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关于黄山的论文题目怎么写高中英语

发布时间:2024-08-28 10:09:28

关于黄山的论文题目怎么写高中英语

When we first arrived in Mount Huangshan, I felt it in four peaks The mountain together Qi, or steep male pulling, beautiful or Sitting in the sightseeing cable car look, both sides is bare precipitous rock faces and sheer cliffs, even a tree can not tolerate, fall to bump into the ravine, cliff, the cliff steep, let a person of weak, really dangerous!Then, we also see the light top, Buddha palm peak, shark eat, celestial basking boots Qifeng rocks, very In the evening, we live in the Mount Huangshan I looked at the bright moon, feel in front of Mount Huangshan, time and space become narrow, it only took the At this time, I know the "Mount Huangshan guilaibukan, five Yues return from the meaning of"

I am very glade to hear that you and your parents will come to M Here I give you some information to you。 Huangshan Mountain in east China's Anhui province is one of Chinas ten best-known scenic spots, It is characterized by the four wonders, namely, odd-shaped pines, grotesque rock formation, seas of clouds and crystal-clear hot Mount Huangshan is celebrated for having all the features of mountain Known as the N 1 Mountain Under heaven, it features numerous imposing peaks(77 exceed an altitude of 1,000m), forests of stone pillars and evergreen sturdy pines; other features include grotesquely-shaped rocks (many of which are individually named, such as "pig-headed monk eating water melon"), waterfalls, pools and hot Because of its mists and clouds, natural scenery in the area changes beyond Xu Xiake, a noted Chinese geologist and traveler in Ming Dynasty, praised Huangshan Mountain as the best of all Mount Huangshan was listed as one of the World Natural and Cultural Heritages in Mount Huangshan extends 40 kilometers from south to north and 30 kilometers from east to west, covering an area of 1200 square kilometers, the highlights of which occupy 154 square Huangshan Mountain is a marvel: within an area of 154 square kilometers there is a crowd of peaks, 72 of which have names indicating the shapes they Lotus, Brightness Top and Celestial Capital are the three major ones, all rising above 1,800 meters above sea The mountains are a body of granite, often with vertical Erosion and fracture contributed to shape the rocks into huge columns, giving rise to lofty peaks and deep When it is cloudy the pinnacles loom in mists as if they were illusionary, while the sun is shining they unfold in all their majesty and Huangshan Mountain change its color and appearance with the alternation of In spring blooming flowers decorate the slopes in a riot of color and fill the valleys with fragrance; in summer you see verdure peaks rising one upon another and hear springs gurgling Autumn dresses the mountains in red and purple as maples and some other trees are blazing-red; winter turns them into a world of frost and ice with silver boughs and rocks Here in Huangshan, pines and rocks are intimately involved with each other, almost every rock has a pine tree growing out of the crevice, and every tree has tortuous and gnarled roots and The still sea of snow-white cloud can suddenly begin to roll and toss, rise or fall, gather or disperse while the peaks emerge and disappear in the clouds like isles in the So from ancient times it has been frequented by tourists seeking their mystery and admiring their frequented by tourists seeking their mystery and admiring their They come to the conclusion that the fantastic pines, the grotesque rocks, the sea of clouds and the hot springs are the four major attractions of the Yellow M As a matter of fact there are marvels almost everywhere, especially in the following scenic areas: Wenquan (Hot Spring), Yupinglou (Jade Screen Tower), Xihai ( West Sea), Beihai (North Sea), Yungusi (Cloud Valley Temple) and Songgu'an (Pine Valley Nunnery) There is plentiful rainfall in Huangshan M Therefore there are thick Owing to the peculiar terrain, the Huangshan Mountain's climate is marked by a vertical change, and the vertical distribution of vegetation is also distinctive: plants on the summit, on the middle levels and at the foot belong to the frigid, temperate and subtropical zones There are more than 1500 species of plants, of which trees comprise one So the Huangshan Mountain occupy an important place in China's botanical Here you will find century-old pines, firs, ginkgoes, actinidia, Chinese torreyas and camphor woods, remnants of the glacial A number of trees are celebrated on account of their age, grotesque shape, or precipitously perched Mount Huangshan abound in flowering plants; many of them are rare ones, such as Huangshan Rhododendron, magnolia as well as azalea, camellia, plum, lily, orchid, and so It has a rich store of medicinal herbs; more than 300 kinds are found here; the notable ones being glossy ganoderma ginseng, Chinese gold thread rhizome and Chinese Maofeng tea of Huangshan is well known at home and Huangshan Mountains also provide the natural habitat for a wide variety of Among the animals there are monkeys, goats, deer, pangolin and There are rare birds such as the red-billed leiothrix, the silver pheasant, the octave-tone bird and the oriole, all good The red-billed leiothrix (called "love birds" in Chinese) are so lovely that they have become favorites of foreign tourists and are exported by Besides, chukkar(stone frog) from the streams is good to make delicious dishes M Huangshan's climate is mild and humid, neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter, the temperature is agreeable all the year round It is cool in summer, averaging 70 °F at the North Sea Area ( 1 ,630 meters above sea) and 80 °F at Hot Spring Area (630 meters above sea) in July (the hottest month) As clouds often shut out the sun, hot weather never stays long, and this makes Yellow Mountains an ideal summer MHuangshan lies in subtropical zones, so it's not quiet cold in winter, at least, not so cold as some people The temperature ranges from 25 °F to 40 °F, but it's enough to result in a fantastic snow scenery and a silver world with pines and precipitous peaks covered with snow and decorated with icicles Today M Huangshan has become a world-famous tourist With its convenient facilities: three cable lines, four three-star hotels on the top, all the paths paved with flat stones, it lures millions of visitors both from home and Seeing is Welcome to Mount H Next I will tell you how can you reach M First you can by air plane to Beijing then by air Flight CA1551 (19:00/21:00, Daily) or By train: K45 (11:45/07:33, Daily) Last welcome you and your parents to Have a goode trip!

中文:黄山凌晨的天空还是黑沉沉的,只有景区的灯光照亮了道路。当早晨五点我登上缆车时,夜色渐渐退去,东方逐渐露出了鱼肚白,缆车把我们从云谷寺送到了始信峰站。 走在上山的山道上,只见远处的群峰在清晨中朦朦胧胧、时隐时现,耳边闻到清脆的鸟鸣声,山上的新鲜的空气让人倍觉清新。虽然天空云层很厚,可已看到东方露出了霞光,只见东方厚厚的云层中一个火红的圆球正慢慢挣扎着云层的束缚而欲喷薄而出,天色变蓝,四周变的清晰起来,黄山群峰在晨曦中露出了格外秀丽和俊俏的真容。 沿山道往下走,路上只见黄山杜鹃花盛开,黄山杜鹃的花蕾是鲜红的,当开花后,花瓣变成粉红色,一株株的黄山杜鹃花在群山中显得格外娇媚。还有那散发出幽香的梨花和黄山苇毛樱花也开在那山峦之上,让人赏心悦目。更有那不知名的鸟跳跃在松树枝上,发出叽叽喳喳的叫声,仿佛在欢迎着远道而来的游客们。Eng: Huangshan early morning sky is still dark, and the only scenic spot lights illuminate the When the 5 o'clock I boarded the cable car, the night gradually receded, the East gradually exposed gray dawn, cable car was sent to us from the beginning of the letter Yungu Si Peak SWalking in the mountains of the Hill, we saw the distant peaks of the hazy in the morning, when hidden, at times, ear, smell the crisp sound of the birds, the fresh mountain air makes even greater Although the sky was thick cloud cover may have seen the East exposed Xiaguang saw thick clouds in the East of ared ball is slowly struggling to cloud the shackles and wish to gushing out of days, pale blue, surrounded by a clear change Huangshan peaks particularly in the morning revealed the true beauty and the handsome Hill Road to go down the road I saw azaleas in full bloom Huangshan, Huangshan Rhododendron bud is red, when flowering, the petals become pink, a Zhuzhu rhododendrons Huangshan mountains is extraordinarily Then there is emitting a delicate fragrance of pear and cherry Huangshan Mao Wei also opened in the mountains ontop of that, fun to More that an unknown bird vine jump in the pine, issued twitter cry, as if to welcome visitors from

Mount Huang lies in the south of Anhui P It is famous for its special scenery, especially for sunrises and a sea of You usually have to look up if you want to appreciate the magnificent view of But you have to look down if you'd like to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mount H The humid climate over Mount Huang is fit for the growth of tea trees, which makes it one of the main tea producing Mount Huang is rich in hot springs which would help prevent skin Mount Huang is one of the main tourist destinations and the most popular subject of photography and traditional national

关于黄山的论文题目怎么写初中英语

Of all the notable mountains in China, Mount Huangshan, to be found in the south of Anhui province, is probably the most Originally known as M Yishan it was renamed M Huangshan in 747 AD in recognition of the legendary Huang Di, who was the reputed ancestor of the Chinese people and who made magic pills for immortality Wu yue is the collective name given to China’s most important mountains, namely M Taishan in Shandong Province, M Huashan in Shaanxi Province, M Hengshan in Shanxi Province, M Songshan in Henan Province and M Hengshan in Hunan P It is said that you won’t want to visit any other mountains after seeing wu yue but you won’t wish to see even wu yue after returning from M H This saying may give you some idea of the beauty and uniqueness of M H Together with the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Great Wall, M Huangshan has become one of the great symbols of CM Huangshan can boast not only of its magnificence but also its abundant resources and great variety of zoological species, for which it has been listed as a World Natural and Cultural Heritage Site

f all the notable mountains in China, Mount Huangshan, to be found in the south of Anhui province, is probably the most Originally known as M Yishan it was renamed M Huangshan in 747 AD in recognition of the legendary Huang Di, who was the reputed ancestor of the Chinese people and who made magic pills for immortality Wu yue is the collective name given to China's most important mountains, namely M Taishan in Shandong Province, M Huashan in Shaanxi Province, M Hengshan in Shanxi Province, M Songshan in Henan Province and M Hengshan in Hunan P It is said that you won't want to visit any other mountains after seeing wu yue but you won't wish to see even wu yue after returning from M H This saying may give you some idea of the beauty and uniqueness of M H Together with the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Great Wall, M Huangshan has become one of the great symbols of C M Huangshan can boast not only of its magnificence but also its abundant resources and great variety of zoological species, for which it has been listed as a World Natural and Cultural Heritage S

黄山英语作文My trip to Mount Huangshan"Five Yues return not to see mountain, Mount Huangshanreturn not to see yue"This is not So, this summer I went to Mount HMount Huangshan is full of old pines, beyond Like Wolong, like the black Qi song list, Another characteristic of Mount Huangshan scenery isQifeng rocks People according to their morphology, and write their names, such as: "immortal","dream of being a successful writer"I'm enjoying these rocks, suddenly, a hanging in the cliffstone reflected as my This stone is a stone of Godcoming from a distance, known as the "flying stone"Mount Huangshan sea is more beautiful, white clouds in the valley over surging, like the waves of the Mount Huangshan Turquoise cloud is not isolated, they constitute a picture not scroll, scroll painting is natural, so that I am not willing to

I am very glade to hear that you and your parents will come to M Here I give you some information to you。 Huangshan Mountain in east China's Anhui province is one of Chinas ten best-known scenic spots, It is characterized by the four wonders, namely, odd-shaped pines, grotesque rock formation, seas of clouds and crystal-clear hot Mount Huangshan is celebrated for having all the features of mountain Known as the N 1 Mountain Under heaven, it features numerous imposing peaks(77 exceed an altitude of 1,000m), forests of stone pillars and evergreen sturdy pines; other features include grotesquely-shaped rocks (many of which are individually named, such as "pig-headed monk eating water melon"), waterfalls, pools and hot Because of its mists and clouds, natural scenery in the area changes beyond Xu Xiake, a noted Chinese geologist and traveler in Ming Dynasty, praised Huangshan Mountain as the best of all Mount Huangshan was listed as one of the World Natural and Cultural Heritages in Mount Huangshan extends 40 kilometers from south to north and 30 kilometers from east to west, covering an area of 1200 square kilometers, the highlights of which occupy 154 square Huangshan Mountain is a marvel: within an area of 154 square kilometers there is a crowd of peaks, 72 of which have names indicating the shapes they Lotus, Brightness Top and Celestial Capital are the three major ones, all rising above 1,800 meters above sea The mountains are a body of granite, often with vertical Erosion and fracture contributed to shape the rocks into huge columns, giving rise to lofty peaks and deep When it is cloudy the pinnacles loom in mists as if they were illusionary, while the sun is shining they unfold in all their majesty and Huangshan Mountain change its color and appearance with the alternation of In spring blooming flowers decorate the slopes in a riot of color and fill the valleys with fragrance; in summer you see verdure peaks rising one upon another and hear springs gurgling Autumn dresses the mountains in red and purple as maples and some other trees are blazing-red; winter turns them into a world of frost and ice with silver boughs and rocks Here in Huangshan, pines and rocks are intimately involved with each other, almost every rock has a pine tree growing out of the crevice, and every tree has tortuous and gnarled roots and The still sea of snow-white cloud can suddenly begin to roll and toss, rise or fall, gather or disperse while the peaks emerge and disappear in the clouds like isles in the So from ancient times it has been frequented by tourists seeking their mystery and admiring their frequented by tourists seeking their mystery and admiring their They come to the conclusion that the fantastic pines, the grotesque rocks, the sea of clouds and the hot springs are the four major attractions of the Yellow M As a matter of fact there are marvels almost everywhere, especially in the following scenic areas: Wenquan (Hot Spring), Yupinglou (Jade Screen Tower), Xihai ( West Sea), Beihai (North Sea), Yungusi (Cloud Valley Temple) and Songgu'an (Pine Valley Nunnery) There is plentiful rainfall in Huangshan M Therefore there are thick Owing to the peculiar terrain, the Huangshan Mountain's climate is marked by a vertical change, and the vertical distribution of vegetation is also distinctive: plants on the summit, on the middle levels and at the foot belong to the frigid, temperate and subtropical zones There are more than 1500 species of plants, of which trees comprise one So the Huangshan Mountain occupy an important place in China's botanical Here you will find century-old pines, firs, ginkgoes, actinidia, Chinese torreyas and camphor woods, remnants of the glacial A number of trees are celebrated on account of their age, grotesque shape, or precipitously perched Mount Huangshan abound in flowering plants; many of them are rare ones, such as Huangshan Rhododendron, magnolia as well as azalea, camellia, plum, lily, orchid, and so It has a rich store of medicinal herbs; more than 300 kinds are found here; the notable ones being glossy ganoderma ginseng, Chinese gold thread rhizome and Chinese Maofeng tea of Huangshan is well known at home and Huangshan Mountains also provide the natural habitat for a wide variety of Among the animals there are monkeys, goats, deer, pangolin and There are rare birds such as the red-billed leiothrix, the silver pheasant, the octave-tone bird and the oriole, all good The red-billed leiothrix (called "love birds" in Chinese) are so lovely that they have become favorites of foreign tourists and are exported by Besides, chukkar(stone frog) from the streams is good to make delicious dishes M Huangshan's climate is mild and humid, neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter, the temperature is agreeable all the year round It is cool in summer, averaging 70 °F at the North Sea Area ( 1 ,630 meters above sea) and 80 °F at Hot Spring Area (630 meters above sea) in July (the hottest month) As clouds often shut out the sun, hot weather never stays long, and this makes Yellow Mountains an ideal summer MHuangshan lies in subtropical zones, so it's not quiet cold in winter, at least, not so cold as some people The temperature ranges from 25 °F to 40 °F, but it's enough to result in a fantastic snow scenery and a silver world with pines and precipitous peaks covered with snow and decorated with icicles Today M Huangshan has become a world-famous tourist With its convenient facilities: three cable lines, four three-star hotels on the top, all the paths paved with flat stones, it lures millions of visitors both from home and Seeing is Welcome to Mount H Next I will tell you how can you reach M First you can by air plane to Beijing then by air Flight CA1551 (19:00/21:00, Daily) or By train: K45 (11:45/07:33, Daily) Last welcome you and your parents to Have a goode trip!

关于黄山的论文题目大全高中英语

Huangshan is one of my top ten scenic spot, she is located in southern anhui province domestic huangshan city, huangshan filled with her around the sea is known as the first one strange mountain the laudatory name, because her loose in strange strange hot spring four off sea is well known in the Four who's in the huangshan is loose, various forms and appearance condition some or left standing, or inclined out, or crooked; Or Yang, or prone, or lie; Some lush, some weathered, and coarse as iron column Among them, the most striking is the phoenix loose she grew up in a precipice, the perennial survival in poor conditions, forming the unique form; Especially the black tiger loose, he tall, vigorous, HuQi Lin Lin, is awe-inspiring appearanceHuangshan is world-famous tourist resort, here's the peak loose clouds hot spring, it's really a natural wonder 手打望采纳。谢谢

The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China It lies in the south of Anhui Every year thousands of Chinese and foreigners pay a visit there It's not far from here It takes you about three hours to get there by bus You can also go there by train or by plane While you are climbing the mountain ,you can enjoy the sea of clouds ,wondrous pines and unique rocks around you In the early morning when the sun rises ,the sky looks very beautiful It's really a nice place to visit

Mount Huang lies in the south of Anhui P It is famous for its special scenery, especially for sunrises and a sea of You usually have to look up if you want to appreciate the magnificent view of But you have to look down if you'd like to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mount H The humid climate over Mount Huang is fit for the growth of tea trees, which makes it one of the main tea producing Mount Huang is rich in hot springs which would help prevent skin Mount Huang is one of the main tourist destinations and the most popular subject of photography and traditional national

黄山是我国十大风景名胜区之一,她坐落在安徽省南部黄山市境内,黄山四周弥漫着云海。她被誉为“天下第一奇山”的美称,因为她以奇松、怪石、云海、温泉“四绝”闻名于世。 黄山“四绝”中的奇松,形态各异,千姿百态。有的或屹立,或斜出,或弯曲;或仰,或俯,或卧;有的郁郁葱葱,有的饱经风霜,还有的粗如铁柱······(省略号)其中,最引人注目的是凤凰松。她生长在悬崖峭壁上,常年生存在恶劣的环境下,形成了独特的形态;特别是黑虎松,他高大苍劲,虎气凛凛,很威风的样子。 黄山“四绝”中的怪石,形态千奇百怪、形象逼真。有的像凶猛残暴的野兽,有的向活泼开朗的小男孩,还有的像顽皮可爱的小鸟······(省略号)苏轼曾经写过一句话“横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同。”黄山石“怪”就怪在从不同的位置看,就有不同的形状。他们惟妙惟肖、千奇百怪,形成了“一绝”的情景,构成了一幅幅天然的山石画卷。 黄山不仅有怪石,还有著名的云海,云海瑰丽壮观,有植物状的,有动物状的,还有物体状的······(省略号)其中最引人入胜的是那海浪状的云海。一阵微风拂过,这群云海便波涛滚滚、奔涌如潮、浩浩荡荡的;特别是飞流直泻的云雾,白浪排空、惊涛拍岸。看着这些壮观的景象,仿佛来到了人间仙境之中。黄山“四绝”之一的温泉——(破折号)朱砂泉,泉水质以含重碳酸为主,对消化、精神、心血管、皮肤病均有一定的治疗效果。 黄山是举世闻名的旅游胜地,这里的奇松、怪石、云海、温泉,真是大自然的鬼斧神工的“杰作”啊! 参考资料:参考资料:我自己写的,被老师评为优等作文,希望能被采纳。

关于黄山的论文题目怎么写高中

西湖论文没有西湖就没有杭州。白(居易)堤苏(东坡)堤,还有几近湮没不为人知的杨(孟瑛)公堤,使为民生治理西湖的人流芳百世…… 西湖原是一个海湾,由海湾而演化成为一个泻湖,由泻湖而形成一个普通湖泊。关于这个过程,前辈学者已经早有论述,并由一九七五年的钻孔证实了西湖底部的海相沉积。为此,西湖的上述发展过程,已经毋需再论,值得继续探讨的是,从海湾、泻海而至于湖泊以后,自然发展的过程并不就此结束。对于一个天然湖泊,因为注入这个湖泊的河流的泥沙冲积,在地质循环和生物循环的过程,必然要发展泥沙淤淀、葑草蔓生而使湖底不断变浅的现象,而最终由湖泊而沼泽,由沼泽而平陆,这就是湖泊的沼泽化的过程。但西湖从其成湖之日起直到今日,仍然一湖碧水,这当然是由于它的沼泽化过程受到了人为遏制的结果。也就是竺可桢在他的《杭州西湖生成的原因》一文中所说的“人定胜天”。为此,历史时期人为活动对于西湖的影响很有讨论价值。特别还要看到达这个地区,许多古代湖泊,如余杭的南下湖、萧山的临浦、绍兴的鉴湖、宁波的广德湖等,它们的面积,有的比西湖大至数十倍,但都循着沼泽化的发展规律,最后遭到人为的围垦而淹废。即在西湖附近,也有不少古代湖泊,如北面与西湖相连的下湖以及临平湖、诏息湖和尚有争论的明圣湖等等,也都循着沼泽化的过程先后淹废。对比之下,何以西湖能够众废独存?此中因果,也很值得分析研究。 西湖原是个天然湖泊,在其发展的过程中,假使社会条件没有特殊的变化,则必然与这个地区的所有湖泊一样,由其本身的沼泽化过程,加上日益强烈的人为活动的影响而淹废,这是不庸置疑的。西湖是钱唐县境内的一个湖泊,所以称为钱唐湖(从唐朝开始,“钱唐”改为“钱塘”),又因为在它的北部还有一个与它连接的湖泊,水位比它低,称为下湖,故西湖又相应称为上湖。钱唐县是秦会稽郡二十六县之一,其位置据刘宋县令刘道真所撰的《钱唐记》一书中所说“县在灵隐山下”,当在今西湖群山之中。当时,钱唐湖在县境东部,自然绝无西湖之名。假使钱唐县的地理位置长期不变,稳定在西湖群山之中。也就是说,这个湖泊一直以钱唐湖为名,则它必然如同这个地区的其他许多湖泊一样,早已淹废成为农田。 西湖之所以能够众废独存,从地名上说,恰恰是因为它最后能冠上西湖这个名称。西湖这个名称的获得,则是钱唐县的历史发展与地理位置变迁的结果。为此必须首先把钱唐县的发展稍加探索。秦钱唐县之所以不建立在土地广阔的平原地带,却要局促到狭隘的崎岖的西湖群山之中,这当然是因为平原地带当时尚无堤塘,潮汐直薄,土地斥卤。也就是刘道真在《钱唐记》中所说的“昔一境逼近江流”。在这样的地方,当时连饮水与燃料等基本生活问题都无法解决,更不必再说垦殖土地,发展生产了。但是,时日推移,随着生产力的发展与人口的增长,水土资源丰富的平原地区,毕竟具有很大的吸引力。因此,到了后汉,这里就开始修建了“防海大塘”。假使当时县境仍在西湖群山之中,则修塘就并非必要。在古代技术条件甚低的情况下,要修建如此一条堤塘,正是说明人们对平原已经垦殖利用,修塘已经成为当务之急,也说明后汉的钱唐县治有可能迁入平原。即使后汉钱唐县是否已经迁入平原的问题尚缺乏佐证,南北朝初期的钱唐县可以肯定已在平原地区,因为刘道真在《钱唐记》中已经明白写出:“防海大塘在县东一里许。”这个“县”是后汉钱唐县当然还可商榷,但它是刘宋的钱唐县却是无可置疑的了。假使当时县治仍在秦代的西湖群山之中,或者按照一般的解释,在今灵隐寺附近一带,则向东一里许,绝对到不了与修防海大塘的江边或海边,这说明刘宋钱唐县必已进入平原,只是由于记载不详,故其具体位置,现在不得而知。 可以设想,自从秦在西湖群山中设置钱唐县以来,历两汉、三国、两晋和南北朝,县治可能早已迁离山区,逐渐进入平原。但后世明确知道秦以后的钱唐县治所在,却晚至公元六世纪后期的隋代。隋文帝开皇十一年(五九一),钱唐县治移到凤凰山麓的柳浦,在行政等级上并且升为杭州的州治。这就是说,城市中心已经迁移到今江干一带。按地理位置,西湖位于这个城市中心的偏北地区。当然仍无西湖之名,而西湖以东的今市区中心,当时也仍然荒芜尽管秦钱唐县治逐渐迁入平原的路径今天还不清楚,但从隋代州治建于今江干一带这个事实中可以得到启发,即迁移的路线是循着今钱塘江北岸地带进行的。县治为什么只沿着钱塘江边平原比较狭隘的地带移动而不进入西湖以东即今市区中心所在的广阔地带,这是因为按照当时的自然条件,前者还比后者优越得多的缘故。县治沿江边移动,显然是依靠着从今白塔岭到凤凰山这条沿江分布的山麓线的。在这条山麓线上,地理形势是南临江海,北负山丘,它既能发挥平原的地利,却仍并不远离山区。这一带,山坡和山麓的高燥地带,可以建立宫室和聚落,而在燃料和饮水方面都不虞匮乏。山麓以南的沿江平原,由于当时钱塘江自南大门出海,今江干一带的江岸偏南,比目前广阔,可以垦殖发展农业。相反,今西以东地区,地形低洼,土地斥卤,又缺乏可以作为立足点的丘陵冈阜,在当时的技术条件下要建立城市,显然相当困难。 但是事物总是不断发展的。隋初把钱唐县升为杭州州治,特别是接着而来的江南运河在公元七世纪初的开凿,从此,杭州到中原,有了直达的水路交通。杭州成为江南运河的终点,又是运河与钱塘江的交汇处,而作为州治的柳浦,恰恰又是南渡去会稽的要津。这样,杭州就是一跃而成为一个商业城市,因而得到了迅速的发展。这就是《隋书·地理志》所描述的:“川泽沃衍,有海陆之饶,珍异所聚,故商贾并凑。”当时,今江干一带的繁荣状况可以想见。而这个地区的土地毕竟并不广阔,人满之患,也就不可避免。在这样的情况下,作为城市的外围,聚落开始向西湖以东的今市区扩展,也就势所必然。当时,在西湖以东建立聚落,首先面临的问题就是给水。在整片斥卤的土地上,井水和河水都是咸水,这就使得初期建立在这里的聚落不得不紧靠西湖,否则,供水就是一个严惩的困难。可以设想,今市区范围内,从紧靠湖边的聚落出现开始,直到市区逐步扩展,由于给水问题的难以解决,必然经历了较长的时间。而在这段时间中,由于商业发达,户口增加,西湖以东的广阔地区,聚落渐增,生齿日繁,对解决给水问题愈来愈感迫切。这才促使唐大历年间(七六六——七七九)所谓“六井”的出现。 以上只是略述了从秦钱唐县到隋迁钱唐县至柳浦并升作州治的过程,还没有涉及西湖的事。也正是因为在这段历史的过程中西湖在杭州尚不足轻重,所以史籍极少记载。隋建州治于柳浦,杭州开始迅速发展,唐朝初年,杭州的户口已经超过十万,聚落与居民势所必然地要向今市区移动。这样,城市开始与西湖发生关系,出现了西湖为城市解决给水的详细记载,这就是刺史李泌修建的著名的“六井”。所谓六井,其实不过是六处蓄水池,蓄水用瓦管或竹筒从西湖引来。从六井的分布来看,它们离西湖都并不很远,这反映了当时这个地区聚落街市分布的大体范围。当然,它为城市的进一步扩大创造了条件。虽然是小小的六处蓄水池,它们所分出的水量只占西湖总水量的一个微不足道的数值,但其意义却十分巨大,从以后的发展中可以证明,它几乎成为西湖能够免遭淹废的决定力量。因为从六井开始,西湖就成为杭州城市的不可分割的部分,西湖以它的一湖甘水促进了城市的扩大与发展,而城市的不断发展,反过来巩固了西湖的存在,有效地阻止了西湖沼泽化的过程。 西湖的沼泽化过程实际上是相当迅速的,长庆二年(八二二),当诗人白居易到杭州作刺史时距李泌修六井不过五十年左右,但湖中已经出现了葑田数十顷。白居易充分明白西湖对于杭州城市的重要性,于是他主持疏浚了西湖,并疏通了六井的阻窦,使之恢复充沛。为了增加西湖的蓄水量,白居易在石函桥附近即少年宫一带修筑湖堤,比原来的湖岸高出数尺。这里原是上湖和下源的连接之处,西湖水位本来高于下湖,白居易这一筑堤,造成了上下湖水位的更大差距。尽管下湖早已淹废,但这种人为的地形差距,从今少年宫附近西湖湖岸北至少年水电站和东至环城西路这两个方向上,还都明显地存在。白居易在九世纪初期的这一次修筑湖堤,对西湖的发展来说是划时代的,因为从此以后,西湖的性质已经改变,它已经从一个天然湖泊演变成一个人工湖泊了。 这里需要述几句的是,历史地理学者常常重视地名在历史上的演变,习惯于用某一时代的地名称呼当时的地理事物。从历史地理学的角度来说,这样做是科学的。因此,对于有关西湖名称及其湖泊的性质,就必须作如下的说明:西湖在其海湾和泻湖时代,由于没有历史记载,所以没有留下名称。西湖作为一个天然湖泊,它的名称应该是钱唐湖(唐朝起作钱塘湖)、上湖或者是另一个尚有争论的明圣湖。西湖一名,正如以下还要提及的,在官方文件中始见于北宋,民间何时开始流传则不得而知。但是西湖因白居易的筑堤而改变了湖性,而白居易仍称此湖为钱塘湖。因此,可以肯定,当西湖这个名称流行之时,西湖早已是一个人工湖泊了。所以今天我们说西湖是人工湖泊,按照历史地理学与地名学的角度,都是正确的。这正是竺可桢所说的“人定胜天”。 当然,人工湖泊同样存在沼泽化的过程。上述余杭的南下湖、萧山的临浦、绍兴的鉴湖和宁汉的广德湖等,都是在天然洼地上经过人工围堤筑塘而形成的人工湖泊,它们都在一个或长或短的时间里先后淹废。西湖成为人工湖泊后,沼泽化的速度也相当可观。在白居易浚湖以后不到一百年,西湖又被葑草蔓合,湖底淤浅,面积缩小。当时,杭州是五代十国的吴越国的首都,为了西湖的深广和六井的弃沛,吴越国王钱镠因此建立了一支一千人的专职疏浚队,称为“撩湖兵”,日以继夜地从事疏浚,才有效地阻制了西湖的淤浅,并且畅通了六井。在吴越国的八十余年中,杭州城市得到了较大的扩展,西湖也获得了较好的整治,城市与西湖的这种唇龄相依的关系,较之前代更为明显。 吴越国时代对西湖的整治,无疑大大地延缓了西湖沼泽化的过程,但当然并不是改变了自然发展的规律,湖泊的淤浅仍然是日积月累毫不休止的过程。北宋以后,杭州的许多贤牧良守,都把疏浚西湖、畅通六井作为施政的重要任务。例如景德四年(一零零七)的知州王济,他不仅疏浚了全湖,并且修建了西湖的闸堰设备。接着是宋仁守时代(一零二三——一零六三)的知州郑戬和沈遘,前者动用了上万民工,斥废湖中葑田,进行了大规模的疏浚;后者则为了增加城市居民与日俱增的用水需要,在六井之外,添设了一处供水量特大的新井,即后人所称的沈公井,特别值得黎道的是苏轼。他于熙宁二年(一零六九)第一次来杭州任通判之职,到任之初,他就悉心研究西湖水利,探索畅通六井和沈公井的方案。他于熙宁五年(一零七二)(注应为七年)卸任离杭,但就是在这一年,知州陈襄对六井进行了一次很有成效的修理,这无疑就是苏轼悉心研究的成果。元佑元年(一零八六)(注应为四年)他第二次来杭州任知州之职,虽然相隔不过十六年,但西湖的沼泽化速度在这段时期中确实是很惊人的。根据苏轼的观察,对比他十六年前离杭时的情况。他说:“熙宁中,臣通判本州,湖之葑合者,盖十二三耳;而今者十六、七年之间,遂塞其半。父老皆言,十年以来,水浅葑横,如云翳空,倏忽便满,更二十年,无西湖矣。”面临着这样的严重的威胁,苏轼立即着手制订疏浚西湖的方案,向朝廷上了《乞开杭州西湖状》的奏章。顺便指出,这个奏章是官方文件中第一次使用“西湖”这个名称,说明杭州城市已经整个地建立在西湖以东,西湖之名已经普遍流行了。苏轼在这个文件中,说明了西湖必须疏浚的许多道理,其中最重要的一条说:“唐李泌始引湖水作六井,然后民足于水,邑日富,百万生聚待此而后食。今湖狭水浅,六井渐坏,若二十年之后尽为葑田,则举城之人复饮咸苦,势必耗散。”这条道理把西湖的存在与杭州城市的发展紧密联系起来,假使西湖淹废,杭州居民势必耗散,城市当然也就不复存在了。从苏轼的这段话里,可以反证我在前面的论述,六井的修建,开始无非是引西湖之水供应沿湖聚落居民,但其结果却成为西湖本身继续存在的关键。苏轼主持的这次疏浚工程是规模空前的,他拆毁湖中私围的葑田,全湖进行了挖深,把挖掘出来的大量葑泥在湖中偏西处筑成了一条沟通南北的长堤,又在全湖最深处即今湖心亭一带建立石塔三座,禁止在此范围内养殖菱藕以防湖底的淤浅。同时,他又修复当时已经逐渐淤塞的六井和沈公井,用瓦筒取代竹管,并盛以石槽,使底盖紧密,经久耐用,并且还利用多余的水量在仁和门外离井最远处新建二井,于是“西湖甘水,殆遍一城”,进一步密切了西湖与杭州城市的不可分割的关系。此外,他又在西湖和纵贯城市南北的盐桥运河专受湖水,不受江潮的干扰,达到了潮不入市的目的,并且疏浚这条运河,使之深达八尺。于是不仅河道畅通,沿河斥卤得到改变,而河水又可为居民所取用。这样,就使这个日益扩展的杭州城市对西湖的依赖关系发展到了顶点,为西湖的立于不废之地建立了牢固的基础。 到了南宋,杭州成为国家的首都,从十二世纪三十年代到十三世纪七十年代,长达一百五十年之久。城市人口骤然增加,乾道年代(一一六五——一一七三)增加到五十余万人,到了南宋末期而超过百万。城市随着迅速扩大,市面繁荣,商业发达,成为当时全国第一大城市。这在至今尚存的《繁胜录》、《都城纪胜》、《梦梁录》等南宋著作中都有详细记载,不必赘述。当时,这个庞大城市的基本供应来源是“南柴、北米、东菜、西水”,西湖仍是杭州的唯一水源。而且首都城内的河流如大河(盐桥运河)、小河(市河)和西湖(清湖河)等,也都由西湖供水,西湖成为百万人口的命脉所系,所以在南宋一代,对西湖的整治,确是不遗余力的。特别是还应该指出,南宋一代,西湖除了作为首都百万生灵的蓄水库的职能外,随着杭州城市职能的变化(全国政治、经济、文化中心),西湖又增加了它的一项新的重要职能——旅游业。 南宋以前,西湖除了它的天然胜景外,湖山之间的人工雕琢是不多的。在吴越国建都的八十多年中,虽然也不无建设,但内容限于寺院、浮屠等佛教艺术。南宋一代中,由于这里是首都所在,举凡王室、官臣、城市富商等等,都竞向西湖从事宅院、园苑、亭台楼阁等各种建筑,大型的娱乐场所如钱湖门瓦子、赤山瓦子、行春桥瓦子等,也都在湖山各处开始营业。西湖被迅速地开辟成为一个风景区,这个风景区的总体布局即是别具一格的“山外青山楼外楼”,这种风格一直保持到现在。事实上,在这个庞大的首都之中,上至官家豪富,下至市井庶民,都需要有这样一个供人游憩的大公园。从此,西湖就成为杭州城市的一个不可分割的部分了。 如上所述,西湖是这样地以它的一湖甘水扶植了杭州城市,反过来又因杭州城市的发展而有效地阻遏了它的沼泽化过程使之继续存在。南宋以后直到明朝前叶的二百多年中,由于长期失修,使西湖发生了近五百年来的一次最大淤浅,苏堤以西,葑田连片,六桥流水如线。但是,由于西湖和杭州城市的唇齿相依的关系已经深入人心,为朝野所公认,所以尽管盗湖为田的人多为权贵,但知府杨孟瑛仍能排除阻难,于正德三年(一五零八)拆毁葑田三千余亩,疏浚全湖,使复唐宋之旧。在杨孟瑛上朝廷的奏疏中,最重要的仍然是:“唐宋以来,城中之井,皆藉湖水充之……若西湖占塞,水脉不通,则一城将复卤饮矣。”就数这一条最有力量。从苏轼到杨孟瑛,西湖始终以它自己的一湖甘水保存了自己。 本文在开始时就已经指出,在这个地区的大量古代湖泊中,西湖是一个废独存的例子。我们不妨举一些这个地区的其他人工湖为例:余杭的南下湖,兴建于后汉,淹废于北宋;萧山的临浦和渔浦,兴建于南北朝,淹废于北宋;绍兴的鉴湖,兴建于后汉,淹废于南宋;宁波的广德湖,兴建于唐代,淹废于北宋。淹废较晚的还算富阳的阳陂湖,它兴建于唐初,淹废于明初。所有这些湖泊,都曾经在当地的农田水利中起过重要作用,但其本身却在沼泽化的过程中,最后被围垦而成为农田。这些湖泊淹废之后,由于各地在农田水利上随即又进行了新的部署,因此,总的说来,在农业上都未曾出现不可克服的困难,而围垦所得的土地都甚为可观。以绍兴鉴湖为例,围垦的结果,获得了肥沃的湖田二千多顷,使山会平原增加了四分之一的耕地面积,而今天,古代鉴湖地区土地平整,河渠纵横,大面积的耕地都能旱涝保收,稳产高产。因此,本文拿这些湖泊的淹废与西湖进行对比,并无因西湖的独存而惋惜这些湖泊淹废的意思,由于地点不同,条件迥异,上述湖泊的淹废,从历史上各该地区农业发展的过程看来,也都具有不同程度的积极意义。当然,西湖的众废独存,较之上述湖泊的淹废就具有更为巨大的意义。因为上述湖泊的淹废,只是增加了各地的耕地,发展了各地农业;而西湖的独存,却为我们创造这样一个举世闻名的花园城市。 缅怀杭州的先贤,为了延缓西湖的沼泽化,曾经作出了巨大的努力。时至今日,西湖已经成为杭州这个有远大发展前途的现代化旅游城市的不可分割的部分。尽管广大市民早已不再在给水上依赖西湖,但湖山在旅游上给予人们的贡献,将远远超过历史时期给予城市的供水。从今天的技术条件来看,要防止西湖的沼泽化发展已经比较容易,事实上,建国以来,西湖的平均深度不过五十五厘米;而现在,这个数字几乎增加了两倍。此外,在道路敷设、园林布置等许多方面,也都取得了较大的成绩。但是,与古代人民在当时的社会制度和技术条件下对西湖进行的整治相比,我们今天所取得的成绩实在还并不满意。当然,在今天的社会制度和技术条件下,我们既不忧湖底淤泥,也无虑葑田连片。但是,现代社会有现代社会的问题,例如,西湖环境保护的问题,特别是西湖湖水负营养化的问题,至今已成当务之急。建国以前,湖底虽浅,而浅水的透明度在零点五米以上,清流见底;但现在已经降低到零点三米,影响了湖光山色之美。水质当然也不能与过去相比。北宋苏轼浚湖的时代,用湖水酿造官酒盛极一时,朝廷每年可得西湖酒税二十万缗。

草,还真有人回答啊,早知道我也百度了

见过的最好的旅游网站 直客交易交友社区 旅游爱好者旅行前必去的站点。希望对你有所帮助。。。参考资料:

登黄山、黄山游记、黄山美景 ……

关于黄山的论文题目大全初中英语

Huangshan is one of my top ten scenic spot, she is located in southern anhui province domestic huangshan city, huangshan filled with her around the sea is known as the first one strange mountain the laudatory name, because her loose in strange strange hot spring four off sea is well known in the Four who's in the huangshan is loose, various forms and appearance condition some or left standing, or inclined out, or crooked; Or Yang, or prone, or lie; Some lush, some weathered, and coarse as iron column Among them, the most striking is the phoenix loose she grew up in a precipice, the perennial survival in poor conditions, forming the unique form; Especially the black tiger loose, he tall, vigorous, HuQi Lin Lin, is awe-inspiring appearanceHuangshan is world-famous tourist resort, here's the peak loose clouds hot spring, it's really a natural wonder 手打望采纳。谢谢

f all the notable mountains in China, Mount Huangshan, to be found in the south of Anhui province, is probably the most Originally known as M Yishan it was renamed M Huangshan in 747 AD in recognition of the legendary Huang Di, who was the reputed ancestor of the Chinese people and who made magic pills for immortality Wu yue is the collective name given to China's most important mountains, namely M Taishan in Shandong Province, M Huashan in Shaanxi Province, M Hengshan in Shanxi Province, M Songshan in Henan Province and M Hengshan in Hunan P It is said that you won't want to visit any other mountains after seeing wu yue but you won't wish to see even wu yue after returning from M H This saying may give you some idea of the beauty and uniqueness of M H Together with the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Great Wall, M Huangshan has become one of the great symbols of C M Huangshan can boast not only of its magnificence but also its abundant resources and great variety of zoological species, for which it has been listed as a World Natural and Cultural Heritage S

Mount Huang lies in the south of Anhui P It is famous for its special scenery, especially for sunrises and a sea of You usually have to look up if you want to appreciate the magnificent view of But you have to look down if you'd like to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mount H The humid climate over Mount Huang is fit for the growth of tea trees, which makes it one of the main tea producing Mount Huang is rich in hot springs which would help prevent skin Mount Huang is one of the main tourist destinations and the most popular subject of photography and traditional national

Huangshan City is the List of National Parks of China of our It is famous for its wonderful Pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds, hot springs and winter 翻译是黄山是我国的风景名胜区,以奇松、怪石、云海、温泉、冬雪著称。

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