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外文文献关于旅游英语翻译的论文

发布时间:2024-07-07 09:41:38

外文文献关于旅游英语翻译的论文

Go a long learning, tourism itself is a cultural industries. Travel all the tourists, are the motives which have temporarily left the familiar surroundings, but are not familiar with or are not familiar with the environment to find a new experience to enrich their experience. However, the purpose of tourism projects and determine its cultural content, so in addition to conventional tourism, there are many special purpose to meet the tourist activities, such as: Poetry tourism, history, Galapagos travel, calligraphy learning tourism, go to exchange travel, celebrity find footprints of tourism, national customs and the many types of tourism can be described as -----,, culture, wine tourism activities such title for the Culture and Tourism, in fact, this title is not scientific, it should be said ** special cultural tourism. Characterized by a clear knowledge of the purpose of tourism destinations through a professional learning, the study found that the status quo of the profession, the value of the development and application of knowledge and so on, making participation in such tourism activities in this special areas have more information in order to better施展才干, improve skills, make a difference. Appreciation of cultural tourism to exotic remote refers to traditional culture, celebrity culture to trace the trail left behind, or to participate in local cultural activities organized for the purpose of tourism. Enjoy the pursuit of cultural tourists has now become a trend. Su-referred to as the "music capital" of Vienna, with the remains of many famous musicians famous European cultural tourism. Prague, Venice, Paris Louvre, the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes were also concerts, film festivals or art treasure-house of culture as a world-famous tourist destination. In the form of a variety of cultural tourism in order to experience the disappearance but has remained in people's memory of certain lifestyle tone for the theme of cultural tourism, is a popular topic in today's tour is one of the items. If located in the James River and York city Hejian Williamsburg United States, due to the preservation of the integrity of the British colonial rule in the 18th century character of the towns, so that visitors seemed to turn the clock back more than 200 years of time, thereby becoming America's most important historic sites One of: Ancient City in Asia Thailand, Hong Kong and Beijing Grand View Garden Sung Dynasty Village also to simulate the ancient way of life as a cultural tourist crowds. Neither is a cultural tourism products, tourism and culture very different from those of the so-called cultural tourism, the key lies in culture, tourism is just the form. Culture and Tourism of "culture" should be interpreted as the effectiveness of travel and tourism by the qualitative purposes. Therefore, The definition of cultural tourism: perception through tourism to achieve, understand, understand the human culture of the purpose of the specific content of the course of conduct. Cultural tourism, is only in recent years and a popular term, it appears tourists are closely related to changes in demand. Therefore, its current definition of the more popular is "human resources for those who travel the main contents of activities, including historical sites, architectural, ethnic and folk arts, religion and so on." Culture and Tourism said that there is a special tourism, is a political, economic, education, science and technology mean that one of the largest tourism. To sum up, cultural tourism is to tour operators to create ornamental objects and entertainment content for the consumer, so that tourists get rich cultural connotation and depth of experience involved in tourism a collection of tourist activities. China Culture and Tourism can be divided into the following four dimensions, that is, artifacts, Records of the Historian, sites, ancient buildings, such as history and culture represented by layer; to modern culture, art and technical achievements represented by modern cultural layer; practices in daily lives of the residents , festivals, worship, weddings, sports and clothing apparel, such as folk culture, represented by layer; to interpersonal communication as a moral and ethical representation of the cultural layer. In China, the development of tourism, cultural tourism is very important, not only can enhance the attractiveness of products to enhance economic efficiency, but also vigorously carry forward the Chinese culture, let the world understand China, but also to change more and more Chinese people do not understand Chinese culture and the situation. The core of cultural tourism: creative Clarity of the concept of cultural tourism, the "creative" is the core of cultural tourism would be a matter of course. Is to seek the essence of creative features and differences, consistent with the nature of tourism. General tourism, mainly from the point of view of resources to find the differences and characteristics, regardless of the excavation process to consider the relationship between market demand and competition, the focus is still not out of resources. Cultural tourism is to some extent from the shackles of resources, it can be a combination of factors, including resources, environment, markets, social background and many other aspects of creation, that is creative. From the creative and cultural tourism will be the loss of vitality. In fact, with the development of society, the creative industries has been the rise around the world. Which the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, Korea and other countries is more typical, personally by the Government to promote the creative industries. Creative industries, involving a wide range of areas, including broadcasting, film, literature and art, journalism, publishing, printing, and many other aspects of architectural design. More closely with the Culture and Tourism of the creative industries, such as performing arts and entertainment, civil handicraft production and marketing, convention and exhibition, cultural festivals and so on. In this way, cultural tourism and creative industries are in fact covered in the review. Also known as the creative industries, cultural and creative industries or cultural industries. Cultural industries and tourism industry in the perspective of different names, it is not generally talk about the differences and links between the two. However, cultural tourism can be included in the scope of cultural industries, the reasons one is that they at the core with innovative; Second concept is that they are from the point of view of the operator defined. Cultural industries derived from the creativity and the creativity, innovation as the driving force is also the case with cultural tourism.

找原版自助游介绍,然后再找中文版的,对照着看和写不会有很大的出入

Higher Tourism English professional English teaching model to explore scenarios[Abstract] the primary characteristics of vocational education to write papers on behalf of students is to cultivate the ability to integrate theory with practice, this paper discusses the characteristics of tourism in English and discusses the use of more on the way to - scenes approach, noting that such Method The advantages and problems, and Tourism English Teaching Problems also included in the scope of discussion.[Key words] Vocational Education Tourism English teaching methods and problem scenariosFirst, several characteristics of Tourism English1. Practical strong. We often talk about the theory and practice should be a combination of (theory must be integrated with practice), the theory of learning is to better guide the practice, guides the work of one of the characteristics is to practice. Guides, known as civil ambassadors and image ambassador, who in the international exchanges of the role is particularly important, even if they have a solid theoretical knowledge, but it can not be used for practical work, this is not a qualified tour . Specialized. There is no doubt that in the tourism teaching English inevitably involves travel to the deep expertise. The six basic elements of tourism, food, shelter, transportation, travel purchase, entertainment and tourism resources, tourism planning, hotels, travel agencies, tourist attractions such as the various departments of knowledge, requires students to master these basic professional basic knowledge. If the creation of the relevant professional courses on tourism professionals to learn and understand English will be of great . Comprehensive and strong. Involved in the tourism industry knowledge is very complex, politics, history, literature, art, architecture, religion, gardening, such as multi-disciplinary knowledge, I have seen a few of the basic teaching materials are in accordance with the six elements of tourism know-how into the above into which constitute a , tourism scene in English TeachingAs the saying goes, interest is the best teacher, then how to train students interested in teaching has become one important aspect. Above have already said that guides the work of highly practical, but also in certain scenes occurred, such as tours at the airport shuttle, how welcoming and farewell speech, to move into the hotel, along the guided tours, attractions and so on , the author based on different scenarios into the training purposes of which have achieved good results, the following I would like to give one example, Unit 11 WaterTour: Lijiang . BACKGROUND introduced (backgroundinformation)This is paving the way each unit of knowledge and information to add, so that students of the natural resources of water have a total understanding, it can generally be divided into several categories: rivers, lakes, sea, hot springs, waterfalls, each category is a list of the most distinctive examples, such as: the Yangtze River, the West Lake, Jinan's Baotu Spring, Guizhou Huangguoshu waterfall, and then broken down into each, such as: What are the sites of West Lake, and the English translation shown to students, the I have followed each of the modules in this order, descending from a whole to partial, and the use of courseware ppt documents, first introduced after the display picture. Here I want to say is, the traditional template significantly those of very old, very old-fashioned style, teachers can browse the Web in the process of peace will be their favorite picture or interesting for tourism save the picture of English language teaching, and their ppt documents into standby, the best choice of picture and each unit can be relevant to the subject, of course, need to spend a lot of work, but good value for money, students in the learning process can inspire their . Courseware on specific (detailed explanation)The theme of this module is to introduce the world famous Lijiang River in Guilin landscape, the article is mainly to readers as a tourist, took us to visit the scenic甲天下, Castle Peak, Xiushui, Qishi, reflection ..., the article is more inclined to the narrative is a Field guides word. In order to allow students to Lijiang's landscape there is a general understanding, I will introduce into the relevant spots in which, such as the Reed Flute Cave, Cheung Pei Shan, Qixingyan and so on, to the students a whole . Scenarios interpretation (situational presentation)This is the most difficult step in the process of belonging to the output. At the end of each unit after the lecture, I will place the students of this unit have learned the content of drilling can be carried out group work, to enable students through role-playing (role play), so that students feel like, and give full play to their own imagination, and promote active learning students enthusiasm. Another method is to knowledge in their own language to organize themselves, and then they speak out, each class 10 minutes before I do, so can study the effect of book knowledge. However, in the course of the author, Professor, students or the existence of certain problems will arise, if students are too rigidly adhere to teaching materials, as well as the students are short of certain cross-cultural communication of knowledge, in exchange they would often make the phenomenon of culture shock. Such as in teaching to join the cross-cultural communication on the knowledge, you can play with the foreign exchange the role of lubricants to avoid conflict, do not be embarrassed to enable the two , the main problems1. Materials relatively singleMost of the tourism professional teaching English only for the province or a region, there is no nationwide introduction of the overall attraction, and the same theme, introducing a time when almost all of the same language, the lack of reference materials; part of teaching materials to more Tourism deep expertise in the overall translated into English, which is no tourism expertise to pave the way for English learners is difficult to understand, but such a career as higher vocational institutions, such as pure things significantly less useful, specific spots should be introduced to include a good word to focus on a good sentence, such as better able to recite in order to achieve the purpose of training. In addition, if the publication of these films all over the scenery of the English version of CD-ROM, coupled with on-site tour guides, students can imitate, or if there is mute function to allow students to come under the shooting scene with their own explanations, so the skills the requirements and further improved, for those who have a higher base and capacity of . The lack of professional teaching English for TourismAt present, the majority of teachers are tourism management professional or graduate English majors, specialized school English teachers very little tourism, so it is very difficult to teach the process of grasping the curriculum focus, or not grasped, may be the beginning of the semester or students, and gradually becomes a monologue students became teachers, Ap Lei like to listen to teaching. I think the teachers can take part in some training activities, continue to accumulate experience, check the length of others make up for our own short, At the same time, teachers can also go to the first line of services for others to experience the pleasure brought about by, to better promote classroom . The lack of school internship training baseAt present most of the opening of Tourism English professional school, the teaching and practice are basically out of touch. First of all, to impart theoretical knowledge, and then make use of other practical semester. If we can combine theory and practice so that you can receive good results. However, due to practical needs some practice material support, so most students will need on their own to sum up in practice, so that delayed a lot of valuable time.

tourism marketing 参考:

关于旅游的英语文章英汉互译

导语:暑假将至,经过了一个学期紧张学习后,相信很多同学在这个暑假安排了精彩的外出旅行。下面是我为您收集整理的英语作文,希望对您有所帮助。

关于旅游的英语作文_第1篇:

In last summer vacation ,I went to Beijing with my family. First ,we went to the Great Wall,where we met a lot of foreigners and we also took a lot of photos. They all like our culture and beautiful senery. went to the summer palace ,where the previous emporers spent summer in the old , we went to the Forbidden City .Finally ,we went to Wangfujing Street where we tasted much delicious food. In a word, we had a great time during the vacation and we leanred a lot from this tour.去年的暑假我和家人去了北京,首先我们去了长城在那我们见到了许多外国人并在那拍了很多照。这些外国人很喜欢我们的文化和美景,接下来我们又去了颐和园那是旧时帝王们避暑的地方。接着我们去了故宫,最后我们去了王府井,在那我们尝了很多美味的小吃。总之,这次旅游我们玩得很高兴。并从中学到了很多。

关于旅游的英语作文_第2篇:

I went to three cities to play during last summer holidays. They are Beijing, Dalian and HuHehot.

I went to Beijing more than eight times. Beijing is the capital of China. It’s a big city. I am very familiar with Beijing. It takes an hour and forty minutes from Nantong to Beijing by plane. There are many tall buildings in Beijing. It’s a modern city. My family visited the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum, the Beihai Park, the Space Museum, etc. I went to the countryside of Beijing to go boating and fishing. It was very interesting. I went shopping in WangFuJing. I bought lots of souvenirs and other things. I like eating Beijing snacks. They are delicious. Don’t mithe Beijing Duck. It is really nice.

Dalian is a beautiful city. Dalian is close to Beijing. I spent 5o minutes on the plane. Dalian is near the sea. I smelled the salty taste in the air. The roads are clean. There are lots of trees and flowers near the roads. There are many esplanades and Japanese buildings. There are some fountains in one of the esplanades. Some people flew kites and walked on the esplanades. We went to see the beach and the sea. The sea is blue. There were many swimmers in the sea. I lay on the beach to see the is a very nice place to live.

Huhehot is in Inner Mongol. There are lots of large grasslands. The grasslands are endless. The sky is bright blue. There were a lot of horses and sheep. They were running or eating grass. I rode a horse on the graland. I picked some colourful flowers. We drank the tea with milk. There is a small desert, it was very hot when I walked on it. The sand could sing.

These trips helped me open my eyes. I enjoyed my day.

我去了三个城市在去年暑假。他们是北京、大连和HuHehot。

我去了北京八倍以上。北京是中国的首都。这是一个很大的城市。我非常熟悉北京。需要一个小时四十分钟从南通到北京乘飞机。在北京有许多高大的建筑物。这是一个现代城市。我的家人参观了长城,颐和园,故宫,北海公园,太空馆,等我去北京的农村去划船和钓鱼。这是非常有趣的。我在王府井逛街。我买了很多纪念品和其他的事情。我喜欢吃北京小吃。他们是美味的。不要mithe北京烤鸭。它是真的很不错。

大连是一个美丽的城市。大连与北京关系密切。在飞机上我花了5分钟啊。大连是在海边。我闻到了空气中的咸的味道。马路是干净的。有很多树和花在道路附近。有很多散步路和日本的建筑。有一些喷泉广场之一。有些人飞风筝,走在平坦空地。我们去看沙滩和大海。大海是蓝色的。有很多在海里游泳。我躺在沙滩上看到天空。大连是一个很好的居住场所。

Huhehot内蒙古。有很多大草原。草原是无限的。天空是明亮的蓝色。有许多马和羊。他们是跑步或者吃草。我骑着一匹马在graland。我挑选了一些色彩鲜艳的花朵。我们喝了茶与牛奶。有一个小沙漠,它很热当我走。沙子可以唱歌。

这些旅行帮助我打开我的眼睛。我喜欢我的一天。

关于旅游的英语作文60字带翻译

旅游英语翻译论文的英文参考文献

寻关于旅游的英文参考文献这个问题又是很大,天知道哪一个适合你。这里面有很多条目,你自己看看吧。Disabled tourism Hostel travel Resort Travel agency Travel advisory Traveler Business trip Lonely Planet Wanderlust Volunteer vacation Travel Space travel Hypermobility (travel)

楼上强大。。我想说楼主必然还是学生,据我所知大学的在线图书馆都有极其强大的database数据库,你可以去数据库找找资料,会有很多。。。。

参考文献的引用应当实事求是、科学合理,不可以为了凑数随便引用。下文是我为大家整理的关于翻译论文英文参考文献的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!

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13. 孙晓丽. 《广告英语与实例》. 北京:中国广播电视出版社, 1995.

14. 孙致礼. 《1949-1966:我国英美文学翻译概论》. 南京:译林出版社. 1996.

15. 谭载喜. 《翻译学》. 武汉:湖北教育出版社. 2000.

16. 谭载喜. 《新编奈达论翻译》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 1999.

17. 倜西、董乐山等(编). 《英汉翻译手册》. 北京:商务印书馆国际有限公司. 2002.

1. 王德春. 《语言学通论》. 南京:江苏教育出版社, 1990.

2. 王逢鑫. 《英汉比较语义学》. 北京:外文出版社, 2001.

3. 王还(主编). 《汉英对比论文集》. 北京:北京语言学院出版社. 1993.

4. 王季思. 《中国十大古典喜剧集》. 上海:上海文艺出版社, 1982.

5. 王克非. 《翻译文化史论》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 1997.

6. 王令坤(主编). 《英汉翻译技巧》. 上海:上海交通大学出版社. 1998.

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8. 王希杰. 《修辞学导论》. 杭州:浙江教育出版社, 2000.

9. 王佐良、丁往道. 《英语文体学引论》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1990.

10. 王佐良. 《翻译:思考与试笔》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1989.

11. 魏志成. 《英汉语比较导论》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2003.

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1. 陈保亚 20 世纪中国语言学方法论 济南:山东教育出版社,1999

2. 丁言仁 英语语言学纲要 上海:上海外语出版社,2001

3. 费尔迪南 德 索绪尔 普通语言学教程 长沙:湖南教育出版社,2001

4. 冯翠华 英语修辞大全 北京:商务印书馆,1996

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6. 桂诗春 应用语言学长沙:湖南教育出版社,1998

7. 何兆熊 新编语用学概要 上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000

8. 何自然 语用学与英语学习 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997

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12. 黄国文 语篇分析概要长沙:湖南教育出版社,1988

找原版自助游介绍,然后再找中文版的,对照着看和写不会有很大的出入

旅游翻译英语的论文开题报告

英语毕业论文开题报告本科一般一000-二000字吧,研究生多点。字数不是关键,主要是内容,当时我写了几次都没过,还是学长给介绍的莫文中国,高手就是不一般,一次性就通过了 经贸英语语篇翻译策略探析 旅游景点英语翻译中的跨文化意识探析 跨文化交际中的新闻英语翻译实践探讨 从功能角度研究商务英语翻译的原则和策略 大学英语翻译教学存在的问题及对策 浅谈科技英语翻译中的常见错误及应对技巧 论国际商务英语翻译的多元化标准 英语翻译中笔译要点分析 优先出版 大学英语翻译教学的问题与对策研究 文化视角下的旅游英语翻译 科技英语翻译的省译 商务英语翻译教学的探索与思考 国际科技交流中科技英语翻译存在的问题及技巧探析 语义翻译和交际翻译观下科技英语翻译研究 影响法律英语翻译的因素 商务英语翻译的文化适应性问题探析 国际商务英语翻译中的文化信息等值研究 构建任务型商务英语翻译课程教学的研究 旅游英语翻译与本土文化对接的思考 项目依托式EAP教学实践研究——以《科技英语翻译》教学为例 高中阶段英语翻译教学现状的调查研究 国际贸易中商务英语翻译的文化差异及应对策略 框架语义学视角下的英汉科技翻译研究 基于功能翻译理论的高职院校土木工程专业英语翻译与教学研究 中国职业男子篮球俱乐部体育英语翻译现状调查和改善对策研究 康巴藏区旅游英语翻译现状调查研究 商务英语翻译中文化意象的传递 高职英语专业英语翻译课教改初探 探讨中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响 论文化转向对商务英语翻译的启示 非英语专业硕士研究生科技英语翻译能力分析 航海英语翻译若干问题 商务英语翻译教材建构模式探微 国内英语翻译现状分析及产业化思考 从建构主义观点谈商务英语翻译教

英语毕业论文开题报告本科一般1000-2000字吧,研究生多点。字数不是关键,主要是内容,当时我写了几次都没过,还是学长给介绍的莫文网,高手就是不一般,一次性就通过了经贸英语语篇翻译策略探析旅游景点英语翻译中的跨文化意识探析跨文化交际中的新闻英语翻译实践探讨从功能角度研究商务英语翻译的原则和策略大学英语翻译教学存在的问题及对策浅谈科技英语翻译中的常见错误及应对技巧论国际商务英语翻译的多元化标准英语翻译中笔译要点分析 优先出版大学英语翻译教学的问题与对策研究文化视角下的旅游英语翻译科技英语翻译的省译商务英语翻译教学的探索与思考国际科技交流中科技英语翻译存在的问题及技巧探析语义翻译和交际翻译观下科技英语翻译研究影响法律英语翻译的因素商务英语翻译的文化适应性问题探析国际商务英语翻译中的文化信息等值研究构建任务型商务英语翻译课程教学的研究旅游英语翻译与本土文化对接的思考项目依托式EAP教学实践研究——以《科技英语翻译》教学为例高中阶段英语翻译教学现状的调查研究国际贸易中商务英语翻译的文化差异及应对策略框架语义学视角下的英汉科技翻译研究基于功能翻译理论的高职院校土木工程专业英语翻译与教学研究中国职业男子篮球俱乐部体育英语翻译现状调查和改善对策研究康巴藏区旅游英语翻译现状调查研究商务英语翻译中文化意象的传递高职英语专业英语翻译课教改初探探讨中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响论文化转向对商务英语翻译的启示非英语专业硕士研究生科技英语翻译能力分析航海英语翻译若干问题商务英语翻译教材建构模式探微国内英语翻译现状分析及产业化思考从建构主义观点谈商务英语翻译教学

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文,供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

关于翻译的英语论文

翻译是高校作为培养大学生英语综合能力的一个重要组成部分。下面是我为大家整理的英语翻译方向论文,供大家参考。

英语翻译方向论文 范文 一:高职 商务英语 翻译课程改革分析

[摘要]本文结合我院的实际情况,以就业为导向,从课程定位、教材改革和教学模式等方面着手,探索高职《商务英语翻译》课程的改革方向,以期优化该课程教学设计,有效提高教学质量,为学生的就业岗位需求服务。

[关键词]高职;商务英语翻译;课程改革

1引言

根据《高等职业学校专业教学标准(试行)》,《商务英语翻译》课程是“高等职业学校商务英语专业学生的职业技能课”,在整个专业课程设置框架及人才培养体系中的地位不可忽视。然而,目前该课程普遍存在“课程设置和教学内容本科化、缺乏职业针对性、师资学科型”的问题。(江晗,2010)针对这些问题,本文结合东莞职业技术学院(下称“我院”)的实际情况,就课程定位、教材改革和教学模式等方面进行初步探讨,提出高职《商务英语翻译》课程的改革方向。

2课程定位

高职英语专业翻译课容易走入定位不清的误区。有的学者提出“现有高职、高专已经成立的翻译系或翻译方向最好主要以证书培训为主要目标”(穆雷,2008);有的院校干脆将课程目标单纯定位为通过全国商务英语翻译考试、获取证书。但是,通过走访我院用人企业得知,外语等级证书和翻译证书都不是企业所看重的指标或用人条件,真正的实践应用能力和职业素养才为用人单位所器重。因此,不适合将考取翻译证书作为该课程的定位和目标,但可作为辅助手段,提高学生的学习兴趣和动力。笔者认为,高职《商务英语翻译》课程的定位,取决于学生自身的能力水平及 毕业 后的就业岗位所需。一方面,高职学生的外语水平基础较差,特别是双语转换能力较弱,即使经过一学期或一学年的翻译课程学习,也难以胜任高端的会议交替传译,更不用说同声传译,只适合进行初级的口、笔译工作;另一方面,就我院以往毕业生的就业情况来看,没有专门从事翻译行业的专职译员,所以不能照搬培养专职译员的外语专业本科或研究生人才培养模式来对高职学生进行教学,而应该按实际情况来做出切实的课程定位,以指导该课程的开展,培养毕业生工作所需的相应翻译能力。通过对我院应用外语系2015届毕业生就业统计及个别访谈得知,我系毕业生就业单位主要是小微涉外跨境企业,而这些企业基本上没有设置专职翻译岗位。毕业生从事的岗位群主要集中在外贸业务员、外贸跟单员、跨境电商岗位操作员、跨境电商岗位推广及运营专员,从事销售、采购、跟单、商务策划、接待、客服等工作,他们在工作中的翻译活动主要包括涉外商务谈判、商务营销、接待应酬、国际会展、公司及产品介绍、日常文书和邮件处理等。这些工作任务的性质,突出了高职翻译的交际功能,决定了高职学生需要的翻译是一种初级实用型商务翻译;毕业生身兼数职,既要做好本职工作又要在涉外场合兼顾翻译的角色,也决定了高职商务英语专业所培养的学生是“复合型译员”。(姚嘉五,2012)根据这两点,我院高职商务英语专业的翻译课程应定位为中英双向初级商务文本笔译和一般商务情景的涉外陪同口译,课程培养目标是能胜任小微涉外企业与翻译有关工作的复合型人才。

3教材改革

高校的传统翻译教材编排,一般沿用两条主线,一为“专题型”,关注的重点是不同专题的内容及表达;二为“技能型”,关注的重点是技巧训练。“专题型”教材包含的某些专题,如政治外交演讲、政府会议、时事、科技、体育方面的材料,或难度偏高或与高职毕业生的实际就业岗位关联较小,不适合用于高职的翻译教学;“技能型”教材对学生的技能训练要求过高,往往超出他们的能力范围,容易让学生产生挫败感和畏难情绪。以上两种教材,都不太符合高职 教育 “实用为主,够用为度”的原则。回顾笔者所使用过的翻译教材,存在纰漏、拼写或语法错误等,部分内容要么过于陈旧,要么缺乏与区域经济相符合的素材,而且缺少音频或视频,也没有配套的教师用书,口译对话练习并不是英汉穿插而是全英或全中文,并不适合用来做翻译练习。基于以上现状,教材改革势在必行。首先,在难度上,要贴近高职学生的能力水平,“重信息传递、淡化翻译技巧”(曾昭涛,2009)。传统的翻译教材对翻译史、翻译理论和技巧有较为详尽的阐述,但这往往对注重实用和实践操作的高职生缺乏吸引力,因此应该淡化,转而关注高职翻译的核心交际功能,即“信息传递”,不苛求翻译技巧的处理。其次,在内容上,应该对接 职场 ,摒弃政府 报告 、外交辞令、大型会议翻译的题材,选取与学生就业岗位需要相吻合的口、笔译素材,体现当地区域经济特点,融入当地特色行业元素。以东莞为例,作为广东三大展览基地之一,该城市每年举办各种展会30多个,因此将会展口译纳入高职翻译教材很有必要。东莞还有明显的特色经济,已形成电子信息、电气机械、纺织服装、家具、玩具、造纸及纸制品、食品饮料、化工等八大支柱产业,所以翻译内容也要考虑选取与这些行业相关的文本,以体现翻译教材的行业性。再次,在章节编排上,不宜把主题安排得过于广泛,应遵循典型翻译工作任务流程,把翻译课程项目化、模块化,这样既符合高职“工学结合”的教育内涵,又体现高职教材的特色。教材改革的重担落在高职院校一线任课教师身上,教师可以在原教材的基础上,有所取舍,再扩展补充与区域经济、特色行业相关的内容,也可重新编写出符合学生学情又满足就业需求的教材。教材的改革需要教师积极到企业单位进行调研和实践,了解实际翻译情境需要,收集具体岗位工作可能接触到的语言素材,编写真正实用的课本,更好地服务于教学。

4教学模式改革

由于高职翻译课的老师多为科班出身,上课容易落入本科翻译教学的俗套,即采取老师讲授、学生练习、老师点评的方式,课程模式比较僵化,学生没有真正参与到知识构建中来,同时脱离了真实的商务翻译情景,学生学习兴趣低,容易产生倦怠情绪,自然难以取得理想的教学效果。根据高职学生的学情和人才培养目标,商务翻译课程应以典型翻译工作流程来设计教学环节,真正将职业能力的培养和岗位需求结合起来。例如,以会展陪同翻译这一模块为例,可安排以下仿真商务活动流程:国际名家具(东莞)展览会与外宾初次接触——参观家具厂、了解产品——商务合作洽谈——合同签订——庆功宴会——机场送行。实践教学中可穿插项目化教学法、模拟情景教学、角色扮演和合作学习法等,各种 方法 各有侧重、相互渗透、灵活多变,从“以教师为中心”转为“以学生为中心”,从注重“理论教学”转为“实践教学”,从“被动学习”转为“主动学习”,真正凸显高职教育特色。此外,还应加强语音室和口译实训室的建设,设立校企合作实训基地,做到教学、实践、服务一体化,为学生提供真实的职业氛围,让翻译教学更贴近实际、贴近市场、贴近岗位。

5结语

社会和市场对翻译人才的需要是多层次、多元化的,既需要能担当国际会议的同声传译,更需要能胜任企业基层工作、懂商务又懂英语翻译的人才。高职英语专业的商务翻译课应该走出自己的特点,积极探索具有高职特色的翻译教学改革,采用切实的定位、合适的教材和有效的 教学方法 ,才能优化翻译教学,培养出优秀的高职高专实用性、复合型翻译人才,服务于社会各行各业。

参考文献

[1]江晗.高职翻译课程设置与教学内容改革研究[J].顺德职业技术学院学报,2010(4):53.

[2]教育部职业教育与成人教育司.高等职业学校专业教学标准(试行)[M].北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,2012:123.

[3]穆雷.建设完整的翻译教学体系[J].中国翻译,2008(1):43.

[4]姚嘉五.工具-公文-公式:高职应用翻译专业的定位[J].中国科技翻译,2012(3):55.

[5]曾昭涛.论高职应用翻译理论[J].上海翻译,2009(1):50.

英语翻译方向论文范文二:高校英语翻译中西方 文化 论文

一、中西方文化在英语翻译方面的差异性

宗教文化也是众多文化中的一种表现形式,其也会因信仰的不同而产生一定的差异。中国的宗教门派众多,但是主要的可以分为道家、佛家和儒家这三个主要的流派。不同的教派具有不同的教义,如中国道家主张人和神仙是可以相互转化的;佛教则主张佛祖则是至高无上的神,其法力无边,这也可以从我国古代语言中明显看出。汉语中有“天命不可违”、“借花献佛”和“不看僧面看佛面”等的语言表达。而西方则主要以__为主,他们只承认上帝是万事万物的主宰,其无所不能,这在西方语言中也可以明显的看出来。如“Manproposes,Goddisposes”(谋事在人,成事在天)、“GodiswhereHewas”(上帝无所不在)和“Heavenisaboveall”(上帝高于一切)等。因此,为了达到翻译忠实原意的目的,我们必须要充分了解中西宗教文化的差异性。

二、提高高校英语翻译质量的策略

(一)导入异国文化

中西翻译的差异性。因此,为了提高学生对于英语翻译的认识度和理解度,教师需要在英语翻译教学的过程中为学生们导入到量的异国文化。通过将英语翻译与文化学习二者进行有机地结合来提高学生们英语翻译的水平。但是特别需要注意一点就是,教师在导入异国文化的过程中要始终本着由易到难、由浅入深的原则。此外,教师除了要为学生们普及一些西方文化知识外,还需要为学生们普及一些西方文化习俗的来源。例如,英语中有“raincatsanddogs”的习语,这句话用汉语可以表述为“倾盆大雨”,但是如果按照直白的翻译就会理解为“下猫跟狗”,这样就明显偏离了翻译的本意。这句习语主要来源于北欧的神话 传说 ,传说猫跟狗对于风和雨等天气具有很强的预测能力。又如“asstrongasahorse”(壮如牛),但是如果单纯的按照意思来理解则成了“壮如马”了等。如果学生对于这个文化背景不了解,则会出现上述可笑的误译现象。

(二)介绍英汉语言结构上的差异性

英语结构区别于汉语结构,其重视主题句和主体结构的构成以及 句子 结构连接过渡词的作用,并且侧重用介词和连词来表示句子和词组之间的逻辑关系,这种现象在汉语中则很少用或几乎不用。另外,英语表述中特别忌讳重复,如果出现重复的问题,通常用省略、替换或代词的形式来加以表示,但是我们汉语中常用重复来表示强调。

(三)讲解一些常用的翻译技巧

在学生掌握了上述英语翻译的基本知识之后,教师需要为学生讲解一些常用的翻译技巧,从而让学生们学会如何通过删减或增加词语来使语句变得更加通顺。常用的翻译技巧主要包括词类转换、增删词语以及拆分语句等手段。首先,词类转换作为一种有效的翻译手段,其主要是将那些由动词转化来的名词或具有动作意义类型的名词后接of的形式按照汉语中动宾 短语 来进行翻译即可。其次,英语和汉语之间的结构表述有所不同,只有通过增加或删减词汇才能够使意思更加忠实原文的含义。总之,中西文化差异性对于英语翻译具有重要的影响。为了提高学生英语翻译能力,教师必须要在教学实践中让学生充分地了解西方的文化传统,从而使学生做到“知己知彼”,然后并要在基础上教授给学生英语翻译的一些技巧,从而达到提高高校翻译教学质量的目的。

英语翻译方向论文相关 文章 :

1. 外语翻译论文

2. 毕业论文用英语怎么说

3. 关于学术论文中文摘要英语翻译的思考论文

4. 英语论文

5. 文化对影片翻译的影响--外语翻译论文

6. 科技英语的语言特点及文体翻译

英语翻译教学在高校英语教学中起着重要作用,它直接影响了学生的英语使用能力。尤其在经济全球化不断发展的当今社会,加强英语翻译教学不仅关系着大学生的就业前景,更与我国经济发展密切相连。下面是我为大家整理的英语翻译论文,供大家参考。

英语翻译论文 范文 一:中西方 文化 在英语翻译方面的差异性

一、中西方文化在英语翻译方面的差异性

(一)地理环境因素

“一方山水养一方人”,不同的地域和环境必然造就不同的民族文化。中国是一个幅员辽阔、地大物博、物产丰富的农业大国,这就使我国形成了一种典型的农耕文化。中国人注重人与自然、人与人之间的和谐与统一,故在许多 成语 中都与土地有关,如“土豪劣绅”“、土生土长”和“土崩瓦解”等。而英国则是一个典型的岛国,其四面被海水环绕,故其航海技术一直处于世界领先地位,这也促使其所形成的文化中都与水或航海有一定的联系,如在比喻一个人挥霍金钱的时候,会用“Spendmoneylikewa-ter”(挥金如土)来加以描述;在形容一个人的形体单薄、虚弱的时候则用“asweakaswater”(弱不禁风)来加以描述;而在告别友人的时候则会用“haveagoodsailing”(一路顺风)来加以描述等。因此,只有掌握了中西民族文化之间的差异性,才能够正确对语句进行理解和翻译。

(二)宗教信仰因素

宗教文化也是众多文化中的一种表现形式,其也会因信仰的不同而产生一定的差异。中国的宗教门派众多,但是主要的可以分为道家、佛家和儒家这三个主要的流派。不同的教派具有不同的教义,如中国道家主张人和神仙是可以相互转化的;佛教则主张佛祖则是至高无上的神,其法力无边,这也可以从我国古代语言中明显看出。汉语中有“天命不可违”、“借花献佛”和“不看僧面看佛面”等的语言表达。而西方则主要以基督教为主,他们只承认上帝是万事万物的主宰,其无所不能,这在西方语言中也可以明显的看出来。如“Manproposes,Goddisposes”(谋事在人,成事在天)、“GodiswhereHewas”(上帝无所不在)和“Heavenisaboveall”(上帝高于一切)等。因此,为了达到翻译忠实原意的目的,我们必须要充分了解中西宗教文化的差异性。

二、提高高校英语翻译质量的策略

(一)导入异国文化

中西翻译的差异性。因此,为了提高学生对于英语翻译的认识度和理解度,教师需要在英语翻译教学的过程中为学生们导入到量的异国文化。通过将英语翻译与文化学习二者进行有机地结合来提高学生们英语翻译的水平。但是特别需要注意一点就是,教师在导入异国文化的过程中要始终本着由易到难、由浅入深的原则。此外,教师除了要为学生们普及一些西方文化知识外,还需要为学生们普及一些西方文化习俗的来源。例如,英语中有“raincatsanddogs”的习语,这句话用汉语可以表述为“倾盆大雨”,但是如果按照直白的翻译就会理解为“下猫跟狗”,这样就明显偏离了翻译的本意。这句习语主要来源于北欧的神话 传说 ,传说猫跟狗对于风和雨等天气具有很强的预测能力。又如“asstrongasahorse”(壮如牛),但是如果单纯的按照意思来理解则成了“壮如马”了等。如果学生对于这个文化背景不了解,则会出现上述可笑的误译现象。

(二)介绍英汉语言结构上的差异性

英语结构区别于汉语结构,其重视主题句和主体结构的构成以及 句子 结构连接过渡词的作用,并且侧重用介词和连词来表示句子和词组之间的逻辑关系,这种现象在汉语中则很少用或几乎不用。另外,英语表述中特别忌讳重复,如果出现重复的问题,通常用省略、替换或代词的形式来加以表示,但是我们汉语中常用重复来表示强调。

(三)讲解一些常用的翻译技巧

在学生掌握了上述英语翻译的基本知识之后,教师需要为学生讲解一些常用的翻译技巧,从而让学生们学会如何通过删减或增加词语来使语句变得更加通顺。常用的翻译技巧主要包括词类转换、增删词语以及拆分语句等手段。首先,词类转换作为一种有效的翻译手段,其主要是将那些由动词转化来的名词或具有动作意义类型的名词后接of的形式按照汉语中动宾 短语 来进行翻译即可。其次,英语和汉语之间的结构表述有所不同,只有通过增加或删减词汇才能够使意思更加忠实原文的含义。

三、结语

总之,中西文化差异性对于英语翻译具有重要的影响。为了提高学生英语翻译能力,教师必须要在教学实践中让学生充分地了解西方的文化传统,从而使学生做到“知己知彼”,然后并要在基础上教授给学生英语翻译的一些技巧,从而达到提高高校翻译教学质量的目的。

英语翻译论文范文二:生物 医学英语 翻译得体性原则

1得体性原则及在翻译中的适用性

“得体”一词在《现代汉语词典》中的释义如下:“(言语、行动等)得当;恰当;恰如其分。”其他词典的解释与此大体相类。这是一种宽泛意义上的解释。难以确切理解其内涵,不大好把握,运用起来常常带有不同程度的盲目性、随意性。从修辞学理论的高度来衡量,离规范性、科学性相距甚远。王希杰先生在《修辞学通论》中则指出:语言的“得体性指的是语言材料对语言环境的适应程度。脱离了特定的语言环境,就没有得体不得体的问题。”他说:“修辞的原则只有一条,那就是得体性原则。一切其他的原则都从属于这个原则,都是这个最高原则的派生物。这个最高原则制约着和控制着一切其他的原则。”[1]王先生的定义简洁、明确,认为得体是语用的最高原则。聂炎[2]在《得体性原则两题》一文中对语言表达如何适应语体进行了 总结 :“每一种语体一般来说都有表现自己本身特点的不同的语料和表达手段,即常常有自己的专用词语、专用句法结构和篇章结构、语言风格等等,这是该语体区别于彼语体的重要之点。言语思维主体在选词 造句 时只有同语体和谐一致,即得语体之“体”,才可能有良好的表达效果。”翻译是一种跨文化、跨语言的交际活动,翻译过程可以定义为理解原文并创造性地运用另一种语言再现原文的过程,即语言使用的过程。[3]而得体又是语用的最高原则。因此,得体性语用原则在翻译中的适用性不言而喻。翻译的语用问题,归根到底,强调的是语言信息所采取的形式,必须由使用该语言的环境来决定,其根本是语言表达切合语境的得体性。[4]

2生物医学英语的特征及得体性翻译原则的具体内涵

从广义上来说,得体性语用原则适用于一切译作,但是,根据原作的文体不同,在具体要求上就各有侧重。生物医学英语属于科技文体的范畴。典型的科技英语是“专家与专家”交流的涉及学科的研究和发展的书面性英语。[5]其功能主要是述说事理、描写现象、推导公式、论证规律,其特点是结构严谨、逻辑严密、行文规范、用词准确,技术术语正确,修辞手段较少。[6]针对这些特点,科技英语翻译中的得体表现为忠实和通顺。所谓忠实,就是要完整地、准确地表达原作的思想内容,同时还需保持原文风格。这是对科技翻译的首要的、也是最起码的要求。原作的内容和风格是客观存在的。译者的任务,就是要把这种客观存在原封不动地传达给非原文读者。翻译虽然是语言的一种再创作,但毕竟和纯粹的创作有着本质的区别。译者必须忠实于原作,决不可自作主张,对原作进行随意的篡改、增删。所谓通顺,对科技翻译来说,虽然不像翻译文学小说那样要求雅致优美、姿态横生,也不像翻译诗歌那样要求抑扬顿挫、押韵合辙,但至少应保证译文语言符合汉语的语言规范和修辞习惯,文从字顺、明白流畅,而不能生造一些不伦不类的词句,或对原作拘泥太过,以致译文出现文理不通、结构混乱和拖泥带水的现象。在翻译实践中,若“忠实”和“通顺”二者不可兼得的情况下首先要考虑前者,即忠实、准确、规范地传达原作的意思,因为科学的灵魂是“真”,科技翻译的灵魂是“准确”。在医学文献翻译中,一字之差就可能断送病人性命;在工程技术翻译中,一个数据之误可能导致重大的技术事故。因此,“忠实”是科技翻译的根本和前提,而“通顺”是实施科技翻译达到完美的一种手段和途径。[7]

3得体性翻译原则在生物医学英语翻译中的具体运用

要实现生物医学英语翻译的篇章译文得体,就必须在词、词组、句子、段落等各语言平面上对译入语可能有的几个同义而结构不尽相同的语言形式精心选择,选择除了涉及语言结构因素(如词性、词语搭配、上下文)之外,还与文体有关。选择的目的是使译文得体,得语言和文体之体。以下通过辨析不同译文以具体说明如何实现生物医学英语各语言平面翻译的得体。

词的得体

表达规范

《现代汉语》指出:科技语体讲究论证的逻辑性,要求语言规范。[8]例1Electroporationisusedtomakesmall,temporaryholesinthemembranesoDNAcanpassin.译1:电穿孔用来在细胞膜上形成小的獉獉、暂时的孔洞獉獉獉獉獉从而使DNA通过。译2:电穿孔用来在细胞膜上形成瞬时微獉獉獉孔獉从而使DNA通过。例2Thesefindingssuggestthatoralim-munemodulationmayrepresentanattractivether-apeuticapproachtoatherosclerosis.译1:这些结果表明口服免疫调节剂代表了一种诱人的獉獉獉治疗动脉粥样硬化的新 方法 。译2:这些结果表明口服免疫调节剂代表了一种引人注目的獉獉獉獉獉治疗动脉粥样硬化的新方法。以上两例中的“小的、暂时的孔洞”以及“诱人的”用语不正式,且读来疲软。而译2中的“瞬时微孔”及“引人注目的”用语平稳、凝重、冷穆,符合科技英语的特征。

用词准确

例3PolymeraseChainReaction(PCR)isamolecularbiologicalmethodforamplifyingDNAwithoutusingalivingorganism,.译1:聚合酶链式反应是一种无需在活体(如大肠杆菌或酵母)内扩大獉獉DNA的分子生物学方法。译2:聚合酶链式反应是一种无需在活体(如大肠杆菌或酵母)内扩增獉獉DNA的分子生物学方法。译文1把amplify译成“扩大”,但根据生物学知识判断,这里的amplify是“creatingmultiplecopies(产生多个克隆)”的意思,所以译成“扩增”更准确。

词组得体

精炼、符合汉语表达习惯

例4Theabilityofmonoclonalantibody(mAb),treatmentwithmAba-lonehasonlyachievedverylimitedsuccessintheclinic.译1:体外实验中单克隆抗体(mAb)特异定位于肿瘤组织的能力为癌症治疗提供了一种引人注目的治疗方法。然而单独使用mAb治疗在临床上取得了非常有限的成功獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉。译2:体外实验中单克隆抗体(mAb)特异定位于肿瘤组织的能力为癌症治疗提供了一种引人注目的治疗方法。然而单独使用mAb治疗在临床上收效甚微獉獉獉獉。例5Asimmunologybecomesbettercharac-terized,immunomodulatorhasprovenasoneofthemostprevalentareasinthedevelopmentofnewpharmaceuticals.译1:随着免疫学变得更富特征獉獉獉獉獉獉,免疫调节剂已成为药学研究中的一个最流行的领域獉獉獉獉獉獉。译2:随着免疫学的进一步发展獉獉獉獉獉,免疫调节剂已成为药学研究中的一个 热点 獉獉。以上两例中译2优于译1之处在于:译2表达正式规范有力,且更符合汉语习惯。由于英汉词组的构成和功能差异较大,所以总的要求是在“信”的前提下,既要充分表达原意,又要符合译入语语言形式上和修辞的和谐。科技英语中存在大量惯用和非惯用的四字词组,如asshowninfigure(如图所示),withoutlossoftime(不失时机),convertwastesintousefulmaterials(废物利用)等。合理使用这些四字词组,能起到精确紧凑,简洁明晰的效果,为译文增色不少。

专业规范

例6Thespleenmayaddbloodtothegen-eralcirculationtomakeupforwhathasbeenlostinthebody.译1:脾脏能给总循环獉獉獉增加血液,以补偿獉獉獉身体的损失獉獉獉獉獉。译2:脾脏能给周身循环獉獉獉獉增加血液,以补獉獉偿身体所失去的血獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉。在医学中,“总循环”不如“周身循环”专业规范,而且“补偿身体的损失”过于笼统,所指不明。所以译2更得体。

句子得体

句子是语言平面中上下运转的轴心,也是翻译过程的主要着力点。句子同义手段的选择应该做到对应题旨要求,适应行文递接,切合语体特点以及依从声韵协调。[9]具体到生物医学英语的句子翻译,应该做到:

体现信息中心

每一句话、每一句群和每一语段都有一个最核心最关键的内容或意旨需要得到强调突出,以利于接受主体准确地把握其语意焦点,了解其着意传输的信息,此语意焦点成为信息中心。[9]应尽量把原语的信息中心译成汉语的信息中心,使两者相对应。例7Nucleicacid,originallyisolatedbyJohannMiescherin1871,wasidentifiedasaprimeconstituentofchromosomesthroughtheuseofthered-stainingmethoddevelopedbyFeulgenintheearly1900s.译1:核酸最初是由JohannMiescher在1871年分离成功,并被证实为是染色体组最基本的组成,这是由Feulgen在20世纪初通过使用红染色方法证实的。译2:核酸最初是由JohannMiescher在1871年分离成功,并在20世纪初由Feulgen通过使用红染色方法证实为染色体组最基本的组成。译1采取直译的方法,虽然把原文的意思表述清楚了,但是把信息中心置于句中,未予突出。而原文中的isolated和identified为本句的信息中心,译成“分离”和“证实”。译2通过语序颠倒使信息中心突出,自然流畅,符合汉语表达习惯。英汉表达方式不同,许多汉语句子往往把信息中心置于句尾,来突出重点;而多数英语句子则经常将信息中心置于句首,以突出主题。这就形成了“信息中心首位”(beginningfocus),其他信息后置的句式结构。汉译英时要注意把英语句法结构的这个规律运用到翻译中去。而出于汉语表达的需要,译者要反复推敲,甚至可以跳出原文的框框,合理使用翻译技巧,对原文句子成分、结构形式进行必要的调整,按照汉语的习惯组织译文。

体现逻辑关系

例8Lamivudine(Epivir-HBV)isapotentantiviralagentwithminimalimmunemodulatorca-pacity.译1:拉米夫定是有效的抗病毒药物,有獉着最低獉獉獉的免疫调节能力。译2:拉米夫定是有效的抗病毒药物,却獉很少有獉獉獉免疫调节能力。译1中没有反映前后两句内含的转折关系,读来有句子堆砌之感,而译2通过“却”一词使语段内含的转折关系得以彰显。

语段得体

语段是比句子高一级的语法单位,通常是由两个或两个以上的句子构成的语义整体。衔接是语段的重要特征,衔接的优劣,关系到话语题旨或信息是否被接受者理解和接受[10],译文若不能正确反映原文中的衔接关系,就反映不出生物医学英语的逻辑性和条理性。例9ThebiosynthesisofRNA,calledtran-scription,proceedsinmuchthesamefashionasthereplicationofDNAandalsofollowsthebasepairingprinciple.(5)Again,asectionofDNAdoublehelixisuncoiledandonlyoneoftheDNAstrandsservesasatemplateforRNApolymeraseenzymetoguidethesynthesisofRNA.(6)Afterthesynthesisiscomplete,theRNAseparatesfromtheDNAandtheDNArecoilsintoitshelix.译1:RNA的生物合成,也称为转录,以獉和獉DNA复制的相同的模式进行獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,同样也遵循碱基 配对 原理。DNA双螺旋的一段解螺旋,只有一条链作为RNA聚合酶引导RNA合成的模板。在合成完成后,RNA从DNA上分离,DNA再次形成双螺旋结构。译2:RNA的生物合成,也称为转录,和獉DNA复制的模式大致相同獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,同样也遵循碱基配对原理。同上所述獉獉獉獉,首先獉獉,DNA双螺旋的一段解螺旋,其中一条链作为RNA聚合酶引导RNA合成的模板。在合成完成后,RNA从DNA上分离,同时獉獉,DNA重新形成双螺旋结构。译2通过许多连接词(如同上所述、首先、同时)清晰流畅地讲述了DNA转录的过程,较之译1更富有条理性和整体感。

4结束语

生物医学英语翻译与文学翻译在语言的运用上,在修辞手段的选择上,是有区别的。文学作品个人风格明显,感情色彩较强,翻译时多注重形象思维,讲究语言上的形象和表达上的生动;而生物医学英语个人风格较少,感情色彩罕见,翻译上注重 逻辑思维 ,讲究语言上的规范和表达上的准确,在选择译文语言时,译者的游刃余地是不大的。得体是语用的最高原则,但在不同文体中侧重不同,生物医学英语翻译的得体性表现为忠实于源语的内容和风格,同时符合汉语的表达习惯。同时生物医学英语翻译也同 其它 文体的翻译一样,是一种既具艺术性,又具创造性的艰苦的脑力劳动。它要求创造性地运用中外文两种语言知识和专业知识。而要达到这一点,只能靠大量的实践和不断的探索,别无捷径可走。

英语翻译论文范文相关 文章 :

1. 商务英语专业论文范文

2. 大专商务英语论文范文

3. 科技英语论文范文:中国地名英译的注意事项

4. 新闻词汇翻译方法研究论文

5. 初中英语教学论文

6. 有关计算机英语论文

英汉翻译过程包括理解和表达两个重要的阶段,只有在正确理解原文词义的基础上,才能正确地表达原文。下文是我为大家整理的关于英汉翻译论文范文的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!

探析英汉翻译陷阱

【摘 要】英语陷阱的表现形式多种多样,常常是句子或词语的表层结构与其要表达的真实含义相反。为了避免落入英语陷阱,学习者对英语的某些词句、语义应克服表面化的理解,也不能简单照搬辞典上的释义,更不能望文生义;对中西文化差异也必须有深刻的了解。只要对英语陷阱多注意、多分析、多体会,便可避免误入一些似是而非的“陷阱”。

【关键词】英汉翻译;陷阱;表层结构;深层含义

英语陷阱的表现形式多种多样,对学习者来说的确是一个必须要注意的问题。在英汉翻译中,初学者往往从语法角度对英汉两种语言做机械对比,有时还下意识地将词典释义不加斟酌,拿来就用。在审查译文表达是否准确时,又习惯于将自己的母语思维定势用作衡量正误的标准。这些做法实际上都很容易造成释义与原文真实含义的脱节,甚至南辕北辙,落入英语“陷阱”。

一、短语翻译中的陷阱

例子如下:

1、confidence man

误译:值得信赖的人

正译:

2、sleep late

误译:睡觉很晚

正译:起床很晚

3、black tea

误译:黑茶

正译:红茶

4、gas mask

误译:赌气面具

正译:防毒面具

5、mad-doctor

误译:发疯的医生

正译:精神病医师

6、lightning rod

误译:闪电针

正译:避雷针

7、trouble man

误译:制造麻烦的人

正译:故障检修员

8、be in control

误译:被控制

正译:掌控……,控制……

9、flu mask

误译:流感口罩

正译:卫生器具

10、fire engine

误译:点火机器

正译:救火车、消防车

11、fire wall

误译:着火的墙

正译:防火墙

对这些短语均须准确理解,否则便会落入陷阱之中。

二、习语翻译中的陷阱

在翻译英语习语时,初学者有时总想找一个汉语的习语或成语,使之与英语习语相对应。虽然这种对应在某种程度上可以做到,但却不一定在所有情况下都能成功。英语陷阱的特点就是其表层意思和深层含义常常貌合神离,甚至南辕北辙,若抛开语言文化差异而不顾,盲目追求“形似”,就难免会落入英语陷阱。如:

1、Gild(或Paint)the lily

该习语似乎与“锦上添花”意思相近,但实际上却相差甚远。在汉语中,“锦上添花”比喻使美好的事物更加美好,而这个习语的意思是指对已经很完美的东西做不恰当甚至过分的修饰,结果是破坏了原来的美。这有点近似于汉语的“画蛇添足”。

2、Strange bedfellows

这个习语不等于“同床异梦”。“Strange bedfellows”指走到一起的不同类型的人,萍水相逢的人;或有些人性格、兴趣、习惯等都不相同,本来不会碰到一起,而现在却成了伙伴。“同床异梦”指的是虽然共同生活或共同从事某项活动,但各有各的打算,面和心不合。可见“strange bedfellows”和“同床异梦”所指很不一样。

3、Turn the table

这个习语很容易被误译为“把桌子掀翻”,而且好像还带有气愤至极的味道。其实,这种理解是不对的,“turn the table”在含义上并不带有这种激动的成分。譬如,一对夫妻吵架、闹离婚,经过调解之后,终于化干戈为玉帛。丈夫的一位美国朋友打来电话,询问情况,当知道是这么一种结果时,便说:“Oh,thank God!You turned the table.”这位男士听后很不理解:朋友是不是以为自己对妻子动粗了?其实,这个习语的意思和掀翻桌子一点关系也没有,也不带有什么负面的感情色彩,它的意思是“扭转了局面”。

4、The last straw

如:The service in this shop has been bad before,but this is the last straw.

误译:这家商店的服务一向不好,这可是救命稻草。

学习者对这句英文容易误译的原因就是在阅读时容易忽略中西方文化因素,望文生义。因为在我们的文化中,很容易把“the last straw”和“最后一根稻草(救命稻草)”联系起来。可是在英语中,“the last straw”指的是“the last in a series of bad events, makes it impossible for somebody to accept a situation any longer(令人忍无可忍之事;终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事或一个因素等)”。该习语源于谚语“It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back”。(最后添加的一根稻草压断骆驼脊背。)可见,它的指称意义与汉语的“救命稻草”大相径庭。所以,“The service in this shop has been bad before,but this is the last straw.”应该译为:这家商店的服务一向不好,这一次更是叫人受不了。

三、句型翻译中的陷阱

释义与原义南辕北辙,这种现象在某些英语句型和特殊结构的翻译中也很常见。当然,之所以出现“南辕北辙”的现象,归根到底还是由于没有掌握英语陷阱的规律。由于英语中一些固定结构的深层含义与表层含义相反,所以,若仅仅按照句子的表层结构进行翻译,那就很容易会落入英语陷阱之中。

1、For all 结构

如:For all I care,you can throw it away.

误译:你把它丢了,我很在乎。

正译:你把它丢了,我也不在乎。

2、It + be + adj.+ n.+ that 结构

著名翻译家钱歌川教授认为像这一类的句型应从反面理解,以适应英语语言的独特意境。

如:It is a good workman that never blunders.

误译:一个好的技工从来不会犯错。

正译:智者千虑,必有一失。

It is a wise father that knows his own child.

误译:聪明的爸爸会了解自己的孩子。

正译:聪明的爸爸也未必了解自己的孩子。

3、being + a.

如:They are being friendly.

误译:他们现在很友好。

正译:他们装出一副友好的样子。

“being friendly”之所以是“装出一副友好的样子(或姿态)”,是因为从深层结构看,“being”表示的意思是“目前”或“现在”,其含义短暂。它说明这是主语有意识的一个动作,因而在这类句子里面就隐含着一个意思:他们平时并不这么友善,现在是故意作秀。在这个句型里,“being”的含义相当于“故意地”。

4、形式否定,实为肯定

(1)….cannot…….too

如:You cannot be too careful when driving.

误译:你开车的时候不能太小心了。

正译:你开车的时候越小心越好。

此结构在形式上是否定的,但意义却是肯定的。表示一个人“无论怎么…..也不过分”,“越……越好”。

(2)……never……but……

如:I never go to that city but I want to eat the characteristic food there.

误译:我从来不去那个城市,但是我想吃那里的特色食品。

正译:我每次去那个城市都要吃那里的特色食品。

在“……never……but……”这个结构中,never和but是用来加强语气的,实表肯定的意思,可译为“每次……都/必……”。

(3)……nothing if not……

如:The book is nothing if not interesting.

误译:这本书没有什么意思。

正译:这本书相当有意思。

在这里,“nothing if not”是一个双重否定,实际上它是一个强调肯定意义的结构。“nothing if not”相当于“extremely”、“very”,意思是“极其……”,“非常……”。

5、形式肯定,实为否定

(1)……the last…… + 不定式短语/定语从句

如:This is the last thing I expect him to do.

误译:这是我希望他做的最后一件事。

正译:这是我最不希望他做的事。

在这个句型中,“last”应理解为“最不可能的”。

(2)……anything but……

如:This math text is anything but easy.

误译:这次数学考试很容易。

正译:这次数学考试一点也不容易。

“……anything but……”应理解为never,意思是“决不”。

6、貌似全部否定,实为部分否定

如:All of the students did not turn up.

误译:所有的学生都没有出席。

正译:并非所有的学生都出席了。

Both of us are not teachers.

误译:我们俩都不是教师。

正译:我们俩并不都是教师。

英语中,当all,both,every,each等表示整体意义的代词与否定词not连用时,一般只表示部分否定,而不是全部否定。

7、否定转移

如:He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.

误译:他不会相信此事,因为亚里士多德这样说过。

正译:他并不会因为亚里士多德说过如何如何就轻信此事。

否定转移结构往往貌似一般否定结构,not的位置与一般否定结构中的not完全相同,但实际上却是一种部分否定,not由一部分转移到了另一部分。

英汉翻译中稍不留意就会出现意思南辕北辙的现象还有很多,例子不胜枚举,限于篇幅,这里不再赘述。

四、如何避免落入陷阱

从上面所举的这些例子不难看出,英语陷阱的表现形式多种多样,学习者可谓一不留神就会落入陷阱。如何避免这种情况的发生呢?

首先,学习者对英语的词句、语义应努力克服机械理解,不能简单照搬辞典上的释义,更不能想当然。在翻译时,望文生义是最要不得的。

第二,学习者对中西文化差异必须要有深刻的了解。

语言是文化的载体,是折射不同民族文化的一面镜子。有时,英汉翻译之所以会掉入陷阱,一个很重要的原因就是学习者忽视对中西文化差异的学习和掌握,这种忽视势必会使学习者误入歧途,掉入文化的“陷阱”。只有在文化中去探寻词语或某些特殊表达方式的真实内涵,才会有效地避免翻译中的“南辕北辙”;只有了解不同国度的文化差异,在英汉翻译过程中才不会落入陷阱。正如王佐良先生所指出的:“在寻找与原文相对的‘对等词’的过程中,就要做一番比较,因为真正的对等应该是在各自文化的含义、作用、范围、感情色彩、影响等各个方面都相当。这当中,陷阱是不少的,如果我们望文生义就会出毛病……译者做的文化比较远比一般人细致、深入。他处理的是个别的词;他面对的则是两大片文化。”由此可见,学习者对中西文化的了解何其重要。

第三,对英语陷阱的规律要多注意、多分析、多体会。

英译汉有时可以做到形式结构上的对等,但并不是每个英文习语、短语都能在汉语中找到意义对等且形式结构也相当的习语或惯用法。在这种情况下,译者可采用音译加注、意译、增译等其他技巧来表达某些英语特殊结构或词语的真正含义,这样才能避免误入一些似是而非的“盲区”或“陷阱”。

参考文献:

[1]孙海运.英语成语来龙去脉[M].中国对外翻译出版社,1989.

[2]鲁迅.准风月谈[M].人民文学出版社,2006.

[3].牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第七版)[M].牛津大学出版社,2010.

[4]董乐山.英译汉理论与实例[M].北京出版社,2005.

[5]王佐良.翻译中的文化比较[J].中国翻译,1984(01).

英汉翻译的词序差异

摘要:本文主要研究英汉翻译中经常出现但又不被重视的词序问题。通过以词序中的副词、形容词为研究对象来体现在英汉翻译中词序使用正确的价值与意义,从而促进英汉翻译技能的成熟与完整。

关键词:词序渊源;副词词序;形容词词序

在平时的练习中我们不难发现英译汉的过程中词序的一些变化,这种差异值得学习的人研究和琢磨。因此,在英汉翻译中应首先了解这种差异中的一种,即词序的变化对翻译者而言是有价值的。价值何在?通过以下的比较研究,让我们来认识这一点,并且让这一点服务于翻译。

一、练习

妇女要求同工同酬。他们终于找到了一个能应付这种局面的人。译者的对应结构式:“Woman demands equal pay for equal work.”这句话没有问题。但对第二句话的词序就犯了愁,怎么写呢?“They finally found a man equal to the they found an equal man to the occasion.”前一句的翻译正好是在说汉语原句的意思,这句是对的,而后一句会产生歧义。看的人会认为意思是:他们终于找了一个公平公正的人去应付这种局面。这些经常出现的问题体现了译者的基础薄弱。对词序的不甚了解而导致了问题的出现。这种问题在翻译中会带来一些不必要的甚至是负面的影响,好在初学者大多是在练习中而已。试想,对于一个翻译工作者来讲,掌握且精通词序是有意义的。

这便给我们提了个醒。要怎样才能掌握好副词在句中的词序呢?“diligently”,“characteristically”等置于动词之前时,仅修饰动词本身。而置于句末时,其修饰对象及句意均有变化。对比以下句子可以看出这种特点。The people in the show their capacity on settling the diligently complex problems,for instance,the colleague ,Lillian showed Parent Zhang all around Beijing City,who comes from Shanghai.

二、给出的例句

The kitty nearly touched the back of herself as she would be the greatest painter around Town Sony.翻译成:这可爱的猫咪一伸手就能摸到自己个儿的背,看起来像是索尼镇上最了不起的画家。这显示猫咪并不真的是画家,只是有一种能显示出猫咪妖娆的色彩,让人觉得她是灵活的、聪明可爱的。我们也能感受到,似我们在其他情绪中如“蕴酿”一般,没有体现一个什么过程,只是有一种“身临其境”的感受,没多想就写出来了。

从以上的比较中我们可以看出这两句中的副词“nearly”与“too”是相反的。置于不同的词之前,会产生不同的句意。而“too”只是强调所紧跟的词,无论该词是人称代词还是地点名词。如:I,too,brushed the yellow 此处强调主语I。而My grandpa and I brushed the yellow shoes,too.该处仔细读来是在强调“爷爷也刷了他的黄色的鞋子”这件事情。

因为副词在语法上的功能是做状语使用,所修饰的是一个完整的句子,或是某个形容词,使语言本身更富色彩。在词序的学习研究中,副词的研究很具代表性。

下面我们来研究一下形容词在词序上的位置给句子带来的变化。例句:Young Chairman Mao,proper pioneer of the Chinese Communist Party(which put him involved into the liberation of whole China)had gained the support from the bosom friends as in his student year.(作为身兼解放全中国伟大事业及带领中国共产党的合适的领袖,年轻的毛主席以自己学生时代的志同道合者们作为开展工作的基石。)They failed to trust the matter to a responsible man.(他们未能将此事委托给一个负责任的人.)The man responsible was at last punished.(应负责任的当事人最终受到了处罚。)三个形容词proper,bosom,responsible在两组句子里不同的位置可以看出形容词作前置定语与后置定语所产生的在汉语上的效果。“合适的领袖、志同道合的朋友、一个负责任的人、应负责任的人”,这些理解把形容词带给语言的修饰功能已经带出来了。让语言本身拥有多变的外貌,统一的思想,即:实现语言所表达的色彩。

三、除了以动词、副词和形容词的例句来研究词序外,还涉及到的内容

这些包括连贯(Coherence)、强调(Emphasis)、悬念(Suspense),分别来了解一下。

In the inn the Kuomintang set for the so-called Hot Red liberators,Yuan Juemin kneed on the cold looked like that he would say no other words from now a slim light put on his white and skinny face as a shower that made him feel so smiled then,no other words,just smile that also covered the roommates from the front corner to the back roommates also said no other words knew clearly what waited before them.

如果翻译只达到“信”,这让人觉得这橡皮筋被拉扯得太过费劲,且那么不自然,让业内人士一看就觉得动力火候欠缺,不够专业。那要如何处理呢?我们不妨来剖析剖析这个句子。主人翁是袁觉民,一个被国民党当成赤色分子关在监狱里的革命人。当我们看到因为长久没见到阳光,而现在哪怕见到从窗户里挤进来的一丝阳光就满足得心甘情愿接受折磨也不透漏出卖同志的一个字。他跪在冰冷的地上时,我们按一般的思维会产生一个悬念:接下来他要哭还是难受还是怎样。待全句读完,这个悬念才待释。原来他不难受不伤心,而是很满足,很知道从这一刻起生命、人生对他来讲的意义是什么。一个大转折,让读者读完也产生一种“生的伟大,死的光荣”的豪情壮志。一瞬间那种所谓的民族豪情便油然而生。而且全句都是连贯且有强调的,强调袁觉民的表现。译句中体现出悬念再加上深具节奏,读来抑扬顿挫,语句丰润有泽,所以佳句便呈现出来了。

四、我们来检验检验词序在翻译上的作用与之服务的意义

The young sisters told their teacher all their young sisters told all their troubles to their teacher.从前译者认为这两句话所说的是一个意思,译作同一个句子便可。便直接译为:这对姐妹把他们的烦恼全都告诉了他们的老师。这样看似是对的。但严格的放到词序这个问题上来分析,前一句的信息核心是all their troubles——告诉了老师什么?后一句的信息核心是to their teacher——告诉谁?因此,该译文只适合后一句,而前一句当译成:这对姐妹对老师讲了他们所有的烦恼。

仅以本文的陈述、论述和例证来让译文在对待英汉翻译上从大局出发,从小节着手,如词序问题,从而译出叫人拍手称好、张嘴叫绝的文字,从理论上更上一个研究的新台阶。从实践中印证英汉翻译的细节讲究,为英汉翻译积累更多更好的原始佐证材料,促使译文的发展和完整。

参考文献:

[1]郑立信,王菊泉.英汉语言文化对比研究[M].北京:上海外语教育出版社,2004.

[2]从莱庭,徐鲁亚.西方修辞学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2007.

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