Supported by Coal-Based Key Science and Technology Program of Shanxi Province (FT2014-03).

第一，加强统一规范管理，健全“三新”统计制度体系，提高分类科学性和管理规范性。要紧密结合当前国家关于“三新”统计的要求，认真梳理和分析，对“三新”经济行业分类情况进行前期摸底调研。总结目前的分类情况，结合“三新”行业实际，深入研究行业划分标准，完善基础分类制度，制定具体的统计目标、指标、标准、内容和方法，完善调查统计制度和监测制度，完善关联的法人政策体系和基础平台。借助现代互联网技术等加强信息分析和综合调度，探索“三新”经济新的统计核算方法，从而对“三新”经济发展规模、组织结构、管理成效等进行全面统计分析，找出存在的问题，加以整改，不断推动“三新”经济统计工作扎实推进。

1 Introduction

Fomitiporia spp. are a very important class of medicinal fungi that contain triterpenoids, dextran, flavonoids and other functional ingredients. They have a very important value for the development of human health care products. Some people used to consider these fungi were analogues of the complexes of Phellinuspunctatus-robustus[1], but recent studies suggest that these two species belong to different genera. Fomitiporia spp. form a distinguishable and single branch in the molecular phylogeny[2]. In taxonomy research, the application of molecular biology techniques to the traditional taxonomy research has made tremendous progress in recent years. Thus, the taxonomy of Fomitiporia has also evolved, and some new species have been reported[3-5]. In the autumn of 2015, a strain of Fomitiporia was collected from the rotten wood of sea buckthorn in Yanbei area of Shanxi Province. The morphological observation and ITS sequencing analysis showed that this strain had the obvious characteristics of Fomitiporia and formed a separated branch in the phylogenetic tree, thus confirming that the strain is a new species of Fomitiporia, named as Fomitiporiayanbeiensis S. Guo & L. Zhou. The morphological characteristics, molecular biological characteristics and phylogeny of F. yanbeiensis are reported below.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Specimen and strain In October 2015, a wild strain (SXSYJBB1510) of Fomitiporia was collected from Yanbei area of Shanxi Province, which grew in the rotten wood of sea buckthorn. The collection site (39°98′ N, 112°47′ E) has an altitude of 1 352 m. The pure strain (SXSYJJZ No. 1510) was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies, which was preserved in the Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and sent to the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences as well (CGMCC No. 13380).

2.2 Obtaining of pure strain The used medium was conventional PDA medium (pH 6.0). First of all, the surface of the fruiting bodies was disinfected with potassium permanganate or ethanol. Subsequently, the internal part of the fruiting bodies was cut off under sterile conditions, inoculated to sterilized PDA medium and incubated in the dark at 27℃.

2.3 Morphological identification The color, shape, texture, edge, pileus, stipe, ornamentation, as well as whether there were burrs, of the fungus specimen were observed with the naked eyes. The size and profile length and width of the thallus were recorded.

With Melzer reagent as the floating carrier, slices were prepared to observe the amyloid reaction or the dextrin reaction of mycelial system. With 5% KOH as the floating carrier, slices were prepared to observe the changes, trama and mycelium arrangement in the mycelial system. In the cotton blue slices, the cyanophilous of the mycelia was observed. Simultaneously, the responses of the reproductive mycelia, skeletal mycelia, cystidia or thylakoids in the Melzer and cotton blue reagents were observed.

2.5 Phylogenetic tree analysis A total of 21 specimens and the reference sequences of 14 species (Table 1) of Fomitiporia were selected from GenBank for constructing phylogenetic tree. Automatic alignment, sequence alignment, further optimization and manual adjustment of nucleotide sequences were carried out using the ClustalX2.0.11 software to construct ITS-based phylogenetic tree. The two species, Fomitiporiahippophaeicola MUCL 31746 and Fomitiporiahippophaeicola MUCL 317747 which have the same hose were selected as the outer group. The value of Bootstrap was set as 1 000, and the Values were greater than 50%.

3.3 Molecular phylogenetic analysis After the BLAST analysis, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence segments of the strains with homology greater than 90% were downloaded, which were aligned with that of F. yanbeiensis by using ClustalX2.0.11. With Fomitiporiahippophaeicola MUCL 31747 as outgroup, neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega5 (Fig.3). F. yanbeiensis was clustered in the same branch with some species of Fomitiporia with a similarity of 100%. The constructed phylogenetic tree showed that from the perspective of phylogenetic position, F. yanbeiensis belongs to Fomitiporia. Based on the morphological characteristics, the comparisons with other Fomitiporia spp. and the phylogenetic analysis, F. yanbeiensis was confirmed as a new taxon in the genus Fomitiporia.

12月14日至16日，石破天惊般“出土”的石峁城址吸引了来自《诗刊》《诗潮》《绿风》等全国30余名著名文学期刊主编诗人前来踏访采风。

The Sanger sequencing result was uploaded to the NCBI to obtain the access number (KT861405.1). This sequence was subjected to BLAST analysis. The results showed that the ITS sequence of the new strain had a very high homology with those of some species of Fomitiporia.

自然灾害救助本身所具有的公共性和公益性等特点以及我国自然灾害频发等现状使得我国承担巨灾损失的主要力量是政府。灾害发生后，我国灾害救助主要采取中央财政拨款无偿救济灾民的模式，根据具体的受灾情况由国家财政对灾区的损失进行相应的补偿。但是，中央财政自然灾害生活补助资金占自然灾害直接经济损失的比重偏低（见表1），难以有效补偿灾害带来的巨额经济损失。另外，此类行为是一种依靠国家财政拨款来实施救助的行为，强调的是社会公平，难以实现较高的补偿效率，单一的政府救灾体制机制不能满足灾害损失后受灾体可持续发展的需要［1］。

“芒果基地看百色，百色芒果阳圩甜。”作为全国最大的芒果生产基地，阳圩农场是百色市芒果果品质量最优、售价最高的种植区之一。多年来，农场致力于优化芒果品种结构，实现芒果良种化，大力推广发展台农1号、金煌芒、桂热十号、贵妃、玉文6号、凯特等优质品种，成了名副其实的金色“果篮”。其中，台农1号芒果获得了2017年广西“十万大山”品牌产品一等品、“广西名牌产品”等荣誉称号，列入了国家农产品地理标志登记产品。

Table 1 Collections, and GenBank accession numbers of relevant strains used for phylogenetic tree analysis

Genus/speciesnamesVoucherLocalityGenBankaccessionNo．AuthorsFomitiporiaaethiopicaMUCL44777(T)EthiopiaAY618204Decock．MUCL44806EthiopiaAY618202Decock．FomitiporiabakeriMUCL51098USAJQ087874Vlasak&KoutFomitiporiabannaensisMUCL45926ThailandGU461942Y．C．DaiMUCL46950ChinaGU461943Y．C．DaiFomitiporiacupressicolaMUCL52486(T)MexicoJQ087877Amalfi．FomitiporiadryophilaMUCL46379USAEF429240Murrill．FomitiporiaerectaMUCL49871FranceGU461939A．David．FomitiporiagabonensisMUCL47576(T)GabonGU461971Amalfi&DecockFomitiporiasp．GL⁃2016ChinaKT861405FomitiporiahippophaeicolaMUCL31746BelgiumGU461945Fiasson&NiemelaMUCL31747BelgiumGU461946Fiasson&NiemelaFomitiporiapunctateMUCL34101GermanyAY618200Murrill．MUCL47629JapanGU461982Murrill．MUCL53548EuropeJX093834Murrill．FomitiporiarobustaMUCL51297EstoniaJQ087892Fiasson&NiemelaMUCL51327CzechGU461949Fiasson&NiemelaFomitiporiasp．MUCL53009SouthAfricaJQ087890Amalfi．FomitiporiatenuisMUCL49948GabonGU461958Decock．FomitiporiatorreyaeMUCL47628JapanJQ087896Y．C．Dai&B．K．CuiFomitiporiaPS3MUCL52350MexicoJQ087885Amalfi．

3 Results and analysis

3.1 Morphological characteristics The basidiocarp is perennial. The dried fruiting body, with pileus but without stipe, is woody, horseshoe-shaped, solitary, odor-free and suberized. It generally grows procumbently and scrolls backward sometimes. Single pileus has length of 5-7 cm, width of 2-4 cm and thickness of 1-2 cm. The upper surface of pilei is tan and tough and has no concentric rings; while the lower surface is green brown and suberized and has concentric rings. The edge of the pilei is tan and passivated. The context is also yellow-brown, up to 30 mm thick. The tube is brown and woody, and its color is slightly darker than that of the context (Fig.1).

为了验证所提出的频率协调控制的有效性,通过搭建MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型进行验证。柴储混合电力系统模型参数取值如表1所示。

The basidiospores are spherical or subglobose, smooth and colorless. The walls are thick. They show starch reaction in the Melzer reagent and no cyanine in the cotton blue reagent. The size is (4.0-5.1) μm × (5.4-6.1) μm, with average length of 4.52 μm, average width of 4.18 μm and length to width ratio of about 1.08. There are cystidia in the hymenium with thin wall, no bristles and size of (4.6-8.0) μm × (3.8-4.0) μm. The basidium is barrel and cannot bear sterigma, and its size is about (6.0-12.0) μm × (4.0-6.5) μm. There are very few basidioles, of which the shape is similar to that of basidia, but the size is slightly smaller.

The context of reproductive mycelia is colorless or light yellow; the amount is very little; the wall is thinner or slightly thicker; there are branches sometimes; and the diameter is about 1.4-2.5 μm. The context of skeletal mycelia is more and tawny to rust brown with thick wall, one lumen, intertwined branches and a diameter of 1.7-3.2 μm.

The tubes in reproductive mycelia are less, colorless, thin-walled and 2.0-3.0 μm in diameter, and they branch sometimes. The tubes in skeletal mycelia are more, yellow-brown and thick-walled. They are arranged in parallel along the body of the fungus, with a diameter of 2.5-4.8 μm.

各镇、各单位要利用多种形式，积极宣传农田林网建设与改善生态环境、提高人民群众生活质量的关系，与抵御自然灾害、改善农业生产条件的内在联系。积极宣传绿化先进典型，曝光毁林案件，通过一系列宣传教育，不断提高广大干部群众的绿化、美化意识，形成“植绿、爱绿、护绿、兴绿”和“保护生态、绿化家园”的文明行为，进一步增强农民群众建设农田林网的热情，形成全民动员、全民参与、全民动手，推进农田林网建设的浓烈氛围。

The mycelial system is monomitic. The reproductive mycelia have lock-lick combination. The skeletal mycelia show negative reaction in the Melzer reagent and cotton blue reagent; but they show no reaction in the KOH reagent, i.e., no digestion or no expansion.

The mode specimen was stored in the Institute of Edible Fungi of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SXSYJBB1510). The host is sea buckthorn. The collection site is located in Yanbei area of Shanxi Province (39°98′ N, 112°47′ E), with an altitude of 1 352 m.

3.2 DNA sequencing identification The results of micro-volume spectrophotometer analysis showed that the values of OD260/280 and OD260/230 were 1.68 and 1 213 respectively, and the concentration of the extracted DNA was 47.2 ng/μL, indicating that the extracted genome had high quality and good purity, which met the requirement of downstream PCR. With the genome of F. yanbeiensis as the template, DNA amplification was conducted (Fig.2).

Note: A-C: fruiting bodies on sea buckthorn trees; Bar = 5 cm.

Fig.1 Fomitiporiayanbeiensis

2.4 Molecular biological analysis The collected new strain of Fomitiporia was cultured in PDA medium. The DNA was extraction with the CTAB method, of which the purity and integrity were examined by micro-spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis. With ITS5 as the primer, PCR amplification was conducted for the extracted ITS DNA according to the following program: 95℃ 2 min, 57℃ 1 min, 72℃ 1 min, 35 cycles, 72℃ 10 min.

Fig.2 Gel electrophoresis results of ITS PCR products

According to the characteristics of the specimen and the ecological environment of the collection site, the strain was identified referring to relevant information[6].

4 Discussions

According to the records, 37 species of Fomitiporia have been reported[7], which is an independent taxon in the family Hymenochaetaceae[8]. Among them, 13 species have been presently reported in China[4]. The new strain has the representative characteristics of genus Fomitiporia, so F. yanbeiensis can be confirmed as a species of Fomitiporia.

油松（Pinus tabulateformis）也是西丰县人工林主要组成部分，营造时间为1960-1968年间，全县共有人工油松纯林10533公顷；其中划为商品林的7533公顷（集体6533公顷；国有1000公顷）。

Note: The confidence values of 50 or above from 1 000-replicate bootstrap sampling are shown at the nodes, and the GenBank accession numbers are shown. Bars = distance corresponding to 10 base changes per 100 nucleotide positions.

Fig.3 Molecular phylogenetic tree constructed based on rDNA-ITS sequences ofFomitiporiayanbeiensis (obtained from this study) and relatedFomitiporia strains (obtained from GenBank)

In recent years, DNA barcode technology has been applied to study taxonomy, which provides an accurate and reliable identification mean for microorganisms, especially fungi classification. ITS sequence analysis is regarded as one of the simple and effective methods for microbial species identification[9-10]. In this study, the results of BLAST analysis showed that the ITS sequence of F. yanbeiensis, in length of 789 bp, has a close genetic relationships with those of the representative species of genus Fomitiporia[1] (i.e., the similarity ranged between 95%-96%), but has a distant genetic relationships with the other species (i.e., the similarity is below 91%). The sequence similarity between F. yanbeiensis and Fomitiporiahippophaёicola (H. Jahn) Fiasson & Niemel which have the same host is only 88%[13], indicating that these two strains are not the same species.

In the phylogenic tree, F. yanbeiensis is embedded in Fomitiporia spp. In the clade, it forms a clear separate branch with high support rate. There have been many reports about Fomitiporia sp. in China. Dai etal.[3, 14] reported that Fomitiporiabannaensis Y. C. Dai and Fomitiporiatorreyae Y. C. Dai & B. K. Cui were far from F. yanbeiensis S. Guo & L. Zhou in the phylogenic tree, indicating that these species have distant relationships with F. yanbeiensis sp. nov. reported in this study (Fig.3).

About a hundred species of fungi have been reported in China, with more in Guangxi, Yunnan and the northeast China. Many species of fungi of the family Hymenochaetaceae are pathogenic bacteria of trees, and they infect living trees and cause them to decay and even die[15]. The strain found in the Yanbei area of Shanxi Province is wild. The field trip and village visit suggested that no sea buckthorn tree died for infection of this fungus, and the local residents said that it was grown after sea buckthorn tree died. This train was found in the rotten wood of sea buckthorn, instead of in live trees. This might be because that the collected strain was a years of specimen, and the tree had already died; or the investigation scope was limited, and specimen in live trees was not found. In the future, the investigation scope, tree age and growing season will be further expanded. At the same time, the research on culture substrate and artificial domestication of this strain has been carried out. With wheat, millet and corn as the substrate, robust mycelia grew out after about 30-45 days[16]. Solving the issues that whether F. yanbeiensis can grow in wild live sea buckthorn or other tree species, whether its infection makes trees sick and whether it can be domesticated artificially will provide some basic experimental basis for achievement of imitated cultivation and artificial cultivation.

5 Conclusions

The analysis and identification confirmed that F. yanbeiensis has the representative characteristics of genus Fomitiporia, such as its fruiting bodies, mycelia and basidiospores. It is a new species of genus Fomitiporia and named as F. yanbeiensis S. Guo & L. Zhou (accession number GenBank: KT861405, Fungal name: FN570360). Similar to F. hippophaёicola, F. yanbeiensis is also isolated from sea buckthorn. However, the results of morphological characteristics and ITS molecular sequence analysis suggest that they do not belong to the same species.

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