料，从中选取信息，以达到某种调查研究目的的方法。 4、文献综述法： 即针对某个研究主题，对与之相关的各种文献资料进行收集整理，对所负载的知识信息进行归纳鉴别，清理与分析，并对所研究的问题在一定时期内已取得的研究状况，取得的成果，存在的问题以及发展的趋势进行系统而全面的叙述，评论，建构与阐述。其中，确定一个研究主题，收集整理专题文献，阅读与挖掘文献内容，清理与记述专题研究状况，建构与阐明专题研究发展趋势。
五、 研究计划及预期成果
(一)研究计划
4月15日-4月18日：指定论文指导教师，学生选定题目; 4月19日-4月25日：完成任务书部分和开题报告; 4月26日-5月12日：完成论文第一稿; 5月13日-5月22日：完成并上交论文第二稿; 5月23日-5月31日完成论文三稿(5月31日上午11点之前上交，以便答辩老师阅读)，指导教师分组阅读论文，师生做好答辩准备; 6月1日-6月9日：论文答辩(答辩后，学生对教师提出的意见要及时修改，以便装订论文终稿)。 6月10日-6月12日：二次答辩及论文装订、成绩评定。
(二)预期成果
按照规定的时间和进度提交一份具有一定的理论或应用价值的，字数在5000英文 单词左右、英美文学方向的的学术论文。
六、 参考文献：
[1] Bronte Emily. Wuthering Heights [M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Oxford University Press, 1999.
[2] Cecil, Victorian Novelists: Essays in Revaluation. . 1934
[3] 艾米莉·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)着，方平译。呼啸山庄[M]. 上海译文出版社， 2001
[4] 夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)着，宋兆霖译。勃朗特两姐妹全集[M]. 河北教育出版社， 1996
[5] 陈茂林。 --回归自然 返璞归真《呼啸山庄》的生态批评 [J]. 外语教学。 2007(01)：69-73
[6] 栗华。 “野孩子”的爱与恨--对《呼啸山庄》意象和主题的一种阐释[J]. 北方论丛。 2001(6)：80-83
[7] 裴双。 --人类应有的前行姿态论《呼啸山庄》对野性与文明的取舍 [J]. 绍兴文理学院学报(哲学社会科学版)。 2007(04)：80-85
[8] 邵旭东。 何以写出《呼啸山庄》?--也谈艾米丽·勃朗特创作源泉问题[J]. 外国文学研究。1996(04)：77-81
七、指导教师评语：
题目是:The analysis of Symbolic Images in Tony Morrison's BelovedThesis statement: The paper intends to analyze the symbolic images in Tony Morrison's . introduction of the brief review of brief of the Origin of Tony Morrison's Symbolic production of the with other works in symbolic Categories of Symbolic Images in . Body marksD. Linguistic Interpreation with Reference to Symbolic ImagesA. Memory of the Afro-American traditional cultureD. Maternal contribution to Afro-American influence produced by Symbolic Images and its profound meaning.
英语专业的论文提纲模板
导语：在毕业论文的.写作过程中，指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲，它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备；从提纲本身来讲，它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板，欢迎参考借鉴！
Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason
Background of Gone with the Wind
Author's Life and Emotional Experience
Development of the Feminist Movement
Influence of Economic Crisis
Background of the Translator
Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept
Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style
Selection and Use of Words
Symbolthe Usage of Idioms
Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication
Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction
' Logic and Combination
's Device and Style
's Transition
, Slangs and Fixed Collocations
Identity
of Narrative Style
Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style
Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason
Significance
Significance
' Effort
Conclusion
This article conclusion
Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.
Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.
In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.
英语论文提纲英语模板
英语专业的论文提纲模板
导语：在毕业论文的.写作过程中，指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲，它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备；从提纲本身来讲，它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板，欢迎参考借鉴！
Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason
Background of Gone with the Wind
Author's Life and Emotional Experience
Development of the Feminist Movement
Influence of Economic Crisis
Background of the Translator
Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept
Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style
Selection and Use of Words
Symbolthe Usage of Idioms
Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication
Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction
' Logic and Combination
's Device and Style
's Transition
, Slangs and Fixed Collocations
Identity
of Narrative Style
Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style
Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason
Significance
Significance
' Effort
Conclusion
This article conclusion
Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.
Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.
In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容，下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板，希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
有关英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61