欧洲文化概况论文题目大全及答案
Abstract: America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that， American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence， did Americans realized that they need national literature strongly， and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history， after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics， which emphasized individualism and intuition and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring， there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature， and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence of Civil War， the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life， critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War， Americans were at a loss postwar， and the Modern American literature Keywords: National Literature， Romanism， Transcendentalism， Local Color， Realism， Modern literature 摘要： 从殖民地时期起，欧洲殖民者和清教徒翻开了美国文学史的第一页。 这往后很长一段时期， 美国文学一直都受到欧洲文化的很大 影响 。一直到美国独立后，美国人强烈地感觉到了民族文学的需要，美国的民族文学开始 发展 。 南北战争是美国文学史上一个分水岭， 战后美国文学进入了一个全盛时期，产生了强调个性主义和直觉的早期浪漫主义，和以爱默生为代表的超验主义文学。爱默生的 时代 是美国前所未有的文学变动时代，产生了一大批优秀的作家和作品。 他们突出地给予了当时美国文学以深度和力量，也促进了罗曼主义高潮的来临。但是由于战争的影响， 社会 动荡不安，这时的作品更注重于揭示社会的阴暗面， 同时美国的民族文学进一步发展，创作出许多带有本土色彩和批判现实主义的作品。 一战后，美国人陷入战后的茫然， 美国也开始进入了 现代 文学阶段。 关键词： 民族文学， 浪漫主义， 超验主义， 本土色彩， 现实主义， 现代文学 American is a multi-national Just like a big container， which put in various kinds of Different cultures， that can not only be co-existed but also form a sharp contrast， mixed together， It makes American literature style has a flavor of distinct and various aesthetic Many writers come from lower level， which makes American literature has the rich flavor of life and local Furthermore， many new styles of literature in the world are oriented in America since 20th The process of American literature can be divided into following main periods: Colony and Puritan literature; early national literature; latter national literature and Modern America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that， American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence， did Americans realize that they need national literature strongly， and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history， after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics， which emphasized individualism and intuition，and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring， there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature， and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence if Civil War， the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life， critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War， Americans were at a loss postwar， and the Modern American literature Colonial and early American literature (1) Travelers and Explorers When the European explorers first came to this new continent， the native Indians who probably got here from Asia about fifteen thousand years ago were still in origin， and they even had no written language， “The traditional literature was originally transmitted almost entirely by word of mouth， and therefore belongs to the category of oral literature，” (Wu Dingbo， 1) As time past， more and more travelers and explorers swarmed They wrote a lot of diaries、letters， and travel accounts to describe the new land as second E No wander somebody said that the earliest American literature were the travel accounts written by European Among the most remained were Captain John Smith’s True Relation of Virginia (1608)， and Description of New England (1616) Although most of the Indian history was preserved in tales and songs， they had thoughts about life and They loved the natural world around them deeply， and they believed that when a person was dead， he would give back what had borrowed while he was alive to This kind of philosophy had influenced later or even modern American It’s interesting that when we look at the literature of the Puritans， the Transcendentalists， the Naturalists， and even the Moderns， when we read Anne Bradstreet， Emily Dickinson， Stephen Crane， and Ernest Hemingway， we can find similar (2) Pilgrim settlements Several years later， another group of settlers also arrived in the New W This group was looking for the Jamestown However ， because of bad navigation， they landed in M They were also coming to the New World with dreams of success， but their goal was different from the Jamestown They wanted to start a new world governed by the B They were called Puritans because they wanted to live a better life by making themselves They first arrived on the Mayflower and settled in P This is the group we are usually thinking about when we talk about the "first A"The clearest history of their journey to the New World can be found in History of Plymouth Plantation (1608) written by William Bradford， who was also one of the Mayflower The History of Plymouth Plantation is a Puritan book in the best “It’s loosely annalistic， but a direct and simple style gives charm， as a sincere faith in Puritanism gives purity， to the entire ” (W P Trent， 1997) The Puritans had several kinds of By far the most common form is the writing related to Biblical teachings， or sermons， that the church leaders The Puritans believed that they were in the New World because God had brought them there for a special They thought that by studying the Bible they could learn more about this way of So they were very strict to their life， and they didn’t allow any kind of entertainment even in That’s way Wu Dingbo said in his book “Literature of the New England Settlement is mainly a literary expression of the Puritan idealism” and “The literature of the colonial settlement served either God or colonial expansion or ” (Wu Dingbo， 4) Another important form of writing from this period is the These books， like Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation， are important because they tell us about life at the time of the P People also wrote many But a lot of works were hidden and lost because people often considered poetry to be an inferior form of writing and not totally acceptable to Puritan One of the most significant poets from this period was Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) Her poems in Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up In America (1650) reflected the con concerns of women who came to settle in the colonies， and in all her poems， however， she shows her strong belief in G 18th century—the Age of reason (1) The Age of reason In the 18th century， people believed in man’s own nature and the power of human With Franklin as its spokesman， the 18th century America experienced an age of Words had never been so useful and so important in human People wrote a lot of political Numerous pamphlets and printings were These works agitated revolutionary people not only in America but also around the Among the most renowned was the work Common Sense (1776) of Thomas Paine (1737-1809) It’s the ringing call for the decoration of He also wrote Crisis (1774-1783) and The Age of Reason (1794-1796)， according to Wu， “He thought that religion should be based on rational， reasonable ” (Wu Dingbo， 12) The pamphlets helped complete the debate that resulted in America's separation from E And of course for all the Americans， the most important document from this period was a single sheet of paper called The Declaration of Independence (1776)， mainly written by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin F Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)， the most distinguished person and giant in American history， he wrote and worked for American independence hardly and had made so many great efforts to America that he has been called "The First A" a world-renowned scientist， diplomat， philosopher， and He perfected the smooth， clear， short sentences of the Puritan plain His Autobiography encourages hard work and emphasizes the importance of Another work that is well known is Poor Richard's Almanack， and many of the sentences have become popular During this time writers thought that the truth should be relied on Bible， churchmen， authorities， or practice and (2) Early National Literature During the period of American Revolution War， American national literature came into Since before the war， American people have already had the awareness of national independence， so they wrote many political writings revolutionary The war helped the first important American prose writers and poets grow up both culturally and Furthermore， the independence of nation led to the independence of national From this moment on， American people began to understand of meaning of being a real ”American“ 放不下了，后面还有，在下面的网站里。满意拿分
看看韦尔斯的《世界史纲》吧，那里面谈了人种、环境、语言等方面对文化的影响，刚好他又是欧洲人 应该很有参考价值吧 欧洲文化略分五个时期。一、古典时期( the Classic Age， 1200 BC～476 AD)主要是古希腊文明(the Ancient Greek Civilization)及古罗马文明(the Ancient Roman Civilization)。奉行的是异教徒的信仰和实(Paganism)。异教徒指非基督教徒，非犹太教徒，非伊斯兰教徒。理念上鲜有束缚，实践中享受人生，个性突出，热情奔放，创造力旺盛，风格多姿多彩。二、中世纪时期(the Middle Ages， 476～1453)主要是罗马天主教的教会文化(the Church Culture)，强调人的原罪(the original sin)，人性受到压抑(inhibited)，文化上是一泓死水(cultural backwater)。这一时期的主流是对古典时期的反动。反主流的代表人物是但丁( Alighier，Dante，l265～1321)，杰作是史诗《神曲》(Divine Comedy)。
圣经与西方文化、中西文化交流、中世纪经院哲学对后世的影响12~13世纪西欧“新春天”与文艺复兴的对比文艺复兴中的“异端”成分宗教改革与反宗教改革西欧宗教地域划分的历史由来三十年战争对欧洲的影响
《大地之歌》，取自马勒同名交响乐
欧洲文化概况论文答辩问题及答案
论文答辩一般会问的问题如下：1、你为什么选择这个题目？A：选题问题可能涉及到你的研究兴趣以及以后的研究方向，如果你已经有了明确的研究方向，之前已经认真瞭解过，可以大胆的告诉导师，如果还没有确定研究方向，可以和老师说说你的选题来源以及之前搜集过的资料。2、你的论文价值是什么?A：论文价值问题一般考察你对于现实的关注以及思考问题的能力，这一部分可以回答一些论文的现实意义，包括对目前研究的领域有什么帮助、提出了什么问题、有什么解决方法等等。3、你的论文理论基础是什么?A：理论基础考查的是专业能力以及基础知识的掌握程度，回答时要逻辑清晰，突出知识性和专业性，用专业的理论知识来阐述你的论文框架和论文内容，切不可用口语化语言。4、你的文献综述是如何形成的？A：文献综述可以看出你的研究能力以及搜集资料的能力，这个问题可以说是最简单的，阐明获取资料的管道，如知网、学术网站、图书馆等。5、你的毕业论文进行的研究方法是什么？A：一些专业在初试中可能不会重点考察研究方法问题，但是在研究实践中研究方法却是基础，所以基础研究方法还没掌握的同学可要好好补补课了，不然没有研究方法怎么做毕业论文的研究啊。
问论文的背景！如果您对这个回答满意， 请点击回答内容右下方的“…”，再点击“采纳”。多谢了！
一般分为格式问题与内容问题。可以去问问导师，他可能会告诉你怎么做！我就是这样做的。 放心！老师的提问还是基于你的论文的，问概念和关系的问题会多一点！比如个人主义和大学社团有什么联系？
问问他的答辩题，我们还是有问答和他的答案的，并且摘抄答案，我觉得还是能够给予我们大家更多的帮助和选择的方式。
欧洲文化概况论文题目大全
艺复兴和资产阶级萌芽没什么必然关联。城市繁荣了，出现了富裕的阶层，于是人们追求些文化上的享受（文学、雕塑、建筑）是很自然的事。所以说城市的发展和繁荣是文艺复兴产生的条件之一。 还有些历史必然因素，比如人们对教皇信仰的危机和教皇权利的衰落。教廷内部长期腐败，榨取民脂民膏，造成了人民的不满。百年的瘟疫和教廷分裂也动摇了人们对教皇的信仰。于是人们的思想从宗教转向了艺术和科学研究。 文艺复兴兴起于意大利，意大利当时以城市经济繁荣为特点，商业和城市手工业发达，封建势力的基础——农业不很突出。在这样的条件下产生文艺复兴运动是
我是外语学院的，我们经常搞这些，记得上铺写过这么一篇，给分吧，我晚上问问
看看韦尔斯的《世界史纲》吧，那里面谈了人种、环境、语言等方面对文化的影响，刚好他又是欧洲人 应该很有参考价值吧 欧洲文化略分五个时期。一、古典时期( the Classic Age， 1200 BC～476 AD)主要是古希腊文明(the Ancient Greek Civilization)及古罗马文明(the Ancient Roman Civilization)。奉行的是异教徒的信仰和实(Paganism)。异教徒指非基督教徒，非犹太教徒，非伊斯兰教徒。理念上鲜有束缚，实践中享受人生，个性突出，热情奔放，创造力旺盛，风格多姿多彩。二、中世纪时期(the Middle Ages， 476～1453)主要是罗马天主教的教会文化(the Church Culture)，强调人的原罪(the original sin)，人性受到压抑(inhibited)，文化上是一泓死水(cultural backwater)。这一时期的主流是对古典时期的反动。反主流的代表人物是但丁( Alighier，Dante，l265～1321)，杰作是史诗《神曲》(Divine Comedy)。
欧洲文化概况论文答辩题目
圣经与西方文化、中西文化交流、中世纪经院哲学对后世的影响12~13世纪西欧“新春天”与文艺复兴的对比文艺复兴中的“异端”成分宗教改革与反宗教改革西欧宗教地域划分的历史由来三十年战争对欧洲的影响
那时候很喜欢打面试，老师喜欢问问题有哪些文章，写作手法和描写手法等等
北欧家具设计给我们的启示 1）传统思潮的继承和发扬 在北欧家具设计成功的经验中，我们看到了应怎样做好设计。现代中国风格的家具要在继承前人的设计经验和成果的基础上，根据具体历史条件下的市场消费和审美文化心态，来提炼出民族文化的内涵，渗透融合到设计对象中去。现在国内家具产品正在体现“中学为体，西学为用”的思想，一些制造商推出了“文化混血”的新产品，如联邦集团推出的“简 曰”系列。这种产品在北欧文化与本土文化之间寻找结合点，产品的线条、结构、用材甚至工艺是西式的，但装饰要素和节点却是中式的，产品整体风格在简约中渗透着东方情韵，建立了具有中华民族特色古典高雅与现代浪漫相结合的家具文化，是为中国家具走向世界做出了表率。 2）对设计师的教育和培养 现代设计师所具备的素质、修养、知识、技能，以及设计群体和分工合作等，必须同时从功用和美的角度来对待设计。我国在这方面认识还很薄弱，所以要花大气力培养自己的设计人才，既是长远目标又是当务之急。 首先，目前我国的设计人才培养仍然是科学与艺术相背离，应想方设法将科学家、工程师和艺术家、手工艺师联合起来，这样才能使设计趋于完善。其次，设计专业的设置单靠美术院校是不合理的，应是既有科学知识又有艺术修养的人才，这也是需从根本上解决的问题。然后，课程设置须待解决。家具设计是一个需要宽广基础和系列专业技能的现代艺术设计专业，我们可以将家具设计课程的构成以多种技能与艺术创造才能为基础，尤其重视学生对于材料与工艺的实验和三维空间创造的能力，使学生成为真正的设计师和实践者。 3）设计创新与对人性化设计的关注 究竟什么样的家具风格才能适合中国市场的发展，中国的家具设计师们正在努力寻求实现中国现代家具的道路。 由于中国社会仍处于转型的阶段，市场经济体制尚未得到最终确立，这个阶段中国的家具工业产品设计将遇到许多难以解决的问题。而且我们可以明确的感受到，创造和发展中国现代家具设计的出路，要正确处理“纯艺术”与“实用艺术”、“艺术”与“技术”的关系的问题，更要将中国现代家具艺术设计的发展作为文化和社会问题来看待。目前，许多家具企业也意识到跟随别人的时尚脚步，不是永久的方法。因此我们要根据现代社会需求和流行趋势，从理念出发寻找新的设计要素和表现形式，大量开发符合市场需求的现代家具。 人性化设计泛指在符合人们的物质需求的基础上，强调精神与情感需求的设计，应该由服务对象作评定。虽然人性是具共性的东西，但在不同的人身上的表现和要求的程度是不同的。对家具这种消费品的人性化设计的评定，往往不能完全不考虑功利因素，因为情感、生理、心理等诸多因素往往是综合起作用的，设计者必须对服务对象的情况多作调查研究，了解他们各自的职业、兴趣、经济状况及文化环境等具体情况，有针对性地给予他们人文的关怀，以适应复杂的现代生活。 北欧家具目前受到世界各地的追求与重视，最主要原因是“以人为本”设计思想的应用，满足了现代生活方式对家具多样化的要求。我们中国的现代家具设计师，应努力挖掘其成功的经验，敏于捕捉“家具人性化”的脉搏，追求适合人体结构的造型形式，在产品的个性特征以及适合人体体型等方而进行研究和探讨。忠实于我们设计的使用者，设计出富有生命力的家具产品，满足人们不同程度的需求，这些都有助于我国家具行业在以后的发展过程中扬长避短、稳步发展。
欧洲文化概况论文题目大全初中
Abstract: America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that， American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence， did Americans realized that they need national literature strongly， and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history， after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics， which emphasized individualism and intuition and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring， there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature， and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence of Civil War， the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life， critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War， Americans were at a loss postwar， and the Modern American literature Keywords: National Literature， Romanism， Transcendentalism， Local Color， Realism， Modern literature 摘要： 从殖民地时期起，欧洲殖民者和清教徒翻开了美国文学史的第一页。 这往后很长一段时期， 美国文学一直都受到欧洲文化的很大 影响 。一直到美国独立后，美国人强烈地感觉到了民族文学的需要，美国的民族文学开始 发展 。 南北战争是美国文学史上一个分水岭， 战后美国文学进入了一个全盛时期，产生了强调个性主义和直觉的早期浪漫主义，和以爱默生为代表的超验主义文学。爱默生的 时代 是美国前所未有的文学变动时代，产生了一大批优秀的作家和作品。 他们突出地给予了当时美国文学以深度和力量，也促进了罗曼主义高潮的来临。但是由于战争的影响， 社会 动荡不安，这时的作品更注重于揭示社会的阴暗面， 同时美国的民族文学进一步发展，创作出许多带有本土色彩和批判现实主义的作品。 一战后，美国人陷入战后的茫然， 美国也开始进入了 现代 文学阶段。 关键词： 民族文学， 浪漫主义， 超验主义， 本土色彩， 现实主义， 现代文学 American is a multi-national Just like a big container， which put in various kinds of Different cultures， that can not only be co-existed but also form a sharp contrast， mixed together， It makes American literature style has a flavor of distinct and various aesthetic Many writers come from lower level， which makes American literature has the rich flavor of life and local Furthermore， many new styles of literature in the world are oriented in America since 20th The process of American literature can be divided into following main periods: Colony and Puritan literature; early national literature; latter national literature and Modern America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that， American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence， did Americans realize that they need national literature strongly， and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history， after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics， which emphasized individualism and intuition，and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring， there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature， and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence if Civil War， the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life， critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War， Americans were at a loss postwar， and the Modern American literature Colonial and early American literature (1) Travelers and Explorers When the European explorers first came to this new continent， the native Indians who probably got here from Asia about fifteen thousand years ago were still in origin， and they even had no written language， “The traditional literature was originally transmitted almost entirely by word of mouth， and therefore belongs to the category of oral literature，” (Wu Dingbo， 1) As time past， more and more travelers and explorers swarmed They wrote a lot of diaries、letters， and travel accounts to describe the new land as second E No wander somebody said that the earliest American literature were the travel accounts written by European Among the most remained were Captain John Smith’s True Relation of Virginia (1608)， and Description of New England (1616) Although most of the Indian history was preserved in tales and songs， they had thoughts about life and They loved the natural world around them deeply， and they believed that when a person was dead， he would give back what had borrowed while he was alive to This kind of philosophy had influenced later or even modern American It’s interesting that when we look at the literature of the Puritans， the Transcendentalists， the Naturalists， and even the Moderns， when we read Anne Bradstreet， Emily Dickinson， Stephen Crane， and Ernest Hemingway， we can find similar (2) Pilgrim settlements Several years later， another group of settlers also arrived in the New W This group was looking for the Jamestown However ， because of bad navigation， they landed in M They were also coming to the New World with dreams of success， but their goal was different from the Jamestown They wanted to start a new world governed by the B They were called Puritans because they wanted to live a better life by making themselves They first arrived on the Mayflower and settled in P This is the group we are usually thinking about when we talk about the "first A"The clearest history of their journey to the New World can be found in History of Plymouth Plantation (1608) written by William Bradford， who was also one of the Mayflower The History of Plymouth Plantation is a Puritan book in the best “It’s loosely annalistic， but a direct and simple style gives charm， as a sincere faith in Puritanism gives purity， to the entire ” (W P Trent， 1997) The Puritans had several kinds of By far the most common form is the writing related to Biblical teachings， or sermons， that the church leaders The Puritans believed that they were in the New World because God had brought them there for a special They thought that by studying the Bible they could learn more about this way of So they were very strict to their life， and they didn’t allow any kind of entertainment even in That’s way Wu Dingbo said in his book “Literature of the New England Settlement is mainly a literary expression of the Puritan idealism” and “The literature of the colonial settlement served either God or colonial expansion or ” (Wu Dingbo， 4) Another important form of writing from this period is the These books， like Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation， are important because they tell us about life at the time of the P People also wrote many But a lot of works were hidden and lost because people often considered poetry to be an inferior form of writing and not totally acceptable to Puritan One of the most significant poets from this period was Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) Her poems in Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up In America (1650) reflected the con concerns of women who came to settle in the colonies， and in all her poems， however， she shows her strong belief in G 18th century—the Age of reason (1) The Age of reason In the 18th century， people believed in man’s own nature and the power of human With Franklin as its spokesman， the 18th century America experienced an age of Words had never been so useful and so important in human People wrote a lot of political Numerous pamphlets and printings were These works agitated revolutionary people not only in America but also around the Among the most renowned was the work Common Sense (1776) of Thomas Paine (1737-1809) It’s the ringing call for the decoration of He also wrote Crisis (1774-1783) and The Age of Reason (1794-1796)， according to Wu， “He thought that religion should be based on rational， reasonable ” (Wu Dingbo， 12) The pamphlets helped complete the debate that resulted in America's separation from E And of course for all the Americans， the most important document from this period was a single sheet of paper called The Declaration of Independence (1776)， mainly written by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin F Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)， the most distinguished person and giant in American history， he wrote and worked for American independence hardly and had made so many great efforts to America that he has been called "The First A" a world-renowned scientist， diplomat， philosopher， and He perfected the smooth， clear， short sentences of the Puritan plain His Autobiography encourages hard work and emphasizes the importance of Another work that is well known is Poor Richard's Almanack， and many of the sentences have become popular During this time writers thought that the truth should be relied on Bible， churchmen， authorities， or practice and (2) Early National Literature During the period of American Revolution War， American national literature came into Since before the war， American people have already had the awareness of national independence， so they wrote many political writings revolutionary The war helped the first important American prose writers and poets grow up both culturally and Furthermore， the independence of nation led to the independence of national From this moment on， American people began to understand of meaning of being a real ”American“ 放不下了，后面还有，在下面的网站里。满意拿分
看看韦尔斯的《世界史纲》吧，那里面谈了人种、环境、语言等方面对文化的影响，刚好他又是欧洲人 应该很有参考价值吧 欧洲文化略分五个时期。一、古典时期( the Classic Age， 1200 BC～476 AD)主要是古希腊文明(the Ancient Greek Civilization)及古罗马文明(the Ancient Roman Civilization)。奉行的是异教徒的信仰和实(Paganism)。异教徒指非基督教徒，非犹太教徒，非伊斯兰教徒。理念上鲜有束缚，实践中享受人生，个性突出，热情奔放，创造力旺盛，风格多姿多彩。二、中世纪时期(the Middle Ages， 476～1453)主要是罗马天主教的教会文化(the Church Culture)，强调人的原罪(the original sin)，人性受到压抑(inhibited)，文化上是一泓死水(cultural backwater)。这一时期的主流是对古典时期的反动。反主流的代表人物是但丁( Alighier，Dante，l265～1321)，杰作是史诗《神曲》(Divine Comedy)。
我是外语学院的，我们经常搞这些，记得上铺写过这么一篇，给分吧，我晚上问问