写小说发表论文有用吗
小说的定义 小说是文学体裁四分法中的一大样式。它是通过塑造人物、叙述故事、描写环境来反映生活、表达思想的一种文学体裁。 小说有三个要素：人物形象、故事情节、环境（自然环境和社会环境）。小说反映社会生活的主要手段是塑造人物形象。小说中的人物，我们称为典型人物；这个人物是作者根据现实生活创作出来的，“杂取种种，合成一个”，通过这样典型的人物形象反映生活，更集中、更普遍的代表性。小说塑造人物的手段可以是概括介绍，可以是具体的描写，可以写人物的外貌，也可以刻画人物的心理活动；既可以人物的行动对话，也可以适当插入作者的议论；既可以正面起笔，也可以侧面烘托。小说主要是通过故事情节来展现人物性格、表现中心的。故事来源于生活，但它通过整理、提炼和安排，就比现时生活中发生的真事更集中，更完整，更具有代表性。小说的环境描写和人物的塑造与中心思想有极其重要的关系。在环境描写中，社会环境是重点，它揭示了种种复杂的社会关系，如人物的身份、地位、成长的历史背景等等。自然环境包括人物活动的地点、时间、季节、气候以及景物等等。自然环境描写对表达人物的心情、渲染气氛都有不少的作用。 简单地说，小说就是以塑造人物形象为中心，通过故事情节的叙述和环境的描写反映社会生活。 一种叙事性的文学体裁，通过人物的塑造和情节、环境的描述来概括地表现社会生活和矛盾。按篇幅可分为长篇小说、中篇小说、短篇小说和小小说（微型小说）。小说的特点 “虚构性”，是小说的本质。“捕捉人物生活的感觉经验”，是小说竭力要挖掘的艺术内容，其感觉经验愈是新鲜、细微、独特、准确、深刻，就愈是小说化。“虚构性”与“捕捉人物生活的感觉经验”，是上述要素中最能体现小说性质的东西。小说塑造人物，可以以某一真人为模特儿，综合其他人的一些事迹，如鲁迅所说：“人物的模特儿，没有专用过一个人，往往嘴在浙江，脸在北京，衣服在山西，是一个拼凑起来的角色。”任何一部优秀的小说，总有使人难忘的典型人物。人们可以通过这些艺术典型的镜子，看到、理解许多人的面目。故事情节来源于生活，它是现实生活的提炼，它比现实生活更集中，更有代表性。现实生活中的事件和矛盾是有始有终，有起有伏，并有一定发展过程的，因而小说情节的展开，也是有段落，有过程的。这个过程一般分为开端、发展、高潮、结局四个部分。有时还有序幕和尾声。在作品中，情节的安排决定于作者的艺术构思，并不一定按照现实生活中的事件发生、发展的自然顺序，有时可以省略某一部分，有时也可颠倒或交错。 小说与作文一样，也注重描写和选材。一部好的小说就总能让人身临其境，而不像科学报告那样枯燥。作者总是能以优美的文笔、生动的描写和不可思议的想象把这个故事牢牢地刻印在读者的脑海里。以上说的是传统小说的一些特点。 学术论文就是用来进行科学研究和描述科研成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行科学研究的一种手段，又是描述科研成果进行学术交流的一种工具
写文章也能赚钱，一篇至少400~600，多平台投稿你敢挑战吗？
写小说类似于讲故事，而写论文主要是证明的你的观点，后者较重学术性。关于如何写小说，这里给点建议，权作参考：（1）平时多试着和别人讲故事，口头表达好了，书面表达会更好。（2）多看西方现代小说，学习表达技巧。（3）注意观察生活，多多思考。（4）多看中国古典文学，里面有大量营养。（5）最后，如果自己有博客什么的，平时写写随笔，日记什么的，对小说的创作也会有帮助。
个人认为如果是自己写的小说，80%机率是的，但很难说，要看查重那数据库的尿性，有时你写完全不一样的东西，可是那段有一半以上的字和某文章某段有相同就重复了。我写的就这样，除非你写的题材或者内容很偏，基本没人写过。
论文发表网站写小说有用吗
你想写长篇还是短篇？长篇建议在网络上连载，短篇建议投稿给杂志。这两者本质上的区别第一是受众不同，传统纸质媒介已经衰落了，受众相对较小，网络上的受众更大，竞争压力也更大。第二个是杂志社回报周期短，投稿过了就有钱拿，中文网的回报则是按照订阅人数和更新字数算的，收益的浮动大，压力也很大。希望你能根据自己的情况考虑清楚后做决定，如果对你有帮助的话，望采纳。
投杂志不一定会过稿，过稿了之后一定会结算稿费。而发表在网上也不一定有收益 ，只有签约了入v才能获得收益
杂志都是接收电子投稿的，用网络投稿很正常。不过一般来说，直接在百度上问投稿方式，杂志名称是没有用的，因为杂志一年能倒闭几十家再新起几十家，写手不知道苦等三个月很正常。只圈定某省某市的杂志也没有必要，都是电子邮件投稿，全国都是一样的。有的东家准备不到位，刚刚创刊就停刊了也是常有的事，更有专门稿的黑杂志连老写手都可能上当，不要说是新人了。而且成熟一点的写手都知道，编辑的私人联系方式是不能在非约稿地公布出来的，能在百度上公布的邮箱，九成九都是废弃不用的，因为太多不懂的新人乱投了。
很多新人都觉得自己的文写得好，觉得杂志上的还不如自己的，一定能发表，是好事也是坏事。一般写手在周围人里都是写文出挑、阅读量数一数二的，但放到全国就太微不足道了。杂志文和作文不一样，也不是写给自己看的东西，自己想写的和自己真正写出来的往往差了很远，但作者可能却感觉不到。
所以，如果楼主真的想走写文这条路，哪怕只是上一篇稿子，都意味着要和全职或至少是 *** 的竞争，没有经过磨炼是不行的。百度里经常有人回答什么知音啊，意林啊，花火啊，新蕾啊，最小说啊，故事会啊，这样回答的人是不没有上过稿就是大神，不过大神基本是不会来百度知道的……像这样的大刊，也许看着可能觉得无聊，但大神级的写手要上刊都要争得头破血流，新人更可想而知了，不是说绝对，但九成九是没机会的。楼主有决心的话，可以去天使领域看一看。
天使领域是一个写作班的论坛，地址在百度里打不出来，百度天使领域四个字，第一个结果就是那个论坛。注册一下就能看到里面的内容，浮云殿是专门的杂志短篇约稿版块。很多写手在里面都很活跃，不止是文风、编辑好坏、截稿日期这样的基本信息，连写手最担心的拖稿费、停刊等消息都会第一时间汇报，以免大家。所以很多写手到了天使以后，都不会再去别的地方看约稿了。
当然新人一般不用担心这些，从正式开始写文到上稿会有很长的路要走，提高自己的写文水平才是主要的。新人除非是天才，很少有人能一开始就达到上稿的要求的，可能一个月才能写几千字，好不容易写出来一篇，要么是投了没回应，要么是根本不过初审，三五次退稿就被打击得不成样子。这都是很正常的，新人刚刚开始的时候可以把天使领域各版块的置顶帖都看一遍，尤其是浮云殿（主讲新人投稿问题，比如用不用附件，标题怎么写，怎么与编辑交流）、女王的教室（主讲新人写文问题）、点将台（主讲进阶写文问题）三个版块的帖子，如果新人能把这里的问题都解决掉，上稿应该不成问题。但这个过程会很艰难，不过过了新手期，进步会很快的。
有人在百度里就直接问给我投稿的邮箱，给我约稿，其实这个是不能偷懒，必须写手自己来找的。投稿要看杂志定位，成人向的、少年向的、少女向的、童话向的、科幻向的，太多了，而且即使是比如定了幻想向的，有偏言情的，有偏武侠的，有魔幻为主的，又哪一个才是适合你的呢？有要三千字短篇的，有要八千到一万五中篇的，还有要四千到八千字的，总不能一个个增增减减再投吧，所以写手都是自己找合适的约稿，或者按约稿的大致方向去写，这就是专职和新人的差别。楼主能做到自己找到合适的刊去投的话，就快脱离菜鸟水平了。
总之，投稿既然想挣钱，就是要入一个行业了，常识与潜规则太多，这里不可能全讲，楼主只能自己去慢慢体会。很重要的一点是没有好上稿的杂志，只有高质量的稿子。所以想要上稿，一定要把自己写文的质量提高。
就是这些了，首先要声明以上内容全部为本人原创，如果在别的帖看过了，一定也是我回答的。其次是，我是复制的自己的回答没有单独再敲一遍，因为在百度提问的人，大部分都是没有找到约稿基地的，对投稿没有一个整体的了解。我在百度逛了很久，发现问的问题都是大同小异，很多都是我觉得写得还行，我要投稿，就直接来这提问了，当然基本新人刚刚同写文都这样，可是会走很多弯路。同是新人过来的，我就整理出来个大概的总结，如果能帮上忙最好不过，帮不上请一笑而过，麦拍砖，谢了。
1。
有些是可以的，比如起点，你可以签约VIP，那样的话别人看你的书必须要给钱了。至于稿费多少，看你的书而定。
书写的越好就有越多的人看，看的人越多你拿的钱越多。 2。
另外还有一些是写下后等着杂志出版社看中，采用他的稿子，这样也可以赚钱。 3。
但更多的是写在网上免费给人看，比如榕树下、且听风吟，新浪，也有些牛人也得很好会被某某出版社看中签下，从而出书拿取稿费。 但由于中国盗版太过厉害，而在尚不健全的网络上更是如此，绝大多数人是没有钱可拿的。
至于意义我也没什么好说的。君不见数十年前没BLOG诞生的时候全民的文学水平是多么低么？战乱和政治固然也是一定的原因，但我想另外一个就是没有写东西的地方。
先秦的百家争鸣时出书者甚众，是一个文化璀璨的时期，唐宋诗词骚客甚众，是又一个文化的高峰。 现在写文章的人很多，暂且不说是否能拿到钱，文学素养与文学水平的提高是有目可睹的，我想，这一点就足够了。
有些时候没必要老是谈钱。
为杂志写稿注意的36个问题 一、电子邮件投稿应该用什么格式？ 主题：投稿栏目、文章名、发表笔名。
内容：文章的全部内容。 落款：您的真实联系地址、邮编、姓名、邮箱地址、固定电话、手机、QQ号码（注明QQ名）、其他您觉得有必要留的联系信息。
除了以上内容，一概不欢迎。 二、为什么不欢迎使用附件？ 大家知道，很多病毒是通过邮件附件传送的，就我知道，很多杂志社的电脑上都装了病毒粉碎机这个软件，就是说在处理电子邮件的时候，有附件的系统一律删除。
这意味着您辛苦的文字永远不会被编辑看到。 另外，附件来稿格式不同，往往因为软件问题而打不开，或者，打开是乱码。
所以，为了您自身利益，别使用附件投稿。 三、来稿之前知道自己的文字适合什么栏目吗？ 每个杂志都是由无数个栏目组成的。
你在来稿之前，必须确定自己的文章适合哪个栏目。这样，在邮件的主题里列出来，编辑在看稿的时候，也有更强的目的性。
此外，这么做，也代表着你对杂志的熟悉程度。编辑在文章归档的时候，也方便。
编辑都很懒，喜欢省事省心的作者。 四、一个月来几篇稿子比较适合？ 个人觉得，不要超过三篇。
有一次，一个作者一下子给我发来二十多篇文章。从好的方面想，这是作者信任你，将他的文章全部都给你挑选；但是，从另一个角度上说，如果你这么多文章都是没发表过的，那是否意味着这些都是被其他编辑筛选下来的？别的编辑不要的文章，我要来干什么？ 五、截稿时间是什么样的概念？ 截稿时间分为两种，一是杂志每月交稿时间；二是临时征稿截止时间。
对于第一个时间，我个人觉得写手没必要太计较。因为杂志是做长线，你这一期赶不上，放到下一期好了。
对于第二个时间，那么就是说，在截稿之前你可以去按照要求来写，但是，一旦过了时间，就没必要再写再投稿了。因为时间一过立即定稿，就算你写得再好，也不会用。
个人经验是宜早不宜迟，因为我们在临时组稿的时候，往往时间没到就取得了适合的好稿子而提前定稿了。 六、字数要求的含义是什么？ 简单点来说，能少就不要多。
规定多少字那你就写多少字，不可以任性多写几百一千字让编辑删。毕竟，你字少了，只要文章不错，我空出来的版面还可以安排其他一些东西；但是，你字多了，虽然你恼潞芷 粒 蛞晃依恋蒙玖耍 喑隼吹淖质 又痉拍睦铮？ 七、为什么不能有错别字？ 一个作者在线问我，我给你的信刚发过去，几千字的文章，你怎么一分钟就看完说不要？你这是什么工作态度？我回答很简单：你的文章我没看就退了，答案是你去注意一下你的文章标题。
其实，答案很简单，他的标题上有一个错别字。文章中的个别错别字可以原谅，但是，标题都写错了的作者，你觉得他的文笔和责任心会怎么样？文章中的错别字也别太多。
多了，编辑会坏了胃口，不想再将你文章看下去的。所以，恳请各位，在发稿之前，至少将文章读三遍，没必要来考核编辑的改错字能力。
请写手注意“像”与“象”，“的、地、得”等的使用区别。标点符号的使用也是问题。
八、编辑是否有义务给作者回信？ 应该回每一封信，但是，做起来，不现实。虽然我现在依然做到每信必复，但是，我也怀疑我自己能坚持多久。
你要问答案？随便你去一个论坛，一天回两百个帖子看看就能理解我的感受。毕竟，我们的工作重点是在编稿子和做栏目上。
我不给你回信，不是不尊重你的劳动，是我实在没时间。大哥，我一天看稿下来，也真得很累。
九、是否应该要求编辑给自己修改文章？ 可以要求，但是，做好编辑拒绝的准备。理由同上。
十、我请编辑在线看我文章有错吗？ 没错。但是，做好编辑拒绝的准备。
因为很有可能编辑在看其他的稿子，在和其他的作者做交流等等。你临时插上一脚，编辑怎么可能会随便分心来满足你？ 十一、留用是否代表一定发表？ 留用和发表是两个概念。
编辑拿了你的稿子，是觉得你这篇适合杂志。但是，我们每一期杂志都会在好稿子中挑选最优秀的稿子。
我个人也有稿子在印刷之前被拿下的经历。是否发表，要等杂志定稿后才知道。
一般编辑会通知您稿子已用。要是一个月都没通知，那就意味着稿子被毙了，赶快给别家吧。
十二、是否应该按照编辑要求改文章？ 必须。只有编辑才知道栏目要的到底是什么样的文字。
在这里别怀疑编辑的能力。一个好作者，必须要学会按照编辑的要求修改自己的稿子。
我知道有一个女孩子写稿子还可以，就是对自己太溺爱了。编辑请她自己修改一下稿子，她抛下一句：你觉得我稿子不好，那么就别用啊，我给别人去。
大家想想，这样的话说出来之后，编辑以后还会请你写稿子吗？ 十三、是好文章就一定可以上杂志吗？ 不一定。好文章也要适合杂志栏目设置。
栏目设置之外的文章，再好也没法用。毕竟，杂志不会随便迁就作者开栏目。
十四、什么是再好杂志也不用的文章？ 敏感话题、太颓废故事、畸恋等等等等。杂志要求有十不准。
十五、网络语言和杂志语言的区别是什么？ 比如：“我靠”、“昏倒”等等网络词汇不要随便出现在杂志上。网络上喜欢用的碎句子，杂志也不喜欢。
非网络题材栏目，也最好别在文章中用太多的。
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先投稿吧，如果不中再去网上。如果你的文笔真的很好的话，估计投稿机率大一点，网上的机率比较渺茫，这些只供参考，到底怎么样，还得你自己想。
小说期刊发表论文有用吗
提高自己在学术领域的知名度
一般以后评定职称或者学习
这个好处就你当前而言，当然也学籍加分啦。毕业后在考公务员，事业，或者国企时也可以得到一定的加分。当你进入机关或国企事业单位后在升职时也可以得到一定的加分。最好可以发表到国家重点期刊上。这样是最好的。希望对你有帮助。一个过来人
应该是没有效的
第一，对于本科阶段评选优秀大学生，拿国家奖学金有非常大的用处；第二，如果将来打算考研，这样的资历可以再复试里有很高的加成的分，乃至对于你的保送研究生有帮助；第三，现阶段很少有大学生能独立在国家级期刊发表论文，建议跟一个好点的教授，数据搜集资料整理的工作一做，就可以成为论文共同版权人；第四，这里面水比较深，不是说你的论文优秀就一定能发表的，所以不要在这上面投入大量精力，否则就是本末倒置。
用英语写小说发表论文
《呼啸山庄》人物关系结构 Title：Catherine's dilemma between love and marriage in Wuthering Heights——The Psychoanalysis of love triangle relationship with Freud’s theory of personalityAbstract：Wuthering Heights tells a story of superhuman love and revenge enacted on the English moors. In this thesis, an attempt is made to analyze the love triangle relationship which leads to Catherine's dilemma between love and marriage in Wuthering Heights by virtue of Freud’s theory of personality.Key words：Wuthering Heights Freud’s theory of personality love triangle relationshipIn Catherine's heart she knows what is right, but chooses what is wrong. It is her wrong decision that pushes her into the inextricable [LunWenJia.Com]dilemma between her love and marriage; it is her wrong choice that plunges the two families into chaos. In the mind, she is truly out of her way.According to Sigmund Freud(1856—1939), the structure of the mind or personality consists three portions: the id, the ego, and the superego.“The id, which is the reservoir of biological impulses, constitutes the entire personality of the infant at birth. Its principle of operation, to guard the person from painful tension, is termed the pleasure principle. Inevitable frustrations of the id, together with what the child learns from his encounters with external reality, generate the ego, which is essentially a mechanism to minimize frustrations of the biological drives in the long run. It operates according to the reality principle … [LunWenNet.Com]The superego comprises the conscience, a partly conscious system of introjected moral inhibitions, and the ego-ideal, the source of the individual's standards for his own behavior. Like external reality, from which it derives, the superego often presents obstacles to the satisfaction of biological drives.”“In the mentally healthy person, these three systems form a unified and harmonious organization. Conversely, when the three systems of personality are at odds with one another the person is said to be maladjusted.” Here Catherine's tragic psychological process may be well illustrated by Freudian psychoanalysis.“I cannot express it; but surely you and everybody have a notion that there is, or should be, an existence of yours beyond you. What were the use of my creation, if I were entirely contained here？” Catherine's strange words reflect that the intelligent Emily Bronte had been earlier pondering over a same question in her work. What on earth is“the existence of Catherine's beyond Catherine”？Here we may believe that Heathcliff stands for Catherine's instinctual nature and the strongest desire—her “id” in the depths of her soul; Edgar, her ideal “superego”, represents another part of her personality: the well-bred gracefulness and the superiority of a wealthy family; and she, herself is the “ego” tortured by the friction between the two in the disharmonious situation.In the light of Freud's theory of personality, “the superego is the representation in the personality of the traditional values and ideals of society as they are handed down from parents to children.” Catherine's choice of Edgar as her husband is to satisfy her ideal “superego” to get wealth and high social position, which are the symbol of her class, on the basis of the education by her family and reality from her early childhood. She is a Miss of a noble family with a long history of about three hundred years. Only the marriage well-matched in social and economic status could be a satisfaction for all: her family, the society and even her practical self. “It would degrade me to many Heathcliff now ... if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars？” This is her actual worry for her future. Catherine yields to the pressure from her brother, and alike, in truth, she is yielding to the moral rules of society, without the approval and identification of which, she could not live a better life or even exist in it at all.However, Catherine underestimates what her other more intrinsic self would have effect on her. The most remarkable claim by Catherine herself may be the best convincing evidence to distinguish the different roles of Heathcliff and Edgar—her “id” and her “superego”:“My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff's miseries, and I watched and felt each from the beginning: my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished, and he remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else perished, and he was annihilated, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not seem a part of it. My love for Linton is like foliage in the woods: time will change it. I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I'm Heathcliff! He's always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure and more than I am always a pleasure to me, but as my own being. So don't talk of our separation again: it is impracticable.”It was a happy thought to make her love the kind, wealthy, weak, elegant Edgar, yet in submission to her superego to oppose against her id, she would fall into a loss of the self. Since the id is the most primitive basis of personality, and the ego is formed out of the id, Catherine's life depends wholly on Heathcliff， as the whole connotation and truth of her life in the cosmic world, for its existence and further more for the significance of her existence. Heathcliff is the most necessary part of her being. She marries Edgar, but Heathcliff still clutches her soul in his passionate embrace. Although she is a bit ashamed of her early playmate, she loves him with a passionate abandonment that sets culture, education, the world at defiance. Catherine's wrong choice for marriage violates her inner desires. The choice is a victory for self-indulgence—a sacrifice of primary to secondary things. And she pays for it.On one hand, Catherine doesn't find the heavenly happiness she was longing for. Though as a girl “full of ambition”and “to be the greatest woman of the neighborhood” would be her pride, the enviable marriage could only flatter her vanity for a second. After her marriage, the comfortable and peaceful life in the Grange was just a monotonous and lifeless confinement of her soul. She feels chocked by the artificial and unnatural conditions in the closed Thrushcross Grange— a world in which the mind has hardened and become unalterable.“If I were in heaven, Nelly, I should be extremely miserable. ” Catherine eventually knows that the Lintons' heaven is not her ideal heaven. She and Heathcliff really possess their common heaven. Just as Catherine says,“Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same; and Linton's is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire.”Catherine doesn't want to live in the Lintons' heaven; on the other hand, she has lost her own paradise that she ever had with Heathcliff on the bare hard moor in their childhood. The deepest bent of her nature announces her destiny—a wanderer between the two worlds. When she is alive, she occupies a position midway between the two. She belongs in a sense to both and is constantly drawn first in Heathcliff's direction, then in Edgar's, and then in Heathcliff's again and at last she loses herself completely. Her childish illusion to use her husband's money to aid Heatllcliff to rise out of her brother's power has vanished in thin air. And her constant struggle to reconcile two irreconcilable ways of life is in vain too, which only caused more disorder in the two worlds and in herself as well.In Freudian principles, should the ego continually fail in its task of satisfying the demands of the id, these three factors together—the painful repression of the id's instinctual desires, the guilt conscience of revolt against the superego's wishes, and the frustration of failure in finding outlets in the external world- would contribute to ever-increasing anxiety. The anxiety piles up and finally overwhelms the person. When this happens, the person is said to leave hallucinatory wish-fulfillment, then a nervous radical breakdown, and in the end may finish the person off. Catherine is destroyed into psychic fragmentation by the friction between the two. At the height of her Edgan-Heathcliff torment, Catherine lies delirious on the floor at the Grange. She dreams that she is back in her own old bed at Wuthering Heights “enclosed in the oak-paneled bed at home, and my heart ached with some great grief…my misery arose from the separation that Hindley had ordered between me and Heathcliff.”Still dreaming, she tries to push back the panels of the oak bed, only to find herself touching the table and the carpet at the Grange:“My late anguish was swallowed in a paroxysm of despair. I cannot say why I was so wildly wretched ... and my all in all, as Heathcliff was at that time, and been converted at a stroke into Mrs. Linton...the wife of a stranger: an exile, and outcast.” She attempts to forget the lengthy days of years of life without her soul even in her temporary derangement.“Most strangely, the whole last seven years of my life grew a blank! I did not recall that they had been at all.” Her mental and physical decay rapidly leads to the body's mortal end. She dies and seems to have none into perfect peace.But even after her death, she is still a wandering ghost. In Chapter 3, Lockwood, the lodger in Catherine's oak-paneled bed at Wuthering Heights dreams about the little wailing ghost:“The intense horror of nightmare came over me: I tried to draw back my arm, but the hand clung to it, and a most melancholy voice sobbed, ‘Let me in-Let me in’.‘ Who are you?’…‘Catherine Linton’, it replied, shiveringly…‘I'm come home: I'd lost my way on the moor!’…Terror made me cruel; and finding it useless to attempt shaking the creature off, I pulled its wrist on to the broken pane, and rubbed it to and fro till then blood ran down and soaked the bedclothes: still it wailed, ‘Let me in!’…it is twenty years, twenty years. I've been a waif for twenty years!”Catherine aspires to be back in her heaven even being a spirit. But leer self-deceptive decision has made her fall from her and Heathcliff's heaven full of demonic love and her never docile or submissive nature has drawn her out of her and Edgar's heaven filled with civilized emptiness in the meantime. She pushes herself into her tragedy, the endless dilemma between her love and marriage, which won't end up with her death.Bibliography：1.Bronte Emily，Wuthering Heights，Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press，London：Oxford University Press 19952.Freud Sigmund，Interpretation of Dreams，Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 20013.Travis Trysh，Heathcliff and Cathy，the Dysfunctional Couple，The Chronicle of Higher Education，Washington，20014.Steinitz Rebecca，Diaries and Displacement in Wuthering Heights，Studies in the Novel，Denton，2000 里面有你需要的英语论文，我载老一篇，不合适切看下嘛，呵呵！！！
《呼啸山庄》英文读后感Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English literature. Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide readers. It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark madness. It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely unpleasant. And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel written. The novel is told in the form of an extended flashback. After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering Heights. It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named Heathcliff. And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all. WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off-putting. But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the other. As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death itself. Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even beyond. It is a stunning novel, frightening, inexorable, unsettling, filled with unbridled passion that makes one cringe. Even if you do not like it, you should read it at least once--and those who do like it will return to it again and again
《老人与海》中桑提亚哥主体形象分析一、内在力量桑提亚哥是位以打鱼为生的古巴老渔夫，他历经风霜饱受艰难，岁月的流失在他身上留下了深刻的痕迹。他已连续84天没钓到一条鱼了，前几十天有一小孩陪着他出海，由于他的失败和背运，那个小孩被父母逼着跟另外的渔船钓鱼。如今老头孤独无援，厄运缠身。但他老而不衰，苍老的容貌与他充满活力的内心形成了鲜明的对比。海明威在描写桑提亚哥这一人物时，通过描述他的体貌和眼神，体现出了老人外表的苍老与内在的力量：The old man was thin and gaunt,with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep – creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none of the scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.Everything about him was old except his eye and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.除了老头那双充满活力的眼睛，海明威还通过小孩曼诺林的眼睛让读者看到桑提亚哥身体上其它有力的部分，从而使读者期待而不幻想，把注意力集中到桑提亚哥身上，他有力的肩膀，壮实的头颈无一不显示出他所蕴含的力量： They were strange shoulders,still powerful although very old,and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward. 也正是这种老而不衰的体力构成了桑提亚哥支撑自信的基本力量之一。作为一个经常处于与大自然力量相抗争状态的渔夫，他知已至深，十分清楚自身的优势和胜算；对于他要面对的大鱼，他亦知彼至深，懂得如何运用技巧和耐力赢得一场公平的战斗。他对自己的能力不抱幻想，也不狂妄地自我吹嘘。只是等待机会证实自己的能力，所以，他对曼诺林的称赞反应并不十分强烈，只是淡淡的一句 “Thank you. You make me happy. I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” 显示出一个知已知彼的钓鱼高手在临战前的冷静和镇定，话说得虽少，却字字千钓，自有一股震人心魄的力量。 桑提亚哥的行动正如他的言语一样，简洁而精确，没有多余的动作。他的每个动作似乎经过精确计算，决不多浪费一点精力。如他脱衣睡觉的动作，轻捷而实用，读起来让人如身临其境： He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow,putting the newspaper inside them. He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed. 他简朴，贫困而不寒酸，谦卑而不低贱，动作之中自有一股尊严，令人敬仰。海明威在这一人物身上寄托了他对人性的深刻理解和信念。无论环境多么困苦艰难险恶，无论一个人的地位高低，保持人的尊严是最重要的。这种尊严不会由于财富的多寡，运气的大小而增减，它是真正美好的人性必不可少的一部分，Young指出这种认识境界也是海明威本人所能达到的高度，也是他这一作品最成功之处。 “The knowledge that a simple man is capable of the decency, dignity, and even heroism that Santiago possesses and that his battle can been seen in heroic terms is itself perhaps the greatest victory that Hemingway won.” 二、硬汉本色如果说桑提亚哥在其行动中显示了尊严，在遭到失败后还继续保持不败的精神则显示了他的硬汉本色，他与小孩曼诺林的友谊则显示了他性格中温暖的一面。他的忠诚和激情通过他的行动表达出来，如他独自一人在海上的时候多次提到小孩曼诺林，使人感觉到他对友谊和帮助的渴求。 但桑提亚哥这一人物的性格并非不存在任何缺陷，如他允许自己和曼诺林不断重复那段关于子虚乌有的米饭和鱼网的对话，暴露了他性格中非理智的一面： “What do you have to eat?” the boy asked. “A pot of yellow rice with fish. Do you want some?” “No. I will eat at home. Do you want me to make the fire?”“No. I will make it later on. Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the castnet?”“Of course.”“硬汉子”桑提亚哥在与马林鱼和鲨鱼的冲突中把自己的体能发挥到了极限。但在小说的结尾处，我们听到桑提亚哥和Manolin在谈论下次出海打鱼的计划： “Now we fish together again.” “No. I am not lucky. I am not luck any more.” “The hell with luck,” the boy said “ I’ll bring the luck with me.” ...... “We must get a good killing lance and always have it on board. You can make the blade from a spring leaf from an old ford. We can grind it in Guanabacoa. It should be sharp and not tempered so it will break. My knife broke.”桑提亚哥并没有被打败。此次捕鱼的失败只给他留下了疲劳和更多的经验或诀窍。同时，曼诺林的存在使他的失败又被赋予了一层新的意义。他发现他可以从自己失败的地方找到可以教导曼诺林的教训，现身说法，使这次失败在曼诺林身上产生更深远的价值，桑提亚哥的“硬汉”精神会在曼诺林身上得到延续和弘扬。正如Baker所言： “The winner takes nothing but the sense of having fought the fight to the limits of his strength，of having shown what a man can do when it is necessary like many of the rest of us，he is undefeated only because he has gone on trying.” 三、海明威主角模式卓绝的特质与阔远宁静的心理素质在桑提亚哥这一主体形象身上，不仅凝聚了海明威主角模式卓绝的特质，如压力下的冷静和优雅风度以及产生这种优雅感的自我控制力，还显示出了一种更加阔远宁静的心理素质。桑提亚哥对失败的反应已不再像其主角模式那样愤世嫉俗，他平静而坚定地接受了自己的命运，内心的信念并未因此而丧失。作为一个渔夫，连续数月捕不到鱼这种挫折对他来说既不是第一次，也不是最后一次。这一点从曼诺林口中说出，也说明了曼诺林对老人桑提亚哥的信心基础。在曼诺林的眼中，桑提亚哥是经受过考验的。对读者来说； The man who never encounters death,who never faces any danger at all, this man has not yet been tested; we don’t know whether he will withstand the pressures,whether he will prove to be a true Hemingway man.对桑提亚哥来说，更富有意义的是他已不止一次经受住了考验，他无论在道德上还是在勇气上都属于胜利者。 “He fights with dignity,against great odds,and though he loses the marlin,he survives and wins and moral victory for himself by daring the sea and the great fish. The fullest expression of his courage and his strength are tested-- and are triumphant.”另外，桑提亚哥作为胜者的意义不仅仅在于他在压力下所显示的巨大勇气和凛然的尊严，还在于他强大的意志力与其衰老的肉体强烈的反差对比，他体能上的弱势由于其娴熟的技巧得到部分弥补，但他作为一个个体在与生存环境的抗争中更富有深刻的寓意。桑提亚哥所显示的勇气和意志力于全人类无疑具有深刻的意义。四、结语作为文学作品中一个虚构的人物，桑提亚哥是“浑圆”的人物，他的内心和态度经历了变化，性格得到了进一步的发展。他意识到在向自己的极限的挑战中，他所能取得的成功由于其它对抗力量的制约而不能圆满，当他发现自己一直寻找或猎取的大鱼被毫无意义地吞食时，他意识到不仅伤害了对手，也伤害了自己。而在这以前，他还一直以为自己在一场公平的竞争中赢得了胜利，遭遇鲨鱼之后他才发现自己为这一胜利付出的代价多么惨痛。在他出海前，他满怀信心，认为凭借一已之力就可以捕到大鱼，但在与大鱼正面对抗时，他才意识到人与人之间的帮助是珍贵而必需的，这种帮助的意义还不仅仅在于体力上的帮忙，更重要的是给他以精神上的支撑。
《巴黎圣母院》The Hunchback of Notre DameThe Hunchback of Notre Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris) is an 1831 French novel written by Victor Hugo. It is set in 1482 in Paris, in and around the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris. The book tells the story of a poor barefoot Gypsy girl (La Esmeralda) and a misshapen bell-ringer (Quasimodo) who was raised by the archdeacon (Claude Frollo). The book was written as a statement to preserve the Notre Dame cathedral and not to 'modernize' it, as Hugo was thoroughly against this.Hugo finished the book just as he was running out of ink. This tempted him to title the work What There Is in a Bottle of Ink.[1] He eventually decided against it and called the book Notre-Dame de Paris. English translations of the book are often titled The Hunchback of Notre Dame, which have led some to believe that Quasimodo is the main character. Hugo never liked this title, preferring the original Notre-Dame de Paris. He gave this title because he considered the cathedral itself to be the main "character" of the story. The story takes place around and inside the church, and Hugo spent much time describing the building as well as decrying its abandonment after the abuse it suffered during the French Revolution; during the Revolution, the church had been viewed as a symbol of the old regime and was pillaged and vandalized by angry mobs.As stated by many critics and scholars, the Cathedral of Notre Dame appears to be the main setting, which is almost elevated to the status of a character. Indeed, the original French title of the book, Notre-Dame de Paris (the formal title of the Cathedral) shows that the cathedral (and not Quasimodo) is the subject of the story. The book portrays the Gothic era as one of extremes of architecture, passion, and religion. Like many of his other works, Hugo is also very concerned with social justice, and his descriptions of religious fanaticism are also examined. Another unique element of the book is the way in which Hugo changes the roles of protagonist and antagonist, hero and villain, between characters throughout the novel.The enormous popularity of the book in France spurred the nascent historical preservation movement in that country and strongly encouraged Gothic revival architecture. Ultimately it led to major renovations at Notre-Dame in the 19th century led by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. Much of the cathedral's present appearance is a result of this renovation.In The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Victor Hugo makes frequent reference to the architecture of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris.He also mentions the invention of the printing press, when the bookmaker near the beginning of the work speaks of "the German pest."Victor Hugo lived a few homes away from Victor of Aveyron, the first well-documented feral child,[2] although the inspiration for Quasimodo's character is not directly linked to him.
研究生写小论文发表有用吗
据学术堂了解，研究生发表论文，或多或少存在以下几点好处：1、熟悉学术论文写作的基本规范，包括摘要、关键词、研究背景概括、国内外现状的评述、参考文献的规范。2、熟悉文档编辑工作，包括公式、图的绘制、表格规范等文档写作的规范性。3、提升科研总结能力，可以让学生从自身从事的科研工作中，凝练学术思想，成文发表。或在同行专家的多次评阅修改意见中，不断完善论文，启发科研思路。4、学术论文具有科学性、创新性和理论性。因此，写论文可以提升学生科学严谨的思维方法、创新工作的驱动、研究工作的深入以及基础理论的强化和钻研等。5、有了这样的硬性规定，学生为了达到毕业要求，至少会有一点点的压力，可以督促学生稍稍多花点时间用于科研和学术研究。
论文的发表对于部分在校学生和工作者都是非常重要的，简单的讲，发表的论文直接体现你的学术科研成果，所发表的期刊等级越高，影响力越大，就越能展现你在自己的领域的成就。。发表论文可以加分，对考研比较有优势，现在好多本科生、研究生、硕士生在校期间都发表了不少文章，这对他们以后学业或是工作都很有利的，你不需要发表级别高的刊物，省级的就可以了，你可以多安排几篇，篇数越多学分就越多，总之发表论文对自己以后是百利而无一害的 对于保研、考研的同学来说，论文是其科研能力、创新能力的体现。对于打算保研的同学来说，发表学术论文是保研的前提条件。没有公开发表学术论文，保研将是一句空话。笔者有一位师兄在本科学习阶段就发表学术论文20余篇，最后轻松保研中国人民大学！读研期间又发表高质量CSSCI论文若干，出版专著一部，最终又成功保送中国人民大学博士。对于考研的同学来说，进入复试之后，导师非常看重学生的科研能力。因为导师最喜欢的学生就是科研型的学生，能够帮助自己做各种课题，成为自己研究工作的得力助手。所以，如果在本科、研究生阶段有一定数量的学术论文发表，将为自己进入硕士、博士的学习打下良好的基础，在研究生复试中占尽优势。
1、肯定是论文比较权威2、写论文比较费时间，要求的数据更加严谨3、论文的素材同样可以简单的归纳后用来申请专利的，而且专利撰写有专门的代理机构，要是没空写，把写论文的素材交给他们，让他们写就是了，只要花点钱就行4、论文发表是要周期的，越是好的刊物，周期越长；专利从申请到授权也是有周期的，发明专利除非做加快审查，否则也得好两年
有条件的话尽量发表，还是有用的。包括后面再单位评定职称的时候，也是可以用到，还有什么不懂的也可以问问壹品优刊。