期刊投稿百科

关于汽车零部件的论文英文1500字

发布时间:2024-07-03 11:25:23

关于汽车零部件的论文英文1500字

不是论文吧到网站找下就可以了'里面的教育联盟里面有,你去看下

你不会从图书馆电子资源里下载呀

Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive products faster and faster, also makes the Chinese automotive industry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very WTO accession for China car alarm sounded, but also tremendous opportunity, our government, as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle design Keywords concept car designed to develop science, technology and culture Technology start-ups PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY The 21st century, in order to lead and performance of the new century, the development of future automotive trends, a number of international auto companies, one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new There is, however, must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country, but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods, as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile industry, it is difficult to say that is a complete auto Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle 1 "concept car" is defined The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept It has just the design in general at the time, people's aesthetic ideas, the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing industry is also Generally it will be it avant-garde design, innovative materials, bold use of a more perfect performance, the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car, and in some large auto exposition on It can be said that with the continuous introduction of concept cars, the near future may occur on some concept cars have today, some features or functions of the But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass production cars to enter the market, the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the 2 concept car, in reality the meaning of 1 concept car design and development of automotive products reflected the development trend of 1 the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car At the International Motor Show the previous, and the major automotive companies and the introduction of the concept of lot of cars, concept cars to remove these sleek, but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introduction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking, herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources, with its show car the company's strong momentum of Various high-tech applications, making car slowly evolved into information, communications, entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world, the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement, in-car information and entertainment equipment, advanced navigation equipment, real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system, the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car, the car gradually from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform, if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant, anger, sadness and joy, such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume production cars, become a new symbol of Concept Car Design of automotive products have greater and greater impact, it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological 2 human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research, design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human Car body design in ergonomics, it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center, from the body's physiology, psychology, and exercise the human body, the research body design, layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient, safe, reliable, beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment, that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment Automotive Design Human-Computer analysis of the first ministries to human size required for measurement, statistics and analysis, conducting interior layout design as a basis to determine the effective space vehicle, as well as parts, assemblies (seats, dashboard , steering wheel, ) position and dimensions of the relationship between Through the study of human physiological structure, so that the seat design in full compliance with the requirements of human Based on the manipulation of human manipulation of the scope and power to determine the layout of the manipulator position and force size, so that when the human body to manipulate natural, rapid, accurate and lightweight, so as to reduce the degree of manipulation of Through the visual characteristics of the human eye, the effect of vision research, testing, checking driver information system, to ensure that drivers have access to proper driving Exercise in accordance with the characteristics of the human body to study the automobile collision on the human body, a reasonable protection, the right to determine the hinged point seat belts and binding on the human body to study the vibration of the impact on ride comfort, research on and get off at the convenience of passengers, and door openings in order to determine location and According to the body's physiological requirements, reasonable certainty that the air-conditioning system and Research on the psychological characteristics and requirements, to design a comfortable, beautiful, relaxed by the 3 virtual product development technology At present, a growing number of automotive design companies and manufacturing companies to start using virtual product development technology, using three-dimensional virtual reality 3D technology development concept Opel car using 3D virtual reality technology concept car design and Designers can experience floating in the air of a virtual image of car design and manufacturing, saving considerable development costs, and plans to be extended to its North American assembly plant to Britain's Rolls-Royce, Renault, France, Germany Audi, as well as Italy, Sweden and other auto plants are actively engaged in this virtual design and Over the past automotive research and development centers to develop new or modified are first shaped body sludge physical model, is extremely time-consuming Now automotive R & D, in particular the development of concept cars are increasingly seeking the shortest development If the introduction of virtual product development technologies, as long as the computer input data to construct a model figure model, in the laboratory can show an ideal vehicle images, as long as the engineers wear eyepiece, you can see clearly, there is such as a car in front of us true, after all the discussion of design engineers modifications, you can quickly design an ideal new Stereotypes, the computer can use the data, outsourcing trial and trial fitted the new parts and components, assembly achieve zero error, and the development of aging more rapidly than in the 4 the concept of green environment-friendly vehicles to the development trend of Since entering the 21st century, countries around the world have been produced about 5 billion vehicles, according to expert estimates that in 2010 global vehicle production will reach 75 People sigh at the rapid development of automobile industry, but also an increasing awareness of pollution from motor vehicles to harm human beings, so many countries of the vehicle to develop environmental protection measures and regulations to protect the environment for human survival, so automotive environmental protection the design of this new concept car design to be placed in a prominent position on the Improve energy efficiency, improved engine configurations, including electronically controlled fuel injection system, secondary air injection, thermal reactor, exhaust gas recirculation system, catalytic purification device, crankcase ventilation systems, fuel evaporation control The development of alternative fuels, research and development of new environmentally-friendly energy, including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fast charging batteries, hybrid power, hydrogen In the automotive manufacturing process, use of green materials, green packaging, green manufacturing processes and equipment and equipment Green car recycling 2 Concept car indicates road traffic in the evolution of human behavior 1 Concept foretells the future of the way road traffic trends Along with the development of automobile, the vehicle status is also slowly change, now car in people's minds as a symbol, a symbol of wealth and the embodiment of a status, but the car as a way of the nature of road traffic has Concept car design is based on the nature of a car's innovative design Concept car at the design of the way through the daily life of mankind, human beings in road traffic in the use of methods such as behavior and ways of life all aspects of prediction and analysis, it is envisaged to solve the future in the way road traffic between the object harmonious Strong and high-speed in today's technology enables the development of means of transport have a much broader space for development, more and more high-tech continuously applied at a new At present many of the world's major auto companies have realized that the development of the next car is no longer the biggest obstacles are technical limitations, but limits the designers Now appearing in major auto show concept cars are generally two types: one is based on the latest available technology can achieve another kind of concept cars are those who put forward some innovative technology options but is still in the research phase of the concept Able to express their feelings such as car, truck can random shell replacement car, be able to easily change the driving mode of motor vehicles, be able to swim in the water of the amphibious vehicle, able to fly in space vehicles, be able to change Like from Toyota and Sony jointly developed by "POD" cars, will be able to through the car before the lights, mirrors, antenna, as well as the rear seat to the car owners to express their "" Like Volkswagen's Seat International Auto Show in the United States on the introduction of multi-functional concept car "Sal? Juancheng sa", there are sports, comfort and three kinds of urban-type driving mode selection for 2 Concept of culture differences in performance The United States as a world leader in the auto industry, concept cars at the manufacturing are on the forefront in the At the United States because of cultural blending, collision, so the concept car embodies the greater the diversity of cultures; are also caused by a highly developed country commercial, commercial design and pragmatism prevailed, so the design is set up at a deep aesthetic Ethics on the real and solve practical With the American cars are in sharp contrast to the Japanese concept Japan as the world's output of the second car big country, its concept car many practical and imagination, technology is better than art, more concerned about solving technical problems, it can be said in Japan This is the premise of the concept of car design, each model is to solve one kinds of technical problems The Japanese car model to maintain a small, simple, style characteristics of the economy and harmonious relations between man-machine deal with the Japanese are reflected as a delicate oriental thinking and compromise approach to solve the The United States put the design of commercial operation as an important aspect, Japan put out of Products Designed to accelerate as a tool, Germany put Designed as a social and cultural foundation, while the French took the design as a designer of stage From various countries so the concept of car design in different styles, we can see different countries, different concepts, as well as their different cultural backgrounds 3 Concluding remarks The future of automotive design as the development of the inevitable progress of Automotive Technology with each passing day, many of the artistic style of the designer will make it even more widely and more strongly reflected in the car design, and give people a wider Under high-tech, and personality of the car more humane 21st century will be the necessity of the development of the automobile industry, because it is consistent with human culture, the pursuit of individuality and Therefore, the increase in automobile design concept of the attention and input, will be the development of China's automobile industry has played a great role in pushing References 1尹定邦 Introduction to Study Design [M] Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press, 1999 2张洪欣 Auto Design [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 1997 3 Tang Jia-Ti, Han Xiao Jian had --- Product conceptual design theory, methods and techniques [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2002

Electronic brakeforce distribution or EBD or EBFD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's brakes, based on road conditions, speed, loading, Always coupled with anti-lock braking systems, EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power whilst maintaining vehicular [1][2] Typically, the front end carries the most weight and EBD distributes less braking pressure to the rear brakes so the rear brakes do not lock up and cause a [3]How ABS worksUnder heavy braking, vehicle wheels may lock- The anti-lock braking system (ABS) monitors wheel speeds and releases pressure on individual wheel brake lines, rapidly pulsing individual brakes to prevent lock- During heavy braking, preventing wheel lock-up helps the driver maintain steering Modern ABS has four individual brake lines for each wheel, enabling different braking pressure on different road For example, less braking pressure is needed to lock a wheel on ice than a wheel which on bare If the left wheels are on asphalt and the right wheels are on ice, during an emergency stop, ABS detects the right wheels about to lock and reduces braking force on the right wheels, helping to avoid lock-up and loss of vehicle How EBD worksAs per SAE technical paper #920646 - Buschmann et "The job of the EBD as a subsystem of the ABS system is to control the effective adhesion utilization by the rear The pressure of the rear wheels is approximated to the ideal brake force distribution in a partial braking To do so, the conventional brake design is modified in the direction of rear axle overbraking, and the components of the ABS are EBD reduces the strain on the hydraulic brake force proportioning valve in the EBD optimizes the brake design with regard to: adhesion utilization; driving stability; wear; temperature stress; and pedal "EBD may work in conjunction with ABS and Electronic Stability Control ("ESC") to minimize yaw accelerations during ESC compares steering wheel angle to vehicle turning rate using a yaw rate "Yaw" is the vehicle's rotation around its vertical center of gravity (turning left or right) If the yaw sensor detects more/less yaw than the steering wheel angle should create, the car is understeering or oversteering and ESC activates one of the front or rear brakes to rotate the car back into its intended For example, if a car is making a left turn and begins to understeer (the car plows forward to the outside of the turn) ESC activates the left rear brake, which will help turn the car The sensors are so sensitive, and the actuation is so quick that the system may correct direction before the driver ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up and EBD helps apply appropriate brake force to make ESC work

关于汽车零部件的论文英文1500字怎么读

你不会从图书馆电子资源里下载呀

多了打不下,自己扩充一下。Isn't it great when a plan comes together? A few months ago Beijing was fretting about an apparent collapse in demand for Muted sales data – sales of passenger cars fell 35 per cent between March and August – suggested that China would be lucky to get anywhere near its target of shifting 10m vehicles in Some pretty blunt instruments later – tax cuts and subsidies for smaller vehicles – and autos are flying off the With 7m new vehicles shifted in the first quarter (up 4 per cent year on year), China has zoomed past the US (2m, down 38 per cent) as the world's largest At that run rate, Beijing will beat its 2009 target by early D No wonder this week's Shanghai auto show is more festive than equivalent events in the west, which are being scaled back or canned But delegates should keep some champagne on Automakers are not necessarily looking at better profits: minivans mean mini- Sales of vehicles with bigger engines are falling, as they are everywhere This year's overall improvement in sales is almost certainly linked to rampant credit growth, which the banking regulator last week said it was looking to And the industry continues to grapple with structural demand Take cars: sales growth averaged about 40 per cent a year in the six years to 2008, when annual growth slipped to 7 per Even with the punchy start, 2009 is set for about 5 per cent, estimates C For a country with third-world penetration – 32 cars per 1,000 people in 2007 (compared with 800 in the US) – that kind of growth is hardly Chinese savings rates are among the highest in the world, implying huge potential for But as Morgan Stanley points out, given off-book liabilities such as retirement, healthcare and education, the average consumer is practically in negative In spite of Beijing's inducements, households may continue to prioritise these invisible debts over a new set of 一项计划的出台不是很棒吗?几个月前,中国政府为汽车需求锐减而烦恼不已。从去年3月至8月,乘用车销量减少了35%。疲软的销售数据表明,中国要是能接近实现2009年销售汽车1000万辆的目标就算走运了。采取了一些相当直接的措施(对小排量汽车下调购置税并提供补贴)后,汽车销量急速上升。今年第一季度中国新车销量达270万辆,同比增加4%,超越美国(220万辆,同比减少38%)成为世界第一大汽车销售市场。以这种增长速度,中国政府在12月初就能完成2009年的目标。难怪与西方规模缩减或压缩在一起举行的同类展会相比,本周的上海车展更具节日的欢乐气氛。但参展代表们先别忙开香槟庆祝。汽车制造商不一定能实现更多利润:微型车意味着微利。和世界其它地区一样,大排量汽车的销量正在减少。今年销量的总体改善几乎必定与信贷的高速增长有关——中国银行业监管部门上周已表示将注意控制。而汽车制造业还要继续努力解决结构性需求问题。以轿车为例:截至2008年的6年里,轿车销量以每年40%的平均速度增长,但2008年放缓至7%。虽然开局有力,但据花旗(Citi)估计,2009年汽车销量增幅可能在5%左右。对于一个汽车普及率仅为第三世界水平的国家——2007年,每千人拥有32辆汽车,而美国每千人拥有800辆——这种增长根本算不上惊人。中国的储蓄率位居世界前列,意味着巨大的消费潜能。但正如摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)指出的那样,如果考虑到退休、医疗和教育等账外债务,中国普通消费者实际上是负资产。因此,尽管中国政府采取了一系列刺激措施,但与购置新车相比,老百姓可能还是会优先考虑那些无形的债务负担。

Cars in America(美国的汽车)Cars in AmericaCars are an important part of lifein the United S The car made the UnitedStatesanationon Andit helped to make the United States what it is There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United S First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in The cars provide the most comfortable and cheapest form of The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the Nowadays there is a good system of air service provided by But it is too expensive to be used The third reason is the most important one, The American spirit of independence is what really made cars Americans don't like to wait for a bus, or a train or even a They don't like to have to follow an exact And the freedom a car gives them is what Americans want most to The decrease of gas supplies has caused a big problem for A But the answer will not be a bigger system of public The real solution will have to be a new kind of car, one that does not use so much

常用汽车产品名称中英文对照汽车引擎 Engine for automobile汽车化油器 Carburetor for automobile汽车曲轴 Crankshaft for automobile汽车连杆 Connecting rod for automobile汽车凸轮轴 Camshaft for automobile汽车汽缸头(含汽门导管) Cylinder head for automobile汽车汽缸体 Cylinder block for automobile汽车汽门座 Valve seat for automobile汽车滤清器 Filter for automobile汽车燃料油泵 Fuel pump for automobile柴油引擎用喷油泵 Fuel injection pump for diesel engine汽车活塞及环 Piston and ring for automobile汽车水箱(散热器) Radiator for automobile其他汽车引擎零组件 Other engine parts for automobile悬吊避震器 Suspension shock absorber汽车驱动轴及差速总成 Drive axle with differential assy for automobile汽车传动轴 Transmission axle for automobile汽车离合器总成 Clutch assy for automobile汽车变速箱 Gear boxes for automobile汽车用十字及三叉式接头 Universal joint for automobile汽车轮圈 Wheel rim for automobile其他汽车传动系统零件 Other transmission parts for automobile汽车方向盘、转向柱及转向箱 Steering column for automobile汽车转向齿轮 Steering pinion & racks for automobile汽车转向连杆 Steering linkage for automobile汽车连接杆 Connecting rod for automobile其他汽车转向系统组件 Other parts of steering system for automobile汽车火星塞 Spark plug for automobile汽车起动马达 Starter motor for automobile分电盘 Distrinutor汽车发电机 Generators for automobile汽车点火线圈 Ignition coil for automobile车头灯 Head lamp for automobile车后灯 Rear lamp for automobile其他汽车用电灯组 Other lamp for automobile其他汽车电气零组件 Other electric parts for automobile汽车刹车总泵 Brake master cylinder for automobile汽车刹车盘式(或碟式)总成 Brake disc assy for automobile汽车刹车来令 Brake lining for automobile汽车刹车总成 Brake assy for automobile汽车真空煞车倍力器 Vacuum brake booster for automobile防锁刹车系统 Burglar brake system for automobile其他汽车刹车零组件 Other brake parts for automobile汽车速度表 Speedometer for automobile汽车油压表 Oil pressure gauges for automobile汽车转速计 Tachometer for automobile其他汽车仪表 Other instrument meters for automobile其他汽车仪表 Other instrument meters for automobile大客车车身 Bodies for bus小货车车身 Bodies for light duty truck大货车车身 Bodies for heavy duty truck其他汽车车身 Bodies for other automobiles汽车车架大梁 Frame cross-member车身冲压件 Body stamping and press parts for automobile汽车防撞杆 Bumper for automobile汽车排气管 Exhaust pipe for automobile汽车铸件 Casting parts for automobile安全气囊系统 Air bag system汽车座椅安全带 Seat belt for automobile其他未列名汽车零件 Other parts for automobile汽车分类 古董车(Antique car)、古典车(Classic car)、露营车(Recreation Vehicle)、旅行车(Sedan Wagon)、厢型车(Van)、掀背车(Hatchback)、斜背车(Notchback)、双门车(Coupe)、敞篷车(Convertible)、货卡车(Pickup Trucks)、越野车(4x4)、运动货卡车(SUT)、运动休旅车(SUV)、多功能休旅车(MVP)、厢式休旅车(Minivan)、肌肉车(Muscle Car)、微型车(Microcar)、小型车(Compact car)、中型车(Mid-size car)、大型车(Full-size car)、轿车(Sedan)、货车(Trucks)、拖车(Trailer)、计程车(Taxicab)、大客车(Bus)、概念车(Concept Car)、跑车(Sports car)、赛车(Racing car)、超级跑车(Supercar)、国民车(Economy car)、高级车(Luxury Car)水路两用车(Amphibious vehicle)、无人驾驶车(Driverless car)、飞行车(Flying car)驱动方式 两轮驱动(2WD)、四轮驱动(4WD)、前轮驱动(Front-wheel drive;FWD)、后轮驱动(Rear-wheel drive;RWD)燃料技术 内燃机(Internal combustion engine)、蒸气车(Steam car)、电动车(Electric vehicle)、氢气车(Hydrogen vehicle)、混合动力车(Hybrid vehicle)、替代燃料车(Alternative fuel vehicle)、汽油(Gasoline)、柴油(Diesel)、液化石油气(Autogas)、生质柴油(Biodiesel)、直接喷射(Direct Injection)、间接喷射(Indirect injection)、汽油直接喷射(Gasoline Direct Injection;GDI)、柴油直接喷射(Diesel Direct Injection;DDI) 引擎位置前置引擎(Front-engine design)、前中置引擎(Front-mid-engine design)、中置引擎(Mid-engine design)、后中置引擎(Rear-mid-engine design)、后置引擎(Rear-engine design)引擎结构 汽油引擎(Gasoline engine)、柴油引擎(Diesel engine)、火花点火(Spark ignition;SI)、压缩点火(Compression ignition;CI)、二行程循环(Two-stroke cycle)、四行程循环(Four-stroke cycle)、汽门挺杆式(Over Head Valve;OHV)、顶上凸轮轴式(Over Head Camshaft;OHC)、顶上双凸轮轴式(Double Over Head Camshaft;DOHC)、直列引擎(Straight engine)、往复引擎(Reciprocating engine)、水平对卧引擎(Flat engine)、转子引擎(Wankel engine)、V型引擎(V engine)、H型引擎(H engine)、W型引擎(W engine)零件与附件 结构大梁(Frame)、副梁(Subframe)、保险杆(Bumper)、底盘(Chassis)、撞击缓冲区(Crumple zone)、挡泥板(Fender)、叶子板(Fender skirts)、水箱罩(Grille)、引擎盖(Hood)、引擎盖进气口(Hood scoop)、车柱(Pillar)、尾翼(Spoiler)车身行李厢(Trunk)、引擎盖(Hood) 蝴蝶车门(Butterfly doors)、鸥翼车门(Gull-wing door)、铡刀车门(Scissor doors)、对开车门(Free-Style doors) 天窗(Sun roof)、遮阳板(Sun visor)、挡风玻璃(Windshield)、雨刷(Windscreen wiper)、挡风玻璃清洁液(Windshield washer fluid) 后视镜(Rear-view mirror)、电动后视镜(Power mirrors)保险杆贴纸(Bumper sticker)、引擎盖标志(Hood ornament)日间行车灯(Daytime running lamp)、雾灯(Fog lamp)、大灯(Head lamp)、方向灯(Indicator)、尾灯(Taillight)、气体放电式电灯(High-Intensity Discharge;HID)故障指示灯(Malfunction Indicator Lamp;MIL)、车距感知器(Distance sensor)、停车感知器(Park sensor)排气管(Exhaust pipe)、消音器(Muffler)、触媒转化器(Catalytic converter)、氧气感知器(Oxygen sensor) 空气冷却(Air cooling)、防冻剂(Antifreeze)、水箱(Radiator)、调温器(Thermostat)、中央冷却器(Intercooler)、乙二醇(Ethylene glycol)仪器油表(Fuel gauge)、时速表(Speedometer)、转速表(Tachometer)、里程表(Odometer)、全球定位系统(Global Positioning System;GPS)、抬头显示器(Head-up display;HUD)控制方向盘(Steering wheel)、排档杆(Gear stick)、手煞车(Hand brake)、节汽门(Throttle) 座位扶手(Armrest)、长型座椅(Bench seat)、桶型座椅(Bucket seat)、儿童安全座椅(Child safety seat) 安全 气囊(Air-bag)、安全带(Seat belt)、儿童安全锁(Child safety lock)、汽车安全(Automobile safety) 车轮车轮盖(Hubcap)、钢丝轮圈(Wire wheels)、合金轮圈(Alloy wheels)、铝合金轮圈(Aluminium alloy wheel)、镁合金轮圈(Magnesium alloy wheel)轮胎辐射层轮胎(Radial-ply tire)、斜纹层轮胎(Bias-ply Tire)、斜向交织层轮胎(Bias Belted Tire)、防爆轮胎(Run-flat tire)、光头轮胎(Slick tire)、轮胎压力侦测系统(Tire Pressure Monitoring System;TPMS) 变速箱 变速箱(Transmission)、自动变速箱(Automatic transmission;AT)、手动变速箱(Manual transmission;MT)、手自排变速箱(Automatic Manual transmission;AMT)、半自动变速箱(Semi-automatic transmission)、离合器(Clutch)、万向接头(Universal joint)、差速器(Differential)、传动轴(Driveshaft)、排档杆(Gear stick)、 扭力转换器(Torque converter)、太阳齿轮(Sun Gear)、行星齿轮(Planet Gear)、环形齿轮(Ring Gear)、锁定差速器(Locking differential)、防滑差速器(Limited Slip Differential;LSD)、无段自动变速箱(Continuously Variable Transmission;CVT)、变速箱控制单元(Transmission Control Unit;TCU) 煞车 防锁死煞车系统(Anti-lock braking system;ABS)、电子制动分配系统(Electronic Brakeforce Distribution;EBD)、碟式煞车(Disk Brake)、鼓式煞车(Drum Brake)、 液压煞车(Hydraulic brake)、空气煞车(Air brake)、动力煞车(Power brake)、引擎煞车(Engine brake)、行车煞车(Service brake)、停车煞车(Parking brakes)、紧急煞车(Emergency Brake)、煞车片(Brake pad)、煞车油(Brake fluid)、手煞车(Hand brake) 这样够全了吧~~

关于汽车零部件的论文范文英语

Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive products faster and faster, also makes the Chinese automotive industry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very WTO accession for China car alarm sounded, but also tremendous opportunity, our government, as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle design Keywords concept car designed to develop science, technology and culture Technology start-ups PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY The 21st century, in order to lead and performance of the new century, the development of future automotive trends, a number of international auto companies, one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new There is, however, must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country, but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods, as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile industry, it is difficult to say that is a complete auto Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle 1 "concept car" is defined The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept It has just the design in general at the time, people's aesthetic ideas, the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing industry is also Generally it will be it avant-garde design, innovative materials, bold use of a more perfect performance, the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car, and in some large auto exposition on It can be said that with the continuous introduction of concept cars, the near future may occur on some concept cars have today, some features or functions of the But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass production cars to enter the market, the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the 2 concept car, in reality the meaning of 1 concept car design and development of automotive products reflected the development trend of 1 the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car At the International Motor Show the previous, and the major automotive companies and the introduction of the concept of lot of cars, concept cars to remove these sleek, but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introduction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking, herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources, with its show car the company's strong momentum of Various high-tech applications, making car slowly evolved into information, communications, entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world, the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement, in-car information and entertainment equipment, advanced navigation equipment, real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system, the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car, the car gradually from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform, if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant, anger, sadness and joy, such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume production cars, become a new symbol of Concept Car Design of automotive products have greater and greater impact, it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological 2 human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research, design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human Car body design in ergonomics, it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center, from the body's physiology, psychology, and exercise the human body, the research body design, layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient, safe, reliable, beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment, that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment Automotive Design Human-Computer analysis of the first ministries to human size required for measurement, statistics and analysis, conducting interior layout design as a basis to determine the effective space vehicle, as well as parts, assemblies (seats, dashboard , steering wheel, ) position and dimensions of the relationship between Through the study of human physiological structure, so that the seat design in full compliance with the requirements of human Based on the manipulation of human manipulation of the scope and power to determine the layout of the manipulator position and force size, so that when the human body to manipulate natural, rapid, accurate and lightweight, so as to reduce the degree of manipulation of Through the visual characteristics of the human eye, the effect of vision research, testing, checking driver information system, to ensure that drivers have access to proper driving Exercise in accordance with the characteristics of the human body to study the automobile collision on the human body, a reasonable protection, the right to determine the hinged point seat belts and binding on the human body to study the vibration of the impact on ride comfort, research on and get off at the convenience of passengers, and door openings in order to determine location and According to the body's physiological requirements, reasonable certainty that the air-conditioning system and Research on the psychological characteristics and requirements, to design a comfortable, beautiful, relaxed by the 3 virtual product development technology At present, a growing number of automotive design companies and manufacturing companies to start using virtual product development technology, using three-dimensional virtual reality 3D technology development concept Opel car using 3D virtual reality technology concept car design and Designers can experience floating in the air of a virtual image of car design and manufacturing, saving considerable development costs, and plans to be extended to its North American assembly plant to Britain's Rolls-Royce, Renault, France, Germany Audi, as well as Italy, Sweden and other auto plants are actively engaged in this virtual design and Over the past automotive research and development centers to develop new or modified are first shaped body sludge physical model, is extremely time-consuming Now automotive R & D, in particular the development of concept cars are increasingly seeking the shortest development If the introduction of virtual product development technologies, as long as the computer input data to construct a model figure model, in the laboratory can show an ideal vehicle images, as long as the engineers wear eyepiece, you can see clearly, there is such as a car in front of us true, after all the discussion of design engineers modifications, you can quickly design an ideal new Stereotypes, the computer can use the data, outsourcing trial and trial fitted the new parts and components, assembly achieve zero error, and the development of aging more rapidly than in the 4 the concept of green environment-friendly vehicles to the development trend of Since entering the 21st century, countries around the world have been produced about 5 billion vehicles, according to expert estimates that in 2010 global vehicle production will reach 75 People sigh at the rapid development of automobile industry, but also an increasing awareness of pollution from motor vehicles to harm human beings, so many countries of the vehicle to develop environmental protection measures and regulations to protect the environment for human survival, so automotive environmental protection the design of this new concept car design to be placed in a prominent position on the Improve energy efficiency, improved engine configurations, including electronically controlled fuel injection system, secondary air injection, thermal reactor, exhaust gas recirculation system, catalytic purification device, crankcase ventilation systems, fuel evaporation control The development of alternative fuels, research and development of new environmentally-friendly energy, including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fast charging batteries, hybrid power, hydrogen In the automotive manufacturing process, use of green materials, green packaging, green manufacturing processes and equipment and equipment Green car recycling 2 Concept car indicates road traffic in the evolution of human behavior 1 Concept foretells the future of the way road traffic trends Along with the development of automobile, the vehicle status is also slowly change, now car in people's minds as a symbol, a symbol of wealth and the embodiment of a status, but the car as a way of the nature of road traffic has Concept car design is based on the nature of a car's innovative design Concept car at the design of the way through the daily life of mankind, human beings in road traffic in the use of methods such as behavior and ways of life all aspects of prediction and analysis, it is envisaged to solve the future in the way road traffic between the object harmonious Strong and high-speed in today's technology enables the development of means of transport have a much broader space for development, more and more high-tech continuously applied at a new At present many of the world's major auto companies have realized that the development of the next car is no longer the biggest obstacles are technical limitations, but limits the designers Now appearing in major auto show concept cars are generally two types: one is based on the latest available technology can achieve another kind of concept cars are those who put forward some innovative technology options but is still in the research phase of the concept Able to express their feelings such as car, truck can random shell replacement car, be able to easily change the driving mode of motor vehicles, be able to swim in the water of the amphibious vehicle, able to fly in space vehicles, be able to change Like from Toyota and Sony jointly developed by "POD" cars, will be able to through the car before the lights, mirrors, antenna, as well as the rear seat to the car owners to express their "" Like Volkswagen's Seat International Auto Show in the United States on the introduction of multi-functional concept car "Sal? Juancheng sa", there are sports, comfort and three kinds of urban-type driving mode selection for 2 Concept of culture differences in performance The United States as a world leader in the auto industry, concept cars at the manufacturing are on the forefront in the At the United States because of cultural blending, collision, so the concept car embodies the greater the diversity of cultures; are also caused by a highly developed country commercial, commercial design and pragmatism prevailed, so the design is set up at a deep aesthetic Ethics on the real and solve practical With the American cars are in sharp contrast to the Japanese concept Japan as the world's output of the second car big country, its concept car many practical and imagination, technology is better than art, more concerned about solving technical problems, it can be said in Japan This is the premise of the concept of car design, each model is to solve one kinds of technical problems The Japanese car model to maintain a small, simple, style characteristics of the economy and harmonious relations between man-machine deal with the Japanese are reflected as a delicate oriental thinking and compromise approach to solve the The United States put the design of commercial operation as an important aspect, Japan put out of Products Designed to accelerate as a tool, Germany put Designed as a social and cultural foundation, while the French took the design as a designer of stage From various countries so the concept of car design in different styles, we can see different countries, different concepts, as well as their different cultural backgrounds 3 Concluding remarks The future of automotive design as the development of the inevitable progress of Automotive Technology with each passing day, many of the artistic style of the designer will make it even more widely and more strongly reflected in the car design, and give people a wider Under high-tech, and personality of the car more humane 21st century will be the necessity of the development of the automobile industry, because it is consistent with human culture, the pursuit of individuality and Therefore, the increase in automobile design concept of the attention and input, will be the development of China's automobile industry has played a great role in pushing References 1尹定邦 Introduction to Study Design [M] Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press, 1999 2张洪欣 Auto Design [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 1997 3 Tang Jia-Ti, Han Xiao Jian had --- Product conceptual design theory, methods and techniques [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2002 Tang Shu-Min Concept cars and car design development and innovation [J] Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Journal, 2002 (6)

How Manual Transmissions Work by Marshall Brain ­If you drive a stick-shift car, then you may have several questions floating in your ­How does the funny "H" pattern that I am moving this shift knob through have any relation to the gears inside the transmission? What is moving inside the transmission when I move the shifter? When I mess up and hear that horrible grinding sound, what is actually grinding? What would happen if I were to accidentally shift into reverse while I am speeding down the freeway? Would the entire transmission explode? In this article, we'll answer all of these questions and more as we explore the interior of a manual Cars need transmissions because of the physics of the gasoline First, any engine has a redline -- a maximum rpm value above which the engine cannot go without Second, if you have read How Horsepower Works, then you know that engines have narrow rpm ranges where horsepower and torque are at their For example, an engine might produce its maximum horsepower at 5,500 The transmission allows the gear ratio between the engine and the drive wheels to change as the car speeds up and slows You shift gears so the engine can stay below the redline and near the rpm band of its best Photo courtesy DaimlerChrysler Mercedes-Benz Actros, manual See more transmission Ideally, the transmission would be so flexible in its ratios that the engine could always run at its single, best-performance rpm That is the idea behind the continuously variable transmission (CVT) A CVT has a nearly infinite range of gear In the past, CVTs could not compete with four-speed and five-speed transmissions in terms of cost, size and reliability, so you didn't see them in production These days, improvements in design have made CVTs more The Toyota Prius is a hybrid car that uses a CVT The transmission is connected to the engine through the The input shaft of the transmission therefore turns at the same rpm as the engine

我不是财迷但你毕业论文才给10分你是不是也太吝啬了?

关于汽车零部件的论文范文

1、 实习时间:2007年3月4日至2007年3月31日2、 实习地点:河北省唐山市滦县雷庄安顺汽车修理公司3、 实习目的:了解公司日常运营状况,并根据公司的日常运营状况作出相应的系统需求分析,以便达到了解客户的目的。给即将制作的相应软件的实用性打下基础。4、 实习报告: 我们这次所实习的单位是一家私营公司,公司的规模比较大,但是在公司的日常管理中却多采用家庭式管理模式。公司的日常经营活动除了汽车的维修外,还有汽车的维护、汽车的保养、以及汽车零配件的出售等等经营活动。而目前该企业的管理处于一种较为混乱的境况:公司的责权不够明晰,公司的分工不够明确,甚至连公司的仓储管理还很不规范,造成了仓储物品的大量流失及不必要的损耗,以及帐务的混乱不清和采购费用、仓储费用的浪费。针对于公司的以上情况,公司的领导董相良先生决定对公司进行大刀阔斧的管理改革,引进先进的管理理念及工具。该公司针对与仓储物品莫名丢失的问题,于2005年引进了摄像头等监控设备(虽然耗资数万,收效起效却不是很明显)。该公司又于2006年11月中旬购置了电脑等信息设备,并准备于2007年6月份左右上马一套针对于该公司可行的企业管理系统(也就是我们的这项课题)。该公司的生产组织情况采用的似乎还是大锅饭的组织手段,人员分工并不明确,一辆车进来了,由管理者进行调配,管理者在的时候效率还算可以,当管理者忙不过来的时候,便会使工作人员互相推拖,导致工作效率的大大降低。这样的管理模式也必然导致了员工工作积极性不高、懒散等恶习,令企业失去客户、失去勃勃的生机。安顺公司的运营模式为典型的进销存模式,由公司向各配件生产厂家递交订货单,而后各公司将生产产成品运送到公司库房,最后由距离仓库100米左右的前台门市部(接待室、柜台)或公司内的汽车修理车间进行出售。企业信息化程度过低是该公司的最大薄弱区,该公司甚至在2005年11月之前连台电脑都没有,当时唯一的信息化工具就是电话了。该公司的日常管理和运营等命令的下达靠的就是一根电话线,当然有时候也会用“白条”进行日常管理及运营命令的下达,甚至有的时候采用的是口头传达形式。5、实习体会 首先,我要感谢安顺公司的董相良先生给予了我们这次珍贵的实习机会,让我们可以将我们所学的所有知识用于实际的生活之中,并且令我们在实习的过程中体味到了书本和现实生活的差距,更让我们学到了好多书本中所接触不到的东西(包括开车和简单的汽车故障的排除和维修,呵呵)。其次,在这次实习中让我更加深刻的了解了企业信息化管理的重要性。如果不是管理过于粗放,责权不够明晰,这家安顺汽车修理公司只怕早已经是飞黄腾达了,又怎么会只抱着这几百万的资产在原地踏步呢?雄厚的实力、先进的流水线设备、优秀的员工,几乎所有的优秀条件都集于一身,却只因为管理的方式方法不够科学,不够合理而导致了公司在发展上的原地踏步。在我们实习的时候,董相良先生曾经不止一次的抱怨过,他说道:“不知道怎么搞的,帐务核对每次都有合不上的地方,少说差个几块、几十块,多了那就没准了,几百块的时候都是有的,仓库里的东西也经常是到够着去用的时候才知道原来早已经没有货了,到时候车(要进行维修的车)要在车间仓库停个大半天,活计也要耽误大半天,要修的进不来,要干的干不了,这一天天下来损失可是很大的。”确实,在我们实习的工程中我们也发现,安顺汽车修配公司的进货没有个计划,有时候货物在仓库造成了积压,有时候又会出现董相良先生刚才所说的货物到用的时候才发现已经没有货者数目不够的情况,这样就产生了重复采购和小批量等不科学的采购方法,而这种不科学的采购方法又会增加采购成本的增加,造成了成本的增加和采购资金的大量浪费。成本增加,利润减少,导致了公司竞争力的下降,虽然公司规模较大,共有8条重型车修理线,1个轿车修理专用车间(滦县雷庄地区车况轿车少,重型车多),但是试问,这样的管理,这样的“薄利”,只怕就是比尔盖茨也回天乏术啊。在这次实习中,我也看到了自己的不足,知识的欠缺让我的好多想法都成为了“理想方程式”,尤其是在分析系统的时候,更是有一种手足无措的感觉。在这个时候,我们的那种初生牛犊不怕虎的“冲劲”就变得荡然无存,取而代之的是畏首畏尾,抑或不知所措。这也让我们看到了实践的重要性。最后,我要衷心的感谢我的母校——河北理工大学,是您给了我这次实习的机会,是您让我明白了自己的价值。同样,我也要感谢吕震宇老师、赵爽老师、李玉光老师的悉心指导,正是有了您们的支持才让我们在实践中勇于知难而上,也是您们的教育让我们在看问题的时候能够科学合理的进行分析继而找出真正的症结所在!

厢式汽车底盘改装设计【摘要】根据用户需求,使厢式汽车具有各种功能,必须对其底盘进行改造。文章在分析底盘改装设计内容和要求的基础上,对车架后悬的改装,千斤顶的安装,油箱的移位等提出改造设计方案,并提出了操作注意事项。【关键词】底盘;改装设计;注意事项0引言厢式汽车是具有独立的封闭结构车厢或与驾驶室联成一体的整体式封闭结构车厢,装备有专用设施,用于载运人员、货物或承担专门作业的专用汽车厢式汽车主要由二类汽车底盘、车厢,连接装置等组成。多数情况下,生产厢式汽车的专用汽车改装厂自己不生产底盘,而是从生产汽车的主机厂购买二类汽车底盘,回厂后根据需要对底盘进行改装设计。为了满足用户提出的要求,保证厢式车具有各种各样的功能,需要对底盘进行这样那样的改装设计总结笔者多年来的工作经验,底盘改装项目主要有车架后悬的改变、加装千斤顶、油箱移位、移动横梁、移动汽液管等。改装时,总的原则是不影响、不降低原二类底盘的性能,不允许随意改变底盘轴距、轮距,保证改装后底盘的强度性能。改装设计应使原来底盘的保养部位、润滑点、注油口、蓄电池和驾驶室翻转操纵机构易于接近,便于操作,不能损坏原底盘上为用户正确使用而设置的各种标识,不应使底盘的维修及保养变得困难[1]。1车架后悬的改造1后悬改装设计车架后悬的改造有两种情况,1)后悬缩短。2)后悬加长。按照GB7258《机动车运行安全技术条件》[2]要求,客车及封闭式车厢的车辆后悬不得超过轴距的65%,最大不得超过5m。对于特殊改装汽车,除了满足上述条件外,为了保证车辆越野性,还要满足离去角要求,GJB219B《军用通信车通用规范》[3]中规定,底盘改装后离去角不得小于26°。一般情况下,车架后端至上装车厢后端的距离不得超过400 mm。当缩短车架后悬时,要保留后横梁或直接利用后横梁附近之前的横梁,同时注意不能损坏板簧后吊耳的连接。当加长车架后悬时,后横梁至前一横梁的距离不应大于1 200mm~1 400 mm,必要时在延长的空间内纵向增加辅助横梁。不论缩短还是加长车架后悬,改制后的后横梁在车架大梁前大约50mm左右(见图1)。后悬加长设计时,为了保证车架的强度,要采用与原车架纵横梁同型号、规格的材料,材料的性能、质量应符合相应标准的规定,一般车架都选用16MnL专用材料。2后悬改装操作注意事项后悬改装时要移动后横梁或增加辅助横梁,横梁与纵梁上下翼联接最好采用铆接方式。铆接具有工艺简单、抗震、耐冲击和牢固可靠等优点。如果采用螺栓联接,要注意螺栓应采用强度等级不低于8级的螺栓,螺母应采用自锁螺母,整体上要保证强度和防松要求。纵梁加长一般采用焊接方式,为了确保车架加长不出现质量问题,一般企业都制定了《车辆改装车架接长专用工艺规程》,其中规定了焊接人员、设备、材料、操作方法等,每批产品改装前都要做焊缝强度试验,试验合格后,才允许按照工艺要求进行施工。试样材料与被接长的纵梁一致,一般都是16MnL,按照下图制作两件(见图2)。两件对接立焊,采用J507或J502焊条,分两次焊完,底层采用!(2 mm焊条,顶层采用(!4 mm焊条,电流I=110~170A。焊缝要求如下(图3)。

学术堂整理了一份汽车系毕业论文范文,供大家进行参考:  范文题目《浅谈混合动力汽车的检测与维修》  摘要:目前已研制成功并投入使用的混合动力电动汽车主要是内燃机与蓄电池混合的混合动力电动汽车,它被称为油电混合动力汽车。首先,随着汽车电控化程度的提高,特别是未来混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车以及燃料电池汽车的发展,汽车的主要故障将出现在电路方面,面对复杂、纷乱的汽车电路时,只有具备了过硬的理论知识后才有可能将它们理清楚、弄明白,才有可能进一步的形成正确的诊断思路,找到正确的维修方法。我们知道不同的混合动力系统其结构和工作原理各不相同,这就使得不同的混合动力汽车其检测与维修的方法也会有很大的差异。  关键词:混合动力汽车,检测,维修  混合动力电动汽车的英文是“Hybrid Electric Vehicle”,简称“HEV”。根据国际机电委员会下属的电力机动车技术委员会的建议,混合动力电动汽车是指有两种或两种以上的储能器、能源或转换器作驱动能源,至少有一种能提供电能的车辆称为混合动力电动汽车。目前已研制成功并投入使用的混合动力电动汽车主要是内燃机与蓄电池混合的混合动力电动汽车,它被称为油电混合动力汽车。本论文所述的混合动力汽车也只局限于这类油电混合动力汽车。  所谓油电混合动力电动汽车(以下简称混合动力汽车),是指采用传统的内燃机和电动机(电池) 做为动力源,通过使用热能和电力两套系统驱动汽车。混合动力汽车采用的内燃机既可是汽油机也可以是柴油机,而使用的电动系统包括高效强化的电动机、发电机和蓄电池。两套系统的联合使用使得内燃机、电动机都可在高效区经济内运行,输出功率相对稳定。燃油提供了车辆运行所需的大部分能量来源,而辅助动力单元即动力电池通过电机使车辆具有更好的动力性和经济性。  一、混合动力汽车的检测与维修概述  汽车维修工作主要分为保养、机械维修、电器及电控系统维修、钣金和喷漆这几个部分。对于混合动力汽车来说,它与传统的内燃机汽车的主要差别在于增加了一套电驱动系统,这套系统的增加使得原本就复杂的电控系统变得更加复杂,电器及电控系统的维修难度之大不言而喻。由于增加了一套电驱动系统并对原有内燃机汽车的结构作了相应的改造,这决定了混合动力汽车必将产生出新的特有的故障类型,原本适用于传统内燃机汽车的一些维修经验、诊断思路和检测方法在混合动力汽车上可能将不再适用,所以,作为一名维修人员如果墨守成规、依赖经验,不注重理论知识的学习和诊断思维的培养,将很快被淘汰。那么我们应该如何来面对接下来的挑战呢?  首先,随着汽车电控化程度的提高,特别是未来混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车以及燃料电池汽车的发展,汽车的主要故障将出现在电路方面,面对复杂、纷乱的汽车电路时,只有具备了过硬的理论知识后才有可能将它们理清楚、弄明白,才有可能进一步的形成正确的诊断思路,找到正确的维修方法。  其次,多观察、多比较。在掌握相关理论知识的基础上要回到实践当中来,多观察、多比较。仔细观察汽车的结构,认真的比较它与传统的内燃机汽车的异同点,将理论与实践紧密的连接起来。  再次,勤总结。混合动力汽车必然会出现不同于现有传统内燃机汽车的特有的故障类型,应该在维修实践中将其详细的记录下来并认真的分析和总结,日积月累便能形成一套适合于混合动力汽车的行之有效的维修方法。  二、混合动力汽车的检测与维修  我们知道不同的混合动力系统其结构和工作原理各不相同,这就使得不同的混合动力汽车其检测与维修的方法也会有很大的差异。本文以丰田普锐斯混合动力汽车为例简单的介绍一下与混合动力汽车的检测与维修相关的问题。  1、普锐斯混合动力汽车检测与维修注意事项  普锐斯采用的是高压电路,动力电池组的额定电压为6V,发电机和电动机发出(或使用)的电压为500V。在普锐斯的电路系统中,高压电路的线束和连接器都为橙色,而且蓄电池等高压零件都贴有“高压”的警示标志,注意!不要触碰这些配线。论文格式。在检修过程中一定要严格按照正确的操作步骤操作。在检修过程中(如安装或拆卸零部件、对车辆进行检查等)必须注意以下几点:  (1)对高压系统进行操作时首先应将车辆电源开关关闭;  (2)穿好绝缘手套(戴绝缘手套前一定要先检查手套,不能有破损,哪怕针眼大的也不行,不能有裂纹,不能有老化的迹象,也不能是湿的);  (3)将辅助蓄电池的负极电缆断开(在此之前应先查看故障码,有必要的化将故障码保存或记录下来,因为与传统内燃机汽车一样,断开蓄电池负极电缆故障码将被清除);  (4)拆下检修塞,并将检修塞放在衣袋里妥善保管,这样可以避免其他人员误将检修塞装回原处,造成意外;  (5)拆下检修塞后不要操作电源开关,否则可能损坏混合动力ECU;  (6)拆下检修塞后至少将车辆放置5分钟后再进行其他操作,因为至少需要5分钟的时间对变频器内的高压电容器进行放电;  (7)在进行高压系统的作业时,应在醒目的地方摆放警告标志,以提醒他人注意安全;  (8)不要随身携带任何金属物体或其他导电体,以免不小心掉落引起线路短路;  (9)拆下任何高压配线后应立刻用绝缘交代将其包好,保证其完全绝缘;  (10)一定要按规定扭矩将高压螺钉端子拧紧。扭矩过大或过小都有可能导致故障;  (11)完成对高压系统的操作后,在重新安装检修赛前,应再次确认在工作平台周围没有遗留任何零件或工具,并确认高压端子已拧紧,连接器已插好。论文格式。  2、普锐斯的基本检修程序  (1)车辆进入车间。  (2)分析各户所述的故障。  (3)将智能诊断仪II连接到车辆的诊断插座上。  (4)读取故障码和定格数据,并将其记录下来。如果出现与CAN通信系统有关的故障码则应首先检查并修复CAN通信。  (5)清除故障码。  (6)故障症状确认。若故障未出现则进行故障症状模拟;若故障出现则查看故障码及相关数据流以获取相关信息。  (7)进行基本检查,查阅相关资料。  (8)根据故障现象、故障码、相关数据流并结合其他的检测手段进行故障诊断,找出故障原因。  (9)排除故障。  (10)确认故障排除。  3、普锐斯混合动力汽车混合动力控制系统的检测与维修  (1)对混合动力汽车控制系统进行操作前必须弄清楚混合动力汽车控制系统的组成和工作原理并结合电路图和相关的维修资料严格按规范的操作步骤进行。  (2)普锐斯混合动力系统的相关检查  ①检查变频器  查看故障码;清除故障码;戴上绝缘手套;关闭电源开关;拆下检修塞;拆下变频器盖,断开端子A和B。  将电源开关拨到IG位置,此时会产生互锁开关系统的故障码;在线束侧用电压表测电压,同时用欧姆表测电阻。  ②检查转换器(戴上绝缘手套操作)  若混合动力系统警告灯、主警告灯和充电警告灯同时点亮,则检查故障码并进行相应的故障排除。  ③检查速度传感器  用欧姆表测量端子间的电阻,其值应符合标准值,否则更换变速驱动桥总成。  ④检查温度传感器  用欧姆表测量端子间的电阻,应符合标准值,否则更换变速驱动桥总成。  ⑤检查加速踏板位置信号  将电源开关拨到IG位置;用电压表测量混合动力车辆控制ECU连接器B中相应端子的电压,应符合标准值,否则更换加速踏板连杆总成。  4、普锐斯混合动力汽车电池系统的检测与维修  普锐斯混合动力汽车电池系统主要由以下几部分组成:动力电池组、12V辅助电池、电池ECU、冷却系统、电流传感器、检修塞系统主继电器等组成。  动力电池组:普锐斯采用的是镍-氢动力电池组,它具有高功率密度和常使用寿命的特点。该电池组由28个电池模块串联而成,每个模块由6个1V或2V的单节电池串联而成。所以整个电池组共168个单节电池,可以得到6V的高电压。论文格式。  电池ECU:电池ECU的功能是用来检测电池组的充电状态(SOC)、温度、电压、电流以及是否漏电,并将这些信息发送到HV ECU(混合动力ECU)。电池ECU还负责控制冷却风扇的工作,确保电池组处于正常的温度范围内。  电池组冷却系统:电池组冷却系统由冷却风扇,一个进气温度传感器和3个位于电池内的温度传感器以及通风管路组成。3个温度传感器和一个进气温度传感器随时检测蓄电池及进气口的进气温度,若温度升高到一定值,电池ECU将启动冷却风扇,直到温度下降到规定值,从而使电池组的温度始终保持在正常的范围内。  检修塞:检修塞位于电池组第19模块和第20模块中间,在检查或维修前拆下检修塞便可以切断电池组中部的高压电路,可以保证维修期间的人员安全。  系统主继电器(SMR):系统主继电器的作用是按照HV ECU的指令连接和断开到高压电路的动力。系统主继电器共由3个继电器组成,两个位于正极分别为SMR1、SMR2,一个位于负极SMR3。电路接通时,SMR1和SMR3工作,而后SMR2工作而SMR1关闭。  辅助蓄电池:普锐斯采用的是12V的免维护电池,它与传统的汽车用蓄电池类似,负极也是通过车身接地的。该电池对高压很敏感,对其充电时应将它从车上拆下,用丰田专用的充电机充电,普通充电器没有专用的电压控制功能,有可能毁坏电池。  参考文献  [1] 陈清泉,孙逢春 编译 混合电动车辆基础[M] 北京:北京理工大学出版社,  [2] 张金柱 混合动力汽车结构、原理与维修[M] 北京:化学工业出版社,  [3] 耿新 混合动力技术的原理和应用[J] 汽车维修与保养,  [4] Jon M 用于混合动力/电动汽车的可靠锂离子电池监视系统[J] CompoTechChina,2008(10)  [5] 陈宗璋,吴振军 电动汽车动力源类型[J] 大众英雄,2008,(3)

关于汽车零部件的论文摘要

论文摘要怎么写 摘要的写作 摘要的概念和作用 摘要又称概要,内容提要摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明,确切地记述文献重要内容的短文其基本要素包括研究目的,方法,结果和结论具体地讲就是研究工作的主要对象和范围,采用的手段和方法,得出的结果和重要的结论,有时也包括具有情报价值的其它重要的信息摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并且拥有与文献同等量的主要信息,即不阅读全文,就能获得必要的信息对一篇完整的论文都要求写随文摘要,摘要的主要功能有: 1) 让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容,以补充题名的不足现代科技文献信息浩如烟海,读者检索到论文题名后是否会阅读全文,主要就是通过阅读摘要来判断;所以,摘要担负着吸引读者和将文章的主要内容介绍给读者的任务 2) 为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提供方便论文发表后,文摘杂志或各种数据库对摘要可以不作修改或稍作修改而直接利用,从而避免他人编写摘要可能产生的误解,欠缺甚至错误随着电子计算机技术和Internet网的迅猛发展,网上查询,检索和下载专业数据已成为当前科技信息情报检索的重要手段,网上各类全文数据库,文摘数据库,越来越显示出现代社会信息交流的水平和发展趋势同时论文摘要的索引是读者检索文献的重要工具所以论文摘要的质量高低,直接影响着论文的被检索率和被引频次 摘要的分类 按摘要的不同功能来划分,大致有如下3种类型 1 报道性摘要 报道性摘要是指明一次文献的主题范围及内容梗概的简明摘要,相当于简介报道性摘要一般用来反映科技论文的目的,方法及主要结果与结论,在有限的字数内向读者提供尽可能多的定性或定量的信息,充分反映该研究的创新之处科技论文如果没有创新内容,如果没有经得起检验的与众不同的方法或结论,是不会引起读者的阅读兴趣的;所以建议学术性期刊(或论文集)多选用报道性摘要,用比其他类摘要字数稍多的篇幅,向读者介绍论文的主要内容以"摘录要点"的形式报道出作者的主要研究成果和比较完整的定量及定性的信息篇幅以300字左右为宜 2 指示性摘要 指示性摘要是指明一次文献的论题及取得的成果的性质和水平的摘要,其目的是使读者对该研究的主要内容(即作者做了什么工作)有一个轮廓性的了解创新内容较少的论文,其摘要可写成指示性摘要,一般适用于学术性期刊的简报,问题讨论等栏目以及技术性期刊等只概括地介绍论文的论题,使读者对论文的主要内容有大致的了解篇幅以100字左右为宜 3 报道-指示性摘要 报道-指示性摘要是以报道性摘要的形式表述论文中价值最高的那部分内容,其余部分则以指示性摘要形式表达篇幅以100~200字为宜 以上3种摘要分类形式都可供作者选用一般地说,向学术性期刊投稿,应选用报道性摘要形式(江西电大会计本科毕业论文要求此种);只有创新内容较少的论文,其摘要可写成报道-指示性或指示性摘要论文发表的最终目的是要被人利用如果摘要写得不好,在当今信息激增的时代论文进入文摘杂志,检索数据库,被人阅读,引用的机会就会少得多,甚至丧失一篇论文价值很高,创新内容很多,若写成指示性摘要,可能就会失去较多的读者 摘要的写作注意事项 1) 摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容;切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要;一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)

同学你好,毕业了就需要面临写论文,对于江淮汽车零部件供应方面的论文不知道你是否确定选题,确定选题了接下来你需要根据选题去查阅前辈们的相关论文,看看人家是怎么规划论文整体框架的;其次就是需要自己动手收集资料了,进而整理和分析资料得出自己的论文框架;最后就是按照框架去组织论文了。你如果需要什么参考资料和范文我可以提供给你。还有什么不了解的可以直接问我,希望可以帮到你,祝写作过程顺利。1、题目。应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,言简意赅,引人注目,一般不宜超过20个字。论文摘要和关键词。2、论文摘要应阐述学位论文的主要观点。说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。尽可能保留原论文的基本信息,突出论文的创造性成果和新见解。而不应是各章节标题的简单罗列。摘要以200字左右为宜。关键词是能反映论文主旨最关键的词句,一般3-5个。3、目录。既是论文的提纲,也是论文组成部分的小标题,应标注相应页码。4、引言(或序言)。内容应包括本研究领域的国内外现状,本论文所要解决的问题及这项研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论意义与实用价值。5、正文。是毕业论文的主体。6、结论。论文结论要求明确、精炼、完整,应阐明自己的创造性成果或新见解,以及在本领域的意义。7、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后,参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。

发动机自动熄火的诊断分析  发动机自动熄火的诊断分析  摘要: 现代的轿车发动机大多是电子控制燃油喷射型的汽油发动机,自动熄火的原因很多,首先要分析自动熄火的症状。汽车发动机经过长期的使用后或者人为的原因导致发动机自动熄火,那是什么原因导致发动机自动熄火呢?那就要我们带着问题来探研问题的所在,从中认我们知道发动机为什么自动熄火,这样我们才可以以后避免发动机自动熄火后带给我们的麻烦,防范于未然。  关键词: 发动机 自动熄火 诊断分析 检测 维修 熄火故障原因  绪论  在汽车技术日新月异的今天,电脑控制技术已经应用到汽车的各个系统,各种新结构、新技术的不断涌现,使汽车维修人员面临着更加大的挑战。现代汽车维修技术的特征表现为“七分诊断,三分修理” ,发动机常见故障现象、故障原因、诊断方法和思路、诊断与排除等发生了很大的改观,因此,我通过长时间的在校学习,并参考了大量的维修资料写下了该文。  一 发动机的概述  1发动机的简介  发动机机体是构成发动机的骨架,是发动机各机构和各系统的安装基础,其内、外安装着发动机的所有主要零件和附件,承受各种载荷。因此,机体必须要有足够的强度和刚度。机体组主要由气缸体、曲轴箱、气缸盖和气缸垫等零件组成。  2发动机的工作原理(配图)  发动机是一种能量转换机构,它将燃料燃烧产生的热能转变成机械能。要完成这个能转换必须经过进气,把可燃混合气(或新鲜空气)引入气缸;然后将进入气缸的可燃混合气(或新鲜空气)压缩,压缩接近终点时点燃可燃混合气(或将柴油高压喷入气缸内形成可燃混合气并引燃);可燃混合气着火燃烧,膨胀推动活塞下行实现对外作功;最后排出燃烧后的废气。即进气、压缩、作功、排气四个过程。把这四个过程叫做发动机的一个工作循环,工作循环不断地重复,就实现了能量转换,使发动机能够连续运转。把完成一个工作循环,曲轴转两圈(720°),活塞上下往复运动四次,称为四行程发动机。而把完成一个工作循环,曲轴转一圈(360°),活塞上下往复运动两次,称为二行程发动机。  3常见发动机的结构(图)  发动机的结构主要由以下的两大机构和五大系统组成。  曲柄连杆机构:包括活塞、连杆、曲轴、飞轮、活塞环及活塞销等;  配气机构: 包括凸轮轴、进排气门、正时齿轮、气门弹簧及气门座等部份;  燃油供给系:包括汽油箱、汽油泵、汽油滤清器、燃油喷射系统、空气滤清器、进排气管及消声器等部份;  冷却系:包括水泵、散热器、风扇、节温器及水管等部份;  润滑系:包括机油泵、机油滤清器、机油集滤器及油道等部份;  点火系:包括蓄电池、发电机、点火线圈、火花塞及高压线等部份;  起动系:包括起动机及其附属装置。其中气缸盖、气缸体、进气歧管由铝合金制成,而气缸套及凸轮轴则由铸铁制成;并采用平衡轴的方式平平衡因曲柄连杆机构产生的旋转惯性力和往复惯性力,以降低发动机的振动。  二 发动机的检修  1发动机的拆卸(步骤)  拆下蓄电池的负极接线,把发动机室机盖提起到垂直位置,再卸下空气滤清器。放掉冷却液,然后拆下散热器。对装有空调的发动机,卸下空调压缩机的动皮带,然后拆下压缩机,并在不拆软管的情况下把它移到一边。松开动力泵储液罐的注液盖,然后用注射器抽净罐中的液压油,再拧上储液罐盖。拆下油门拉线,拆下液压制动助力器的固定螺栓或在进气歧管上的固定螺母,撒下安装接头用的两个密封垫圈。从缸盖后面的支架上松开真空助力器软管。拆下水泵上的散热器上软管和节温器壳上的储液罐软管。拆下水泵出水口右侧的暖风水箱软管和缸盖后面的左侧的软管。对装有液压气动悬架的车辆,从缸盖的右侧卸开液压泵。拆下燃油分配器和燃油压力调节器上的软管,然后用干净的抹布在装配螺栓处堵住油管以防燃油外泄。拆除全部影响发动机拆卸的导线和软管以及与此有关的例如冷启动阀、电磁压力调节器、空气流量传感器、节气门壳、辅助空气装置、冷却液温度传感器和缸盖温度开关、油底壳油位传感器、交流发电机、起动机和点火线圈等零部件、元器件和总成。拆下点火系统电子开关装置的两个电气连接器。然后拆下诊断插座与翼子板的固定螺栓,从插座的后面拆下电气导线连接器。拆下进气歧管上的机油滤清器导线护罩支撑与安装支架的固定螺栓。从各个连接件和电缆夹上松开导线和电缆并把拆下的导线和电缆与发动机分离开来。提升车辆并把它可靠地支承在支撑台架上。对装有发动机下托架的车辆,卸下前支撑、螺栓、后凸缘螺母和螺栓,然后拆下下托架。对于早期的车辆,松开座架并拆下发动机前减震垫。拆下凸缘螺母或螺栓,然后把排气管与歧管分离开来。松开软管夹,拆下螺母以松开发动机右侧连接件上的动力转向软管,并用干净抹布堵住软管和金属管。拆下发动机搭铁线的固定螺栓和螺母,然后取下搭铁线。拆卸下传动轴,拆下发动机支架与托架的固定螺栓。用提升装置把发动机连同变速器一起从发动机室中提。  2发动机的安装  发动机组装程序与要求如下:(步骤)  在组装发动机时要全部使用新垫和新油封,并且保证全部零件都涂有适量的机油以及在缸筒中和曲轴箱内不残留金属多余物。在安装活塞与连杆组件时,要翻转缸体使之右侧面朝上,然后把连杆伸进缸筒中,再用活塞环夹紧器夹紧活塞环并把活塞引进到缸筒中,再用木锤把或类似的硬木棒把活塞与连杆组件顶到位。  用规定的力矩拧紧连杆轴承盖螺母和主轴承盖螺栓,然后用手转动曲轴以确定其转动阻力适度。对于拉伸螺栓的连杆,不要使用扭力扳手拧紧,而要用转角器拧紧,而且要确保拉伸段的直径大于89-076mm、被连杆轴承盖挡住部分的直径应不小于87mm。出于标准化上的原因,对于全部连接用螺栓相对于转角器的拧紧转角为90°+10°,也就是在以83N·m-9N·m的扭矩拧紧后再拧转90°;请注意对于190E款型,在第三个主轴承盖处装有曲轴止推垫。此止推垫的两个凸耳放在主轴盖的凹槽中以防止其转动,在安装时应使止推垫带有槽的一面面向曲轴的止推面。分解机油泵并检查齿轮的齿隙,然后检查泵盖安装面的翘曲量,若超过规定,则用机械加工的方式使其平整,若泵盖的内表面磨损严重,则予以更换。安装上机油泵。再安装上油底壳、下曲轴箱,并按规定的力矩拧紧固定螺栓,然后把缸体的上表面转动向上,装上缸垫和缸盖,按规定顺序和力矩拧紧缸盖固定螺栓。安装上气门室盖,并按规定的力矩拧紧固定螺栓,最后把余下的全部零部件安装到发动机上。利用吊装设备把发动机装入发动机室中。  2.3发动机的磨合  发动机总成装配后,一般要求经过冷磨合与热试后才能投入使用,通过冷磨与热试对提高零件配合质量,保证正确的间隙(如气门间隙和准确的正时),从而提高发动机的动力性,经济性,工作可靠性和使用寿命  1 发动机的冷磨合  发动机的冷磨合是指以发动机或其他动力带动发动机运转磨合的过程其功用是使相对配合的零件之间进行自然磨合由于冷磨合后,还必须对发动机进行拆检与清洗,所以冷磨时可不安装燃油供给系统和点火系统各附件,如果已安装上,则应拆下汽油机活塞,以减小冷磨合汽缸内的压力,减小发动机零件的机械负荷  2 发动机的热试  将装配好的发动机,以其本身产生的动力进行运转试验的过程,热试可将发动机安装到车上后进行热试时,发动机工作温度达到正常后,应使发动机在不同的转速下运转此外,还应该检查有无漏水,气及油现象,检查调整气门间隙,点火正时,怠速转速等,观察电流表,冷却液温度表,机油压力表指示灯是否正常,听该发动机工作是否有异响,检查发动机汽缸是否符合规定标准,热试的时间为5-0小时。  三 发动机自动熄火的故障维修  1故障现象  故障现象 发动机运转或汽车行驶过程中自动熄火,而再起动并没有多大困难的现象。  2常见故障原因  进气管路真空泄漏;怠速调整不当、节气们体过脏、怠速系统控制不良等造成的怠速不稳;燃油压力不稳定,例如电动燃油泵电刷过度磨损或接触不良,或燃油泵滤网堵塞等;废气再循环阀门阻塞或底部泄漏;燃油泵电路、喷油器驱动电路等电路有接触不良等故障;燃油泵继电器、EFI继电器、点火继电器不良等;点火系工作不良。例如高压火弱,火花塞使用时间过久,点火正时不对,点火线圈接触不良或热态时存在匝路导致没有高压火花或高压火花弱,低压线路接触不良,绝缘胶损坏间歇搭铁等;节气门位置传感器不良;空气流量计或进气压力传感器有故障;冷却液温度传感器、氧传感器有故障;曲轴位置传感器有故障,如无转速信号(插头末插好、曲轴位置传感器信号线断、传感器定位螺钉松动、间隙失调、传感器损坏等);曲轴位置传感器信号齿圈断齿,会引起加速时熄火,曲轴位置传感器内电子元件温度稳定性能差,会导致信号不正常,会引发间歇性熄火故障;ECU有故障。  3故障诊断的一般步骤(步骤次序)  先进行故障自诊断,检查有无故障码出现。如有,则按所显示的故障码查找故障原因。要特别注意会影响点火、喷油、怠速、配气相位变化的传感器和执行器(如发动机转速及曲轴位置传感器、凸轮轴位置传感器、冷却液温度传感器、节气门位置传感器、怠速控制阀等)有无故障。  如发动机自动熄火发生在怠速工况,且熄火后可立即起动可按怠速不稳易熄火进行检查。  采用故障模拟征兆法振动熔丝盒,各线束接头,看故障能否出现。然后进一步检查各线事业接头有无接触不良,各搭铁线有无搭救铁不良,目视检查线事业绝缘层有无损坏和间歇搭铁现象。  采用故障模拟征兆法改变ECU、点火器等工作环境温度,重现故障,进而诊断故障原因。  试更换点火线圈、火花塞等。  在不断试车过程中,有多通道示波器同时监测发动机转速及曲轴位置传感器、空气流量计、电脑的5V参考电压等信号。  如果在熄火前有喘振、加速不良的现象再慢慢熄火的话,故障可能发生在供油不畅上。可接上燃油压力表,最好能将压力表用透明胶固定于前挡风玻璃上,再试车确定。如存在熄火时油压力过低的现象,则应检查油箱、电动燃油泵、燃油滤清器、油压调节器及燃油泵控制电路。  试车时接上专用诊断仪,读取故障出现前后的数据,进行对比分析,从而找出故障。  按故障逐个检查排除。  4故障诊断的相关要点(分点讲出来)  在对电控系统引出的故障诊断时,千万不要忘记先进行基本检查。例如:在试图诊断电控单元控制的燃油喷射系统故障之前,一定要确保进气管路无泄漏,配气正时、点火正时。如果存在这些不良现象,发动机的抗负荷交变能力就差,在工作状况突变的情况下可能熄火,如加速熄火、制动熄火、开空调熄火、挂档熄火等。  有些汽车的间歇性故障是难于诊断的,除非是检查汽车时正好显示故障。因此,当进行诊断测试时,故障症状不出现,故障就难以诊断。解决方法是放车到维修站,由技师驾车在可能出现出问题的状态下行驶,直到故障出现。这种方法就不凑巧了,因为这样故障短时间不出现,就得无休止地驾车。还在一种方法就是故障出现就打电话给维修站,这一方法对长时间熄火无法起动很受用。一般就来这种现象只会越来越严重,如一时无法确诊,也可待故障明显后再作检查。  检查不定时的怠速熄火故障时,有时换火花塞是必要的。  当怀疑空气流量计不良(如空气流量计热线过脏;内部电路连接焊点脱落、接触不良等)时,可用示波器检查空气流量计信号电压波形。  当怀疑进气压力传感器不良时,应先检查传感器真空胶管,看是否破裂,弯折,是否有时漏气,有时不漏气,使进气压力传感器信号时而正常,时而不正常,造成发动机收加速踏板时熄火。还应检查对喷油量影响较大的传感器。冷却液温度传感器不仅对喷油量有影响,也对修正点火提前角的信号之一,应要重视。有时某些车型的氧传感器信号电压无变化,容易造成发动机加速时熄火。  如果在较高速行驶中先出现加速不良而造成的熄火,要重点检查油路;如果较高速过程中突然熄火则重点检查电路方面,高压火花是否过弱是必要检查项目之一。突然熄火、间歇熄火还应该对控制点火的主要传感器发动机转速用曲轴位置传感器进行检查。故障模拟试验方法。在故障诊断中最困难的情形是有故障,但没有明显的故障征兆。在这种情况下必须进行彻底的故障分析,然后模拟与用户车辆出现故障时相同的条件和环境,进行就车诊断。这样有助于故障处理。  四 故障实例  1道奇车自动熄火故障  故障现象  一辆三星道奇乘用车,在行使了一段路程后其发动机突然自动熄火,再起动时发动机不能着火,但过了大约15min后起到发动机时又能正常起到,且怠速平稳,加速性能良好。  故障分析  在冷机状态下测量燃油系统压力,压力正常;在发动机自动熄火后测量燃油系统压力,该系统的压力明显低于正常值;进一步检查时发现在冷机时燃油泵输出的燃油压力正常,在热机时燃油泵输出的燃油压力偏低,因此燃油泵本身油问题。  排除方法  更换该燃油泵。  2康明斯发动机自动熄火故障  Cummins康明斯发动机-自动熄火-的故障原因分析与处理方法  1:燃油用完或燃油关断阀切断油路处理:检查燃油关断阀,看它是否开启。如系关闭,应予打开。检查油箱中有否燃油。如果油箱无油,则加油原因。  2:燃油质量低劣处理:检查更换燃油原因。  3:燃油输油管道漏气处理:检查连接件有无松动,管道有无破裂,滤清器是否未上紧等,并一一校正原因。  4:内输油路或外输油路漏油处理:对所有滤清器、密封垫、管道和连接件作外油路漏油检查。用加压办法作内油路漏油检查。修理或更换原因。  5:燃油泵驱动轴断裂处理:检查齿轮泵驱动轴是否断裂。重新调校或更换原因。  6:节气门传动杆调整不当或磨损处理:检查磨损情况,更换并调整传动杆原因。  7:怠速弹簧装配不对处理:重新装配调整原因。  8:限速器离心锤装配不当处理:重新调校原因。  9:燃油中有水分或蜡质处理:更换燃油,更换所有滤清器,装设燃油加热器原因。  10:燃油泵校准不正确处理:重新调校燃油泵原因。  11:密封垫漏气处理:进行压力检查,找出漏气的气缸,更换并修理。  3奔驰轿车自动熄火故障  故障现象  一款1996年产奔驰豪华型W140 S320轿车。该车在行驶中突然熄火,再次着车,ABS、ASR、驻车制动报警灯和制动蹄片报警灯都同时点亮,并且着车几分钟后,车辆再次熄火。  故障原因及分析  接车后,打开发动机舱盖,发动机及线束一切都十分整齐,看来此车保养得非常好,车主说此车从来没出现过大毛病,所以不必考虑发动机有什么问题。打开点火开关,仪表灯微亮,将点火开关旋至起动挡,起动机“哒哒”作响不运转,好像蓄电池严重亏电。用万用表测起动时电压,只有9V,利用强起动蓄电池着车后,ABS、ASR、驻车制动灯及制动蹄片报警灯都常亮不灭,取下起动蓄电池,不一会儿发动机又熄火。  再次强起动,测发电机的电压为蓄电池电压,说明发电机不发电。测量发电机D+端子,有+14V电压输出,证明发电机良好。为什么发电机良好却不发电,而且发电机充电指示灯也不亮。于是拆下组合仪表,取出充电指示灯灯泡,没有烧坏,线路也没有问题。无奈之下,只有人为强行让发电机发电。这样做有一定的危险,但为了进一步验证发电机是否真是好的,只好采取此办法。方法是:取一个点火开关处火线,接在一个二极管的正极上,二极管负极接在发电机D+端子上,人为给一个激励信号;利用这种办法着车,测发电机电压果然能达到9—3V,加油时也正常,说明发电机是好的。  虽然发电机电压正常了,但4个故障灯仍然常亮不灭,利用奔驰专用电脑STAR2000专用诊断仪准备进入ABS系统,发现通信错误,根本无法进入。取下ABS电脑盒,按资料电路图,找到电脑端子的火线和地线,发现ABS电脑缺少一个常电源。从蓄电池上取一常电源接入后,ABS、ASR灯熄灭,诊断仪也能进入且无故障,但驻车制动及制动蹄片报警灯仍然亮。逐个进行检查,驻车制动制动开关正常,制动蹄片及制动油液位都正常,再次从ABS电脑端子常火入手查看电路图。此常火是从基本电脑内部输出供给,检查基本电脑上的4个10A熔丝,结果3号10A熔丝烧断,取一个10A熔丝插上后又被烧断。仔细检查,发现3号熔丝上被人接了一根线,顺线找到一个防盗报警喇叭。此喇叭是后加装的,取下此线,再接一个10A熔丝,没有再烧断,原来防盗喇叭负载电流过大,只要一工作就会烧断10A熔丝。  再测ABS电脑端子电源线,恢复正常,着车观察,驻车制动报警灯及制动蹄片报警灯也不亮了,一切正常。难道不发电也是此熔丝造成的吗?于是把发电机线恢复成原车线,测量发电机发电机电压8V正常,至此故障全部排除。  一个小小的熔丝竟然惹出这么大的麻烦,使维修走了不少弯路。基本电脑是给其他电脑模块及仪表供电的一个中转站,所有模块的电源供给都从基本电脑输出,所以基本电脑上的4个熔丝十分重要。在此提醒维修界人士,千万不要胡乱改动原车线路,给维修带来困难,此例故障就是因加装防盗器的那个修理工,没有找到常电源,(奔驰车蓄电池在行李舱)就从电脑处取一个电源,但此10A熔丝无法带动防盗器喇叭,故防盗器喇叭一工作就把10A熔丝烧了,所以提醒朋友们检修车辆一定要找到根源,才能根治故障。  4阳光车发动机自动熄火  故障现象  一辆东风日产阳光乘用车,在行驶3万km时到专营店进行正常维护,但两天后出现怠速转速较低,当车速达到100km/h—120km/h的条件下紧急制动时发动机会自然熄火,而且该现象出现的频率越来越高,每天达到五次以上,根据以上故障现象得出下列分析。  故障原因分析  利用CONSULT-Ⅱ故障检测仪进行故障检测,检测到“CMP SEN/ CIR-B1[P0340]”,即曲轴位置传感器及其故障线路故障。清除线路代码后,重新调取故障代码,该故障代码不再出现,但仍有紧急制动时熄火的现象。检查曲轴位置传感器(位于分电器内)及其线路,未见异常。利用替换法更换了分电器总成,故障未能排除。后经进一步检查发现,该车没有冷机提速功能,在发动机温度为37℃时,其怠速转速只有450r/min,但发动机运转平稳;当发动机达到正常工作温度后,在接通前照灯、空调等负荷的情况下行驶紧急制动,才会出现熄火现象,在熄火前发动机转速先将到400r/min以下,然后再慢慢熄火,不是立即熄火。熄火后发动机可立即起动。  根据以上故障特征,判断故障发生在发动机的燃油系统或进气系统上,因为如果点火系统出现了故障,导致发动机熄火,其熄火具有突然性,并且熄火后发动机不易重新起动。为找到故障的原因,又做了以下检测:1、测量燃油系统压力。在发动机熄火时,燃油系统的油压始终保持在250kpa,说明燃油系统正常;2、检测发动机的基本怠速状况。热机后拔掉节气门位置传感器(TPS)线束侧连接器,发动机怠速在788r/min左右,说明发动机基本怠速正常;3、利用检测仪测试发动机加速后迅速松开加速踏板时的转速特性曲线,发现该车发动机在怠速补偿方面不良,就重点检查怠速控制系统。利用检测仪读取乘用车的数据流,并与其正常值进行比较。通过比较发现,该车在37℃时发动机转速只有450r/min,但发动机ECU向怠速电动机却已经下达了转动54步的指令;而在正常情况下,怠速电动机只要转动15步,发动机转速就能达到513r/min。由此断定怠速电动机或其控制线路可能存在故障。利用检测仪对怠速电动机进行执行测试。正常情况下,热机后当怠速电动机达到100步时,发动机转速可达到2000r/min左右,但该车在改变怠速电动机转动的步数时,发动机转速没有改变。从而进一步确认怠速电动机或其控制线路存在故障。  更换怠速电动机,该故障无法排除。拔下怠速电动机线束侧连接器,接通点火开关,检查怠速电动机线束侧连接器的电源端子,其电压正常。(注意:必须用测试灯进行测量,这样可以排除电源线路接触不良或虚接电阻过大的现象,如果用万用表检测,容易忽视这方面的故障。)  经测量发现怠速电动机线束侧连接器上各端子与ECU线束侧连接器上相应端子的导通性良好,怠速电动机控制线路中没有塔铁现象;进一步检查发现,在ECU线束侧连接器上有一个端子脱出,将其重新装复到原位,用检测仪测试乘用车在加速后迅速松开加速踏板时特性曲线,发现该曲线恢复正常,对怠速电动机进行执行测试,也正常,路试过程中没有出现发动机自动熄火的现象。该故障排除。  5捷达王突然熄火故障原因  故障原因  行驶中突然慢慢熄火,再启动后发动机工作不稳,接着很快又熄火。  诊断与排除  发动机慢慢熄火与燃油系统有关,但经检查燃油系统工作正常。拔下中央高压线做跳火试验,发现火花很强,说明点火系统正常。再检查点火正时,发现分电器固定螺栓松动,上下活动分电器,分电器可上下窜动。将分电器固定好后,发动机能顺利启动。但发动机工作不稳定,加速时排气管放炮。从新出现的故障现象分析,该车可能是点火错乱。检查分电器盖、分火头,均无故障。检查正时皮带,松紧合适,不可能发生跳齿现象。这时想起分电器固定螺栓曾松动过,会不会发生分电器齿轮折断现象呢?由于分电器固定螺栓松动,造成分电器向上窜动,齿轮不规则折断,同时螺栓松动使分电器左右转动,造成发动机熄火。重新启动发动机时,由于分电器齿轮断齿,使点火正时错乱,发动机工作不稳,加速不良。这时,再怎么调分电器,也调不出正确的点火正时。折下分电器,结果发现分电器齿轮有不规则断齿现象。更换分电器后,故障排除。  6时代超人发动机自动熄火故障的诊断与排除  故障现象  一辆桑塔纳2000时代超人,发动后不能正常运行,运转几分钟后就自行熄火,并且熄火后短时间内无法再启动着车;停放十几分钟后又能正常启动了,但过几分钟后又自动熄火。故障如此反复,无法正常使用。  故障诊断与排除  接修此车后,首先试启动发动机,发动机启动成功,运转较为平稳;原地加速试验,感到发动机很闷,响应不够灵敏,加速性能较差;运转大约3min左右,发动机怠速出现不稳且抖动了几次就自行熄火了;立刻再次启动发动机,没有任何着车的迹象。  接上VAG1552诊断仪,读取发动机故障码,没有故障代码。随后又对汽油压力、高压线、火花塞进行了检查,未发现异常。检查配气正时的情况,也未发现问题。经过以上几项检查,时间大约已用了十几分钟,而后再次试启动发动机,发动机居然又能正常启动运转了。趁着发动机尚能运转的时机,立刻读取了该车的数据流,也未发现明显的异常。大约3min后,发动机再次自行熄火,仍旧是当时无法立即启动着车。这个故障确实很奇怪!各项检查和数据都显示该车没有任何能造成发动机不着车的问题,那么问题究竟出在哪里呢?仔细回想一下之前的一系列检查过程,再结合加速性能较差的现象,最后把问题的焦点集中在了排气系统上。笔者让一名员工启动发动机,自己到车尾观察消声器的排气情况,发现在启动过程中,消声器处竟然一丝的尾气也未排出,由此可以断定问题的确出在排气系统上。将车辆架起,断开排气管与三元催化器的接口,再启动发动机,发动机顺利着车,怠速运转较长时间,也未出现自行熄火的现象。拆下三元催化器检查,发现三元催化器的内芯已经被严重堵塞。由此断定,这个怪病的根源就在这个堵死的三元催化器上。更换新的三元催化器后,试车,运转平稳,加速有力,故障彻底排除。  当三元催化器完全堵死后,发动机运转时的废气无法正常排出;当排气侧的废气压力增大到和作功压力相近的时候,发动机就自动熄火;熄火后排气管内的压力无法马上消除,所以在熄火后立刻启动时,无法再次着车。当排气管内的废气通过三元催化器内芯上残存的微小缝隙逐渐缓慢的卸压后,又能再次启动着车,这就出现熄火后等待十几分钟又能启动的现象。通过这个故障让我们认识到,对于一个故障的诊断,要全方位地去分析和思考,不能只局限于依靠仪器诊断的数据来判断。  结论: 发动机是汽车的动力装置,其作用是将燃烧产生的热能转变为机械能来驱使汽车行驶的它是汽车的唯一动力输出源,发动机自动熄火的诊断分析是对汽车发动机维修的一种技术要求,由于发动机维修复杂、涉及面广,对我们的诊断与维修造成一定困难。因此对汽车维修人员需要更高的要求。但在我们许多的维修人员中,对发动机的理论知识、各系统的工作原理不够了解,在分析问题时考虑不全面,同时在自动熄火的诊断分析问题的过程中条理不清晰,不能对症下药,常带一种漫无目的碰运气的心理进行维修,往往花了大钱、更换了许多零件却仍不能解决问题。本文对发动机自动熄火诊断分析进行了全面的分析,优化了维修工艺的程序。更进一步提高了维修人员的维修技能。  参考文献:  [1] 李清明,汽车发动机故障分析详解,北京:机械工业出版社, 2007  [2] 李良洪,汽车维修工,北京:化学工业出版社,2004  [3] 陈文华,汽车发动机构造与维修 北京:人民交通出版社 2003  [4] 陆刚,汽车发动机的养护与维修实例 北京:电子工业出版社2006  [5]刘越琪,发动机电控技术,北京:机械工业出版社, 2002  参考资料:_html

相关百科
热门百科
首页
发表服务