文学论文3000字范文大全高中英语

In 2002 will be implemented in three 10 X college entrance examination College entrance examination system in the reform of English teaching The key lies in establishing the class-based teaching system (1) listening and Against the status quo of poor listening and speaking ability of students to open every Monday of English listening and speaking Use the latest teaching listening "to the future"， "traveled the United States，" "expect English，" and other tapes， video tapes and newspapers， using advanced listening equipment in the classroom teaching through listening， speaking， dialogue， performances， lectures and other lively， interesting students heard about the form of training to improve the communication skills of students， training students in the level of oral expression， reversing the pre-existing "dumb-style" English teaching status (2) the addition of extensive reading classes， the establishment of Foreign Language Reading R Although the new textbooks to read the current increased， but far from what is In order to expand the scope of the students exposure to English， optional printing a variety of genres， subjects suitable for students to read the According to the requirements of content and reading test， teachers will be articles to classify each article in the post-coupled with an appropriate amount of reading comprehension In order to broaden the teaching of English extension， so that extensive reading in English from the curricular and extra-curricular extension to the establishment of foreign language reading acquisition have been published in a variety of domestic suitable for high school students to read English books， will be in English Extensive Reading from the classroom extended to Yuelan Shi to further stimulate students interest in reading and Subscribe for students in English newspapers and magazines， the establishment of English specialty health system， at any time to give them an open reading rooms and study Teaching through extensive reading， students can not only consolidate the textbooks and the basics， but also can improve the self-learning ability to develop intelligence， reading to be (3) The creation of writing Poor writing skills for students in English and Chinese-style English sentences in the written expression of uncommon situation， the school can fully use my existing computer software， according to the new textbooks written request， step by step training on the students "English written expression and training"， will be Practical， descriptive text， description text and carry out the purpose of discussion， sub-level guidance Writing Course opened for the entrance examination is not merely to prepare for the written expression， but also enable students to learn a variety of English style of writing methods and techniques to meet the future requirements of the community of foreign language (4) The implementation of the different levels of English teaching， the successful introduction of English classes and increase Students according to their actual English proficiency， the free selection of the successful lessons to enhance our School teachers to take a The basis of less successful lessons where students can make up for deficiencies in knowledge and a good grasp of double-base implementation， to develop their own non-intellectual factors， promote the improvement of performance and enjoy the joy of The basis of good students can participate in improving the high level of English classes comprehensive training to promote their own standard of English to the "high， precision and advanced the" development and outline the task ahead of schedule to prepare for the 2002年全国将实施3十X高考制度。高考制度在改革，英语教学改革势在必行。关键在于建立各课型教学体系（1）听说课。针对学生听说能力差的现状，开设每周一节次的英语听说课。选用最新听力教材“走向未来”，“走遍美国”，“希望英语”等录音带，录像带及报纸，利用先进的听音设备，在课堂教学中通过听，说，对话，表演，演讲等各种生动，有趣的形式对学生进行听说训练，提高学生的交际能力，训练学生的口语表达水平，扭转以前存在的“哑巴式”英语教学的现状。（2）增设泛读课，建立外文阅览室。现行新教材尽管阅读量增加，但远远不能满足需要。为了扩大学生对英语的接触范围，可选印各种体裁，题材适于学生阅读的文章。根据内容和阅读测试的要求，教师将文章进行分类，在每篇文章后配以适量的阅读理解题。为了拓宽英语课堂教学的外延，使英语泛读由课内延伸到课外，建立外文阅览室，购置国内现已出版发行的各种适合中学生阅读的英语读物，将英语泛读由教室扩展到阅览室，进一步激发学生的阅读兴趣和主动性。为学生订阅英文报刊和杂志，建立英语特长生制度，随时给他们开放阅览室和自修室。通过泛读课教学，学生不仅能巩固课本中出现的基础知识，而且能提高自学能力，开发智力，从阅读中得到乐趣。（3）开设写作课。针对学生英文写作能力差，中国式英语句子在书面表达屡见不鲜的状况，可充分利用我校现有的电脑软件，根据新教材写作要求，循序渐进地对学生进行写作训练。 “英语书面表达与训练”，将应用文，描写文，说明文和论述进行有目的，分层次的指导训练。开设写作课不仅仅是单纯为高考的书面表达做准备，也是让学生学会各种英语文体的写作方法与技巧，适应未来社会对外语人才的要求。（4）实施英语分层次教学，开设英语成功课与提高课。学生可以根据自己的实际英语水平，自由挑选上成功课还是提高课。教师采取挂牌上课。基础较差的学生可以在成功课里弥补知识的缺陷，抓好双基落实，开发自己的非智力因素，促进成绩的提高，享受成功的喜悦。基础较好的学生可以参加提高班的较高水平的英语综合训练，促使自己的英语水平向“高，精，尖”发展，提前完成大纲任务并为竞赛作好准备。

【摘要】兴趣是最好的老师。对学生来说，兴趣能推动他们去探究事物研究问题，充分发挥学习的主动性，克服各种困难，取得最佳的效果。中学英语教学的关键就是要使学生有兴趣，兴趣的培养就是教师能用各种各样生动活泼的教学法吸引学生的兴趣，调动他们的学习积极性、主动性，激发他们的求知欲，最终提高英语学习效率。【关键词】中学生；英语教学；学习兴趣 How to cultivate the students’ English learning interest in high schools Luo Jian-jun 【Abstract】Interest is the best To the students， interest can promote them to explore things and research into It can also develop the students’ initiative of learning adequately， help them overcome all Therefore， the students would achieve the best The key to ELT in high schools is to foster and train the students’ English learning In order to arouse their learning initiative and stimulate their motivation， the teacher must use a variety of vivid and lively teaching methods to attract students’ attention to E Finally， the students will improve their English learning 【Key words】High school students；English Language Teaching；Learning interest 俄国文学家托尔斯泰说：“成功的教学所需的不是强制，而是激发学生的学习兴趣。”在学习过程中，许多学生不愿学英语，只是为了考试而学习，毫无兴趣可言，这使英语教学面临很大的阻力。目前，中学英语教学改革取得了巨大的成绩，但应试教育的现象还是比较严重，教学中以教师讲授为主，忽视了启发学生积极思维和培养学生运用语言的能力，结果呈现低效教学。那么，在英语教学中，怎样才能调动学生的学习兴趣，使每一个学生都能从英语课中充分感受到学习的乐趣呢? 本文将尝试探讨激发中学生学习英语的兴趣的看法。 1．注重学生对学习英语的重要性的认识英语已成为国际性的语言，这已是不争的事实。在我国，英语作为国际语言的作用日益显现。一方面，在教学中，我们要让学生理解国家把英语学科作为三大主科之一的原因，明确英语的主要性和学好英语的必要性。21世纪是一个社会生活信息化与经济体系全球化的新时代。英语在社会生活和国际交往中成为不可或缺的重要工具。从某种意义上说，掌握了英语实际就意味着把握了参与和发展的机会；另一方面，瑞典心理学家皮亚杰说：“我们之所以对一个对象发生兴趣，是由于它能满足我们的需要。”作为教师要让学生觉得学好英语，对自己以后的择业，事业生活等方面都大有益处。只有思想认识深刻，才能让学生对英语产生很大的求知欲，从而对英语感兴趣。 2．帮助学生树立正确的学习观，培养学生的自信心 2．1 教师应该从一开始就重视培养学生正确的学习心态，树立正确的学习观。这一环节，可以从分析国际国内形势着手，也可以从个人前途切题，培养学生“首先为自己而学”的心态；回报父母和国家的心态；谦虚的心态；成功的心态；“每天进步百分之一”的积累的心态，激发学生“做学习的主人翁”意识，使他们产生“我能学好英语”的信心，从而坚定他们学好英语的信念和克服困难的意志，使他们在学习过程中能够排除万难，奋勇拼搏。 2．2 多表扬赞美。对每个学生来说均很重要，要特别注重给学生成功感，因为“成功越大，兴趣越大，动力越大”。尤其对后进生更应如此，凡是他们有一点进步，即使他们的成功只不过写对了一个句子，教师均以不失时机地表扬，以鼓励他们学英语的信心。调查发现：当学生在某一方面获得了一次成功后，也会像完成了一个重大使命一样感到高兴，继而对英语产生亲切之感，此时必反馈出巨大的内驱力，驱使他们向着第二次、第三次……的成功迈进，从而形成稳定而持续的兴趣。总之，教师在英语教学过程中要重视学生自信心的培养，对于学生的成绩、优点以及思维中的合理因素要尽力给予肯定和赞赏。 3．建立新型的师生关系，培养学习兴趣在英语教学中，轻松、愉快、和谐的课堂氛围能使学生以愉快的心情去接受新知识。现代教学研究证明，建立融洽的师生关系是顺利开展教学的必要条件，是调动学生学习兴趣的重要前提。为此，教师要努力做到以下两点。首先，教师要努力营造良好的课堂生态氛围。教学是师生双方感情和思想交流的过程，即情感互动。要较好地实现情感互动，需要教师创设宽松的课堂气氛，融洽的师生关系，所谓“亲其师而信其道”。大量事实表明：如果学生对某个老师喜欢，他们便对这位老师的课感兴趣并分外重视，兴趣就随之提高，成绩也就大有进步。如果师生不能产生情感互动，学生容易产生逆反心理，甚至放弃学习，这样的例子是屡见不鲜的。英语作为一门外来语言，学生在学习时肯定会遇到困难。因此，作为教师，在教学中应以鼓励为主，全力肯定学生的努力，激励他们的创造欲，增强他们的成就感。以不同的标准评价不同层次的学生，如：“Very good! You are so clever! You are excellent!”等，让学生感受到教师对他们的关爱，让他们体会到成功的喜悦，树立参与英语课堂活动的信心。如此一来，便激活了全班每一位学生，轻松愉快的课堂气氛也就建立起来了。其次，教师要主动建立情感沟通的正常渠道。中学生正处于心理发展的过度期，他们学习时不但选择学习内容，而且选择师生感情。针对这一心理特点，教师应关心学生的生活，多参加学生的集体活动。比如，教师要经常深入到学生中去，了解他们的兴趣、爱好和情绪变化，为他们解答学习和生活中一切难题，有的放矢地帮助学生。使学生认识到老师的一切努力都是为使他们更快更好掌握英语这门未来实际不可缺少的语言艺术。思想上的共识，必然强化师生之间的相互兴趣与信任，创造良好的师生关系和积极主动的双向配合教学关系相互促进的良性循环局面。 4．利用多媒体现代化设备进行教学录音机是常用的电化设备。21世纪的今天，作为视听媒体与电脑组合的多媒体教学相对于传统教学而言，它具有图文并茂、有声有色的特色，生动逼真的教学环境，使得枯燥乏味的学习变得趣味横生，使复杂抽象的知识变得形象易懂。它改变了以教师讲授为主的单一模式，既突出了学生的中心作用，又强化了教师的主导作用，在教学中用途比较广泛。这样做能有效吸引学生的注意力，提高学生参与课堂的积极性。同时，也可以节约时间，增加学生的实践量，扩大学生的视野，有力促进语言知识的巩固，提高课堂效率，增强学生的兴趣。 5．尽量使用英语来组织课堂教学，激发学生的学习兴趣英语教学的目的是培养学生运用英语的能力。这种能力只有在大量接触英语，并沉浸到使用当中去，才能较快地培养起来。目前，课堂仍是我国学生接触外语的主要场所。平时我们坚持用英语组织教学，从最简单的日常用语开始，并伴以适当的体态动作、表情等以加深理解。如：Good morning，everyone! What day is it today? What’s the weather like today? Are you ready? Read after 学习语言最好在一定的语境和气氛下进行，在课堂上用规范、简洁、流利的口语组织教学，可以烘托课堂气氛。同时，尽量多组织合作、交流性语言训练活动，以此来训练学生分析、概括和表达语言信息的能力，从而激发兴趣，激活思维，提高语言感悟和输出的能力。 6．注重中西文化的渗透，以差异求兴趣由于不同的民族所处物质、社会及宗教等环境不同，因而产生和发展了根深蒂固的具有民族特色的文化。教师在适当的时候要有意识地把西方国家的社会文化、风土人情、风俗习惯等知识渗透到课堂教学中来，这样既培养了学生的跨文化交际的意识和能力，又满足了学生的好奇心理与求知欲望。事实上，许多学生正是由于对外国文化背景缺乏了解，从而体会不到英文故事的幽默感。讲英语的国家一些习俗与文化往往跟我们的差异很大，所以当老师在授课过程中，注重中国文化和英语国家文化的比较，学生心理往往充满了乐趣，并带着喜悦的心情接受了新的东西，兴趣也就是在这样的氛围中应运而生。教学实践证明，教师要培养学生的积极的自我观念，合理地选择教学策略和方法，给学生创设一定的语言环境，在教学中让学生在多样化的活动语境中学习语言。学生每节课都能在融洽、轻松的气氛中获取知识，感到学习英语是一种乐趣，同时也能提高教学效率。

Language and ThoughtLanguage and Thoughtby Dan Slobin of the University of California， BerkeleyNo one would disagree with the claim that language and thought interact in many significant There is great disagreement， however， about the proposition that each specific language has its own influence on the thought and action of its On the one hand， anyone who has learned more than one language is struck by the many ways in which languages differ from one But on the other hand， we expect human beings everywhere to have similar ways of experiencing the Comparisons of different languages can lead one to pay attention to 'universals'--the ways in which all languages are similar， and to 'particulars' --the ways in which each individual language， or type of language， is special， even Linguists and other social scientists interested in universals have formulated theories to describe and explain human language and human language behavior in general terms as species-specific capacities of human However， the idea that different languages may influence thinking in different ways has been present in many cultures and has given rise to many philosophical Because it is so difficult to pin down effects of a particular language on a particular thought pattern， this issue remains It comes in and out of fashion and often evokes considerable energy in efforts to support or refute Relativity and Determinism There are two problems to confront in this arena: linguistic relativity and linguistic Relativity is easy to In order to speak any language， you have to pay attention to the meanings that are grammatically marked in that For example， in English it is necessary to mark the verb to indicate the time of occurrence of an event you are speaking about: It's raining; It rained; and so In Turkish， however， it is impossible to simply say， 'It rained last night' This language， like many American Indian languages， has more than one past tense， depending on one's source of knowledge of the In Turkish， there are two past tenses--one to report direct experience and the other to report events that you know about only by inference or Thus， if you were out in the rain last night， you will say， 'It rained last night' using the past-tense form that indicates that you were a witness to the rain; but if you wake up in the morning and see the wet street and garden， you are obliged to use the other past-tense form--the one that indicates that you were not a witness to the rain Differences of this sort have fascinated linguists and anthropologists for They have reported hundreds of facts about 'exotic' languages， such as verbs that are marked or chosen according to the shape of an object that is being handled (Navajo) or for the relative ages of speaker and hearer (Korean) Such facts are grist for the mill of linguistic And， indeed， they can be found quite readily in 'nonexotic' languages as To cite a fact about English that is well known to linguists: It is not appropriate to say Richard Nixon has worked in Washington， but it is perfectly OK to say Gerald Ford has worked in W Why? English restricts the present perfect tense ('has worked') to assertions about people who are Exotic! Proponents of linguistic determinism argue that such differences between languages influence the ways people think--perhaps the ways in which whole cultures are Among the strongest statements of this position are those by Benjamin Lee Whorf and his teacher， Edward Sapir， in the first half of this century--hence the label， 'The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis'， for the theory of linguistic relativity and Whorf proposed: 'We cut nature up， organize it into concepts， and ascribe significances as we do， largely because we are parties to an agreement to organize it in this way--an agreement that holds throughout our speech community and is codified in the patterns of our language' (Whorf， 1940; in Carroll， 1956， 213-4) And， in the words of Sapir: 'Human are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built up on the language habits of the group' (Sapir， 1929; in Manlbaum， 1958， 162) Investigating Language and Thought How can such bold claims be substantiated beyond examination of individual languages themselves? If one takes the hypothesis seriously， it should be possible to show that Turks are more sensitive to evidence than are Americans， but that Americans are more aware of death than T Clearly， the hypothesis cannot be supported on so grand a Rather， experimental psychologists and cognitive anthropologists have sought to find small differences， on controlled tasks， between speakers of various Maybe Navajos are somewhat more sensitive to shapes of objects， for The results have been In most cases， human thought and action are overdetermined by an array of causes， so the structure of language may not play a central causal Linguistic determinism can best be demonstrated in situations in which language is the principal means of drawing people's attention to a particular aspect of For example， if you regularly speak a language in which you must pick a form of second-person address (you) that marks your social relationship to your interlocutor--such as Spanish tu ('you' for friends and family and for those socially subordinate) usted ('you' for those socially above in status or for those with whom you have no close connection) or French tu versus vous--you must categorize every person you talk to in terms of the relevant social (As a thought experiment of linguistic determinism， think of the categorizations of social relationships that would have to be made if Spanish became the common language of the United S) Going beyond thought experiments， some of the most convincing research demonstrating some degree of linguistic determinism is being conducted under the direction of Stephen C Levinson at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen， The N Levinson and his collaborators distinguish between languages that describe spatial relations in terms of the body (like English 'right/left'， 'front/back') and those that orient to fixed points in the environment (like 'north/south/east/west' in some aboriginal Australian languages) In a language of the second type one would refer， for example， to 'your north shoulder' or 'the bottle at the west end of the table'; in narrating a past event， one would have to remember how the actions related to the compass Thus， in order to speak this type of language， you always have to know where you are with respect to the compass points， whether you are speaking or And Levinson's group have shown， in extensive cross-linguistic and cross-cultur studies， that this is， in fact， the Much more research needs to be done， but it is not likely that the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis will be supported in the strong form quoted For one， language is only one factor that influences cognition and For another， if the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis were really true， second language learning and translation would be far harder than they However， because language is so pervasive--and because we must always make cognitive decisions while speaking--weaker versions of the hypothesis will continue to attract scientific (For a lively debate on many of these issues， with much new evidence from several fields， read Gumperz and Levinson ) Suggested Readings Gumperz， J J， and Levinson， S C Rethinking linguistic Cambridge， UK: Cambridge University P Lucy， John A Language diversity and thought: A reformulation of the linguistic relativity Cambridge， UK: Cambridge University P Sapir， E "The status of linguistics as a science" Language 207- Reprinted in The selected writings of Edward Sapir in language， culture， and personality， by D G Mandelbaum， 160- Berkeley: University of California P Whorf， B L "Science and linguistics" Technology Review 42: 227-31， 247- Reprinted in Language， thought， and reality: Selected writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf， by J B Carroll， 207- Cambridge， MA: The Technology Press of MIT/New York: W

文学论文3000字范文高中英语

Published in 1847， WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public， many of whom condemned it as sordid， vulgar， and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a It was not until 1850， when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte， that it attracted a wide And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English Even so， WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide It is not a pretty love story; rather， it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark It is cruel， violent， dark and brooding， and many people find it extremely And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design， a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel The novel is told in the form of an extended After a visit to his strange landlord， a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans， a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering H It was once a cheerful place， but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named H And Catherine， daughter of the house， found in him the perfect companion: wild， rude， and as proud and cruel as But although Catherine loves him， even recognizes him as her soulmate， she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social She instead marries another， and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off- But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way， setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature， a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable， both vicious and cruel， and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the As the novel coils further into alcoholism， seduction， and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff， driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave， hearing her calling to him from the moors， escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade， so that she may never leave his mind until death Yes， this is madness， insanity， and there is no peace this side of the grave or even Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is This kind of situation often leads to separation or Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy， desire for revenge， uncaring parents， Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive Three of these are uncaring parents， marriage without knowing the person， and Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from M Earnshaw， Hindley became disassociated from his This separation continued until after M Earnshaw had Another example is between Hindley and H Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young H This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son LHeathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his Linton even says " my father threatened me， and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about HThe hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each This had happened between Isabella and H Isabella did not really know Heathcliff when she married him， but after she had married him she saw that Heathcliff was not a gentleman at To declare her feelings she wrote "Is Heathcliff a man? If so， is he mad? And if not， is he a devil? I shan't tell my reasons for making this inquiry; but I beseech you to explain， if you can， what I have married "(125) Another example of this is when Catherine married Edgar L Although she had been happy at the beginning of the marriage， she thought having parties all the time was going to be Yet， after a while， she became She also realized that she loved Heathcliff more than Edgar and would always love HThis enlightenment created separation between Edgar and Catherine during the final hours of Cathy's An additional marriage which was made that was doomed was the one between Catherine and L Because this was a forced marriage， Cathy had not yet learned all she could about LBecause she did not know until after the marriage that Linton was selfish and inconsiderate， she became distressed and grew isolated in the These three failed marriages described in this novel show that knowing the person you will marry is very While these marriages took place， jealousy also took a hold in some One example of this is when M Earnshaw starts to favor Heathcliff over his own son， H Because of this， Hindley becomes jealous of young Heathcliff and sets out to make Heathcliff's life a Hindley's jealousy becomes evident when he says ，" be damned you beggarly interloper! and wheedle my father out of all he has; only afterwards show him what you are， imp of S"(35) Jealousy was also found very notably in the relationship between Heathcliff and Edgar L The jealousy between them is expressed when Heathcliff and Edgar start a hostile conversation after Cathy's homecoming at Christmas near the beginning of the As the story progresses these two become bitter enemies who will not speak to one Another relationship which jealousy ruined is the one between Hareton and L These two become jealous of each other over Cathy's This relationship ends as Hareton and Linton hating each These relationships show that jealousy can ruin a relationship very The housekeeper Ellen Dean， or we can call her Nelly， tells most of the She witnesses the life of the three-generations in the two She is a good storyteller but we mustn’t believe all of what she She always thinks and considers things in a simple She couldn’t understand the deep love between Catherine and H She thinks it is a kind of She is a limited In a certain way， this helps readers to understand Heathcliff better because he has no chance to defend An outsider will see the whole thing more However， we should pay more attention not to be affect by her opinions and try to find the truth between the As a main character Catherine is a She is attracted by Linton but doesn’t love She knows that clearly but she marries Linton without listening to the call of her Many critics believe that what makes her marry Linton is only his high social status and I think this comment is In fact， she folly thinks to marry Linton will help Heathcliff “to rise and place him out of my brother’s ” Her decision ruins herself， Heathcliff and the two She has to endure serious suffering because she knows clearly she love Heathcliff whole-heartedly but can’t become his She confesses to Nelly her own thoughts: “…I am Heathcliff—he’s always， always in my mind—not as a pleasure， any more than I am always a pleasure to myself—but as my own being…” She loves Heathcliff because he is more like her than His existence is natural to her for they are the same in They could understand each other without Talking about Heathcliff， he is an evil person but I admire him because his love and hate is Everyone has a devil in his The one in Heathcliff’s heart is especially In spite of this， I believe and can read between the lines that Amily Bronte also has her favor to H She wants to tell us evil and love are deeply planted in everyone’s heart and it is human

论《洛丽塔》中纳博科夫的现代意识 (文化冲突)The Dispiriting Incompatibility of European and American CulturesThroughout Lolita， the interactions between European and American cultures result in perpetual misunderstandings and Charlotte Haze， an American， is drawn to the sophistication and worldliness of Humbert， a E She eagerly accepts Humbert not so much because of who he is， but because she is charmed by what she sees as the glamour and intellect of Humbert’s Humbert has no such reverence for C He openly mocks the superficiality and transience of American culture， and he views Charlotte as nothing but a simple-minded However， he adores every one of Lolita’s vulgarities and chronicles every detail of his tour of America—he enjoys the possibilities for freedom along the open American He eventually admits that he has defiled the country rather than the other way Though Humbert and Lolita develop their own version of peace as they travel together， their union is clearly not based on understanding or Lolita cannot comprehend the depth of Humbert’s devotion， which he overtly links to art， history， and culture， and Humbert will never truly recognize Lolita’s unwillingness to let him sophisticate Eventually， Lolita leaves Humbert for the American Quilty， who does not bore her with high culture or grand 偶然和无常纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》中的混沌 (心里和心理学方面的混乱)The Inadequacy of PsychiatryHumbert’s passion for Lolita defies easy psychological analysis， and throughout Lolita Humbert mocks psychiatry’s tendency toward simplistic， logical In the foreword to Lolita， John Ray， J， PD， claims that Humbert’s tale will be of great interest to psychiatry， but throughout his memoir Humbert does his best to discredit the entire field of study， heaping the most scorn on Freudian For example， he enjoys lying to the psychiatrists at the He reports mockingly that Pratt， the headmistress of Lolita’s school， diagnoses Lolita as sexually immature， wholly unaware that she actually has an overly active sex life with her By undermining the authority and logic of the psychiatric field， Nabokov demands that readers view Humbert as a unique and deeply flawed human being， but not an insane Humbert further thwarts efforts of scientific categorization by constantly describing his feelings for Lolita as an enchantment or spell， closer to magic than to He tries to prove that his love is not a mental disease but an enormous， strange， and uncontrollable emotion that resists easy Nabokov himself was deeply critical of psychiatry， and Lolita is， in a way， an attack on the 以《洛丽塔》为例分析文学内在价值与社会道德规范的冲突解析《洛丽塔》中主人公的悲剧命运论《洛丽塔》的悲剧意义(这段3个主题都有相关，但是不详细)Humbert and Lolita are both exiles， and， alienated from the societies with which they are familiar， they find themselves in ambiguous moral territory where the old rules seem not to Humbert chooses exile and comes willingly from Europe to America， while Lolita is forced into exile when Charlotte She becomes detached from her familiar community of Ramsdale and goes on the road with H Together， they move constantly and belong to no single fixed The tourists Humbert and Lolita meet on the road are similarly transient， belonging to a generic America rather than to a specific In open， unfamiliar territory， Humbert and Lolita form their own set of rules， where normal sexual and familial relationships become twisted and Both Humbert and Lolita have become so disconnected from ordinary society that neither can fully recognize how morally depraved their actions Humbert cannot see his own monstrosity， and Lolita shows only occasional awareness of herself of a Though Humbert sweeps Lolita away so that they can find a measure of freedom， their exile ultimately traps Lolita is bound to Humbert because she has nowhere else to go， and though Humbert dreams of leaving America with Lolita， he eventually accepts that he will stay in America until he Though each of them undergoes one final exile， Lolita to Dick Schiller and Humbert to prison， it is clear that they are first and foremost exiled from their own selves， an exile so total that they could never return to their original places in the worlds they once Exile in L

英语论文3000字范文大全

本人是计算机方面专业英语翻译，希望你能够提供中文版本，这样做起来也比较符合我的专业特长。『Seriously，MortalShen』

从最基本的说起，其实和语文的议论文一样，有introduction，body and conclusion。 Introduction- topic， point of view(optional)，a breif introduction that the student will mention in the following paragraph (1st para of body) Body- a thesis statement + supportive examples + a summary of the thesis(optional) NB: one thesis (idea)/ Conclusion- rearrangement of REMEMBER students have no idea! That's the whole idea of academic Thus there is a very IMPORTANT tip you need to tell your students- REFERENCES References need to appear in introduction，body and conclusion of the whole Academic writings are usually expositive， hence you need tell your students to use passive Active words are ONLY used in Creative Writing

英语论文3000字范文高中

数学论文2000字范文大全高中英语

今天，在我们数学俱乐部里，老师给我们研究了一道有趣的题目，其实也是一道有些复杂的找规律题目，题目是这样的“有一列数：1，2，3，2，1，2，3，4，3，2，3，4，5，4，3，4，5，……。这列数字中前240个数字的和是多少？”我一拿到题目，心里猛然想到，这题目必须得按照规律来做!!! 想法一：开始我便先试着先3个一组来求和，6，5，10，9，12，15，14……。这样一看，这些数字各有特征，关键就是找不出合适的规律。于是，我又找4个一组来求和，8，10，12，16，20……。仔细一看，好像也没什么规律，我只好再试着找5个一组来求和，9，14，19，24……，这样一来就非常明显的看出它们是等数列，我非常高兴，再把240÷5=48（组），5个一组，（1、2、3、2、1），（2、3、4、3、2），（3、4、5、4、3），（4、5、6、5、4）……那么就可以求出末项的和，9+47×5=244，把首项加末项的和乘项数除以2，（9+244）×48÷2=6072。这样就完成了！想法二：我又发现每组开头第一个数字恰好分别是1，2，3，4……48，那么另一种方法就产生了，（1+48）×48÷2×2+（2+49）×48÷2×2+（3+50）×48÷2×2=6072。这样想也合乎情理，也是一个理得清楚而且又实用的方法！想法三：我又发现有N组时，他的和也是把（1+2+3+4+……+N）×5+4N=你要求那N组数的和，比如（1+2+3+4+……+48）×5+4×48=6072。这个规律也是要通过不断来细心观察与研究得来的，这个规律虽然有些抽象，但如果是自己弄明白了，那还要比其他两种方法更容易些。我做的只是其中的三种解法，其实方法还有很多，但是要靠自己来找其中的规律，解其中的奥秘！大千世界，无奇不有，在我们数学王国里也有许多有趣的事情。比如，在我现在的第九册的练习册中，有一题思考题是这样说的：“一辆客车从东城开向西城，每小时行45千米，行了5小时后停下，这时刚好离东西两城的中点18千米，东西两城相距多少千米？王星与小英在解上面这道题时，计算的方法与结果都不一样。王星算出的千米数比小英算出的千米数少，但是许老师却说两人的结果都对。这是为什么呢？你想出来了没有？你也列式算一下他们两人的计算结果。”其实，这道题我们可以很快速地做出一种方法，就是：45×5＝5（千米），5+18＝5（千米），5×2＝261（千米），但仔细推敲看一下，就觉得不对劲。其实，在这里我们忽略了一个非常重要的条件，就是“这时刚好离东西城的中点18千米”这个条件中所说的“离”字，没说是还没到中点，还是超过了中点。如果是没到中点离中点18千米的话，列式就是前面的那一种，如果是超过中点18千米的话，列式应该就是45×5＝5（千米），5-18＝5（千米），5×2＝189（千米）。所以正确答案应该是：45×5＝5（千米），5+18＝5（千米），5×2＝261（千米）和45×5＝5（千米），5-18＝5（千米），5×2＝189（千米）。两个答案，也就是说王星的答案加上小英的答案才是全面的。在日常学习中，往往有许多数学题目的答案是多个的，容易在练习或考试中被忽略，这就需要我们认真审题，唤醒生活经验，仔细推敲，全面正确理解题意。否则就容易忽略了另外的答案，犯以偏概全的错误。关于“0” 0，可以说是人类最早接触的数了。我们祖先开始只认识没有和有，其中的没有便是0了，那么0是不是没有呢？记得小学里老师曾经说过“任何数减去它本身即等于0，0就表示没有数量。”这样说显然是不正确的。我们都知道，温度计上的0摄氏度表示水的冰点（即一个标准大气压下的冰水混合物的温度），其中的0便是水的固态和液态的区分点。而且在汉字里，0作为零表示的意思就更多了，如：1）零碎；小数目的。2）不够一定单位的数量……至此，我们知道了“没有数量是0，但0不仅仅表示没有数量，还表示固态和液态水的区分点等等。” “任何数除以0即为没有意义。”这是小学至中学老师仍在说的一句关于0的“定论”，当时的除法（小学时）就是将一份分成若干份，求每份有多少。一个整体无法分成0份，即“没有意义”。后来我才了解到a/0中的0可以表示以零为极限的变量（一个变量在变化过程中其绝对值永远小于任意小的已定正数），应等于无穷大（一个变量在变化过程中其绝对值永远大于任意大的已定正数）。从中得到关于0的又一个定理“以零为极限的变量，叫做无穷小”。 “105、203房间、2003年”中，虽都有0的出现，粗“看”差不多；彼此意思却不同。105、2003年中的0指数的空位，不可删去。203房间中的0是分隔“楼（2）”与“房门号（3）”的（即表示二楼八号房），可删去。0还表示…… 爱因斯坦曾说：“要探究一个人或者一切生物存在的意义和目的，宏观上看来，我始终认为是荒唐的。”我想研究一切“存在”的数字，不如先了解0这个“不存在”的数，不至于成为爱因斯坦说的“荒唐”的人。作为一个中学生，我的能力毕竟是有限的，对0的认识还不够透彻，今后望（包括行动）能在“知识的海洋”中发现“我的新大陆”

【摘要】：在数学教学中，教师应转变观念，从学生的实际情况出发，承认差异、因材施教，培养学生的学习兴趣，充分利用学生已有的生活经验，引导学生把所学的数学知识应用到现实中去，以体会数学在现实生活中的应用价值，调动学生学习的积极性，树立学好数学的信心。【关键词】：转换角色、尊重、兴趣、信心职业高中数学教学随着我国经济的快速发展，对技能型人才的需求急剧增加，职业教育也越来越受到社会的重视，但中等职业学校的学生，普遍存在着数学基础差、底子薄、学习兴趣不高的弱点，作为一名职业高中数学教师，为了使学生通过学习数学，掌握必要的数学基础知识，具备必需的相关技能与能力，我在平时的教学实践中，尝试了以下做法。一、转换角色，改变已往的教学行为面对新课程，教师首先要转换角色，确认自己新的教学身份，成为学生学习活动的组织者、引导者、参与者。首先，教师作为学生学习的组织者，一个非常重要的任务就是为学生提供合作交流的空间与时间。在教学中，可以根据不同的内容采取独自学习、同桌讨论、小组合作探究、全班交流等课堂教学组织形式，以活跃课堂气氛，提高学生对数学的学习兴趣。其次，教师作为学生学习的引导者，其引导的特点是含而不露、指而不明、开而不达、引而不发。当学生在学习过程中迷路时，教师不是轻易的告诉方向，而是引导他如何辨明方向。当学生面对学习中的遇到的困难产生畏难情绪时，教师不是拖着走，而是点起他内心的激情，鼓励他不断地向上攀登。再次，教师是学生学习活动的参与者，其行为方式主要是：观察、倾听、交流。教师应以朋友的身份参与学生的学习探索过程，实现由传道、授业、解惑向学习活动的组织者、引导者、合作者转变。例如，在学生对讨论的问题争议不休、并且与正确结论之间发生偏差时，教师可以说：“能让老师发表一下意见吗？”，以和蔼可亲的态度，“商量”的语气，以“参与者”、“合作者”的身份与学生共同讨论。这样教师既起到“引导者”的作用，又为学生创设了一种没有精神压抑的、以人为本的学习环境，使学生在探索数学知识的同时也经历了丰富的情感体验。如：在讲“反函数”这一节内容时，学生的思维往往容易出现“混乱”，搞不清为什么有的函数有反函数，有的函数没有反函数。这时需要教师积极引导学生的思维，让他们懂得“函数”是一种特殊的“映射”，“反函数”作为一种“函数”，也必须符合“映射”的定义，从而得出：在定义域和值域之间只有是“一一映射”的函数才有反函数。于是在课堂练习中“求 y=x2（x≤0）的反函数时，能否把条件 x ≤0 去掉？”，其结论当然是“不能”。如果去掉，则给一个 y 值时，就不是唯一确定的 x 值与其对应，从而该函数的定义域和值域之间就不是“一一映射”，所以在没有附加条件时，函数y=x2就没有反函数。代理发表论文二、制作数学模型，调动学习兴趣动手制作数学模型是立体几何教学的重要措施，数学模型易于表现空间图形的真实形状和各元素之间的实际位置关系，它可以帮助学生掌握新知识，建立空间观念。比如，在讲三垂线定理及其逆定理时，我号召学生用一块硬纸板和几根小木棒，制作了简易的数学模型，学生通过演示数学模型，就很容易地理解和掌握了三垂线定理及其逆定理的实质，就能得心应手地解决与之相关的题目。这样，通过让学生动手制作数学模型，降低了思维难度从而使他们对学习过程本身产生兴趣，进而发展到对学习内容产生兴趣。三、以学生为中心，分层教学、因材施教在教学过程中，教师要对学生的个体差异仔细观察，并充分估计，做到尊重差异、承认差异。从学生的实际情况出发，打破传统教学的“整体”教学观的束缚，注重整体与个体并重，采取分层教学、分类施教。教师在备课时要因人而异地设计教学环节，做到扬长避短、分类指导。课堂的提问，新旧知识的迁移，新知识的讲解等方面，都要针对学生差异，设计不同层次的问题。关注学生全体的同时，侧重不同层次学生的发展，以使能力较强的学生发展了思维，能力中等的学生产生了兴趣，能力较差的学生掌握了方法。如，在讲完一个概念后，让学生复述；讲完一个例题后，将条件适当改变，请中等或较高水平的学生上台板演；对于基础较差的学生，可以多提问一些简单的问题，让他们有较多的锻炼机会，并及时地充分肯定学生的一点一滴的进步。坚持这样做，就会激发学生的学习热情，让他们热爱数学，自觉地学习数学。四、联系生活实际，培养学生的数学应用意识由于大多数职业高中学生毕业后，走向工作岗位，他们片面地认为数学跟工作和生活联系不大，因而有部分学生在数学课上睡觉、聊天、看小说等。为了改变这种现状，在平时的教学中，我充分利用学生已有的生活经验，引导学生把所学的数学知识应用到现实中去，以体会数学在现实生活中的应用价值。如，讲《分类计数原理与分步计数原理》时，我选用了一个这样的例子：某城市的电话号码由8位数字组成，其中从左边算起的第一位只能是6或8，其余7位可以从前10个自然数0，1，，9中任意取，允许数字重复。试问：该城市最多可装电话多少门？在讲直线的公理“过两点有且只有一条直线”时，我告诉学生，这个公理来源于实践，反过来又为实际服务。比如，木工师傅用墨斗拉线，站队时如何将队列排列整齐，如何解释成语“一箭双雕”等。在讲线段的公理“两点之间线段最短”时，我让学生们设计自己的上学路线怎样走才能最近，才能节省自己从家到学校的时间。在轻松愉快的气氛中，学生就记住了这个性质。又如，利用数列的知识可解决购房、购车等大额商品的分期还贷问题；利用二次函数求最值的方法可解决现实生活中的最佳方案问题；利用指数函数可解决金融计算中的复利问题和国民生产总值的翻番问题，等等。在这些知识的学习过程中，使学生感到数学的无处不在、无处不用。总之，在数学课堂教学中，教师只有理解、尊重、关爱学生，把学习的主动权交给学生，才能充分发挥学生的主体作用，激发学生的学习兴趣，使数学课堂充满趣味和活力。

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