英语论文的summary怎么写
第一步:阅读A认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。B给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。D简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步:动手写作A 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。B 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。C 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。D 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。E 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧:1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例:“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-”可以概括为:”He was very brave in ”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his ”可以概括为:“He was in financial ”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ”可以概括为:”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation ”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如:“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some She intended to read all of them during the winter ”可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the ”8) 使用最短的连接词。比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常,使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如:Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful„ like eating cardboard or sand„ just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was She didn’t want to quarrel with P She wanted to persuade She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart- It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any ”可以用第三人称概括为:Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of But Paul He said that food without salt would be 第三步:修改成文草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改。首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们。第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后,保持语言简单明了。
第一步:阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻 B.给摘要起一个标题用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想 C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了对重要部分的主要观点进行概括 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西 第二步:动手写作 A 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字 B 摘要应全部用自己的话完成不要引用原文的句子 C 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实 D 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意 E 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1) 删除细节只保留主要观点 2) 选择一至两个例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可 4) 避免重复在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明但是这在摘要中是不能使用的应该删除那些突出强调的重述句 5) 压缩长的句子如下例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in ” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如: “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some She intended to read all of them during the winter ” 可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the ” 8) 使用最短的连接词比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化。第三步:修改成文 草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误最后,保持语言简单明了 经过上述步骤和方法,一篇摘要就可以完成了拓展资料:summary / 'sʌməri / 既可以做名词,也可以做形容词。做形容词时的含义有总结性的,概括的,概述的简明的,扼要的即时的,即刻的做名词时的含义有总结,概略,摘要,一览[废语]结局;顶点参考资料:summary百度百科
1)划分结构并征服。 首先,略读这篇你将进行Summary的文章,并且将这篇文章分为几个小的部分。 根据小标题和副标题来划分。 并且看下生僻的标题,在读之前确保可以理解它们。2)阅读。 现在你已经准备好了,可以选择一个文章继续阅读。 需要从头到尾地浏览。浏览的时候,即使你遇到了不懂得地方也不需要停下来去查。浏览仅仅是为了了解作者的语气,风格和主要思想。3)重读。重读应是主动阅读。画出主题句和关键事实。把你想要引用到Summary里面的地方标记出来。 标记的地方应该避免以下一些细节,即使是很有趣,但是太具体的也是不行的。 找出那些你不了解的领域,试图在Summary中澄清这些点。4) 一部分一个句话。 你现在已经抓住了你将Summary的文章的要点。在1-3步骤中,你将文本分为了几个部分,并且在文章中标出了作者的中心思想和要点。 现在需要用一句完整的话总结每个部分的主要意思。 确保你的句子是关键点而不是无用的小细节。5) 写一个thesis statement。 这是写一篇好的Summary的关键。检查你在步骤4写的句子。 通过你写的句子,你应该可以创建一个能够清楚地表明你这篇文章想要实现什么意图的thesis statement。 如果你发现做不了这一步,那么你应该回顾前面,确保你写的句子是否集中在关键点。
怎么写SUMMARY摘要(summary)是一种对原始文献(或文章)的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不加主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式,它能使学生通过阅读原文,吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处,写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文另外,对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助,有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到,事无巨细,一一罗列的不良倾向这种写作既要准确理解原文,又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力,又能训练书面表达能力因此,用英文写摘要,对学习英语写作的学生来说,不失为一种切合实际的方法下面谈谈怎么写好英文摘要1)细读原文首先要仔细阅读全篇作品,然后对作品进行整体分析,掌握原文总的意思和结构,明确全文的主题(the maintheme)和各段的段落大意(the main idea)2)弄清要求搞清楚是写全文概要,还是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点3)列出原文要点分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分4)草拟写作提纲并写出初稿将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲,以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿在写作时要特别注意下面几点:(1)摘要应包括原文中的主要事实(main facts);略去不必要的细节(unnecessary details)(2)安排好篇幅的比例摘要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容(3)注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接要用适当的转折词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子(4)尽可能用自己的话来写,但不排斥用原文的某些词句(5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求 如何写一篇文章的摘要?– 下文是对《英语写作手册》相关章节的翻译摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题写摘要主要包括三个步骤:(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文 第一步:阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻 B.给摘要起一个标题用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想 C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了对重要部分的主要观点进行概括 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西 第二步:动手写作 A 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字 B 摘要应全部用自己的话完成不要引用原文的句子 C 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实 D 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意 E 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1) 删除细节只保留主要观点 2) 选择一至两个例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可 4) 避免重复在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明但是这在摘要中是不能使用的应该删除那些突出强调的重述句 5) 压缩长的句子如下列两例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in ” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his ” 可以概括为:“He was in financial ” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句请看下面的例子: “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ” 可以概括为:”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation ” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如: “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some She intended to read all of them during the winter ” 可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the ” 8) 使用最短的连接词比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词通常,使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果 9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如: Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was She didn’t want to quarrel with P She wanted to persuade She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart- It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any ” 可以用第三人称概括为: Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of But Paul He said that food without salt would be 第三步:修改成文 草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误最后,保持语言简单明了 经过上述步骤和方法,一篇摘要就可以完成了
如何写英语论文summary
一般来说,报刊的开头一段会告诉你这文章在讲什么,然后你把这一段讲的东西用自己的话变换着说说就比较了。如果首段没给文章主要内容,就要自己去每段概括,然后总结,一般来说要有who,when,where,ho,why,当然不是说所有要素都要包括,要根据文章的侧重而有所变换
摘要是一个简短、语义连贯的文本,浓缩了原始文档的基本内容。其目的是在不作主观评价和解释的情况下,迅速把握原文的主旨。摘要写作是一种受控的写作形式,它使学生利用原文的结构和语言的力量,写出内容相同、结构相似、语言简洁的短文。此外,它有助于培养学生掌握文章要点的能力,有助于他们在应用文写作中避免全面、详细、逐条列举的不良倾向。这种写作不仅要准确理解原文,而且要综合原文。因此,用英语写摘要是学生学习英语写作的一种实用方法。
第一步:阅读A认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。B给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。D简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步:动手写作A 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。B 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。C 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。D 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。E 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧:1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例:“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-”可以概括为:”He was very brave in ”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his ”可以概括为:“He was in financial ”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ”可以概括为:”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation ”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如:“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some She intended to read all of them during the winter ”可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the ”8) 使用最短的连接词。比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常,使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如:Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful„ like eating cardboard or sand„ just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was She didn’t want to quarrel with P She wanted to persuade She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart- It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any ”可以用第三人称概括为:Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of But Paul He said that food without salt would be 第三步:修改成文草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改。首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们。第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后,保持语言简单明了。
怎么写SUMMARY摘要(summary)是一种对原始文献(或文章)的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不加主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式,它能使学生通过阅读原文,吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处,写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文另外,对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助,有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到,事无巨细,一一罗列的不良倾向这种写作既要准确理解原文,又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力,又能训练书面表达能力因此,用英文写摘要,对学习英语写作的学生来说,不失为一种切合实际的方法下面谈谈怎么写好英文摘要1)细读原文首先要仔细阅读全篇作品,然后对作品进行整体分析,掌握原文总的意思和结构,明确全文的主题(the maintheme)和各段的段落大意(the main idea)2)弄清要求搞清楚是写全文概要,还是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点3)列出原文要点分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分4)草拟写作提纲并写出初稿将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲,以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿在写作时要特别注意下面几点:(1)摘要应包括原文中的主要事实(main facts);略去不必要的细节(unnecessary details)(2)安排好篇幅的比例摘要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容(3)注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接要用适当的转折词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子(4)尽可能用自己的话来写,但不排斥用原文的某些词句(5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求 如何写一篇文章的摘要?– 下文是对《英语写作手册》相关章节的翻译摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题写摘要主要包括三个步骤:(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文 第一步:阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻 B.给摘要起一个标题用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想 C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了对重要部分的主要观点进行概括 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西 第二步:动手写作 A 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字 B 摘要应全部用自己的话完成不要引用原文的句子 C 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实 D 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意 E 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1) 删除细节只保留主要观点 2) 选择一至两个例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可 4) 避免重复在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明但是这在摘要中是不能使用的应该删除那些突出强调的重述句 5) 压缩长的句子如下列两例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in ” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his ” 可以概括为:“He was in financial ” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句请看下面的例子: “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ” 可以概括为:”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation ” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如: “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some She intended to read all of them during the winter ” 可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the ” 8) 使用最短的连接词比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词通常,使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果 9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如: Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was She didn’t want to quarrel with P She wanted to persuade She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart- It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any ” 可以用第三人称概括为: Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of But Paul He said that food without salt would be 第三步:修改成文 草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误最后,保持语言简单明了 经过上述步骤和方法,一篇摘要就可以完成了
怎么写英文论文的summary
分段吧。我们教授叫我们写summary的时候,释然我们分段写的。先重复一下,或者paraphrase一下你的thesis 然后,分点写每一个supporting idea最后再总结!
摘要(summary)是一种对原始文献(或文章)的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不加主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式,它能使学生通过阅读原文,吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处,写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。另外,对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助,有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到,事无巨细,一一罗列的不良倾向。这种写作既要准确理解原文,又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力,又能训练书面表达能力。因此,用英文写摘要,对学习英语写作的学生来说,不失为一种切合实际的方法。下面谈谈如何写好英文摘要。1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读全篇作品,然后对作品进行整体分析,掌握原文总的意思和结构,明确全文的主题(the maintheme)和各段的段落大意(the main idea)。2)弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文概要,还是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点。3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。4)草拟写作提纲并写出初稿。将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲,以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿。在写作时要特别注意下面几点:(1)摘要应包括原文中的主要事实(main facts);略去不必要的细节(unnecessary details)。(2)安排好篇幅的比例。摘要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。(3)注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用适当的转折词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。(4)尽可能用自己的话来写,但不排斥用原文的某些词句。(5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求MY TEACHERMy former teacher, who had taught me English for six years, is a woman in her I describe her as a "woman" at her age because in my mind's eye, she never loses her attraction in fashions, light cosmetics, and particularly, her skills scarves whether it is in summer or I still remember the first day when I met her in junior high school, she showed me around the new campus and my nervousness melted gradually in her unassuming manner, something resembling my grandma's, and something more beyond the average older person'She was born in Hong Kong and after her Westernized education, she became a Owing to this special profession, she could come to China freely, there in Beijing, she met a young engineer who later on won her heart and married Then she stayed, serving as a faculty member in Beijing Foreign language I Maybe she was destined to enjoy mo tranquility, for everything changed almost in a day's Because of the unprecedented culture revolution, she and her husband, they two intellectuals were sent to a small town - though it becomes my hometown - and it was they who, dedicated themselves to the so-called city She swept the streets, plants trees, and did all kinds of labor but return to As to that period of time, she just sighed a simple reply "the past has passed, I have not, and will still not regret my decision to " But more and less, her wrinkled serious face revealed her untold stories and Teacher that she is, she's well-known for drawing cartoon Dull texts were changed into impressive clues and knowledge that most interested Often it was up to us to stand on the rostrum, expressing whatever we had to say in E She would rather be an audience sitting among us, and of course, a stern critic as She set up her own image to teach us knowledge, and also, a sense of During one winter vacation, she volunteered to assist us in preparing the provincial English I clearly remember a day just before the New Year's Eve, when she appeared a little bit late like a snowman in the classroom, the whole noisy class fell into It was snowing hard outside, yet the inside warmth encouraged us to work even Ever year groups of students said good-bye to her on their way to Luckily I was one of her last students as now she has got It seemed to be arranged that we went to see her during every How I wish to listen to her again, sharing her fresh ideas about the national affairs, about the campus, about each of her Christmas Days in Hong K She's still young and talkative, as IN the days in her teaching Bad news came that her husband died of cancer this summer before I went How could she endure such misfortune? How could she kill her loneliness? I wondered on the upstairs to visit her when I heard that piece of familiar piano The tone sounded so elegant that it reminded me of the player at once - it must be my dear teacher!Now she's living alone as her two daughters live "You see the walls of original novels? I bought them at your age but not until now could I have enough time to And my favorite piano, the birthday present sent by my husband, will keep me " With these words about her leisure, she sat down by the piano I was deeply engrossed in her playing, through which I knew her further, a devoted teacher WHO seeks neither fame nor gain, and a splendid character who has undergone a lifetime of ups and House, it’s very important for us, because we must study, live ,and sleep in it My dream house is very different from the usual I would like to introduce it to you if you are interested in The shape of my dream house like a strawberry; the roof if green, and walls are Let’s enter my dream house and look around: it consists of a living-room, a study-room, a bedroom, and a The wall of the bedroom is covered with mink, so that I can sleep with a sweet dream and feel more There are a lot of things in my house ----such as computers,televisions, telephones, tables, beds, and so Of course, the cost of my dream house is very big, How can make my dream come true? We will realize it only by our hard My favorite aimals are I thank they are very cute and I have a big his name is BoB He is 2 years He sleeps during the but at night he gets up and eats He is very beautiful and a little He likes to play with his Isn`t he cute? I have a lovely It name's NIt's a young It's only one years When I do my homework in my bedroom,it usually plays on my It likes playing with We go to the park every When I am ling on the grass , it will sit near It can help me do many things It can make me smile All my friends are love my dog very much!What a lovely dog! I love my dog! It loves me too! My Happy Family There're five members in my fmaily —— my parents , my grandparents , my sister and me My mother is a She teaches Chinese in our She likes My fater is a teacher,He teaches art in the GuangMing pirmary He likes My grandmother is a She likes reading My grandfather is a He likes play I am BI'm in Shi Yan pirmary I'm in Class 2 Gread I like singing and My sister is DShe likes singing and dancing, Look!I have a happy big Isn't it? Man’s life is a process of growing up, actually I’m standing here is a If a person’s life must constituted by various choices, then I grow up along with these Once I hope I can study in a college in future, however that’s passed, as you know I come here, now I wonder what the future holds for When I come to this school, I told to myself: this my near future, all starts Following I will learn to become a man, a integrated man, who has a fine body, can take on important task, has independent thought, an open mind, intensive thought, has the ability to judge right and wrong, has a perfect Once my teacher said :” you are not sewing, you are stylist; never forget which you should lay out to people is your thought, not ” I will put my personality with my interest and ability into my study, during these process I will combine learning with If I can achieve this “future”, I think that I really grow And I deeply believe kindred, good-fellowship and love will perfection and happy in the How to say future? Maybe it’s a nice Lets make up our minds, stick to it and surely well enjoy our
1)划分结构并征服。 首先,略读这篇你将进行Summary的文章,并且将这篇文章分为几个小的部分。 根据小标题和副标题来划分。 并且看下生僻的标题,在读之前确保可以理解它们。2)阅读。 现在你已经准备好了,可以选择一个文章继续阅读。 需要从头到尾地浏览。浏览的时候,即使你遇到了不懂得地方也不需要停下来去查。浏览仅仅是为了了解作者的语气,风格和主要思想。3)重读。重读应是主动阅读。画出主题句和关键事实。把你想要引用到Summary里面的地方标记出来。 标记的地方应该避免以下一些细节,即使是很有趣,但是太具体的也是不行的。 找出那些你不了解的领域,试图在Summary中澄清这些点。4) 一部分一个句话。 你现在已经抓住了你将Summary的文章的要点。在1-3步骤中,你将文本分为了几个部分,并且在文章中标出了作者的中心思想和要点。 现在需要用一句完整的话总结每个部分的主要意思。 确保你的句子是关键点而不是无用的小细节。5) 写一个thesis statement。 这是写一篇好的Summary的关键。检查你在步骤4写的句子。 通过你写的句子,你应该可以创建一个能够清楚地表明你这篇文章想要实现什么意图的thesis statement。 如果你发现做不了这一步,那么你应该回顾前面,确保你写的句子是否集中在关键点。
我觉得吧,大概可以按照这么个步骤来写:第一步:文献阅读A.针对论文选题和研究方向进行文献检索,针对整理后的有效资料进行认真阅读,尤其是和论文内容相关的部分,要重复理解。阅读次数直接关系到你对文献的理解程度。B.必要时可以在正式写作summary前制定一个标题,有利于尽快确认文章的中心思想或整体写作思路。标题可以是简短的句子或者词组,对论文主题进行概括,或者直接引用文章中的主题句。C.确认题目后就可以对参考资料进行筛选整理,按照相关性对资料进行主次区分,对于文献中的重要部分进行提取概括。D.文献检索过程中需要对有效资料进行简单记录汇总,尤其是参考文献的主要观点对summary能起到概括作用的重要内容。第二步:着手写作A 一般而言summary的字数占全文的20%-30%,所以在确认具体字数以前要了解论文的字数要求。要留意summary的实际字数绝对不能超过这个比例。B summary的内容应该是作者在进行文献阅读后再通过自己的话进行写作,而不是直接引用参考资料中的句子。C 在summary写作逻辑上应该符合论文的逻辑顺序,内容需要围绕论文整体的研究问题,不能出现论文研究问题以外的新问题的提出。D 要体现summary在文章中的作用,就是全面清晰地体现论文所呈现出来的相关信息,以便读者在开始论文全文或者相关参考文献的阅读之前就能完全理解作者想表达的观点。E 在正式写作summary时可以参考以下相关技巧:1) 摒弃细节问题。只保留论文主要观点。2) 涉及到实证或案例相关内容需要进行精简,只保留一至两个具有代表的性问题进行陈述。3) 尽量使用简短的具体进行描述,对于参考资料中的相关解释过于复杂和冗长的可以进行精炼。控制在两句话之内说明即可。4) 避免重复句出现,这种情况在论文或参考资料中会经常出现,主要是为了强调某个观点或主题,但是在summary中是不可以使用的。第三步:整理修改和调整论文完成初稿候要对它进行修改和调整。首先要确保summary内容中提到的观点是否与全文相一致,并且对参考资料中所提及的相关重要内容都概括了。其次,summary中如出现了过多无意义的内容,包括词语短语等,要删除或者用其他更精炼的内容进行替换。保证语言简短,第三,也就是最基本的要求,要对summary文字内容的拼写和语法,包括标点符号的进行检查。通过以上步骤和方法,一篇summary也就此完成了。 summary写作是在英国留学生论文中是很常见的形式,主要是通过阅读参考文献,吸收相关资料在写作结构与语言方面的特征,结合作者论文的相关研究问题和观点,形成的一篇内容和结构相一致,并且语言简洁的短文。另外,英国大学教育除了专业知识的传授外,还会对学生的综合学历能力进行培养,这其中就包括阅读和整理参考文献,对研究问题的重点掌握的能力。学生根据某研究问题,通过大量的参考资料进行阅读和总结概括有利于提高学生的学习研究能力的。
经济类英语论文summary
我觉得吧,大概可以按照这么个步骤来写:第一步:文献阅读A.针对论文选题和研究方向进行文献检索,针对整理后的有效资料进行认真阅读,尤其是和论文内容相关的部分,要重复理解。阅读次数直接关系到你对文献的理解程度。B.必要时可以在正式写作summary前制定一个标题,有利于尽快确认文章的中心思想或整体写作思路。标题可以是简短的句子或者词组,对论文主题进行概括,或者直接引用文章中的主题句。C.确认题目后就可以对参考资料进行筛选整理,按照相关性对资料进行主次区分,对于文献中的重要部分进行提取概括。D.文献检索过程中需要对有效资料进行简单记录汇总,尤其是参考文献的主要观点对summary能起到概括作用的重要内容。第二步:着手写作A 一般而言summary的字数占全文的20%-30%,所以在确认具体字数以前要了解论文的字数要求。要留意summary的实际字数绝对不能超过这个比例。B summary的内容应该是作者在进行文献阅读后再通过自己的话进行写作,而不是直接引用参考资料中的句子。C 在summary写作逻辑上应该符合论文的逻辑顺序,内容需要围绕论文整体的研究问题,不能出现论文研究问题以外的新问题的提出。D 要体现summary在文章中的作用,就是全面清晰地体现论文所呈现出来的相关信息,以便读者在开始论文全文或者相关参考文献的阅读之前就能完全理解作者想表达的观点。E 在正式写作summary时可以参考以下相关技巧:1) 摒弃细节问题。只保留论文主要观点。2) 涉及到实证或案例相关内容需要进行精简,只保留一至两个具有代表的性问题进行陈述。3) 尽量使用简短的具体进行描述,对于参考资料中的相关解释过于复杂和冗长的可以进行精炼。控制在两句话之内说明即可。4) 避免重复句出现,这种情况在论文或参考资料中会经常出现,主要是为了强调某个观点或主题,但是在summary中是不可以使用的。第三步:整理修改和调整论文完成初稿候要对它进行修改和调整。首先要确保summary内容中提到的观点是否与全文相一致,并且对参考资料中所提及的相关重要内容都概括了。其次,summary中如出现了过多无意义的内容,包括词语短语等,要删除或者用其他更精炼的内容进行替换。保证语言简短,第三,也就是最基本的要求,要对summary文字内容的拼写和语法,包括标点符号的进行检查。通过以上步骤和方法,一篇summary也就此完成了。 summary写作是在英国留学生论文中是很常见的形式,主要是通过阅读参考文献,吸收相关资料在写作结构与语言方面的特征,结合作者论文的相关研究问题和观点,形成的一篇内容和结构相一致,并且语言简洁的短文。另外,英国大学教育除了专业知识的传授外,还会对学生的综合学历能力进行培养,这其中就包括阅读和整理参考文献,对研究问题的重点掌握的能力。学生根据某研究问题,通过大量的参考资料进行阅读和总结概括有利于提高学生的学习研究能力的。
怎么写SUMMARY摘要(summary)是一种对原始文献(或文章)的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不加主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式,它能使学生通过阅读原文,吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处,写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文另外,对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助,有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到,事无巨细,一一罗列的不良倾向这种写作既要准确理解原文,又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力,又能训练书面表达能力因此,用英文写摘要,对学习英语写作的学生来说,不失为一种切合实际的方法下面谈谈怎么写好英文摘要1)细读原文首先要仔细阅读全篇作品,然后对作品进行整体分析,掌握原文总的意思和结构,明确全文的主题(the maintheme)和各段的段落大意(the main idea)2)弄清要求搞清楚是写全文概要,还是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点3)列出原文要点分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分4)草拟写作提纲并写出初稿将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲,以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿在写作时要特别注意下面几点:(1)摘要应包括原文中的主要事实(main facts);略去不必要的细节(unnecessary details)(2)安排好篇幅的比例摘要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容(3)注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接要用适当的转折词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子(4)尽可能用自己的话来写,但不排斥用原文的某些词句(5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求 如何写一篇文章的摘要?– 下文是对《英语写作手册》相关章节的翻译摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题写摘要主要包括三个步骤:(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文 第一步:阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻 B.给摘要起一个标题用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想 C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了对重要部分的主要观点进行概括 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西 第二步:动手写作 A 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字 B 摘要应全部用自己的话完成不要引用原文的句子 C 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实 D 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意 E 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1) 删除细节只保留主要观点 2) 选择一至两个例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可 4) 避免重复在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明但是这在摘要中是不能使用的应该删除那些突出强调的重述句 5) 压缩长的句子如下列两例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in ” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his ” 可以概括为:“He was in financial ” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句请看下面的例子: “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ” 可以概括为:”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation ” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如: “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some She intended to read all of them during the winter ” 可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the ” 8) 使用最短的连接词比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词通常,使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果 9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如: Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was She didn’t want to quarrel with P She wanted to persuade She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart- It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any ” 可以用第三人称概括为: Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of But Paul He said that food without salt would be 第三步:修改成文 草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误最后,保持语言简单明了 经过上述步骤和方法,一篇摘要就可以完成了
第一步:阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻 B.给摘要起一个标题用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想 C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了对重要部分的主要观点进行概括 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西 第二步:动手写作 A 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字 B 摘要应全部用自己的话完成不要引用原文的句子 C 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实 D 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意 E 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1) 删除细节只保留主要观点 2) 选择一至两个例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可 4) 避免重复在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明但是这在摘要中是不能使用的应该删除那些突出强调的重述句 5) 压缩长的句子如下例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in ” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如: “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some She intended to read all of them during the winter ” 可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the ” 8) 使用最短的连接词比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化。第三步:修改成文 草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误最后,保持语言简单明了 经过上述步骤和方法,一篇摘要就可以完成了拓展资料:summary / 'sʌməri / 既可以做名词,也可以做形容词。做形容词时的含义有总结性的,概括的,概述的简明的,扼要的即时的,即刻的做名词时的含义有总结,概略,摘要,一览[废语]结局;顶点参考资料:summary百度百科
一般来说,报刊的开头一段会告诉你这文章在讲什么,然后你把这一段讲的东西用自己的话变换着说说就比较了。如果首段没给文章主要内容,就要自己去每段概括,然后总结,一般来说要有who,when,where,ho,why,当然不是说所有要素都要包括,要根据文章的侧重而有所变换
英语学术论文阅读Summary
分段吧。我们教授叫我们写summary的时候,释然我们分段写的。先重复一下,或者paraphrase一下你的thesis 然后,分点写每一个supporting idea最后再总结!
摘要(summary)是一种对原始文献(或文章)的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不加主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式,它能使学生通过阅读原文,吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处,写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。另外,对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助,有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到,事无巨细,一一罗列的不良倾向。这种写作既要准确理解原文,又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力,又能训练书面表达能力。因此,用英文写摘要,对学习英语写作的学生来说,不失为一种切合实际的方法。下面谈谈如何写好英文摘要。1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读全篇作品,然后对作品进行整体分析,掌握原文总的意思和结构,明确全文的主题(the maintheme)和各段的段落大意(the main idea)。2)弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文概要,还是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点。3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。4)草拟写作提纲并写出初稿。将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲,以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿。在写作时要特别注意下面几点:(1)摘要应包括原文中的主要事实(main facts);略去不必要的细节(unnecessary details)。(2)安排好篇幅的比例。摘要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。(3)注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用适当的转折词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。(4)尽可能用自己的话来写,但不排斥用原文的某些词句。(5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求MY TEACHERMy former teacher, who had taught me English for six years, is a woman in her I describe her as a "woman" at her age because in my mind's eye, she never loses her attraction in fashions, light cosmetics, and particularly, her skills scarves whether it is in summer or I still remember the first day when I met her in junior high school, she showed me around the new campus and my nervousness melted gradually in her unassuming manner, something resembling my grandma's, and something more beyond the average older person'She was born in Hong Kong and after her Westernized education, she became a Owing to this special profession, she could come to China freely, there in Beijing, she met a young engineer who later on won her heart and married Then she stayed, serving as a faculty member in Beijing Foreign language I Maybe she was destined to enjoy mo tranquility, for everything changed almost in a day's Because of the unprecedented culture revolution, she and her husband, they two intellectuals were sent to a small town - though it becomes my hometown - and it was they who, dedicated themselves to the so-called city She swept the streets, plants trees, and did all kinds of labor but return to As to that period of time, she just sighed a simple reply "the past has passed, I have not, and will still not regret my decision to " But more and less, her wrinkled serious face revealed her untold stories and Teacher that she is, she's well-known for drawing cartoon Dull texts were changed into impressive clues and knowledge that most interested Often it was up to us to stand on the rostrum, expressing whatever we had to say in E She would rather be an audience sitting among us, and of course, a stern critic as She set up her own image to teach us knowledge, and also, a sense of During one winter vacation, she volunteered to assist us in preparing the provincial English I clearly remember a day just before the New Year's Eve, when she appeared a little bit late like a snowman in the classroom, the whole noisy class fell into It was snowing hard outside, yet the inside warmth encouraged us to work even Ever year groups of students said good-bye to her on their way to Luckily I was one of her last students as now she has got It seemed to be arranged that we went to see her during every How I wish to listen to her again, sharing her fresh ideas about the national affairs, about the campus, about each of her Christmas Days in Hong K She's still young and talkative, as IN the days in her teaching Bad news came that her husband died of cancer this summer before I went How could she endure such misfortune? How could she kill her loneliness? I wondered on the upstairs to visit her when I heard that piece of familiar piano The tone sounded so elegant that it reminded me of the player at once - it must be my dear teacher!Now she's living alone as her two daughters live "You see the walls of original novels? I bought them at your age but not until now could I have enough time to And my favorite piano, the birthday present sent by my husband, will keep me " With these words about her leisure, she sat down by the piano I was deeply engrossed in her playing, through which I knew her further, a devoted teacher WHO seeks neither fame nor gain, and a splendid character who has undergone a lifetime of ups and House, it’s very important for us, because we must study, live ,and sleep in it My dream house is very different from the usual I would like to introduce it to you if you are interested in The shape of my dream house like a strawberry; the roof if green, and walls are Let’s enter my dream house and look around: it consists of a living-room, a study-room, a bedroom, and a The wall of the bedroom is covered with mink, so that I can sleep with a sweet dream and feel more There are a lot of things in my house ----such as computers,televisions, telephones, tables, beds, and so Of course, the cost of my dream house is very big, How can make my dream come true? We will realize it only by our hard My favorite aimals are I thank they are very cute and I have a big his name is BoB He is 2 years He sleeps during the but at night he gets up and eats He is very beautiful and a little He likes to play with his Isn`t he cute? I have a lovely It name's NIt's a young It's only one years When I do my homework in my bedroom,it usually plays on my It likes playing with We go to the park every When I am ling on the grass , it will sit near It can help me do many things It can make me smile All my friends are love my dog very much!What a lovely dog! I love my dog! It loves me too! My Happy Family There're five members in my fmaily —— my parents , my grandparents , my sister and me My mother is a She teaches Chinese in our She likes My fater is a teacher,He teaches art in the GuangMing pirmary He likes My grandmother is a She likes reading My grandfather is a He likes play I am BI'm in Shi Yan pirmary I'm in Class 2 Gread I like singing and My sister is DShe likes singing and dancing, Look!I have a happy big Isn't it? Man’s life is a process of growing up, actually I’m standing here is a If a person’s life must constituted by various choices, then I grow up along with these Once I hope I can study in a college in future, however that’s passed, as you know I come here, now I wonder what the future holds for When I come to this school, I told to myself: this my near future, all starts Following I will learn to become a man, a integrated man, who has a fine body, can take on important task, has independent thought, an open mind, intensive thought, has the ability to judge right and wrong, has a perfect Once my teacher said :” you are not sewing, you are stylist; never forget which you should lay out to people is your thought, not ” I will put my personality with my interest and ability into my study, during these process I will combine learning with If I can achieve this “future”, I think that I really grow And I deeply believe kindred, good-fellowship and love will perfection and happy in the How to say future? Maybe it’s a nice Lets make up our minds, stick to it and surely well enjoy our
第一步:阅读A认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。B给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。D简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步:动手写作A摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。B摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。C应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。D摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。E写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧:1)删除细节。只保留主要观点。2)选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3)把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4)避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5)压缩长的句子。如下列两例:“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-”可以概括为:”H”“H”可以概括为:“H”6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:“BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang,Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthesemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,”可以概括为:”BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople,aretodayaccessibletomany,thankstobetterwages,paidholidays,”7)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如:“ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNS”可以概括为:”S”8)使用最短的连接词。比如,可以使用but,then,thus,yet,though,不能使用atthesametime,inthefirstplace,becauseofthese,ontheotherhand等较长的连接词。通常,使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9)文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如:KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly:Youusemuchtoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul—it’snotgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned:”Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn’thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful„likeeatingcardboardorsand„justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit,orpotatoesorpastacookedwithoutsalt!”KShedidn’twanttoquarrelwithPSShesaidfirmly:”BItcausehighbloodpressureandlatteron,heart-Italsodisguisesthetasteoffood,therealtasteswhicharemuchmoresubtlethansalt,”可以用第三人称概括为:KatesuggestedtoPShethoughtthateatingtoomuchsaltwoulddohardtoPaul’ButPH第三步:修改成文草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改。首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们。第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后,保持语言简单明了。