能源环境与可持续发展论文题目大全初中英语
作文要根据题目的要求选定了某件事,就要对这件事进行认真的回忆,并仔细琢磨,反复思考,挖掘出这件事中含有的生活道理,或找出它闪光的地方。要交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件,让读者明白文章写的是什么人,在什么时候,什么地方发生了怎样的事,具体如下:1、There is nothing unusual about energy like coals and oils being consumed, principally because economic development depends on natural resources all the But what is happening today is extraordinary judged by the standards of the It is energy depletion on a massive scale and this problem is so knotty that should deserve our closer Amongst the diverse factors contributing to the energy crises around the world, government’s short-sighted policies and citizens’ extravagant use of automobiles are probably the two most significant By presuming on their natural resources, quite a few countries, especially developing ones, are eager to develop their economy in order to gain an edge over their Admittedly, their intensive use of the energy facilitates, to some extent, the developments of other industries in short Additionally, the amount of private cars increases at such a breakneck speed that the petroleum used amounts to an intimidating proportion of the natural 翻译:消耗煤炭和石油这样的能源并没有什么不寻常之处,主要是因为经济发展一直依赖于自然资源。但以过去的标准来衡量,今天发生的事情是非同寻常的。这是大规模的能源消耗,这个问题如此棘手,应该引起我们的密切关注。在造成全球能源危机的各种因素中,政府短视的政策和公民过度使用汽车可能是两个最重要的因素。许多国家,特别是发展中国家,利用他们的自然资源,渴望发展他们的经济,以便在竞争中获得优势。诚然,他们对能源的密集使用在一定程度上在短期内促进了其他行业的发展。此外,私家车数量以如此惊人的速度增长,以至于石油使用量占自然资源的比例令人生畏。2、The consequences are undoubtedly disastrous for human Although countries can boast their growth of GDP, their citizens have to endure the ever deteriorated environment with stinking gas belching from factories and polluted water due to fuels infiltrating underground, even ultraviolet radiation in the absence of ozone layer and, therefore, their quality of life is by no means Also, development can never come into true in this situation, meaning that our descendants can benefit nothing except sterile land and polluted air and water from their Therefore, our government must take serious steps to attack those The first and foremost is that governments have to reverse their mindset and no longer deem the growth of GDP their first Rather, the betterment of citizens’ quality of life should deserve more attention than the economic Furthermore, the use of private cars should be discouraged by who must shoulder the responsibility of improving public transportation in order to facilitate people as well as release the burden of energy In conclusion, to avoid the phrase “filthy rich” added to themselves, countries must pay more heed to the efficient use of their energy and the issue of environmental while they develop their economy; otherwise, environmental apocalypse and energy crisis are feared to happen in the 翻译:尽管国家可以夸耀他们的GDP的增长,市民不得不忍受不断恶化的环境和臭气熏天的气体从工厂和车辆,污水渗入地下,由于燃料甚至没有臭氧层和紫外线辐射,因此,他们的生活质量绝不是改善。此外,可持续发展在这种情况下,发展是不可能实现的,这意味着我们的子孙只能从他们的祖先那里得到贫瘠的土地、污染的空气和水。因此,我们的政府必须采取严肃的措施来解决这些问题。首先,也是最重要的一点是,各国政府必须转变心态,不再将GDP增长视为首要目标。相反,公民生活质量的改善应该比经济增长更值得关注。此外,私人汽车的使用应该被当局劝阻,他们必须承担起改善公共交通的责任,以方便人们和减轻能源消耗的负担。总之,为了避免“富得流油”,各国在发展经济的同时,必须更加注意能源的有效利用和环境保护问题;否则,环境末日和能源危机恐怕即将发生。3、At present, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the consumption of energy such as oil, gas or coal has increased On the one hand, economic development is in urgent need of On the other hand, limited and unrecoverable energy, especially fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, cannot provide us with enough How long the oil lasts has been one of the controversial issues among Some people think the store has only thirty or forty years of oil, but other experts hold an optimistic view, believing that we have enough oil now to last us a hundred or two hundred Whether these opinions are true or not, one thing is certain: the energy situation we face is getting worse and The crisis has So we have to face it and try to solve it, because we really don't dare to imagine what will happen if we live without energy one 翻译:目前,随着工业和农业的迅速发展,能源的消费量如石油、气体或煤有着显著的提高。一方面,经济发展急需能源。另一方面,有限的和不可恢复的能源,尤其是化石燃料,比如石油和煤不能为我们提供足够的供应。石油可以用多久一直是专家们争议的问题之一。一些人认为商店的石油只能维持三十或四十年,但是,其他一些专家持有一个乐观态度,相信我们现在所拥有的石油足以支持我们一百或二百年。不管这些观点是否真实与否,一件事情我们是肯定的,那就是我们面临的能源形势越来越严重了。这场危机已经到来了。所以我们必须面对它并努力解决,,因为我们真的不敢去想像如果有一天我们生活中没有能源了会怎么样。扩展资料英文作文写作注意事项:1、审题立意定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题,对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题,必须具备4个条件:准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。2、草拟提纲打造文章之骨架审好题,立好意后,就要写提纲,打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事:安排好层次段落,铺设好过渡,处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句,还要从提示句的关键词出发,围绕关键词开拓思路,发挥联想,记录下联想到的东西,可以是句子或单词词组,可以是英语或汉语。
Protect the environmentNowadays,the environment in China is getting worse and The water is polluted,and air pollution and become a very serious Many people even wear masks when they go How can we help save the environment?We can reduce air pollution by riding bikes,taking public transport instead of We can also save energy by closing the lights when you leave the room,and reusing If we all do our parts,our country will be a much better place!最近,中国的环境越来越糟糕了水被污染了,空气污染也成为了一个严重的问题很多人甚至出门都要带口罩我们能怎样帮忙保护环境呢?我们可以通过多骑自行车和坐公交,少乘私家车我们也可以通过随手关灯,重复利用水要节约能源如果我们每个人都进到自己的责任,我们的国家就会变成一个更好的地方
能源环境与可持续发展论文题目大全初中英语作文
The idea of sustainable development has been accepted by the How to keep sustainable development is a big problem facing our The present situation is First,natural resources are becoming less than Second,as some people are not aware of the importance of the environmental protection,the problems with it remain extremely serious to some The gap between the rich and the poor has the tendency to become wider and To our great joy,many countries have taken On one hand,they have made relevant laws and regulations and put large amounts of money to the environmental One the other hand,popularized education as well as international cooperation is being carried As for myself,I should take the responsibility to devote myself to sustainable development,our future and the lives of our children and our grandchildren will be in
Protect the Enviroment and Conserve EnergyProtect the environment and conserve energy are every one’s The earth is the only home for our human we all have a responsibility to take care it, not only for us, but for our Since the beginning of the industrial age, we people speed up the pace to ask for more resources and energy from the Just like the fossil fuels, we almost exploit them up just in about 200 years in contrast their formation is about millions of People exploit energy and resources from the earth and waste Fortunately, more and more people recognize the importance of protecting the Measures have been taken by many governments and laws hve been made to save our home from In order to Protect Enviroment and Conserve Energy, we people can do many For example, we can use clean energy, such as solar power、wind power、nuclear energy、hydroelectric power to substitute traditional energyAfter so much effort made by us, I hope that the earth,our home will be better and 字数多了点,自己写的,你自己看着删
作文要根据题目的要求选定了某件事,就要对这件事进行认真的回忆,并仔细琢磨,反复思考,挖掘出这件事中含有的生活道理,或找出它闪光的地方。要交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件,让读者明白文章写的是什么人,在什么时候,什么地方发生了怎样的事,具体如下:1、There is nothing unusual about energy like coals and oils being consumed, principally because economic development depends on natural resources all the But what is happening today is extraordinary judged by the standards of the It is energy depletion on a massive scale and this problem is so knotty that should deserve our closer Amongst the diverse factors contributing to the energy crises around the world, government’s short-sighted policies and citizens’ extravagant use of automobiles are probably the two most significant By presuming on their natural resources, quite a few countries, especially developing ones, are eager to develop their economy in order to gain an edge over their Admittedly, their intensive use of the energy facilitates, to some extent, the developments of other industries in short Additionally, the amount of private cars increases at such a breakneck speed that the petroleum used amounts to an intimidating proportion of the natural 翻译:消耗煤炭和石油这样的能源并没有什么不寻常之处,主要是因为经济发展一直依赖于自然资源。但以过去的标准来衡量,今天发生的事情是非同寻常的。这是大规模的能源消耗,这个问题如此棘手,应该引起我们的密切关注。在造成全球能源危机的各种因素中,政府短视的政策和公民过度使用汽车可能是两个最重要的因素。许多国家,特别是发展中国家,利用他们的自然资源,渴望发展他们的经济,以便在竞争中获得优势。诚然,他们对能源的密集使用在一定程度上在短期内促进了其他行业的发展。此外,私家车数量以如此惊人的速度增长,以至于石油使用量占自然资源的比例令人生畏。2、The consequences are undoubtedly disastrous for human Although countries can boast their growth of GDP, their citizens have to endure the ever deteriorated environment with stinking gas belching from factories and polluted water due to fuels infiltrating underground, even ultraviolet radiation in the absence of ozone layer and, therefore, their quality of life is by no means Also, development can never come into true in this situation, meaning that our descendants can benefit nothing except sterile land and polluted air and water from their Therefore, our government must take serious steps to attack those The first and foremost is that governments have to reverse their mindset and no longer deem the growth of GDP their first Rather, the betterment of citizens’ quality of life should deserve more attention than the economic Furthermore, the use of private cars should be discouraged by who must shoulder the responsibility of improving public transportation in order to facilitate people as well as release the burden of energy In conclusion, to avoid the phrase “filthy rich” added to themselves, countries must pay more heed to the efficient use of their energy and the issue of environmental while they develop their economy; otherwise, environmental apocalypse and energy crisis are feared to happen in the 翻译:尽管国家可以夸耀他们的GDP的增长,市民不得不忍受不断恶化的环境和臭气熏天的气体从工厂和车辆,污水渗入地下,由于燃料甚至没有臭氧层和紫外线辐射,因此,他们的生活质量绝不是改善。此外,可持续发展在这种情况下,发展是不可能实现的,这意味着我们的子孙只能从他们的祖先那里得到贫瘠的土地、污染的空气和水。因此,我们的政府必须采取严肃的措施来解决这些问题。首先,也是最重要的一点是,各国政府必须转变心态,不再将GDP增长视为首要目标。相反,公民生活质量的改善应该比经济增长更值得关注。此外,私人汽车的使用应该被当局劝阻,他们必须承担起改善公共交通的责任,以方便人们和减轻能源消耗的负担。总之,为了避免“富得流油”,各国在发展经济的同时,必须更加注意能源的有效利用和环境保护问题;否则,环境末日和能源危机恐怕即将发生。3、At present, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the consumption of energy such as oil, gas or coal has increased On the one hand, economic development is in urgent need of On the other hand, limited and unrecoverable energy, especially fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, cannot provide us with enough How long the oil lasts has been one of the controversial issues among Some people think the store has only thirty or forty years of oil, but other experts hold an optimistic view, believing that we have enough oil now to last us a hundred or two hundred Whether these opinions are true or not, one thing is certain: the energy situation we face is getting worse and The crisis has So we have to face it and try to solve it, because we really don't dare to imagine what will happen if we live without energy one 翻译:目前,随着工业和农业的迅速发展,能源的消费量如石油、气体或煤有着显著的提高。一方面,经济发展急需能源。另一方面,有限的和不可恢复的能源,尤其是化石燃料,比如石油和煤不能为我们提供足够的供应。石油可以用多久一直是专家们争议的问题之一。一些人认为商店的石油只能维持三十或四十年,但是,其他一些专家持有一个乐观态度,相信我们现在所拥有的石油足以支持我们一百或二百年。不管这些观点是否真实与否,一件事情我们是肯定的,那就是我们面临的能源形势越来越严重了。这场危机已经到来了。所以我们必须面对它并努力解决,,因为我们真的不敢去想像如果有一天我们生活中没有能源了会怎么样。扩展资料英文作文写作注意事项:1、审题立意定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题,对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题,必须具备4个条件:准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。2、草拟提纲打造文章之骨架审好题,立好意后,就要写提纲,打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事:安排好层次段落,铺设好过渡,处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句,还要从提示句的关键词出发,围绕关键词开拓思路,发挥联想,记录下联想到的东西,可以是句子或单词词组,可以是英语或汉语。
能源环境与可持续发展论文题目大全初中英语版
Protect the Enviroment and Conserve EnergyProtect the environment and conserve energy are every one’s The earth is the only home for our human we all have a responsibility to take care it, not only for us, but for our Since the beginning of the industrial age, we people speed up the pace to ask for more resources and energy from the Just like the fossil fuels, we almost exploit them up just in about 200 years in contrast their formation is about millions of People exploit energy and resources from the earth and waste Fortunately, more and more people recognize the importance of protecting the Measures have been taken by many governments and laws hve been made to save our home from In order to Protect Enviroment and Conserve Energy, we people can do many For example, we can use clean energy, such as solar power、wind power、nuclear energy、hydroelectric power to substitute traditional energyAfter so much effort made by us, I hope that the earth,our home will be better and 字数多了点,自己写的,你自己看着删
作文要根据题目的要求选定了某件事,就要对这件事进行认真的回忆,并仔细琢磨,反复思考,挖掘出这件事中含有的生活道理,或找出它闪光的地方。要交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件,让读者明白文章写的是什么人,在什么时候,什么地方发生了怎样的事,具体如下:1、There is nothing unusual about energy like coals and oils being consumed, principally because economic development depends on natural resources all the But what is happening today is extraordinary judged by the standards of the It is energy depletion on a massive scale and this problem is so knotty that should deserve our closer Amongst the diverse factors contributing to the energy crises around the world, government’s short-sighted policies and citizens’ extravagant use of automobiles are probably the two most significant By presuming on their natural resources, quite a few countries, especially developing ones, are eager to develop their economy in order to gain an edge over their Admittedly, their intensive use of the energy facilitates, to some extent, the developments of other industries in short Additionally, the amount of private cars increases at such a breakneck speed that the petroleum used amounts to an intimidating proportion of the natural 翻译:消耗煤炭和石油这样的能源并没有什么不寻常之处,主要是因为经济发展一直依赖于自然资源。但以过去的标准来衡量,今天发生的事情是非同寻常的。这是大规模的能源消耗,这个问题如此棘手,应该引起我们的密切关注。在造成全球能源危机的各种因素中,政府短视的政策和公民过度使用汽车可能是两个最重要的因素。许多国家,特别是发展中国家,利用他们的自然资源,渴望发展他们的经济,以便在竞争中获得优势。诚然,他们对能源的密集使用在一定程度上在短期内促进了其他行业的发展。此外,私家车数量以如此惊人的速度增长,以至于石油使用量占自然资源的比例令人生畏。2、The consequences are undoubtedly disastrous for human Although countries can boast their growth of GDP, their citizens have to endure the ever deteriorated environment with stinking gas belching from factories and polluted water due to fuels infiltrating underground, even ultraviolet radiation in the absence of ozone layer and, therefore, their quality of life is by no means Also, development can never come into true in this situation, meaning that our descendants can benefit nothing except sterile land and polluted air and water from their Therefore, our government must take serious steps to attack those The first and foremost is that governments have to reverse their mindset and no longer deem the growth of GDP their first Rather, the betterment of citizens’ quality of life should deserve more attention than the economic Furthermore, the use of private cars should be discouraged by who must shoulder the responsibility of improving public transportation in order to facilitate people as well as release the burden of energy In conclusion, to avoid the phrase “filthy rich” added to themselves, countries must pay more heed to the efficient use of their energy and the issue of environmental while they develop their economy; otherwise, environmental apocalypse and energy crisis are feared to happen in the 翻译:尽管国家可以夸耀他们的GDP的增长,市民不得不忍受不断恶化的环境和臭气熏天的气体从工厂和车辆,污水渗入地下,由于燃料甚至没有臭氧层和紫外线辐射,因此,他们的生活质量绝不是改善。此外,可持续发展在这种情况下,发展是不可能实现的,这意味着我们的子孙只能从他们的祖先那里得到贫瘠的土地、污染的空气和水。因此,我们的政府必须采取严肃的措施来解决这些问题。首先,也是最重要的一点是,各国政府必须转变心态,不再将GDP增长视为首要目标。相反,公民生活质量的改善应该比经济增长更值得关注。此外,私人汽车的使用应该被当局劝阻,他们必须承担起改善公共交通的责任,以方便人们和减轻能源消耗的负担。总之,为了避免“富得流油”,各国在发展经济的同时,必须更加注意能源的有效利用和环境保护问题;否则,环境末日和能源危机恐怕即将发生。3、At present, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the consumption of energy such as oil, gas or coal has increased On the one hand, economic development is in urgent need of On the other hand, limited and unrecoverable energy, especially fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, cannot provide us with enough How long the oil lasts has been one of the controversial issues among Some people think the store has only thirty or forty years of oil, but other experts hold an optimistic view, believing that we have enough oil now to last us a hundred or two hundred Whether these opinions are true or not, one thing is certain: the energy situation we face is getting worse and The crisis has So we have to face it and try to solve it, because we really don't dare to imagine what will happen if we live without energy one 翻译:目前,随着工业和农业的迅速发展,能源的消费量如石油、气体或煤有着显著的提高。一方面,经济发展急需能源。另一方面,有限的和不可恢复的能源,尤其是化石燃料,比如石油和煤不能为我们提供足够的供应。石油可以用多久一直是专家们争议的问题之一。一些人认为商店的石油只能维持三十或四十年,但是,其他一些专家持有一个乐观态度,相信我们现在所拥有的石油足以支持我们一百或二百年。不管这些观点是否真实与否,一件事情我们是肯定的,那就是我们面临的能源形势越来越严重了。这场危机已经到来了。所以我们必须面对它并努力解决,,因为我们真的不敢去想像如果有一天我们生活中没有能源了会怎么样。扩展资料英文作文写作注意事项:1、审题立意定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题,对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题,必须具备4个条件:准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。2、草拟提纲打造文章之骨架审好题,立好意后,就要写提纲,打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事:安排好层次段落,铺设好过渡,处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句,还要从提示句的关键词出发,围绕关键词开拓思路,发挥联想,记录下联想到的东西,可以是句子或单词词组,可以是英语或汉语。
能源环境与可持续发展论文题目大全初中英语单词
建筑环境与能源应用工程对应的英文是Building environment and energy Application engineering重点词汇environment环境,外界; 周围,围绕; 工作平台; 环境energy精力; 活力; 能量; 精神engineering工程, 工程师行业; 操纵,管理; 土木工程,工事; 开车技术中文名称:建筑环境与能源应用工程修业时间:四年授予学位:工学学士主修课程:流体力学、工程热力学、传热学等扩展资料:建筑环境与能源应用工程专业主要培养能够从事以下三方面的专业技术人才:(1)能从事建筑物采暖、空调、通风除尘、空气净化和燃气应用等系统与设备以及相关的城市供热、供燃气系统与设备的设计、安装调试与运行工作。(2)能够以工程技术为依托,以建筑智能化系统为平台,对工业建筑及大型现代化楼宇中环境系统和供能设施的设计、安装、估价、调试、运行、维护,技术经济分析和管理。(3)能适应低碳经济建设与社会可持续发展的需要,具备建筑节能设计、建造、运行管理的基本理论与专业技能,知识面宽,具有向土建类相关领域拓展渗透的能力,适应能力和实际工作能力。 参考资料来源:建筑环境与能源应用工程专业_百度百科
建筑环境与能源应用工程翻译为英语:Building environment and energy application engineering读音为bɪldɪŋ ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- ənd, ˈenərdʒi æplɪˈkeʃən] endʒɪˈnɪrɪŋ扩展资料:Building Environment的意思是:机房环境,Engineering的意思是:工程, 工程师行业; 操纵,管理; 土木工程,工事。Discuss on subject-based English (SBE) teaching for building environment and equipment engineering; 建筑环境与设备工程专业英语教学的探讨
Protect the Enviroment and Conserve EnergyProtect the environment and conserve energy are every one’s The earth is the only home for our human we all have a responsibility to take care it, not only for us, but for our Since the beginning of the industrial age, we people speed up the pace to ask for more resources and energy from the Just like the fossil fuels, we almost exploit them up just in about 200 years in contrast their formation is about millions of People exploit energy and resources from the earth and waste Fortunately, more and more people recognize the importance of protecting the Measures have been taken by many governments and laws hve been made to save our home from In order to Protect Enviroment and Conserve Energy, we people can do many For example, we can use clean energy, such as solar power、wind power、nuclear energy、hydroelectric power to substitute traditional energyAfter so much effort made by us, I hope that the earth,our home will be better and 字数多了点,自己写的,你自己看着删
Protect Our Environment It is important to beal with the rubbish in Our world was colorful,beautiful and full of But these years, people have built many factories along Many trees have been cut Many animals have lost their Factories cause Rivers become As a student, you should do every things in your everyday life to protect First, stop wasting more Second, throw waste things into different For example, waste paper should be throw into paper recyclable Third, stop cutting down Instead, plant Fourth, pick up garbage in the park or on the road when we are Last, call on more and more people to pay attention to contrlling In a word, everybody has his duty to protect the
资源环境与可持续发展论文题目大全初中英语
The next generation keyboard, future keyboard!It challenged and subverted the global computer keyboard, keyboard music instruments 25 years ago, The pioneer of the Chinese people (firstly) originally entered this who sent it into the modern house of the CEO of Microsoft?To challenge AT&T of the United States by improving communication deficienciesImproving communication deficiencies, Chinese people are to challenge AT&T of the United SThis product; force feedback keyboard and harmony telephone should be presented at CeBIT, MOver 400 Chinese enterprises attend (CeBIT),Who can present this product ;force feedback keyboard and harmony telephone to exhibit China’s creation?Over 100 Chinese enterprises attend (Musikmesse),Who can present this product; force feedback keyboard and harmony telephone to exhibit China’s creation?Important recommendationsThe exhibition will be held on (CeBIT, Musikmesse ),Several hundred Chinese companies will be I hope that someone will present force feedback keyboard prototype,into the exhibition site,This is no precedent in the international commodities,In 2006, 2007, I have made the same I would like to give it to any Chinese company which will This is the purpose for me to use this We also hope that someone can create a better force feedback keyboard, in the next
党的十六大明确“支持老工业基地加快调整改造,支持以资源开采为主的城市和地区发展接续产业”,这是党中央、国务院在新世纪、新阶段立足我国资源型城市发展实际,科学分析国内外形势,做出的加快全面建设小康社会进程的重大战略决策。从国内外资源型城市转型及**市近几年的情况来看,资源型城市实现可持续发展必须拓展发展空间,大力发展接续产业,优化经济结构。 一、发展接续产业是解决资源型城市发展问题的必然选择 **是中国第一个石油工业基地,1938年开始开发建设,1955年依托油矿设立了**市。1958年,为更好地保障、服务油田生产建设,原**县政府由地处农业绿洲中心位置的**镇迁至油矿所在地,市县合并,政企合一,升为地级建制。1961年,**市与**石油管理局分设、政企分开至今。半个多世纪以来,作为中国石油工业的摇篮,**市、特别是**油田历史性的承担了全国石油工业三大四出(大学校、大试验田、大科学研究院,出经验、出人才、出产品、出技术)的重任,先后向全国兄弟油田培养输送职工近12万人,支援各类设备4000多台(套),生产原油2800多万吨,实现销售收入190多亿元,累计上缴国家利税120亿元。随着**油田的迅速发展,**地方经济亦得到了较快发展,2003年,全市GDP总量实现5亿元,其中近65%是油田开采及相关产业拉动的结果,财政收入完成2亿元,5%来自石油企业。近年来,尽管青西油田开发使**油田实现了二度辉煌,但由于资源的约束和矿业城市普遍存在的结构性矛盾,使**这个老工业城市面临严峻的挑战。主要是:一是产业结构单一,轻重工业的比例不协调,2003年,全市轻、重工业比例为4:6,工业结构过于重型化;二是企业规模失衡,大型企业平均规模高于全省水平,中小型企业平均规模大大低于全省平均水平,中央、省属企业与地方中小企业发展关联度不高,对地方经济的辐射带动作用不明显;三是产品结构不合理,初级产品比重和轻工产品中农副产品加工比重大于工业制成品和非农产品加工比重;四是产业层次差异大,大部分工业企业生产经营属原材料初级加工,传统工业依然占据主导地位,科技含量高、市场潜力大的高新技术产业严重不足;五是生产成本不断增大,经过60多年开采的**油田,现在油层埋藏深,地质结构复杂,开采的技术控制难度高,实际开采成本不断增加。**经济社会发展的现实说明,培育和发展接续替代产业,已经成为资源型城市经济社会发展最紧迫的任务。 上世纪九十年代初期,**油田原主产区资源枯竭,原油产量递减,影响了**经济的持续增长。其后,随着吐哈油田的开发建设和石油企业内部改制重组,油田企业大办三产,导致地方政府为服务油田而建,依赖油田生存的30多户市属工商企业纷纷破产倒闭,近7000名企业职工下岗失业,**地方工业经济体系被完全打破,工业经济总量迅速下降。1998年,全市工业利税总额、产值、增加值分别为454万元、24135万元、7280万元,比1996年分别下降了7%、4%、1%。“十五”以来,随着青西油田的大规模开发,虽然带动全市经济每年以2%的速度增长,但地方工业增速较慢,比“八五”增幅低5个百分点,远低于全国、全省的平均水平。**工业发展的严酷事实告诉我们,只有培育和发展接续产业,才能实现资源型城市的持续稳定发展。一是拉长接续产业链条,增加产品附加值,提高资源综合利用率,在一定程度上延长资源型产业的周期和寿命。二是利用高新技术,发展新兴工业,实现资源型城市的优势转换和经济的持续发展。三是从资源导向型战略逐步转变为市场导向型战略,立足于现有的资源状况、区位条件、技术实力和投资环境,通过培育和发展新兴接续产业,实现资源的优化配置和战略重组,调整产业结构,逐步形成多元产业支撑的新格局,由单一资源优势向多元综合经济优势转变。 **油田开采及相关产业创造了6万个就业岗位,占全市城镇在职职工总数的7%。目前,待安置的下岗职工、买断工龄人员有11000人,城镇每年新增需安置就业的劳动力近1300人,然而全市每年提供的就业岗位只有300个左右,就业需求多和岗位少的矛盾非常突出。**市2003年人均国内生产总值仅为2739美元,按照全面建设小康社会的要求,各种经济社会发展指标与全面建设小康社会还有很大差距。只有发展接续产业,加快经济发展,才能为全面建设小康社会奠定坚实的物质基础。 二、资源型城市发展接续产业的基本思路 早规划,早动手,对资源型城市避免“矿竭城衰”、发展接续产业至关重要。上世纪九十年代中后期,围绕油田兴建的市属工商企业大量破产倒闭后,我们把发展石化以外的非油产业,特别是农副产品加工、矿产品加工、风电、水电等清洁能源、电冶、建筑建材加工等产业提上了议事日程。近年来,尽管**油田产量逐年回升,但资源型城市发展的必然规律使油田地方形成共识,把注意力集中到发展接续产业上来,并进行了积极探索,一批新的经济增长点逐步形成,区域经济对石化产业拉动的依赖性开始弱化。 今后**市经济发展的基本思路是,以“三个代表”重要思想为指导,坚持“生态立市、科教兴市、工业强市”的根本要求,实施“结构调整、开放带动、地企合作”的发展战略,用新思路、新体制、新机制、新方式,紧紧抓住国家支持老工业基地调整改造和资源型城市发展接续产业的重要机遇期,坚持走新型工业化道路,以结构调整为主线,以深化改革、扩大开放、科技进步为动力,以稳定石化产业、构筑多元产业格局为重点,加快发展接续产业,率先走上资源型城市实现可持续发展的路子。到2010年,基本形成多元支撑的经济发展格局,率先建成小康社会;2020年,完成由资源型向综合型城市转变,初步建成现代化生态城市。结合**实际,遵循市场原则,我们要在继续加大石油资源勘探开发力度,尽可能延长油田稳产期的同时,重点抓好四个方面的工作: 第一,调整发展思路,把握发展机遇。首先要牢牢抓住**油田加快发展的机遇。青西油田大规模深度开发及成品油和原油管道工程的启动实施,将迅速增加**油田的原油产量和加工量,到2005年,原油产量可达100万吨,2010年达到200万吨,原油炼化加工量到2010年将翻一番,达到450万吨。这样就为继续加强地企联系,不断延伸石化产业链,进一步巩固**油田在**经济中的主导地位奠定了基础。其次,要牢牢抓住市政府驻地迁址的机遇。**市政府驻地迁址是一项复杂的社会系统工程,迁址工程在面临诸多困难和问题的同时,也为区域经济的发展提供了难得的历史性机遇。牢牢把握这种机遇,立足资源优势和特色产业,以开放促开发,加大招商引资力度,繁荣稳定老市区,加快建设新市区是**实现可持续发展的良好契机。第三,要充分挖掘利用自身特色优势。丰富的资源优势和极富特色的农产品生产基地,为新型产业和后续产业的发展创造了条件。大力发展风电、水电、光电,将使**成为一个新型的能源产业区;石油、煤炭、有色金属等矿产品的开发加工将使**的电冶小区不断发展壮大;15万亩的优质饲草、10万亩的啤酒大麦、6万亩的棉花、5万亩的酒花优质农产品种植基地,为特色产业的发展和农副产品龙头加工企业的做大做强提供了保障。除此之外,**特有的战略性经济区位优势和我国加入世贸组织及国家西部大开发相关政策的实施,也是需要我们认真研究、牢牢把握的历史机遇。 第二,紧抓第一要务,实施工业强市战略。具体要侧重实施五大战略。一是大开发战略。通过对油田的开发,风电、水电、光电的开发,矿产品和农副产品的开发,依托优势资源,开发特色产业,培育后续主导产业。二是大调整战略。通过兴建农副产品精深加工区、电冶工业区、石化工业区、风电工业区等,调整地方工业布局,增强产业聚集和辐射带动能力,使全市工业逐步向园区化、产业化方向迈进。三是龙头聚集战略。立足**的“亿元现象”,扶强扶壮莫高麦芽、拓璞酒花浸膏、大业草王、洁源风电、疏勒河水电、干法水泥等一批投资上亿元的企业,组建电力、矿业、建材、农副产品加工等企业集团,争取上市融资,促进工业经济整体上规模、上水平。同时,培育名牌产品,实施品牌战略,用3—5年时间,争创2—3个全省名品和全国名牌。四是科技创新战略。充分挖掘利用**油田、四0四厂等中央、省属企业的科技、人才、信息、设施优势,组建技术开发中心,建立区域经济范围内资源、技术、人才、信息合理流动和共享运行机制,加快科技创新步伐,提高新产品的研发水平和科技含量。五是大流通战略。围绕市政府驻地迁址和**油田生活基地搬迁,积极调整商贸流通结构,把新市区(**镇)建成嘉峪关至新疆哈密之间的区域物流中心,发挥中心城市的人流、物流、资金流、信息流、技术流的辐射带动功能,建设大市场,实现大流通,推动大发展。 第三,立足城市区位优势,优化城市布局结构。坚持“双轮驱动,两翼发展”的思路,积极实施市政府驻地迁址工程,优化城市布局结构。**市政府驻地迁址已于2003年上半年经国务院、民政部和省、市逐级批准,2003年10月正式启动,现已完成了市委、人大、政协三大机关及大部分党群部门的搬迁工作,计划今明两年完成政府机关和部门的搬迁工作。今后2—3年,市上将在现有基础上,在国家和省、市的大力支持下,通过争取国债、招商引资、银行融资、社会筹资、企业上市等多种渠道筹措资金,陆续实施58个城市基础设施项目,逐步将新市区建成生态环境优美、城市功能齐全、服务功能配套、社会保障体系完善的新型生态工业城市,实现县域经济与酒嘉经济带和西陇海兰新线经济带的对接,使其成为丝绸之路西端的一个新亮点。 第四,创新经济格局,积蓄发展后劲。据最新的勘探表明,自青西至花海盆地多处地段显示出良好的油气结构,该地段成为具有工业规模开采价值油田的前景非常乐观。通过我们的资源详查,**境内包括石油在内的矿产资源较为丰富。正在被开发利用的风、光、水及农副产品资源优势,将为**今后的发展开创新的领域。要保持全市经济的持续快速发展,就必须结合**市矿产资源状况和开发利用现状,进一步搞好替代产业和后续资源的开发利用,使其真正成为经济发展、社会富裕的不竭源泉。在做好青西油气田的勘探开发的同时,积极勘探开发其它自然资源及其对应产业,走高效开发、纵深开发、立体开发的路子。同时,围绕特色资源优势,发展新型产业,积极储备、论证一大批符合**实际和国家产业政策的产业项目,通过招商引资加快开发建设,扩大经济总量,优化产业结构,增加财政收入。积极开发旅游业和服务业,多业并举,多元发展,构建**经济的新框架,培育经济增长的新亮点,保持**经济的持续、快速、健康发展。 三、资源型城市可持续发展要争取国家的支持 首先,通过在产业布局上予以倾斜,对资源型城市经济转型给予项目支持。资源型城市实现经济转型,离不开新的产业项目的支撑。国家在计划和宏观决策时,应适当放宽对资源型城市发展接续产业方面的政策限制,给予更多的支持,特别是对经济转型有较强牵动作用的产业项目列入重点项目盘子,在国债资金、资源配置以及其它配套政策上给予支持,在资源型城市优先布局一些基础设施建设项目,如水利、交通、生态环境建设、城市基础设施等项目。 第二,通过建立补偿机制,对资源型城市经济转型给予资金扶持。资源型城市和企业在实施转型发展中,面临着就业和再就业、社会保障、生态环境恢复等诸多问题,需要投入大量资金,这是资源型城市和企业力不能及的,应该得到国家财力和政策上的大力支持。国家应通过建立资源型城市发展接续产业专项基金,建立对以资源开采为主的城市和企业的补偿机制。对资源枯竭或衰退性产业转产而发展起来的接续产业,应考虑给予减免税收、低息或贴息信贷、加快折旧等政策支持。在国债投放、国家政策性贷款、国家金融信贷应适度向资源型城市倾斜。在资源型城市发展接续产业过程中,国家可适当放宽在直接利用外资和境外融资方面的限制。 第三,通过建立和完善社会保障体系,减轻企业办社会负担。资源型城市建立完善社会保障体系,中央财政可通过转移支付形式加大对资源型城市社保试点的支持,并在科教文卫和环保等方面,加大对资源型城市转移支付规模。同时,国家应对资源型国有大企业研究制定减负政策,以帮助企业解脱办社会的重负。 **作为西北典型的资源型城市,近年来,在如何实现经济转型和可持续发展上已经做了大量有效的探索和尝试,鉴于目前国家已将**列入全国60个典型资源型城市之一,今后我们的主攻目标就是要争取国家将**列为第一批重点扶持的资源型城市,从而得到国家的政策和资金支持,实现资源型城市的成功转型和可持续发展