英语议论文常用词汇及例句及翻译

是要连接词之类的吗？first，second，third第一，第二，第三What'smore还有Worsestill=Tomakethinksworse更糟糕的是luckily，fortunately幸运的是（加上前缀un-就是“不幸的是”）Inaddition除此之外Asisknowntousall众所周知的是Inaword=allinall总而言之Tobehonest说实话……（完全自己想的，好累）还有很多，平常在完型或阅读中遇到此类词可以积累下了，这样在写作时可以为自己的作文润色，增加词汇。

a great quantity of (接可数或不可数)大量a good deal of (接不可数名词)许多，大量a large amount of (接不可数名词)大量a little (表示肯定)一些，一点点a lot of (接可数、不可数名词) 大量的，许多a number of (接可数名词)若干，许多above all 首先，首要，尤其是after all 毕竟，终究 ahead of 在…前面，先于all but 几乎，差一点；除了…都all of a sudden 忽然all over 到处，遍及；全部结束。all right 令人满意的；(健康)良好的；好，行，可以in all 总共，共计all the same 仍然，照样地；all the time 一直，始终and so on 等等apart from 除…之外(别无)；除…之外(尚有)a great many 许多，大量as…as… 像，如同，与…一样as far as 远到；就…而言，至于as follows 如下as for 至于，关于ask for leave 请假as long as 只要，如果；as soon as 一…就，刚…便as though?= as ?if? 好像，仿佛as to 至于，关于as usual 照例，像平常一样-as well 也，又as well as 除…之外(也)，既…又ask for 请求，要求at a loss 困惑不解，茫然不知所 at all (用于否定句)丝毫(不)，一点(不)at all costs 不惜任何代价，无论如何at any rate - 无论如何，至少at ease 舒适(地)，安逸(地)at first 最初，起先at hand 近在手头，在附近 at last 终于at least 至少at most 至多，不超过at no time 从不，决不。at once 马上，立刻；同时，一起at present 目前，现在at the cost of 以…为代价at the moment 此刻，目前at the same time 同时；然而，不过at the sight of 一看见…就 back and forth (前后)来回地，反复地back up 支持；倒退be described as 被描写成be in favor of 支持be made up of 由…组成，由…构成be short of 缺少，不足；未达到bear/keep．．in mind 记住(某事)because of 因为，由于 before long 不久以后be worth doing? 值得做某事beyond the question 毫无疑问，确定无疑both．．．and．．既…又…，不但…而且break down 损坏，抛锚break in 破门(窗)而入；打断，插嘴break into 强行闯进break off -中断，中止break out (战争等)爆发；使逃脱，使逃走break through 突破，突围break up 打碎；终止，结束bring about 带来，引起，导致bring forward 提出(建议等)bring into effect 使生效，实行bring out 使…显示出来；出版bring up 教育，培养build up 逐步建立、增强，增进but for 倘没有，要不是 by accident 偶然 by air 通过航空途径；用无线电by all means 尽一切办法，务必by and by 不久，迟早by chance 偶然，碰巧by far …得多，最(修饰比较级和最高级)by means of 用，凭借by mistake 错误地，无意中(做了某件错事)by no means 决不，并没有 by oneself 单独地，独自地by the way 顺便地，附带地说说by way of 经过，经由；通过…的方法call for 要求，需要；邀请call off 取消call on 访问，拜访；呼吁，号召call up 打电话；召集cannot help doing 禁不住，忍不住cannot．．too．．越…越好，再…也不过分care for 照顾，照料；喜欢carry forward 发扬；进行carry off 拿走，夺去…的生命carry on 继续carry out ，执行，贯彻；进行(到底)catch sight of 看到，发现catch up with 赶上check in 办理登记手续，报到check out 结账后离开，办妥手续离开cheer up 高兴起来，振作起来 clear up 清理；使变清；放晴come around 苏醒；顺便来访come on (表劝说，鼓励等)来吧，走吧；开始come out 出版，发表；显现，出现；结果是come through 经历…仍活着come to 苏醒；共计，达到come to an end 结束come true 实现come up 出现，走上前来come up with 追上，赶上；提出compare．．to 把…比作，把…与…比较count for little 轻视count on 依靠，指望cut down 砍倒；消减；缩短cut in 打断，插嘴；(汽车)超车抢档cut off 切掉；切断；阻隔cut out 删掉，割去cut short 缩短，删节 deal with 做买卖；处理；论述，涉及decide on 考虑后选定或决定die down 变弱，逐渐消失 die out 消失，灭绝do．．a favour 帮助某人draw in (火车、汽车)进站的draw up 起草，制订dream of 梦到；梦想，向往dress up 穿上盛装，精心打扮drop in 顺便(非正式)访问drop out 退学，退出due to 由于，因为each other 互相(多用作宾语) 或…或，不是…就是…end up 结束，告终even if／though 即使，虽然every now and then 时而，偶尔every other 每隔一个except for 除了…外face to face 面对面(的)地；对立地fail to do ?没能做…get across 使通过；使被理解get along 过活；相处(with)；进展get down 从…下来；着手进行；写下get into 对…发生兴趣；卷入；进入get off (从…)下来；逃脱惩罚get on 骑上(马、自行车等)，登上(车、船、飞机等)；有进展get on with 与…友好相处；继续干get out 离去，退出(组织等)；(消息等) 泄漏get over 克服(困难等)；从(疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来get rid of 处理掉；摆脱get through 完成；打通电话；通过(考试)get up 起床；起立give in 屈服；让步give off 发出或放出(蒸气等)give out 分发；发出(气味等)give up 放弃；投降give way to 让位于；给…让路go after 追逐，追求；设法得到go ahead 开始，进行；前进，领先go along with 赞同，附合，支持go around (消息)流传；足够分配go down 下去；(船等)下沉；下降go for 去请，去取；赞成go in for 从事于；酷爱；追求go into 进入；调查；从事go into action 开始行动 go into effect 实施，生效go on 继续下去，进行go out 熄灭，停止运转；过时go over 检查；复习go through 遭受，经历；检查，审查go up 上升，(物价等)上涨；被炸毁，被烧毁go wrong 出错；发生故障，出毛病grow up 成熟；成年；发展 had better 应该，还是…好hand in 交上；递上hand out 分发，散发hand over 交出，移交hang on 抓紧不放；坚持下去；(电话不挂) 等一会儿hang up 把…挂起来；挂断(电话)have an advantage over 胜于，优于have in mind 记在心里；考虑到，想到have nothing to do with 和…毫无关系have (something)to do with和…(有点)关系 head for 朝…方向走去help oneself 自取所需(食物等)hold back 踌躇，退缩不前；阻止hold sth back from sb 向某人隐瞒某事hold on 握住不放；坚持；(打电话) 等会儿 hold on to 紧紧抓住；控制，克制hold up 举起；耽搁；延迟hurry up (使)赶快；匆匆完成hurt one‘s feelings 伤害某人感情 if only 只要；要是…就好in a hurry 急于，忙于 ’in a sense 从某种意义上in a way 在某种程度上，从某一点上看in a word 简而言之，一句话in addition to 除…之外(还)in advance 预先，事先in any case 无论如何，不管怎样in brief 简单地说in case of 假如，如果发生；防备in charge of 负责，主管in common 共有的，共用的in debt 欠债in detail 详细的in effect 实际上，事实上in fact 事实上，其实in favour of 支持，赞成in front of 在…前面 in general 一般说来，大体上 in half 成两半in honour of 为向…表示敬意；为庆祝in no case 无论如何不，决不 in no time 立即，马上in no way 决不in one's mind eye 在…看来in order 按顺序；整齐in order to 为了(做某事) in other words 换句话说，也就是说in part 部分地in particular 特别，尤其in person 亲自in proportion to 与…成比例in public 公开地，当众in question 正在谈论的in relation to 有关，涉及in return (for) 作为(对…的)回报、交换in short 简言之，总之 in sight 看得见，在视线之内；在望in spite of 不管，不顾in that 因为in the course of 在…期间，在…过程中in the end 最后，终于in the face of 在…前面；不管，即使in the future 在将来in the way 挡道，“妨碍某人in time 及时；最后，终于in touch 联系，接触in turn 依次地，轮流地；转而，反过来 in vain 徒劳，白费力 instead of ．替代，而不是 just now 刚才，才不久；现在，眼下join in 参加，加入；和…在一起 keep an eye on 留意，照看 in mind 记住 keep in touch with 与…保持联系keep it up 坚持keep on 继续进行，反复地做keep one's word 守信用keep in one's mind 牢记某事keep to 坚持；固守(习惯等)keep up with 跟上，不落后kill off 消灭，杀光knock down 撞倒；击倒knock out (拳击中)击倒，击昏laugh at 因…而发笑；嘲笑 lay aside 把…搁置一旁；留存，储存lay down 放下；铺设(铁路)；制定(计划等)lay out 布置，安排，设计；摆出，展开lead to 通向；导致，引起 learn by heart 记住，背诵learn from 学习，向…学习leave behind 丢弃；留下；忘记携带leave off (使)停止，停下来leave out 忽略，遗漏；省略 let ?更别提，更不要说 let off 排放；放(炮)，开(枪) let out 放掉(水等)，发出 lie in 在于line up 排队，使排成一行little (表示否定，不可数)没多少little by little 一点一点地，逐渐地live on 靠…生活；以…为食live thr英语常用词组汇总

Physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态) strong(强壮的) un/healthy(不健康/健康的) overweight/fat(肥胖的) thin(瘦的) near/short-sighted(近视的) mentally unhealthy(精神不健全的) normal(正常的) abnormal(不正常的) energetic(精力旺盛的) unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯) eat much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品)等 Stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康) build up one’s body/ improve one’s' health(强身健体) enough sleep(充足的睡眠) take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动) roper diet(合理的饮食) good living habits(良好的生活习惯) lose weight(减肥) remove heavy burdens(减轻负担) be good for/do good to(对…有益处) nutrition(营养)， go on diet(节食) form a …habit(养成一个…的习惯) breathe in as much fresh air等，高中作文常用单词。话题二:环境保护 Pollute （污染）---pollution Waste is scattering here and （到处撒满了废弃物） protect the environment(保护环境) send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air（散发出烟和有毒气体） cut down trees(砍伐树木) pour waste water into the rivers（把废水注入河流） It is a shame to throw rubbish （乱扔垃圾是可耻的） form good habits to protect the surroundings（养成良好的习惯来保护环境） take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物) take good care of our forests（关心我们的森林） plant more trees to improve the environment （多植来改善环境） The terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well as to the (可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。) We should do all we can to prevent the environment from being We should do everything we can to prevent the environment from being We should do what we can to prevent the environment from being We should do our best to prevent the environment from being 表示原因： 1）There are three reasons for this 2）The reasons for this are as 3）The reason for this is obvious，that is … Great changes have taken place in our There are three reasons for this 表示好处： 1） It has the following 2） It does us a lot of 3） It benefits us quite a Books are like They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our Therefore，reading is of great benefit to 表示坏处： 1） It has more disadvantages than 2） It is harmful to Television can also be harmful to It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching 表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for do 2）We think it necessary to do sth 3）It plays an important role in our We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer A 表示措施 1）We should take some effective 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the 4）We should solve the problems that we are faced The environ problem that we are faced with is becoming more and more Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve 表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years 3）The computer has brought about many changes in modern society Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five The major reasons for these changes are：people would rather eat more green vegetables instead of fat 表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact 2）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested 3）However，that’s not the We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of 表示比较 1）Compared with A，B 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages， Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of Secondly，they do not cause the pollution ， what is important， riding bicycles will be good for our 表示数量 1）It has increased（decreased） The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000 2) a number of a great many a great deal of a large amount of plenty of the number of With the improvement of the living standard， people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased 表示看法 1）People have different opinions on this 2）People take different views on the 3）In my opinion， I think… People have different attitudes towards Some believe that failure leads to Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on 表示结论 1）In short，it can be said that 2) From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved 表示喜欢、厌恶 like/enjoy doing sth be fond of doing sth be crazy about be addicted to Dislike doing sth hate doing sth 13）表示赞成，反对 Be for 支持 be against 反对 I agree that I agree to do sth I disagree that 14）描写人 Have a gift/talent for study hard and make progress every day

英语议论文常用词汇及句型翻译

[英语作文常用句型]在英语写作中，有一些句型的搭配能力非常强，基本上可以用在各种话题的议论文中，如果能将这些句型掌握并熟练应用一定会使你的英文写作得心应手。想不想试一试呢？一、开头句型我们常说，良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。在写议论文时，你通常以什么样的方式开头呢？最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法。也就是说———直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点，点出文章的中心思想。I．．．．has both advantages and disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。例如：1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．3．Com pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages．举一反三：1．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages．2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every coin has two sides，．．．has its disadvantages．（本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。）II．．．．play（s）an important role ／part in．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如：1．Computers play an important role in science and technology．2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life． Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies．3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind．4．Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness．举一反三：1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place．III．With the development of．．．，随着……的发展，例如：1．With the developm ent of our econo- m y，m any Chinese fam ilies can afford a car．2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious．3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home．4．With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed．举一反三：1．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious．随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。2．With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards women is changing．随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。3．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing number of Chinesefamilies can afford a car．随着中国改革开放的深入，越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。（“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of， a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等来表达。）本结构看似固定，实则富于变化，只要记住with有“随着”的意思，相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。我们已经看到，开门见山的开头使论文直切主题，直白明确地提出了论点。不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时，就显得有欠缺，因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。IV．When it comes to．．．，some people think ／believe that．．．，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true．There is probably some truth in both arguments ／statements，but．．．当说到……，有些人认为……，但另一些人则持相反的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但……。本结构先用when it comes to ．．．引出话题，再用some．．．others ．．．这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth in both．．．表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but．．．很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子：TV，a good thing or bad thingWhen it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education． Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities．There is probably some truth in both sides．But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad．It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society．二、结尾句型英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one ／a word，generally speaking等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。V．．．．take measures to do sth．例如：1．We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world．2．We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams．3．The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse．4．Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks．

As the world that we living today， people turns to /things turns to:在当今社会里，人民总是（或者）事物总是（这句话可以替代， )From my point of view ， that 从我的想法里，。。。。。、（这句话可以替代，I think)Soon after that :紧接着。(可以替代AFTER)、As this result turns out to (最后这个结果会。。。。）still as the result of (最后的结果还是。。。。）On the other hand of this / the argument:(但是从另一方面想。。。。）To the point that i can no longer think of:( 我已近想不出。。。。。）Personlly i think that (我个人认为。。。。。）the consequnce will ( 这个是最终会。。。。）

中间段落句相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___At the same time，they say____ 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。 But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____For example，____Worst of all，___ ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是…… ______is necessary and important to our country"s development and First，______What"s more， _____Most important of all，______ 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to First， we can______ 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面， Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______ For one thing，______For another，______

It is 句型用得最多It is difficult to study E 英语很难学这样的句型是用得最多的

英语论文常用词汇及句型翻译

把先发生的事情写在后面。先把结局说出来，吸引读者了解其起因和过程，如《背影》；插叙，指在记叙过程中，需要插入另一些有关的情节，再接着叙述后来的事情，如《驿路梨花》。

it's important for us to do sth well 做好某事对我们来说是重要的

英语学术论文常用句型英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning In this paper。。 This paper proceeds as The structure of the paper is as In this paper， we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are Details on xx and xx are discussed in later In the next section， after a statement of the basic problem， various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first， an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly， fuzzy service rule are Review This review is followed by an A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section In the next section， a brief review of the is In the next section， a short review of is given with special regard to Section 2 reviews relevant research related to Section 1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action， while 2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility

中文学术论文常用词汇大全及例句及翻译英语

Abstract: objective of universal principles for digestion The typical analysis method， find common The analysis result was 11 (including the famous paradox is still considered the "SC franklin without a person can make everybody convincing explicitly proposes the paradox of reasoning， and any fallacy paradox liar paradox termination， can cause) from the following principles explaining violation of thinking in handling the relationship between the concept， the logical thing is not the first thing on the logic and According to the principle of the straight， through the analysis of the specific example Narrows definition， not all the straight predicate definition contains a vicious Conclusion the principle is to prevent the paradox and an effective principle， the article， the principle that generality， General to the cause of contradiction in the straight predicate definition (depends) and banned the use of it in mathematics， lack of logic based Keywords: paradox， Invalid reasoning， The straight predicate， Logic has not confuse principle

二中间段落句相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。On the contrary， there are some people in favor of ___At the same time， they say____ ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……______is necessary and important to our country’s development and First，_，What’s more， __Most important of all，_ 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。There are several measures for us to First， we can______ 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______， we should take a series of effective measures to______ For one thing，______For another， ______ 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。It is high time that something was done about For _____In _____Allthese measures will certainly______ 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。However， just like everything has both its good and bad sides， ______also has its own disadvantages， such as ______ 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。Nonetheless， I believe that ______is more

I think+从句······太多了

英语论文常用词汇及句型翻译技巧

引用数据（图表、表格）：常用的动词：show， present， illustrate， summarize， demonstrate， contain， provide， list， report， give， reveal， display， indicate， suggest， describe， …as从句：As shown in…/As can be seen in…/As revealed by…引用/简述他人的研究/观点：XXX + V + /that…其中Verb可以为：state， claim， argue， maintain， suggest， assert， hypothesize， conclude， describe， develop， propose， find， show， report， use， study， demonstrate， note， discuss， observe， explain， expand， publish， give， examine， analyze， focus， presume， speculate， assume， support， theorize， contend， recommend其它：Based on…/In the view of…/According to…表达可能性：It is certain that …It is almost certain that …It is very probable/ highly likely that …It is probable/likely that …It is possible that …It is unlikely that …It is very/highly unlikely that …用于表达可能性的另一种途径：There is a definite possibility that …There is a strong possibility that …There is a good possibility that …There is a slight possibility that …There is little possibility that …

关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ Some people suggest that ____ 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______ It’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today， ____， which have brought a lot of harms in our daily First， ____ Second，____ What makes things worse is that______ 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays， it is common to ______ Many people like ______ because ______Besides，______ 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to Some people say that ______To them，_____ 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that ______ Obviously， ______， but why?

1、采用增译法进行论文翻译　　增译法指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英的论文翻译里。通过增译，一能保证译文语法结构的完整，二可以保证译文意思的明确。　　2、采用省译法进行论文翻译　　省译法是与增译法相对应的一种论文翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。　　3、采用转换法进行论文翻译　　转换法：指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。