论文10篇阅读文献
参考文献需要引用十篇论文
各类毕业论文参考文献数量要求
写论文不能手头上有什么文献就算数，没有就不算数，因为学术的发展不是以咱们知道与否来决定的，因此一定要去查找文献
现在博士、硕士论文以及本科论文参考文献数量一般要求：
博士学位论文的参考文献数一般应不少于100篇，其中外文文献一般不少于总数的1/2;硕士学位论文的参考文献一般应不少于40篇，其中外文文献一般不少于20篇。参考文献中近五年的文献数一般应不少于总数的1/3,并应有近两年的参考文献。
本科毕业设计主要参考文献要求10篇以上， 其中外文文献2篇以上(指导教师认定为特殊类型的论文，可以不列外文参考文献)。参考文献必须是公开出版、发表的(含网上下载)着作或期刊(论文)，统一放在文后，并按文中出现的先后顺序，用阿拉伯数字进行自然编号，序码加方括号。
依据国家标准《文后参考文献着录规则》(GB/T7714-2005)，中文参考文献书写格式为：
专着：[序号] 作者名. 书名[M]. 出版地： 出版单位， 出版年：引文页码。
期刊：[序号] 作者名. 题名[J]. 刊名，年，卷号(期号)： 所引用的文献在期刊中的起止页码。
报纸：[序号] 作者名. 题名[N]. 报刊名，年-月-日(版次)。(示例：2009-01-01(1))论 文 集：[序号] 作者名。题名[C]//论文集作(编) 者。论文集名。出版地：出版单位，出版年：所引用的文献在期刊中的起止页码。
电子文献：[序号] 作者名.电子文献名[DB/OL].(发表或更新日期)[引用日期].获取或访问路径(即网址)。
学位论文：[序号] 作者名.题名[D].授予单位所在地：授予单位，授予年。
专利：[序号] 申请者.专利名[P]:专利国别，专利号，公告日期。
外文参考文献编排格式：按语言所在国学术界通行的.格式。
参考文献作者三名以内的全部列出，四名以上的列前三名，中文后加“等”,英文后加“et al”.作者姓名不管是外文还是汉语拼音，一律姓在前名在后(如Hardy Thomas.)。外文姓不可缩写，名可缩写;如作者为二人以上，第一位作者的格式为先姓后名，后用逗号，其他作者均按先姓后名，但名后不加标点，最后一名作者名前要加and,最后用句号。
相关阅读：
论文参考文献是不是越多越好，多少比较靠合适?
有人认为参考文献引得越多代表作者比较注重引文问题，并尊重了其他作者的成果，而有的人说引得越多，代表文章的水分也越多，也就是变成所谓的从引文里拼拼凑凑了，其实这些都没什么道理，适度即可，能说明自己的问题即可。
举个特殊的例子，比如综述，引的文献不少吧?你能说人家的水分大?反过来也一样，综述引文献也不可能面面俱到吧。再者，后面这说法还有问题：结果讨论部分如何拼凑呢?
论文参考文献数量一般是多少?
一般来讲，不限篇数，特别是你题目上写要读多少期刊，更没有要求。对这个问题的要求，不在篇数而在其它方面：
1、你所写专业里的经典文献你有没有读过，特别是一些经典的综述文章，你一定要读当然也应该引用.
2、你研究的专业里最新的文献看过没有，最好近五年的文献看了，再写文章.
3、你投稿的期刊所发表的文章你看过没有，建议也要引上一两篇.
写论文不能手头上有什么文献就算数，没有就不算数，因为学术的发展不是以咱们知道与否来决定的，因此一定要去查找文献
就是毕业论文的参考文献 至少需要10篇 期刊论文！！
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文献论文10篇
参考文献需要引用十篇论文
格式范例一：专著、论文集、报告[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码(可选).例如：[1]刘国钧,陈绍业.图书目录[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1957:15-18.二：期刊文章[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.例如：[1]何龄修.读南明史[J].中国史研究,1998,(3):167-173.[2]OU J P,SOONG T T,et advance in research on applications of passive energy dissipation systems[J].Earthquack Eng,1997,38(3):358-361.三：论文集中的析出文献[序号]析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名[A].原文献主要责任者(可选)原文献题名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.例如：[7]钟文发.非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用[A].赵炜.运筹学的理论与应用——中国运筹学会第五届大会论文集[C].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1996:468.四：学位论文[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[D].出版地:出版单位,出版年:起止页码(可选).例如：[4]赵天书.诺西肽分阶段补料分批发酵过程优化研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2013.五：报纸文章[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).例如：[8]谢希德.创造学习的新思路[N].人民日报,1998-12-25(10)六：电子文献[文献类型/载体类型标识]：[J/OL]网上期刊、[EB/OL]网上电子公告、[M/CD]光盘图书、[DB/OL]网上数据库、[DB/MT]磁带数据库[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].电子文献的出版或获得地址,发表更新日期/引用日期.例如：[12]王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展[EB/OL].1998-08-16/1998-10-01.[8]万锦.中国大学学报文摘(1983-1993).英文版[DB/CD].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1996.
就是毕业论文的参考文献 至少需要10篇 期刊论文！！
硕士学位论文的参考文献一般应不少于40篇，其中外文文献一般不少于20篇。博士学位论文的参考文献数一般应不少于100篇，其中外文文献一般不少于总数的1/2;参考文献中近五年的文献数一般应不少于总数的1/3,并应有近两年的参考文献。本科毕业设计主要参考文献要求10篇以上，其中外文文献2篇以上(指导教师认定为特殊类型的论文，可以不列外文参考文献)。参考文献必须是公开出版、发表的(含网上下载)着作或期刊(论文)，统一放在文后，并按文中出现的先后顺序，用阿拉伯数字进行自然编号，序码加方括号。但期刊论文中应该引用多少文献并没有明确规定，你该引用足够支持你论文的文献，而数量则视领域内存在的文献而定。如果你的课题很新，可能没有太多文献可以参考引用，相反地，如果你是进行先前已经所过的课题，可能就有很多文献。另外，这也关系到你的文章类型，综述文章通常会有很多参考文献。
阅读一篇学术论文读后感
做好这四点，让你读后感写的满分
《如何写学术论文》读后感(一)：“谨以此（中文简体字版）书献给我的挚爱陈万水，生生世世……”宋楚瑜先生亲民之风深受爱戴，然而2012年夫人陈万水的离世让他悲痛万分，此后便较少公开露面。宋楚瑜先生与夫人陈万水在美国读书时相识相恋，陈万水比他大，有“万水姐姐”之昵称，在宋楚瑜先生的仕途高低起伏时，万水姐姐永远相持相扶。宋楚瑜先生在夫人陈万水逝世周年出版《如瑜得水》，纪念爱妻，他说︰“我无法面对万水的辞世，伤痛得难以承受，没有了生命的伴侣，什么都感到是空的。”他午夜梦回常梦见妻子，“梦境中的万水，有美国柏克莱读书的青春，有华府驻外代表的繁忙，有中兴新村省长夫人的婉约，记忆中的她健康灿烂欢笑如昔”。而本次《如何写学术论文》中文简体字版在大陆的出版，宋楚瑜先生更是亲自对书稿进行修改审定，并在扉页上写下了，“谨以此（中文简体字版）书献给我的挚爱陈万水，生生世世……”，其中深情，可见一斑。《如何写学术论文》读后感(二)：期待更符合现代情况的论文写作方式看完这本书感觉是如何用纸笔写学术论文，看了一下还真的是1978年第一次出版，怪不得感觉还是和用计算机写论文有点区别。那个时候做笔记还是得用纸，写论文还是用纸，所以书上花了很大篇章来写怎么用小方块纸片写每个论文的关键叙述，要在每行留够间距方便改写。虽然是方法感觉还是很陈旧，但是核心思想肯定是没有问题的，比如要在相关性文章读到一半的时候写大纲，写好大纲之后再往里面填写材料，以及论文题目的缩小方法之类的还是很实用。但是看完了之后最大的感受还是要更加严谨，和平时写论文的方式出入也不是太大，只是更加系统了而已。看到那个笔记整理方法的时候，到是真的想要去买一些小纸条来做一下试试呢。个人认为这本书最大的缺点就是有点过于严谨了，参考文献的写法和图书分类方法以及资料库等方面的解释太多，这些东西现在直接导出参考文献不就好了吗？而在这本书里面直接有占据三分之一的篇幅，论述过多。还是希望能看到更符合现代的论文写作方式和方法。
读后感，是指看了某篇文章或某部作品后，根据自己的感想所写的文章（如果是看了某部影片或戏剧后所写的感想，叫“观后感”，与“读后感”的性质性同） 读后感属于议论文的范畴，但又不同于一般的议论文。 一般议论文，要求观点明确，论据典型，论证严密；而读后感最突出的特点是“读”和“感”的紧密结合。“读”，指读了何人、何文，文中有何事、何观点；“感”，是指读后有何感受。 “读”是“感”的基础，“感”是“读”的升华。就所读作品而言，“读”是“即”—对所读内容和感发点作必要的交代；“感”是“离”—根据感发点进行联想，谈感受。 “感”是“读”互相作用，不可脱节。 “读”和“感”的结合，一般采用两种形式：一是边述读（交代所读内容）边发感；二是先述读后发感。原则上讲，先述读后发感的形式比较好把握，适合初学写读后感的同学选用。 要写好读后感，除掌握以上基本的文体知识外，还必须把握以下几个写作步骤： 一、研读原文。只有研读好原文，才能对原文的内容和主旨有深刻全面的理解和把握，才能从中有所感悟，这是写好读后感的基础。 二、确立感发点。感发点是读后感的中心论点，又是文章的“入手处”。 一篇文，一本书，一部影视片，一出戏剧，内容有简有繁，线索有多有少，人物有主有次，观点有深有浅，写读后感不可能面面俱到。那么，怎样确立感发点呢？方法很简单。我们研读某篇作品后，必然会受到启发，有所感悟，而我们受启发最大、感悟最深的那一点（或几点），就可以确立为“感发点”。例如：写人为主的记叙文，感发点往往是人物最突出的精神、思想、品格等特点或最有价值的言论、行动。写事为主的记叙文，感发点往往是事件中所包含的意义、所反映的某种问题或普遍性的规律。议论文的感发点，一般是所读议论文的中心论点或分论点。其他文体感发点的确立的与此大同小异，不一一赘述。 三、述读与发感。 述读，指对所读文章的出处、篇名、作者、感发点等方面的交代，目的是使读者明白这篇读后感的由来，要发什么感。这些交代是必不可少的，否则，就会让读者不明白你的“感”由何而发。发感，是在述读和感发点的基础上，展开联想与引申，联系实际进行发挥，这是文章的主体部分。 联想与引申的原则是，要围绕感发点，要与原文材料有密切的联系。对联系的内容和实际还要进行必要的分析、议论或抒情，这样“感”才会深刻。这也是展开读后感主体部分最主要的方法。 另外，在论证感发点的过程中，要注意把两种论据紧密结合起来，一是所读原文的材料，二是联想和引申的材料。 四、读后感的结尾。结尾可概括中心，总结全文，或提出问题，发表看法，发人深思。“文无定则”，内容决定形式，采用什么形式结尾，要根据读后感的类型而定。 第五、写读后感常见的毛病。 1、述读原文多，无“感”或“感”少，喧宾夺主。有的同学写读后感，主体部分完全是复述原文的情节，或加进几句不痛不痒的评述。这些都违反读后的最基本要求。 2、评述原文多，无“感”而发，牵强附会。这类文章混淆了读后感与文学评论的界限，把无关紧要的内容勉强地扯在一起。也是有些同学最易犯的一个毛病。 3、空洞抽象，缺乏联想，没有引人入胜的新鲜想法。这类文章的主体部分往往展不开，主要是没有打有思路。 4、蜻蜓点水，面面俱到，没有重点。这类文章主要症结是没有把握原文的精神或主旨，没有确立好感发点的要点。 以上只举了最常见的四种毛病，在写作实际中可能不止这些。 读后感是一种重要的作文形式，只要同学们多读，多想，多练，不断总结写作经验，就一定会把读后感写好的。
英语阅读文章长篇
语文学教学不应局限于英美文学,应研究和评介各英语国家的优秀作家和作品。下面是我带来的英语长篇美文阅读，欢迎阅读!
Just two for breakfast 两个人的早餐
When my husband and I celebrated our 38th wedding anniversary at our favorite restaurant, Lenny, the piano player, asked, "How did you do it?"
I knew there was no simple answer, but as the weekend approached, I wondered if one reason might be our ritual of breakfast in bed every Saturday and Sunday.
It all started with the breakfast tray my mother gave us as a wedding gift. It had a glass top and slatted wooden side pockets for the morning paper the kind you used to see in the movies. Mother loved her movies, and although she rarely had breakfast in bed, she held high hopes for her daughter. My adoring bridegroom took the message to heart.
Feeling guilty, I suggested we take turns. Despite grumblings -- "hate crumbs in my bed" ---Sunday morning found my spouse eagerly awaiting his tray. Soon these weekend breakfasts became such a part of our lives that I never even thought about them. I only knew we treasured this separate, blissful time read, relax, forget the things we should remember.
Sifting through the years, I recalled how our weekends changed, but that we still preserved the ritual. We started our family (as new parents, we slept after breakfast more than we read), but we always found our way back to where we started, just two for breakfast, one on Saturday and one on Sunday.
When we had more time, my tray became more festive. First it was fruit slices placed in geometric pattern; then came flowers from our garden .This arranger of mine had developed a flair for decorating, using everything from amaryllis to the buds of a maple tree. My husband said my cooking inspired him. Mother would have approved. Perhaps it was the Saturday when the big strawberry wore a daisy hat that I began to think, how can I top this? One dark winter night I woke with a vision of a snowman on a tray. That Sunday I scooped a handful of snow and in no time had my man made. With a flourish I put a miniature pinecone on his head.
As I delivered the tray, complete with a nicely frozen snowman, I waited for a reaction. There was none but as I headed down the stairs I heard a whoop of laughter and then, "You've won! Yes, sir, you've won the prize!"
Put time where love is 舍得为爱付出时间
During my 25 years as a marital therapist, I have seen hundreds of people disappointed over unfulfilling relationships. I have seen passion turn to poison. I have grieved with patients for the love they lost or never found.
"We seemed to love so much, but now it's gone," one woman lamented to me. "Why do I feel so lonely every night even when he is right there beside me? Why can't marriage be more than this?"
It can. I was once invited to the 60th-anniversary celebration of a remarkable couple. I asked the husband, Peter, if he ever felt lonely and wondered where the love between him and Lita had gone. Peter laughed and said, "If you wonder where your love went, you forgot that you are the one who makes it. Love is not out there; it's in here between Lita and me."
I know we can love deeply, tenderly and lastingly. I have seen such love, and I have felt such love myself. Here are the law I have discovered for such lasting and loving relationships---put time where love is.
A fulfilling marriage begins when two people make time together their priority. If we hope to find love, we must first find time for loving.
Unfortunately, current psychology rests on the model of the independent ego. To make a lasting marriage we have to overcome self-centeredness. We must go beyond what psychologist Abraham Maslow called "self-actualization" to "us-actualization". We have to learn to put time where love is.
Many couples have experienced a tragic moment that taught them to value their time together. One husband related how he sat trapped in his car after a crash. His wife was outside, crying and banging on the window. "I thought I was going to die before we had enough time together." He told me. "Right then I promised to make the time to love my wife. Our time is our own now, and those hours are sacred."
I am nature's greatest miracle. 我是自然界最伟大的奇迹
I am nature's greatest miracle.
Although I am of the animal kingdom, animal rewards alone will not satisfy me. Within me burns a flame, which has been passed from generations uncounted and its heat is a constant irritation to my spirit to become better than I am, and I will. I will fan this flame of dissatisfaction and proclaim my uniqueness to the world.
None can duplicate my brush strokes, none can make my chisel marks, none can duplicate my handwriting, none can produce my child, and, in truth, none has the ability to sell exactly as I. Henceforth, I will capitalize on this difference for it is an asset to be promoted to the fullest.
I am nature's greatest miracle.
Vain attempts to imitate others no longer will I make. Instead will I place my uniqueness on display in the market place. I will proclaim it, yea, I will sell it. I will begin now to accent my differences; hide my similarities. So too will I apply this principle to the goods I sell. Salesman and goods, different from all others, and proud of the difference.
I am a unique creature of nature.
I am rare, and there is value in all rarity; therefore, I am valuable. I am the end product of thousands of years of evolution; therefore, I am better equipped in both mind and body than all the emperors and wise men who preceded me.
But my skills, my mind, my heart, and my body will stagnate, rot, and die lest I put them to good use. I have unlimited potential. Only a small portion of my brain do I employ; only a paltry amount of my muscles do I flex. A hundredfold or more can I increase my accomplishments of yesterday and this I will do, beginning today.
Nevermore will I be satisfied with yesterday's accomplishments nor will I indulge, anymore, in self-praise for deeds which in reality are too small to even acknowledge. I can accomplish far more than I have, and I will, for why should the miracle which produced me end with my birth? Why can I not extend that miracle to my deeds of today?
I am nature's greatest miracle.
I am not on this earth by chance. I am here for a purpose and that purpose is to grow into a mountain, not to shrink to a grain of sand. Henceforth will I apply all my efforts to become the highest mountain of all and I will strain my potential until it cries for mercy.
I will increase my knowledge of mankind, myself, and the goods I sell, thus my sales will multiply. I will practice, and improve, and polish the words I utter to sell my goods, for this is the foundation on which I will build my career and never will I forget that many have attained great wealth and success with only one sales talk, delivered with excellence. Also will I seek constantly to improve my manners and graces, for they are the sugar to which all are attracted.
I am nature's greatest miracle.
I will concentrate my energy on the challenge of the moment and my actions will help me forget all else. The problems of my home will be left in my home. I will think naught of my family when I am in the market place for this will cloud my thoughts. So too will the problems of the market place be left in the market place and I will think naught of my profession when I am in my home for this will dampen my love.
There is no room in the market place for my family, nor is there room in my home for the market. Each I will divorce from the other and thus will I remain wedded to both. Separate must they remain or my career will die. This is a paradox of the ages.
I am nature's greatest miracle.
I have been given eyes to see and a mind to think and now I know a great secret of life for I perceive, at last, that all my problems, discouragements, and heartaches are, in truth, great opportunities in disguise. I will no longer be fooled by the garments they wear for mine eyes are open. I will look beyond the cloth and I will not be deceived.
I am nature's greatest miracle.
No beast, no plant, no wind, no rain, no rock, no lake had the same beginning as I, for I was conceived in love and brought forth with a purpose. In the past I have not considered this fact but it will henceforth shape and guide my life.
I am nature's greatest miracle.
And nature knows not defeat. Eventually, she emerges victorious and so will I, and with each victory the next struggle becomes less difficult.
I will win, and I will become a great salesman, for I am unique.
I am nature's greatest miracle.
阅读是人们通过语篇了解外部世界并且获得资讯的一种重要方式。随着科学技术的蓬勃发展,阅读的重要性越来越明显。下面是我带来的，欢迎阅读!
1
女效能顶国际政治半边天的时代
“We’ve had enough of these boys messing about.” This is what Anna Soubry, UK’s former business minister, said earlier last month, offering her backing of Theresa May in the running to bee the UK’s next prime minister.
“我们受够了这些男生们的捣乱了。”英国前商务大臣安娜•索布里在上月早些时候如是说道，对于特蕾莎•梅参选下一任英国首相表示支援。
Soubry was indicating that it was time for women to step up to “clear up the mess created by the men”.
索布里指出，是时候让女性们走到台前，收拾这些男性们制造出来的混乱了。
Women are starting to take power in more and more important positions in recent years.
近几年，女性在职场中逐渐身居要职。
According to a new list piled by Agence France Presse AFP, the world’s 10 most powerful women who made their way above the “glass ceiling”–the invisible barrier that keeps women from rising beyond a certain level in hierarchy
法新社最近就列出了突破“玻璃天花板”在社会阶层中阻碍女性晋升的无形壁垒的世界十大女强人，
includes the US’ first female presidential nominee Hillary Clinton, head of the US Federal Reserve Janet Yellen, and Director-General of the World Health Organization, Margaret Chan.
美国首位女性总统候选人希拉里•克林顿、美国联邦储备委员会主席珍妮特•耶伦，世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍都位列其中。
There is something interesting with the AFP list though: A majority of the 10 women are over 60, the rough age when some women bee grandmothers.
在法新社给出的榜单中，一个很有趣的现象是：在这10位女性中，大部分人都年过六旬，正是一些人当祖母的年纪。
In fact, this might be the best proof of how aging–a factor that has always been considered as a disadvantage, especially for women–has begun to turn into an edge, for women.
事实上，这或许能最好地证明，上了年纪逐渐成为女性的一大优势。而在过去，这一直被认为是一项劣势，尤其对于女性而言。
According to The Atlantic, the reasons behind the phenomenon may include that today’s older women are better educated and experienced than any generations before.
据美国《大西洋月刊》报道，这种现象背后的原因在于，如今这些年长的女性，或许比以往任何一代人都更有经验，受过更好的教育。
It is also because of society’s changing perceptions about what women can achieve–after being held back in their middle age years raising kids and running domestic lives, older women are now more likely to start again instead of retiring into a peaceful life of cooking and gardening.
这也源于整个社会在女性成就的观念上有所改变——在度过了照顾孩子和操持家务的忙碌中年后，如今的年长女性更愿意重新开始自己的事业，而不是赋闲在家，享受做饭、养花的退休生活。
Also, according to the UK’s Conservative peer, Baroness Jenkin of Kennington, people are growing to be more trusting toward female leaders pared to their male counterparts, especially during periods of instability.
除此之外，英国保守党人，肯宁顿的詹金男爵夫人还认为，和男性领导人相比，现在的人们对于女性领导人更为信任，尤其在动荡时期。
“They feel that at a time of turmoil, a woman will be more practical and a bit less testosterone in their approach.
“人们认为，在动荡时期女性会更为务实，而在行为方式上，也会更少地被男性激素所影响。
More collaborative, more willing to listen to voices around the table, less likely to have an instantly aggressive approach to things,” she told The Guardian.
女性会更愿意合作，愿意去倾听周围的声音，而不太会采取一些激进的手段，”她在接受英国《卫报》采访时表示。
In fact, this changing atmosphere in gender equality is spreading all over the world and across women of all ages.
事实上，这种在性别平等方面有所改变的社会风尚，已经扩散到了世界各地各个年龄层的女性当中。
In the just-ended Rio Olympics, for example, among the 121 medals under the belt of the US team, 55 were won by men while 61 were captured by women. The rest five were in mixed events.
比如，在刚刚结束的里约奥运会上，美国代表队将121块奖牌收入囊中。其中，55块奖牌由男性摘得，61块奖牌由女性斩获，而剩下的5块则在男女混合专案中获得。
When US gymnast Simone Biles sealed four golds and a bronze, she said, “I’m not the next Usain Bolt or Michael Phelps. I’m the first Simone Biles.”
美国体操女运动员西蒙•拜尔斯在囊括了四枚金牌和一枚铜牌后说道，“我不是下一位尤塞恩•博尔特或是迈克尔•菲尔普斯。我是第一位西蒙•拜尔斯。”
2
姗姗来迟的苹果中国研发中心
Until recently, Apple research and development centres never fell far from the tree. The group still does no significant research and development outside the US. Its head office in Cupertino keeps a strong hold on the core design of its products.
直到最近，苹果Apple的研发中心从未与总部相隔太远。该集团目前依然没有重要的研发工作放在美国之外。苹果在库比蒂诺Cupertino的总部依然牢牢掌控著其产品的核心设计。
Last week, though, chief executive Tim Cook said Apple planned to open a research centre in China, where its products are made, rather than researched or developed. He has strong mercial reasons to plant more Apple flags.
然而，苹果执行长蒂姆•库克Tim Cook上周表示，苹果计划在中国设立一个研究中心。苹果的产品在中国制造，但却不是在中国研究或者开发出来的。从商业角度而言，库克有充分理由在更多地方插上苹果的旗帜。
Apple sales in China have been dented by local rivals such as Huawei. Mr Cook’s announcement came while he met vice premier Zhang Gaoli — a reminder that R&D centres punch above their weight politically.
苹果在华销售遭到华为Huawei等中国本土竞争对手的蚕食。库克是在和中国副 *** 会面时宣布此事的——这提醒人们，从政治角度而言，研发中心具有超乎其本身的重要性。
Foreign investors do not have to mit much money or employ many scientists to build an R&D hub, but the suggestion that they detect some magical innovation-fertiliser in the local water is like catnip to politicians.
外国投资者不必投入太多钱或雇佣太多科学家就能建立一个研发中心，但是，外国投资者在当地水土中发现了某种神奇“创新肥料”的迹象，对政治人士而言就像猫薄荷之于猫一样有巨大的吸引力。
In return for handing over the keys to land, granting planning permission and even ladling on subsidies, the mayor or minister briefly gets to look as clever as the people the new R&D hub will hire.
市长或者部长移交土地使用权、授予规划许可、甚至是大量提供补贴，作为回报，他们在短时间里能够显得像新研发中心将要雇佣的那些人一样聪明。
The question in Apple’s case is what took it so long?
就苹果而言，令人不解的问题是它为何花了这么长时间才做出这一决定呢?
Multinationals’ habit of setting up research centres abroad is more than 50 years old, and international panies’ interest in setting down research roots in developing countries dates at least to the early 2000s.
跨国公司在海外设立研究中心的惯用做法可以追溯到50多年前，而跨国企业在发展中国家设立研究分支的兴趣至少可以追溯到2000年代初。
When IBM wanted to establish a non-US R&D centre in the 1950s, it sent an engineer called Arthur Samuel to scout sites in Europe.
上世纪50年代，IBM想要在美国以外建立一个研发中心，于是派出一个名叫阿瑟•塞缪尔Arthur Samuel的工程师在欧洲寻觅合适的地点。
Samuel described the London suburbs he visited as “the most di *** al places that I have ever seen”. He was drawn instead to Zurich by its “proximity to talent”.
塞缪尔把他到访的伦敦郊区称为“我见过的最差劲的地方”。相反，“接近人才”的苏黎世吸引了他。
This remains among the most popular reasons for panies’ choice of foreign R&D locations, according to fDi Markets, the Financial Times’ cross-border investment research service.
英国《金融时报》旗下跨境投资研究服务机构fDi Markets的研究表明，这一点依然是企业将某个地点选为海外研发中心地址的原因中最普遍的一个。
IBM’s Swiss facility fostered four Nobel laureates but R&D strategy has since evolved to put fast-growing markets and customers closer to the centre.
IBM的瑞士研发中心培养了4名诺贝尔奖得主，但此后研发中心的选址策略转变为让研发中心更靠近快速发展的市场和客户。
Jaideep Prabhu of Cambridge’s Judge Business School says Apple might have held back from China so far because of worries about intellectual property leaking into a market notorious for knock-offs of its flagship products.
英国剑桥大学Cambridge嘉治商学院Judge Business School的贾伊迪普•普拉布Jaideep Prabhu表示，苹果一直到现在才决定在中国设立研发中心的原因，可能是苹果担忧其智慧财产权会泄露——中国是一个因为“山寨”苹果旗舰产品而声名狼藉的市场。
But when he studied the research centre phenomenon in the mid-2000s, he found many large panies were already challenging the idea that R&D was “too important to be offshored”.
但当他研究了2000年代中期的研发中心现象后，他发现很多大公司已经在挑战这一观念，即研发“太重要，以至于不能设在海外”。
The quality of skilled local researchers was the main attraction of Bangalore or Shanghai. The fact they could be hired for much less than in New York or Silicon Valley added to the allure.
当地高水平的熟练研?a href='' target='_blank'>咳嗽笔前嗉勇薅?蛘呱虾5闹饕???ΑT僬撸?笠的芄灰员仍谂υ蓟蛘吖韫鹊偷枚嗟某杀竟陀墩庑┤嗽币苍銮苛苏庑┑胤降奈??Α?/p>
3
WhatsApp将允许企业向用户推送讯息
WhatsApp is changing its privacy policy to allow businesses to message its billion-plus users, opening up a potential revenue stream for the Facebook-owned app.
WhatsApp将要改变其隐私政策，允许企业向其10多亿使用者传送讯息，为这家Facebook旗下应用开辟一条潜在收入来源。
The policy shake-up — the first since it was acquired by Facebook in early 2014 — will allow panies to send messages that many people now receive by SMS.
这是自WhatsApp自2014年初被Facebook收购以后首次进行的重大政策变动，该决定将允许企业向许多现在通过简讯SMS接受讯息的人传送讯息。
WhatsApp plans to test these new services, such as fraud alerts from banks and updates from airlines on delayed flights, in the next few months.
WhatsApp计划在接下来几个月测试这些新服务，比如银行发出的欺诈警报，航空公司更新航班延误。
But the pany said it would not put so-called banner adverts in messages.
但该公司表示不会把所谓的横幅广告放在讯息里。
It reiterated that its end-to-end encryption meant it did not have access to the content of messages nor did it regularly store metadata on who contacts whom.
WhatsApp重申，其端到端加密意味着它看不到讯息内容，它也不会常态化储存有关谁在跟谁联络的元资料。
“We want to explore ways for you to municate with businesses that matter to you, while still giving you an experience without third-party banner ads and spam,” it said in a blog post.
WhatsApp在一篇部落格中表示：“我们希望探索各种方式，让你同对你重要的企业保持沟通，同时仍然给你一种没有第三方横幅广告或垃圾资讯的体验。”
The new privacy policy will allow Facebook’s main app to use the phone number a user provides to WhatsApp to allow marketers to target advertisements.
新的隐私政策将允许Facebook的主要应用使用使用者提供给WhatsApp的电话号码，允许营销者投放定向广告。
The number used by WhatsApp will bee part of an existing database that can be anonymously matched with panies’ own customer lists to create an audience to show a particular marketing message.
WhatsApp的使用者电话号码将成为现有资料库的一部分，该资料库可以与企业自有客户名单进行匿名匹配，从而创造一个受众群体，可向其展示特定营销资讯。
Facebook will also be able to use the number to suggest friends to add and to track whether a user has both WhatsApp and the Facebook app on their phone.
Facebook也将可以使用这一号码建议新增朋友，或追踪一位使用者是否在手机上同时装有WhatsApp和Facebook应用。
This is the first time that WhatsApp has shared any user data with its parent.
这是WhatsApp首次与母公司共享使用者资料。
When Facebook acquired WhatsApp for $22bn, some feared that the social network would change the privacy policy, mine its data or start showing adverts to users in their messaging stream.
当Facebook以220亿美元收购WhatsApp时，就有人担心这家社交网路会改变隐私政策，挖掘其资料，或开始在讯息流中向用户显示广告。
“Your encrypted messages stay private and no one else can read them. Not WhatsApp, not Facebook, nor anyone else,” the WhatsApp blog post said.
WhatsApp在部落格中表示：“您的资讯仍会被加密并保持私密，没有人包括 WhatsApp、Facebook或其他人可以读取内容。
“We won’t post or share your WhatsApp number with others, including on Facebook, and we still won’t sell, share, or give your phone number to advertisers.”
我们不会与包括Facebook在内的其他平台共享或释出您的WhatsApp电话号码，我们亦不会将您的电话号码出售、提供给广告商，或与其共享。”
语言学习与 文化 学习是交织在一起的，语言习得者要掌握好一门语言，尤其是第二语言，具备充足的文化背景知识是必不可少的。下面是我带来的英文长篇美文阅读，欢迎阅读!英文长篇美文阅读篇一 Americans have any morals Do Americans have any morals? That's a good question. Many people insist that ideas about right and wrong are merely personal opinions. Some voices, though, are calling Americans back to traditional moral values. William J. Bennett, former . Secretary of Education, edited The Book of Virtues in 1993 to do just that. Bennett suggests that great moral stories can build character. The success of Bennett's book shows that many Americans still believe in moral values. But what are they? 美国人还有道德吗?这是个好问题。许多人坚持对与错乃是个人的意见。但是，还是有些人在呼唤美国人回到传统的道德价值里去。威廉。班奈特，前任美国 教育 部长，正是为了此目的而在一九九三年编辑了「美德」这本书。班奈特认为伟大的道德 故事 可以建造性格。班奈持这本书的成功显示了许多美国人仍然相信道德的价值。但是它们到底为何? To begin with, moral values in America are like those in any culture. In fact, many aspects of morality are universal. But the stories and traditions that teach them are unique to each culture. Not only that, but culture influences how people show these virtues. 最开始，道德价值在美国就像在任何 其它 的文化一样。事实上，许多道德的观点是全球一致的。但是，不同的文化则有不同的故事和传统来教导它们。不仅如此，文化也影响了人民如何表现这些美德。 One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well-known legend about George Washington and the cherry tree teaches this value clearly. Little George cut down his father's favorite cherry tree while trying out his new hatchet. When his father asked him about it, George said, “I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my hatchet.” Instead of punishment, George received praise for telling the truth. Sometimes American honesty-being open and direct-can offend people. But Americans still believe that “honesty is the best policy.” 美国人最基本的道德价值之一是诚实。众所周知的乔治。华盛顿砍樱桃树的故事，即将此道德教导地极为清楚。小乔治在试他新斧头时砍倒了爸爸最心爱的樱桃树。当爸爸问他的时候，乔治说，「我不能说谎，我用我的斧头砍了它。」乔治非但未被惩罚，反而因为诚实而被赞赏。有时候美国人仍然相信「诚实是最上策」 Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember Aesop's fable about the turtle and the rabbit that had a race? The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a nap. But the turtle finally won because he did not give up. Another story tells of a little train that had to climb a steep hill. The hill was so steep that the little train had a hard time trying to get over it. But the train just kept pulling, all the while saying, “I think I can, I think I can.” At last, the train was over the top of the hill. “I thought I could, I thought I could,” chugged the happy little train. 另外一个为美国人所尊崇的美德为坚忍。记得再龟兔赛跑这则伊索寓言吗?兔子以为它可以赢的很轻松，便睡了个午觉，但是乌龟再最后终因不放弃而赢了这场比赛。另一个故事谈到一个必须爬过陡峭山头的小火车，山头是这么陡，以至于小火车很难爬上去，但是它仍不断地爬，并不停地说：「我想我能做到，我能做到。」最后，火车终于爬过了山头，「我就知道我可以。」这个快乐的小火车继续往前去。 Compassion may be the queen of American virtues. The story of “The Good Samaritan” from the Bible describes a man who showed compassion. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kind Samaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in need. Compassion can even turn into a positive cycle. In fall 1992, people in Iowa sent truckloads of water to help Floridians hit by a hurricane. The next summer, during the Midwest flooding, Florida returned the favor. In less dramatic ways, millions of Americans are quietly passing along the kindnesses shown to them. 同情心，可能是美国的道德之最了。圣经中的「好撒玛利亚人」的故事，描述一个流露同情心的人。在这个撒玛利亚人出发去某城市的途中，看到一个可怜的旅客躺在路旁。这旅客被鞭打、抢劫，这位仁慈的撒玛利亚人非但没有视而不见，反而停下来帮助这位有需要的人。同情心还可以变成一个正面循环，在一九九二年的秋天，爱荷华州的居民将好几辆卡车的水送到受飓风侵袭的佛罗里达州;而就在第二年夏天，当中西部闹水灾的时候，佛州人便投挑报李。数以百万计的美国人民正用较不醒目的方式回报人们向他们表达的善意。 In no way can this brief description cover all the moral values honored by Americans. Courage, responsibility, loyalty, gratitude and many others could be discussed. In fact, Bennett's bestseller-over 800 pages-highlights just 10 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has only scratched the surface. But no matter how long or short the list, moral values are invaluable. They are the foundation of American culture-and any culture. 在这么一篇短短的 文章 里，无论如何也不能将美国人所尊崇的道德述尽。勇气、责任心、忠诚、感激之心还有许多其它可以讨论的。事实上，班奈特最畅销的书──超过八百页──只谈到了十种美德。即使班奈特也承认他只谈到了皮毛而已。但是不论这张道德表是多长或短，道德价值都是无价的。他们是美国文化──和任何其它国家的文化之基础