2000字的英语论文题目怎么写

The characteristics of the world top 500 enterprises and its enlightenment to Chinese enterprisesA，the definition of us-funded enterprises in the worldWorld us-funded enterprises that adopt diversified business，implement the strategy of globalization，assets，strong，has a large and strong，the core competitiveness of enterprises has significant influence on the development of world economy and stability of the world's leading multinational Second，the world a us-funded enterprise features1) ability to innovateEverything in the world has a production，development and decline of life Enterprise as economic actors also undergoes a start-up period，rising period，height，decay time and ruin the life Enterprise is the key of the length of the life cycle after a start-up period，how to accelerate the rise period，prolong their heyday，the arrival of the postponed its decline Product life cycle relative to the enterprise life cycle is short，the enterprise must develop more innovative products of market value，one or several products meet after rising and heyday，when its not yet enter the decline phase，the other one or several products have reached the So interlocking，bobo is connected，the enterprise will be

英语论文，我会提前帮你准备

学术堂整理了十五个好写的英语论文题目，供大家进行参考：试论简奥斯汀生活对其小说的影响 (On the Impact of Jane Austen’s Life on Her Novels) “真实的诺言”与传统文化的碰撞——简析“真人秀”的实质和本地化过程 (When True Lies Challenge Tradition—An Analysis of the Reality and Localization of Reality TV) 从台湾问题看中美关系 (The Sino-US Relation—The Taiwan Issue)《傲慢与偏见》的生命力 (The Great Vitality of Pride and Prejudice) 平凡中的不平凡——《傲慢与偏见》(Significance in Commonplace—Pride and Prejudice) 萨皮尔沃夫理论 (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis) 论格里高尔的悲剧 (An Analysis of Gregor’s Tragedy) 对大学生心理健康问题予更多关注 (More Attention to the Psychological Health of College Students) 文体学: 语言学习的科学 (Stylistics: A Scientific Approach) 佛教在西方 (Buddhism in the West) 非语言交际 (Nonverbal Communication) 国际反恐 (International Anti-Terrorism) 全球资金市场近期特征与走向 (The Character and Tendency of Global Capital Market in Recent Decades) 从《老人与海》中桑堤亚哥的性格可知——人是打不败的 (A Man Cannot Be Defeated—From the Character of Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea) 南方的失落 (The Loss of the South)

2000字的英语论文怎么写

英语论文，我会提前帮你准备

语言的一个重要特性是交际性，当交流频繁甚至“地球村”也将走进我们的生活时，毫无障碍的便利的交流就显得越来越重要。尽管古人云“读万卷书，行万里路”，但那毕竟是少数思维活跃、经济宽绰的仕宦的事；现在可不一样了，一个普通的市民坐上几个小时的飞机就可以到桂林度假，一位文化不是很高的手艺人可以常年在上海、北京打工等等，但所有这些，没有普通话这张通行证可就行不通了。我们常听到因为语言隔阂闹笑话的事，那可是轻者造成误会，重者耽误大事。几千年来，语言文字面对的是人际交流，计算机的出现，使语言文字的服务对象从人际交际拓展到人机交流。现在，中文信息处理技术已是高科技的重点之一，语言文字的规范化、标准化的应用是研究水平的中文信息处理技术的先决条件，决定着中文信息处理技术发展的速度，它是关系到我们国家能否走上“信息高速公路”的问题。因此，推普还在推动我国整个高新技术发展，增强国力方面扮演着一个重要角色。教育的全部目的就是生成全面发展的人，培养新世纪的合格公民。内含着丰富儒家文化的汉语言、优美动听的普通话对形成一个人的健康人格、精神底蕴和审美的生活方式有着不可低估的影响。生命全程心理语言学的研究表明：人的发展性言语状况是人的生理发展、心理发展和健康发展的“晴雨表”，言语行为的健康与否明显反映在心理上，并涉及到人的生理健康和人类的社会健康。我们应把推普和人的健康与发展结合起来，培养善于交流、精神强健的中国人。上个世纪末英国文化委员会出版过一本叫做《英语的未来?》的学术性著作，通过实证考察和数据分析，并采取未来学的推断模式，预测世界语言格局将会重组，汉语将在21世纪名列世界语言六强，并在调整后的语言世界中发挥更大的作用。我们当然不会为一位英国人的预测而沾沾自喜，但理智告诉我们：中国综合国力的日益强盛、汉语言的独特优势、儒家文化的蓬勃生命力，必将使汉语不断兴盛。我们有理由相信，推普工作将更加自觉，更加富有成效。

有问题百度一下。都是这样。

2000字的英语论文怎么写的

FOODThe Comparison and Research about Chinese and Western Food C IntroductionFood， as essential prerequisite for existence， is any substance that provides the nutrients necessary to maintain life and growth when ingested (Pamela & Kathryn， 1998:2) It plays an irreplaceable role in the development of society and in the progress of human beings，

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外国语学院英语论文格式规范(附样例) A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中，除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”）外国语学院 2001级英语教育1030120011XX XXX 指导老师：XXX（学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中）【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of ……（英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。）【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。） Introduction (顶格，除了第一个单词及专有名词外，其他单词首字母都不要大写；标题最后不用任何标点符号，上空两行) In both English and Chinese， … So， this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning， customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang， 1993:44; Li Guangling， 1999) (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符；夹注的标注法：出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系；注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号，时间、页码等的标注法；另外，汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现，不能出现汉语姓氏；夹注出现在标点符号之前) The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English， … And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以（1），（2）…为序号排列，直至最后一个例子；而①， ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)… The differences between English idioms and Chinese 1 The characteristics of English idioms（正文章节序号编制：章的编号：，，，…；节的编号：1，2…，1，2…；小节的编号为：1， 2…。小节以下层次，采用希腊数字加括号为序，如（i），（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号，如(a)， (b)，…;每章题目左顶格，小四号字，加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格，小四号字，不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行，最后不加任何标点符号） … In conclusion， …2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms … Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose …1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms …(i) … …(ii) … … Conclusion …Bibliography (References) （小四号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号）Sanved， The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C] New York: OUP，常亮，“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》，1993，4：44。冯树健，“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》，1998，6：11。李光陵，“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》，2000，30：30。（论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序：尾注：按照编号顺序。夹注：英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献，各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序，不用单独加序号或编号；每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符；5倍行距；另外，与文中的夹注一一对应；不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容）(以下内容单独一页)汉英习语的对比研究（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中）【摘要】汉英的习语问题是个既简单有复杂……　　……　　……（中文摘要：上空二行；题目采用黑体五号字，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，缩进2个汉字字符，方括号中的“摘要”两个字之间空一格；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号，采用楷体五号字，不加粗，单倍行距；第二行起要顶格；字数约400字，约8-10行；）【关键词】习语；对比；英语；汉语（中文关键词：题目采用黑体五号字，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，缩进2个汉字字符；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号，采用楷体五号字，不加粗，单倍行距；各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后不空格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距）一、基本格式：论文只能打印在每页纸的一面上，不得打印在正反面上。论文纸的大小尺寸为A4纸打印。侧面装订。二、题名页：论文题名页上打印格式基本相近，中、英文对照，中文题目页在第一页，英文题目页在第二页。一般由顶部往下三分之一页处打印论文题目，论文题目都用大写字母，下隔八行打印论文调查者姓名、所属电大，再下隔八行视实际情况打上提交日期XX年XX月XX日以及课程名称：论文项目设计上述各项内容都应打印在论文题名页的中间部位。三、摘要及关键词页摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页，中、英文对照，中文题目页在上，英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用宋体，小四号。关键字题目部分采用宋体三号，加粗，关键字短语部分采用宋体，小四号。英文题目摘要采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。四、致谢页学员可以自选致谢页，一般不要求写中文。英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，正文部分采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。五、目录页英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，小标题部分统一采用Times New Roman字体，字号为三号，加粗。注意在右方注明对应的页号，中间虚线连接。六、正文页论文的正文需隔行打印，正文采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。大标题为Times New Roman字体，字号为三号、加粗字。副标题为Times New Roman字体，字号为三号、加粗。七、尾注、参考文献页与附录页尾注、参考文献页与附录页（大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗）正文部分如尾注、参考文献目录与附录可不必隔行打印，字体为Times New Roman小四。

英语论文，我会提前帮你准备再看看别人怎么说的。

2000字的英语论文题目

中西方时间观念差异餐桌礼仪差异

----英语专业毕业论文题目1 商务英语的语言特色2 “商务行话”在商务交流中的运用3 商务谈判成功要素4 商务交流意义初探5 商务英语翻译技巧6 涉外商务的沟通技巧7 商标名称的翻译与策略8 商务英语信函的用语特征分析（An Analytical Term Features of English Business Correspondence ）9 商务英语谈判中的礼貌策略研究（On the Politeness Strategies in English Business Environment ）10 商务英语沟通中的文化因素（On Cultural Elements Integrated into Business English Teaching ）11 商务英语谈判的文化差异毕业论文参考网整理收集论文12 商务英语谈判中“赞同”与“否决”句型的巧用13 The Features of Business English 商务英语语言特点14 Etiquette in Business Activities 商务活动中商务礼仪15 The Cultural Comparison in Business Activities 商务活动中的中西方文化差异16 A Study on Problems in Business Letter Writing 商务信函写作问题研究17 Business Communication Skills in a Company 涉外公司商务沟通技巧18 商号（商标、公司）名称等的翻译19 广告英语及其翻译

Traditional Chinese medicineFrom Wikipedia， the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation， search This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality Please improve this article if you (November 2008) This article or section needs copy editing for grammar， style， cohesion， tone or You can assist by editing it A how-to guide is (November 2008) This article contains Chinese Without proper rendering support， you may see question marks， boxes， or other symbols instead of Chinese Alternative medical systems Acupuncture • Anthroposophic medicine • Ayurveda • Chiropractic • Herbalism • Homeopathy • Naturopathy • Neural therapy • Osteopathy • Traditional medicine (Chinese • Tibetan) NCCAM classifications Whole medical systems • Mind-body interventions • Biologically based therapies • Manipulative therapy • Energy therapies See also Alternative medicine • Glossary of alternative medicine • List of people in alternative medicine This box: view • talk • edit Traditional Chinese medicine/dried goods shop in Tsim Sha Tsui， Hong KongTraditional Chinese medicine (also known as TCM， simplified Chinese: 中医; traditional Chinese: 中医; pinyin: zhōngyī) includes a range of traditional medical practices originating in C It is considered a Complementary or Alternative Medical system in much of the western world while remaining as a form of primary care throughout most of ATCM practices include treatments such as herbal medicine， acupuncture， dietary therapy， Tui na and Shiatsu massage; often Qigong and Taiji are also strongly affiliated with TCMTCM theory is extremely complex and originated thousands of years ago through meticulous observation of nature， the cosmos， and the human Major theories include those of Yin-yang， the Five Phases， the human body Channel system， Zang Fu organ theory， six confirmations， four layers， Contents [hide]1 History 1 Ancient (classical) TCM history 2 Timeline 2 Theory 1 Basic theory and model of the body 2 Modern TCM theory 3 Diagnostics 1 Techniques 4 Methods of treatment 5 Branches 6 Scientific view 1 Efficacy 2 Safety 1 In Practice 2 Allergy 3 Toxins and contaminants 4 Lack of standardization 5 Vague naming 7 Relationship with Western medicine 8 Animal products 9 Opposition 10 Modernization 11 See also 12 Footnotes 13 References 14 Further reading 15 External links 1 Online databases [edit] History[edit] Ancient (classical) TCM history Yin-yang symbolMuch of the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine derived from the same philosophical bases that Taoist and Buddhist philosophies are based on， and reflects the classical Chinese belief that the life and activity of individual human beings have an intimate relationship with the environment at all [1] It has also been noted that early traditional Chinese medicine stemmed from Taoist masters who had an extraordinary sense of the body and its workings through their many hours of This may be why TCM also inherited many of the principles inherent to Daoism (Taoism)During the golden age of his reign from 2698 to 2596 BC， as a result of a dialogue with his minister Qibo (岐伯)， the Yellow Emperor is supposed by Chinese tradition to have composed his Neijing Suwen (《内经·素问》) or Inner Canon: Basic Questions， also known as the Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) The book's title is often mistranslated as Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal M Modern scholarly opinion holds that the extant text of this title was compiled by an anonymous scholar no earlier than the Han dynasty just over two-thousand years During the Han Dynasty (202 BC –220 AD)， Zhang Zhongjing (张仲景/张仲景)， the Hippocrates of China， who was mayor of Chang-sha toward the end of the 2nd century AD， wrote a Treatise on Cold Damage， which contains the earliest known reference to Neijing S Another prominent Eastern Han physician was Hua Tuo ( 140 – 208 AD)， who anesthetized patients during surgery with a formula of wine and powdered Hua's physical， surgical， and herbal treatments were also used to cure headaches， dizziness， internal worms， fevers， coughing， blocked throat， and even a diagnosis for one lady that she had a dead fetus within her that needed to be taken The Jin dynasty practitioner and advocate of acupuncture and moxibustion， Huang-fu Mi (215 - 282 AD)， also quoted the Yellow Emperor in his Jia Yi Jing (甲乙经/甲乙经)， 265 AD During the Tang dynasty， Wang Bing claimed to have located a copy of the originals of the Neijing Suwen， which he expanded and edited This work was revisited by an imperial commission during the 11th century ADThere were noted advances in Chinese medicine during the Middle A Emperor Gaozong ( 649–683) of the Tang Dynasty (618–907) commissioned the scholarly compilation of a materia medica in 657 that documented 833 medicinal substances taken from stones， minerals， metals， plants， herbs， animals， vegetables， fruits， and cereal [2] In his Bencao Tujing ('Illustrated Pharmacopoeia')， the scholar-official Su Song (1020–1101) not only systematically categorized herbs and minerals according to their pharmaceutical uses， but he also took an interest in [3][4][5][6] For example， Su made systematic descriptions of animal species and the environmental regions they could be found， such as the freshwater crab Eriocher sinensis found in the Huai River running through Anhui， in waterways near the capital city， as well as reservoirs and marshes of H[7]Contact with Western culture and medicine has not displaced TCM While there may be traditional factors involved in the persistent practice， two reasons are most obvious in the westward spread of TCM in recent Firstly， TCM practices are believed by many to be very effective， sometimes offering palliative efficacy where the practices of Western medicine fail or unable to provide treatment， especially for routine ailments such as flu and allergies， or when Western medicine fails to relieve patients suffering from chronic TCM has been shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic， functional disorders， such as migraines and osteoarthritis， and is traditionally used for a wide range of functional Secondly， TCM provides an alternative to otherwise costly procedures whom many can not afford， or which is not covered by There are also many who turn to TCM to avoid the toxic side effects of TCM of the last few centuries is seen by at least some sinologists as part of the evolution of a culture， from shamans blaming illnesses on evil spirits to "proto-scientific" systems of correspondence;[8] any reference to supernatural forces is usually the result of romantic translations or poor understanding and will not be found in the Taoist-inspired classics of acupuncture such as the Huang Di Nei J The system's development has， over its history， been analysed both skeptically and extensively， and the practice and development of it has waxed and waned over the centuries and cultures through which it has travelled[9] - yet the system has still survived thus It is true that the focus from the beginning has been on pragmatism， not necessarily understanding of the mechanisms of the actions - and that this has hindered its modern acceptance in the W This， despite that there were times such as the early 18th century when "acupuncture and moxa were a matter of course in polite European society"[10]The term "TCM" describes the modern practice of Chinese medicine as a result of sweeping reforms that took place after 1950 in the People's Republic of C The term "Classical Chinese medicine" (CCM) often refers to medical practices that rely on theories and methods dating from before the fall of the Qing Dynasty (1911) Advocates of CCM portray it as less influenced by Western and political agendas than TCM[edit] Timeline Macerated medicinal liquor with wolfberry， iguana， and ginseng， for sale at a traditional medicine market in Xi'The history of TCM can be summarized by a list of important doctors and Unknown， Huángdì nèijīng (黄帝内经/黄帝内经) (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) - Sùwèn (素问/素问) and Língshū (灵枢/灵枢) The earliest classic of TCM passed on to the Warring States Period (5th century BC to 221 BC): Silk manuscripts recording channels and collaterals， Zubi shiyi mai jiu jing (足臂十一脉灸经/足臂十一脉灸经) (Moxibustion Classic of the Eleven Channels of Legs and Arms)， and Yinyang shiyi mai jiu jing (阴阳十一脉灸经/阴阳十一脉灸经) (Moxibustion Classic on the Eleven Yin and Yang Channels) The latter was part of a cache of texts found in Mawangdui in the Han Dynasty (206 BC–AD 220) to Three Kingdoms Period (220 - 280 AD): Zhenjiu zhenzhong jing (针灸枕中经/针灸枕中经) (Classic of Moxibustion and Acupuncture Preserved in a Pillow) by Huà Tuó (华佗/华佗) Shanghan zabing lun (伤寒杂病论/伤寒杂病论)， which has since been split into two texts: the Shānghán lùn (伤寒论/伤寒论) ("Treatise on Cold Damage [Disorders]" - focusing on febrile conditions attributed to "Cold") and the Jingui yaolue (金匮要略) ("Essentials of the Golden Cabinet" - focusing on "miscellaneous illnesses") by Zhāng Zhòngjǐng (张仲景/张仲景) Jìn Dynasty (265-420): Zhēnjiǔ jiǎyǐ jīng (针灸甲乙经/针灸甲乙经) (Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) by Huángfǔ Mì (皇甫谧/皇甫谧) Tang Dynasty (618–907) Beiji qianjin yaofang (备急千金要方/备急千金要方) (Emergency Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold) and Qianjin yifang (千金翼方) (Supplement to the Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold) by Sūn Sīmiǎo (孙思邈/孙思邈) Waitai miyao (外台秘要/外台秘要) (Arcane Essentials from the Imperial Library) by Wang Tao (王焘/王焘) Song Dynasty (960 – 1279): Tóngrén shūxué zhēnjiǔ tújīng (铜人腧穴针灸图经/铜人腧穴针灸图经) (Illustrated Manual of the Practice of Acupuncture and Moxibustion at (the Transmission) (and other) Acu-points， for use with the Bronze Figure) by Wáng Wéiyī (王惟一) Yuan Dynasty (1271 to 1368): Shísì jīng fāhuī (十四经发挥/十四经发挥) (Exposition of the Fourteen Channels) by Huá Shòu (滑寿/滑寿) Ming Dynasty (1368 to 1644): golden age of acupuncture and Many famous doctors and To name only a few: Zhēnjiǔ dàquan (针灸大全/针灸大全) (A Complete Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) by Xu Feng (徐凤/徐凤) Zhēnjiǔ jùyīng fāhuī (针灸聚英发挥/针灸聚英发挥) (An Exemplary Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and their Essentials) by Gāo Wǔ (高武) Zhēnjiǔ dàchéng (针灸大成/针灸大成) (Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) by Yáng Jìzhōu (杨继洲/杨继洲)， completed in Běncǎo gāngmù (本草冈目/本草纲目) (Compendium of Materia Medica) by Lǐ Shízhēn (李时珍/李时珍)， the most complete and comprehensive pre-modern herbal book (completed in 1578) Wenyi lun (温疫论/温疫论)， by Wu Youxing 吴有性 (1642) Qing Dynasty (1644-1912): Yizong jinjian (医宗金鉴/医宗金鉴) (Golden Mirror of the Medical Tradition) compiled by Wu Quan (吴谦/吴谦) under imperial Zhenjiu fengyuan (针灸逢源/针灸逢源) (The Source of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) by Li Xuechuan (李学川/李学川) Wenre lun (温热论/温热论)， by Ye Tianshi (叶天士/业天士) Wenbing tiaobian (温病条辨/温病条辨) (Systematized Identification of Warm-factor disorders) compiled by Wu Jutong (吴鞠通) in [11] [edit] Theory This article or section cites its sources but does not provide page You can improve this article or section by introducing citations that are more Dried plants and animals parts are used in traditional Chinese In the image are dried lingzhi， snake， turtle plastron， Lou han fruit， and species of The foundation principles of Chinese medicine are not necessarily uniform， and are based on several schools of Received TCM can be shown to be influenced by Taoism， Buddhism， and Neo-C[12]Since 1200 BC， Chinese academics of various schools have focused on the observable natural laws of the universe and their implications for the practical characterisation of humanity's place in the In the I Ching and other Chinese literary and philosophical classics， Chinese writers described general principles and their applications to health and Porkert， a Western medical doctor， placed Chinese medical theory in context as:Chinese medicine， like many other Chinese sciences， defines data on the basis of the inductive and synthetic mode of Inductivity corresponds to a logical link between two effective positions existing at the same time in different places in (Conversely， causality is the logical link between two effective positions given at different times at the same place in ) In other words， effects based on positions that are separate in space yet simultaneous in time are mutually inductive and thus are called inductive In Western science prior to the development of electrodynamics and nuclear physics (which are founded essentially on inductivity)， the inductive nexus was limited to subordinate uses in protosciences such as Now Western man， as a consequence of two thousand years of intellectual tradition， persists in the habit of making causal connections first and inductive links， if at all， only as an This habit must still be considered the biggest obstacle to an adequate appreciation of Chinese science in general and Chinese medicine in Given such different cognitive bases， many of the apparent similarities between traditional Chinese and European science which attract the attention of positivists turn out to be [13][edit] Basic theory and model of the body An old Chinese medical chart on acupuncture meridians Interactions of Five Chinese Elements - Cycles of Balance and Cycles of ImbalanceMain article: TCM model of the body The following text needs to be harmonized with text in TCM model of the Traditional Chinese medicine is largely based on the philosophical concept that the human body is a small universe with a set of complete and sophisticated interconnected systems， and that those systems usually work in balance to maintain the healthy function of the human The balance of yin and yang is considered with respect to qi ("breath"， "life force"， or "spiritual energy")， blood， jing ("kidney essence"， including "semen")， other bodily fluids， the five elements， emotions， and the soul or spirit (shen) TCM has a unique model of the body， notably concerned with the meridian Unlike the Western anatomical model which divides the physical body into parts， the Chinese model is more concerned with Thus， the TCM spleen is not a specific piece of flesh， but an aspect of function related to transformation and transportation within the body， and of the mental functions of thinking and There are significant regional and philosophical differences between practitioners and schools which in turn can lead to differences in practice and Theories invoked to describe the human body in TCM include:Channels， also known as "meridians" Five elements Qi Three jiaos also known as the Triple Burner， the Triple Warmer or the Triple Energiser Yin and Yang Zang Fu theory The Yin/Yang and five element theories may be applied to a variety of systems other than the human body， whereas Zang Fu theory， meridian theory and three-jiao (Triple warmer) theories are more There are also separate models that apply to specific pathological influences， such as the Four stages theory of the progression of warm diseases， the Six levels theory of the penetration of cold diseases， and the Eight principles system of disease [edit] Modern TCM theoryThis section needs more detail， citations， better links， or all Also : How widespread is the belief that TCM and fractals are somehow interconnected? Someone must have come up with the idea， who was it?Third philosophy: Fractal (similar) view[14] Qi is the `information - energy - material' mix unity flow [15]， Qi sets， qi element， sub-Qi Mathematics physics Yin or Yang TCM fractal sets[16] Fractal Yin Yang sets: Df= Fractal Five elements sets: Df=4650， Yin Yang Five elements sets Df=[17] Fractal Zang Xiang theory:[18] the heart series， the liver series， the spleen series， the lung series， the kidney Fractal Channel ( Meridian (Chinese medicine) Jingluo)，CHANNELS AND MESH-NETWORK，NO VESSEL TCM channel is fractal， complex， pluralistic， rough， not smooth， non-tube dissection [19] [edit] Diagnostics

2000字的英语论文怎么写好

请先采纳我为的最佳答案，否则我是不会发给你的。。别怪我，我也是受害者，每次给别人提供帮助后都不采纳我，还故意挑毛病找理由，我做这些事情也是要时间要费脑子的，花时间弄出来什么也得不到，换要挨骂。。我弄这些东西不就是为了这几分吗。做事讲的就是诚信，你信我你就采纳然后我发到你邮箱，不信我也没办法。反正我是不会当好人了。。

2000字应该好写，按固模式写就行了。英语论文格式及写作规范语言和内容是评判一篇英语论文质量高低的重要依据；但是，写作格式规范与否亦是一个不可忽略的衡量标准。因此，规范英语论文的格式，使之与国际学术惯例接轨，对我们从事英语教学，英语论文写作，促进国际学术交流都具有重要意义。由于英语论文写作规范随学科不同而各有所异，本文拟就人文类学科英语论文的主要组成部分，概述美国教育界、学术界通行的人文类英语论文写作规范，以供读者参考、仿效。一、英语论文的标题一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页，其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一，与下行(通常为by，居中)的距离则为5cm，第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写，则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:D/PCPrager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时，如无特殊要求，每一行均需double space，即隔行打印，行距约为6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。就学生而言，如果英语论文篇幅较短，亦可不做标题页(及提纲页)，而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名，与打印纸顶端距离约为5cm，以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期；各行左边上下对齐，并留出5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印，不必留出更多空白)。二、英语论文提纲英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身，其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号，空一格后再打论题句，回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是，同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上，即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ，有A应有B，以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长，需两页纸，则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码，即ii(第一页无需标页码)。三、英语论文正文有标题页和提纲页的英语论文，其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中，其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm，距正文第一行约5cm。段首字母须缩进五格，即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数)，自第二页起，必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行，在其后部)打上论文作者的姓，空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式，即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格，其他标点符号后则空一格。四、英语论文的文中引述正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一，即其逻辑性，又要注意引述格式（即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。引述别人的观点，可以直接引用，也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式，论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况，将部分规范格式分述如下。若引文不足三行，则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9) 这里，圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成9)；作者姓与页码之间需空一格，但不需任何标点符号；句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。被引述的文字如果超过三行，则应将引文与论文文字分开，如下例所示:Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor， and his “Democratic Vistas” is an admirable and characteristic And if one is sorry that in it Whitman is unable to conceive the extreme crises of society， one is certain that no society would be tolerable whoses citizens could not find refreshment in its buoyant democratic (Chase 165) 这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格，即应从第十一格打起；二是引文不需加引号，末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。如需在引文中插注，对某些词语加以解释，则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:DBeaman points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9)值得注意的是，本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中，故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除，则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点，如出现在引文末，则用四个点，最后一点表示句号，置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来，应避免在引文开头使用省略号)；点与字母之间，或点与点之间都需空一格。如:Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and with undisguised scorn and (Nitchie 43)若引文出自一部多卷书，除注明作者姓和页码外，还需注明卷号。如:Professor Chen Jia's A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen，1:i)圆括弧里的1为卷号，小写罗马数字i为页码，说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外，书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线；规范的格式是:书名，包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线，或用斜体字；其他作品，如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出，如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品，除注明引文作者及页码外，还要注明作品名。如:Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington， Philosophy 35)Farrington points out that Aristotle's father Nicomachus， a physician， probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15)这两个例子分别引用了Farrington的两部著作，故在各自的圆括弧中分别注出所引用的书名，以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长，在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使用缩写形式)，其全名分别为 Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及 The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。评析诗歌常需引用原诗句，其引用格式如下例所示。When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface，“The surging waves， great tracts of water， / were all ”(1620-21)这里，被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开，斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格；圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写；21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行，仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。五、英语论文的文献目录论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况，即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited，其格式须注意下列几点:目录页应与正文分开，另页打印，置于正文之后。目录页应视为英语论文的一页，按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多，不止一页，则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数)，其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为5cm，与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为6cm，不必留出更多空白。各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列，但不要给各条目编码，也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印，回行时均需缩进五格，以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。现将部分较为特殊的条目分列如下，并略加说明，供读者参考。Two or More Books by the Same Author Brooks， C Fundamentals of Good Writing: A Handbook of Modern R NewYork: Harcourt， ---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway， Faulkner， Yeats，Eliot， and W New Haven: Yale UP，引用同一作者的多部著作，只需在第一条目中注明该作者姓名，余下各条目则以三条连字符及一句点代替该作者姓名；各条目须按书名的第一个词(冠词除外)的字母顺序排列。An Author with an EditorShake speare， W The Tragedy of M E Louis B W New York: Washington Square，本条目将作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面，而将编者姓名(不颠倒)放在后面，表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth；如果引文出自编者写的序言、导言等，则需将编者姓名置前，如:Blackmur， Richard PI The Art of the Novel:Critical P By Henry J New York: Scribner's，vii-如果引言与著作为同一人所写，则其格式如下例所示(By后只需注明作者姓即可):Emery， D P English F By E London: Macmillan， v-A Multivolume WorkBrowne， T The Works of Sir Thomas B E Geoffrey K 4 London: Faber， Browne， T The Works of Sir Thomas B E Geoffrey K V London: Faber， 4 第一条目表明该著作共4卷，而论文作者使用了各卷内容；第二条目则表明论文作者只使用了第2卷中的内容。A Selection from an AnthologyAbram， M H“English Romanticism: The Spirit of the A” Romanticism R E Northrop F New York: Columbia UP，63-被引用的英语论文名须用引号标出，并注意将英语论文名后的句点置于引号内。条目末尾必须注明该文在选集中的起止页码。Articles in Journals， Magazines， and NewspapersOtto， Mary L“Child Abuse: Group Treatment for P” Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-报刊杂志名需划线，但其后不需任何标点符号。62为卷号或期号，如既有卷号，又有期号，则要将二者以句号分开。如:(3)；1984为出版年份，应置于圆括弧中。Arnold， M“Willa Cather's Nostalgia: A Study in A”Research Studies M1981:23-24，月刊或双月刊须同时注明出版年月；23-24，28表示该文的前一部分刊于第23和24两页，后一部分则转至第28页。Gorney， C“When the Gorilla S”Washington Post 31 July，1985:B引用日报上的英语论文必须同时注明报纸出版的年、月、日。B1为该文在报纸中的版面及页码。参考文献（略）（摘自《外语与外语教学》1999年第8期，原文：“英语论文写作规范”作者刘新民）

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