在paint发表论文

在paint发表论文

Primary colors are sets of colors that can be combined to make a useful range of colors. For human applications, three primary colors are usually used, since human color vision is trichromatic.For additive combination of colors, as in overlapping projected lights or in CRT displays, the primary colors normally used are red, green, and blue. For subtractive combination of colors, as in mixing of pigments or dyes, such as in printing, the primaries normally used are cyan, magenta, and yellow,[1] though the set of red, yellow, blue is popular among artists.[2] See RGB color model, CMYK color model, and RYB color model for more on these popular sets of primary colors.Any choice of primary colors is essentially arbitrary; for example, an early color photographic process, autochrome, typically used orange, green, and violet primaries.[3]The most commonly used additive color primaries are the secondary colors of the most commonly used subtractive color primaries, and vice versa.Primary colors are not a fundamental property of light but are often related to the physiological response of the eye to light. Fundamentally, light is a continuous spectrum of the wavelengths that can be detected by the human eye, an infinite-dimensional stimulus space.[4] However, the human eye normally contains only three types of color receptors, called cone cells. Each color receptor responds to different ranges of the color spectrum. Humans and other species with three such types of color receptors are known as trichromats. These species respond to the light stimulus via a three-dimensional sensation, which generally can be modeled as a mixture of three primary colors.[4]Before the nature of colorimetry and visual physiology were well understood, scientists such as Thomas Young, James Clark Maxwell, and Hermann von Helmholtz expressed various opinions about what should be the three primary colors to describe the three primary color sensations of the eye.[5] Young originally proposed red, green, and violet, and Maxwell changed violet to blue; Helmholtz proposed "a slightly purplish red, a vegetation-green, slightly yellowish (wave-length about 5600 tenth-metres), and an ultramarine-blue (about 4820)".[6] In modern understanding, the human cone cells do not correspond to any real primary colors.Species with different numbers of receptor cell types would have color vision requiring a different number of primaries. For example, for species known as tetrachromats, with four different color receptors, one would use four primary colors. Since humans can only see to 400 nanometers (violet), but tetrachromats can see into the ultraviolet to about 300 nanometers, this fourth primary color might be located in the shorter-wavelength range.Many birds and marsupials are tetrachromats, and it has been suggested that some human females are tetrachromats as well[7][8], having an extra variant version of the long-wave (L) cone type.[9] The peak response of human color receptors varies, even among individuals with "normal" color vision[10]; in non-human species this polymorphic variation is even greater, and it may well be adaptive[11]. Most mammals other than primates have only two types of color receptors and are therefore dichromats; to them, there are only two primary colors.It would be incorrect to assume that the world "looks tinted" to an animal (or human) with anything other than the human standard of three color receptors. To an animal (or human) born that way, the world would look normal to it, but the animal's ability to detect and discriminate colors would be different from that of a human with normal color vision. If a human and an animal both look at a natural color, they see it as natural; however, if both look at a color reproduced via primary colors, such as on a color television screen, the human may see it as matching the natural color, while the animal does not; in this sense, reproduction of color via primaries must be "tuned" to the color vision system of the observer.Media that combine emitted lights to create the sensation of a range of colors are using the additive color system. Typically, the primary colors used are red, green, and blue.[12]Television and other computer and video displays are a common example of the use of additive primaries and the RGB color model. The exact colors chosen for the primaries are a technological compromise between the available phosphors (including considerations such as cost and power usage) and the need for large color triangle to allow a large gamut of colors. The ITU-R BT.709-5/sRGB primaries are typical.CIE 1931 RGB color triangle with monochromatic primariesAdditive mixing of red and green light produces shades of yellow, orange, or brown.[13] Mixing green and blue produces shades of cyan, and mixing red and blue produces shades of purple, including magenta. Mixing nominally equal proportions of the additive primaries results in shades of grey or white; the color space that is generated is called an RGB color space.The CIE 1931 color space defines monochromatic primary colors with wavelengths of 435.8 nm (violet), 546.1 nm (green) and 700 nm (red). The corners of the color triangle are therefore on the spectral locus, and the triangle is about as big as it can be. No real display device uses such primaries, as the extreme wavelengths used for violet and red result in a very low luminous efficiency.TraditionalMain article: RYB color modelRYB (red, yellow, and blue) is a historical set of subtractive primary colors. It is primarily used in art and art education, particularly painting.[14] It predates modern scientific color theory.Standard RYB Color WheelRYB make up the primary color triad in a standard color wheel; the secondary colors VOG (violet, orange, and green) make up another triad. Triads are formed by 3 equidistant colors on a particular color wheel; neither RYB nor VOG is equidistant on a perceptually uniform color wheel, but rather have been defined to be equidistant in the RYB wheel.[15]Painters have long used more than three "primary" colors in their palettes—and at one point considered red, yellow, blue, and green to be the four primaries[16]. Red, yellow, blue, and green are still widely considered the four psychological primary colors,[17] though red, yellow, and blue are sometimes listed as the three psychological primaries [18], with black and white occasionally added as a fourth and fifth [19].During the 18th century, as theorists became aware of Isaac Newton’s scientific experiments with light and prisms, red, yellow, and blue became the canonical primary colors—supposedly the fundamental sensory qualities that are blended in the perception of all physical colors and equally in the physical mixture of pigments or dyes. This theory became dogma, despite abundant evidence that red, yellow, and blue primaries cannot mix all other colors, and has survived in color theory to the present day.[20]Using red, yellow, and blue as primaries yields a relatively small gamut, in which, among other problems, colorful greens, cyans, and magentas are impossible to mix, because red, yellow, and blue are not well-spaced around a perceptually uniform color wheel. For this reason, modern three- or four-color printing processes, as well as color photography, use cyan, yellow, and magenta as primaries instead.[21] Most painters include colors in their palettes which cannot be mixed from yellow, red, and blue paints, and thus do not fit within the RYB color model. Some who do use a three-color palette opt for the more evenly spaced cyan, yellow, and magenta used by printers, and others paint with 6 or more colors to widen their gamuts.[22] The cyan, magenta, and yellow used in printing are sometimes known as "process blue," "process red," "process yellow."[23][edit] CMYK color model, or four-color printingMain article: CMYK color modelIn the printing industry, to produce the varying colors the subtractive primaries cyan, magenta, and yellow are applied together in varying amounts. Before the color names cyan and magenta were in common use, these primaries were often known as blue-green and purple, or in some circles as blue and red, respectively, and their exact color has changed over time with access to new pigments and technologies.[24]Subtractive color mixing – the magenta and cyan primaries are sometimes called purple and blue-green, or red and blueMixing yellow and cyan produces green colors; mixing yellow with magenta produces reds, and mixing magenta with cyan produces blues. In theory, mixing equal amounts of all three pigments should produce grey, resulting in black when all three are applied in sufficient density, but in practice they tend to produce muddy brown colors. For this reason, and to save ink and decrease drying times, a fourth pigment, black, is often used in addition to cyan, magenta, and yellow.The resulting model is the so-called CMYK color model. The abbreviation stands for cyan, magenta, yellow, and key—black is referred to as the key color, a shorthand for the key printing plate that impressed the artistic detail of an image, usually in black ink.[25]In practice, colorant mixtures in actual materials such as paint tend to be more complex. Brighter or more saturated colors can be created using natural pigments instead of mixing, and natural properties of pigments can interfere with the mixing. For example, mixing magenta and green in acrylic creates a dark cyan—something which would not happen if the mixing process were perfectly subtractive.In the subtractive model, adding white to a color, whether by using less colorant or by mixing in a reflective white pigment such as zinc oxide, does not change the color’s hue but does reduce its saturation. Subtractive color printing works best when the surface or paper is white, or close to it.A system of subtractive color does not have a simple chromaticity gamut analogous to the RGB color triangle, but a gamut that must be described in three dimensions. There are many ways to visualize such models, using various 2D chromaticity spaces or in 3D color spacesNotes and references^ Matthew Luckiesh (1915). Color and Its Applications. D. Van Nostrand company. pp. 58, 221. http://books.google.com/books?id=0BgCAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA221&dq=magenta+cyan+yellow+date:0-1923+printing&as_brr=1. ^ Chris Grimley and Mimi Love (2007). Color, space, and style: all the details interior designers need to know but can never find. Rockport Publishers. p. 137. ISBN 9781592532278. http://books.google.com/books?id=uVxa-_N4LQ4C&pg=PA137&dq=ryb+color+model+paint&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=AFbaSq-1AY6GlQThiayTAQ#v=onepage&q=ryb%20color%20model%20paint&f=false. ^ Walter Hines Page and Arthur Wilson Page (1908). The World's Work: Volume XV: A History of Our Time. Doubleday, Page & Company. http://books.google.com/books?id=hKPvxXgBN1oC&pg=PA9508&dq=autochrome+orange+violet+green&as_brr=1. ^ a b Michael I. Sobel (1989). Light. University of Chicago Press. pp. 52–62. ISBN 0226767515. http://books.google.com/books?id=PDmAdQpmxl8C&pg=PA58&ots=nx4W7J2aTc&dq=spectrum+color+infinite-dimensional+cones&sig=uM9RwCK7fFquO9e2oz-79xjbe8w#PPA59,M1. ^ Edward Albert Sharpey-Schäfer (1900). Text-book of physiology. 2. Y. J. Pentland. p. 1107. http://books.google.com/books?id=fz0uAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1107&dq=primary+red-green-and-violet+maxwell+sensation&as_brr=3&ei=ew1NSpvYJpXUlQTZ4Iwe&client=firefox-a. ^ Alfred Daniell (1904). A text book of the principles of physics. Macmillan and Co. p. 575. http://books.google.com/books?id=oPQZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA575&dq=primary+red-green-and-violet+maxwell&as_brr=3&ei=8QpNSsT5KYzkkwTDvNwj&client=firefox-a. ^ Backhaus, Kliegl & Werner "Color vision, perspectives from different disciplines" (De Gruyter, 1998), pp.115-116, section 5.5. ^ Pr. Mollon (Cambridge university), Pr. Jordan (Newcastle university) "Study of women heterozygote for colour difficiency" (Vision Research, 1993) ^ M. Neitz, T. W. Kraft, and J. Neitz (1998). "Expression of L cone pigment gene subtypes in females". Vision Research 38: 3221–3225. doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00076-5. ^ Neitz, Jay & Jacobs, Gerald H. (1986). "Polymorphism of the long-wavelength cone in normal human colour vision." Nature. 323, 623-625. ^ Jacobs, Gerald H. (1996). "Primate photopigments and primate color vision." PNAS. 93 (2), 577–581. ^ Thomas D. Rossing and Christopher J. Chiaverina (1999). Light science: physics and the visual arts. Birkhäuser. p. 178. ISBN 9780387988276. http://books.google.com/books?id=jpH1_dCT_UcC&pg=PA178&dq=red+green+blue+additive+color+primaries+violet&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=3&ei=DCtMSueTFIL6lQSApbEU. ^ "Some Experiments on Color", Nature 111, 1871, in John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) (1899). Scientific Papers. University Press. http://books.google.com/books?id=KWMSAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA84&dq=date:0-1923+light+red+green+yellow-or-orange&as_brr=1#PPA85,M1. ^ Tom Fraser and Adam Banks (2004). Designer’s Color Manual: The Complete Guide to Color Theory and Application. Chronicle Books. ISBN 081184210X. http://books.google.com/books?id=WXZNPaX-LvcC&pg=PA27&ots=HShXs43Vb9&dq=red-yellow-blue+color+mixing&ei=Q5C7RpKQBaPKowLOzbnwBQ&sig=tzY-Dg0Vd2qsvzkAED_4kTV_AYE. ^ Stephen Quiller (2002). Color Choices. Watson–Guptill. ISBN 0823006972. http://books.google.com/books?id=jiUTZQj_v5QC&pg=PA12&ots=uIkYShJkkF&dq=what-is-a-color-wheel+spaced+red+yellow+blue&ei=PfO7RtDOOaDeoALSidXvBQ&sig=nKVzb_VaCzhkW5LkewElB4laG90. ^ For instance Leonardo da Vinci wrote of these four simple colors in his notebook circa 1500. See Rolf Kuenhi. “Development of the Idea of Simple Colors in the 16th and Early 17th Centuries”. Color Research and Application. Volume 32, Number 2, April 2007. ^ Resultby Leslie D. Stroebel, Ira B. Current (2000). Basic Photographic Materials and Processes. Focal Press. ISBN 0240803450. http://books.google.com/books?id=BRYa6Qpsw48C&pg=PP1&dq=Basic+Photographic+Materials+and+Processes&sig=3FfkDIRvz8MSinhegznHIKn4AvM. ^ MS Sharon Ross , Elise Kinkead (2004). Decorative Painting & Faux Finishes. Creative Homeowner. ISBN 1580111793. http://books.google.com/books?id=DPJUWRydR9kC&dq=red+yellow+blue+paint-mixing++subtractive&as_brr=3. ^ Swirnoff, Lois (2003). Dimensional Color. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393731022. http://books.google.com/books?id=sG5MqtZuFF0C&dq=%22psychological+primaries%22+blue+-green. ^ Bruce MacEvoy. “Do ‘Primary’ Colors Exist?” (Material Trichromacy section). Handprint. Accessed 10 August 2007. ^ “Development of the Idea of Simple Colors in the 16th and Early 17th Centuries”. Color Research and Application. Volume 32, Number 2, April 2007. ^ Bruce MacEvoy. “Secondary Palette.” Handprint. Accessed 14 August 2007. For general discussion see Bruce MacEvoy. “Mixing With a Color Wheel” (Saturation Costs section). Handprint. Accessed 14 August 2007. ^ Cheap Brochure Printing - Process Blue / Process Red / Process Yellow / Process Black ^ Ervin Sidney Ferry (1921). General Physics and Its Application to Industry and Everyday Life. John Wiley & Sons. http://books.google.com/books?id=3rYXAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA621&dq=date:0-1923+additive+color+mixing+primary&as_brr=1. ^ Frank S. Henry (1917). Printing for School and Shop: A Textbook for Printers' Apprentices, Continuation Classes, and for General use in Schools. John Wiley & Sons. http://books.google.com/books?id=UAAvAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA292&dq=black+date:0-1923+key-plate+printing+color. ^ See the google image results for “cmyk gamut” for examples. 不知这个可不可以当做论文

People make friends with nature

Once upon a time , people didn’t kown the nature is important for us. We thought plants and animals is less important than people . But this answer is wrong . We did many wrong things for the other living things .For example , in 1850 ,millions of Pesserger Pigeon live in the USA. Every year, When the Pigeon flew north to spend the summer in Canada ,peopleKilled them quckily . At the end ,The Pigeon were nearly none left . The last Pesserger Pigeon in the world died in a zoo in 1914. Why did Pigeons die in this nature ?Because people killed them , people thought the animals died that they had meat to eat and skins to make a closeth .If the Pigeon live in nature ,I think people can make some medicine ,send a letter of the Pigeons. So all living things in this nature have their’s advantages .Befor we do anythings , we must think ice .

Today , We learn more about other living things . We know the plant and animal is useful for us.Such as the plants ,it has many advantages. Some plants for us can help me do somethings .We use wood and bamboo to build houses , We use other plants for food ,others to make clothes and others for medicine . If all the green plants die , Earth will bae a very different place .The air will change and neither animals nor people will be able to live in that air .People must look after green plants ,we can do little things ,we can put garbage in the midden .we don’t paly in the grass,we don’t make the air dirty .Although we are little child , we are able to make the city clean . Because Guangzhou is my home ,clean is our duty.

Most of people like keeping pets . We know some pets is people’s helper Like dog ,it can tell to people what things will happen . On 26th ,December,2004, the India ocean had a big sea ,many peole had dead in that trageby . But one child very lucky. He had one clever dog , when the trageby began , the dog help the boy to climb the mountain ,the dog ate the boy’s clothes ,ran quckily to the tall place .At last ,the boy maked friends with his dog , the boy very happy . Ha said to people : anilmals is people ‘s good friends .We don't kill them, Because it’s one of the important living things in the world .

People think , when we make friends whit animals , we will have a good time ,animal is a very kind things in the world .We don’t killed them , If we kill them , that is bad for ourselves .So today we must think ,how to make friends with other living things . This answer is very eary . I think if eveyone do a liitle things for the living things , do anythings thinks ice ,hand in hand to make a beautiful world.

Secondly, the earthquake, if we respect the nature, we can get the harmonious surroundings, If we donot respect the nature, like the typhoon. Firstly, we live on the condition that we can not leave the nature, the tsunami and so on. Fainlly. We can reduce the unecessary natural calamities.Sum up, I think that people and environment should be in harmony as an anic whole.会不会不太符合初一， it will revenge our people by the natural calamities.In my opinion, we should love and repect the nature like our families and home. There is no other place can contain us except the nature in the Earth, the water, the oxygen and the landPeople and natureMore and more people want to separate the people from the nature, they think that we can live without the nature. So they destory the nature, including the forest and the river. They built so many buildings in the surface of the Earth. Don't respect the ecological banlance

要交代明白。

无论记人记事，还是写景状物，一般都要交代明白时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果。

否则文章就不完整。

第二，线索清楚。

虽然观察的角度、记述的方式可以不同，但每一篇文章都应当有一条关联材料、统贯全篇的中心线索，否则文章就会松散。

第三，人称要一致。

无论用第一人称“我”记述，还是用第三人称“他”记述，都要通篇一贯。

第四，要有条理。

一篇好的论文，最重要的就是条理。

乱七八糟的文章，就算是字字珠玑、妙语连珠也不受青睐。

I sometimes stare at the sky and wonder why we have made such a mess of things. I wonder how we can tear up the seas and use up the trees all in the name of progress. It is such a tragedy that we are damaging things so fast and they will soon be way beyond repair.It is very sad to think future generations will not have the natural things to enjoy as we have had, and that they will be paupers when it es to the offerings of the natural world.But, preserving nature is one thing ... appreciating it is quite another. There is so very much beauty all around us to see, touch, and hear. Nature is so miraculous because it is always changing. No matter how many times you look at something, it is always different.Nature can set a sky aflame at sunset or magically transform a familiar landscape into a snow-white wonderland. It can paint a rainbow in the sky, paint beautiful autumn colors on trees, or paint a clump of daffodils in the grass with glow of soft sunlight.Nature can bring a lot of beauty into our lives. Nature has a way of affecting our moods and it can force us to change our plans. Nature is responsible for the sun, clouds, rain, and snow. When it is sunny and bright outside, we feel cheerful inside. When it is cloudy and rainy, we often feel gloomy. When there is a beautiful and starry night, the moonlight makes us feel romantic.When we see the leaves budding on a tree or when a timid flower pushes through the frozen ground, or when we *** ell the freshness of spring, new hope will always e to us. Nature is truly an intrinsic part of our lives.When we wake and see a sunrise, when we walk and feel a breeze, when we gaze at the mountains and the splendor of the seas, when we see the earth renew its beauty at each season of the year, and when the stars shine at night, we should be so very thankful to the Lord for giving us all these wonderful and miraculous things. Learning to bee more aware of nature can truly have a good effect on our lives in the way we look at things and in the way we feel about ourselves.It is with much love that I dedicate these pages to a very special and wonderful person, Ginny Ellis. If it hadn't been for her, these pages would not be possible. I truly appreciate every beautiful poem that she has ever written. I thank you from the bottom of my heart, Ginny, for bringing so much beauty into the world.I would now like to share with you some of Ginny's and other poets verses and other things that capture Nature's moods and majesty. They may evoke some memories and dreams I do hope you will find something that you will enjoy.Some of the authors are unknown but if you know the correct source of items listed, I will appreciate hearing from you so corrections can be made and proper credit given.够了吧，好像有点长

his is a nature park. it's beautiful. the sky is blue and the air is fresh. look! the elephants are drinking water near the river. there are many animals in it. the kangaroos are leaping over the river. wow! the monkey is swinging. there are o birds in the tree. they are singing. i see o pretty bears. one is snoring on the stone. it has a sweet dream. the other is playing on the grass.how happy they are! his is a nature park. it's beautiful. There are woods around it.There are also many kinds of flowers, some are red, some are yellow and others are blue...

stantly caused by the destruction of the environment.First of all, the human huge unbridled deforestation and forest to decrease, which causes a lot of natural problems, such as soil erosion, desertification, dust storms... Human beings should protect the forest environment, thus preventing many natural disasters.Second, with thedevelopment of industry, to a large number of harmful gas emissions, lead to air quality drop, global warming, the atmosphere loophole, even causes acid rain. Human beings should be to prevent the harmful gas disorderly emissions, protection of air.In natural disasters, beforehuman always appears to be very *** all. So I think that human beings should protect the natural environment, so as to reduce the occurrence of natural disasters. At the same time also to improve human natur

Everyone can do something for our environment.Nowadays,our school students prepare to hold an english show about protecting the environment.But do you know how can we protect the environment?First,we can use less electric.For example,we can turn off all the lights when there are none in the classroom.Using less electricis a good wayto prevent the pollution.Second,we also can protect the forest.The forest can bring more free air.Then we can have fresh air and healthy body.Also, we can use both sides of paper.Wasting is a bad thing,we should remember.And we can use fewer paper cups and disposable chopsticks.They are not only hit the trees,but also hit persons.Now,let us save the environment!We can do!

1. 做研究之前，必须想清楚：结果能不能发表？发表在哪里？ 2. 先把文章大框写好，空出数据，等做完实验填完空就可以发了；正所谓心中有沟壑！ 3. 在未搞清“写什么、发哪里、自己研究与同类研究有何出色之处”之前，就不要动手做！ 4. 继续去看文献，去想；想不清楚就做还不如不做！ 5. 要想这样做，就得先看文献！要知道如何把文章架起来、要知道别人是如何讨论的、要知道自己的数据是不是说明了与别人不同的东东或别人没有做过……这个过程就是阅读文献及思考的过程，这些搞清楚了，写就简单了！ 6. 要是先做事，做完发现别人做过，或无法用理论来解释，岂不是冤大头？

下面谈一下投稿的基本过程，特别是与Cell、Nature、Science、PNAS等影响因子比较高的杂志有关的一些技术性问题，也许可以打破其神秘感。

其实这些杂志的主编，编辑们都经常在介绍其政策，评审标准，过程，等等。

他们也经常来中国访问。

今天我来代替他们介绍一下。

一个系列杂志叫Cell、Neuron、Immunity…..等等，原来都是从Cell分出来的。

这个杂志的基本特点是它有一个非常强的编委Editorial Board。

怎样的人可以当编委呢？他们往往是有名的科学家，而且也愿意并能够非常快地对投稿做出评估。

这些科学家也经常被选来做评审reviewer。

大家都知道每篇文章送到杂志社后，都要请该领域的2-3专家看，并匿名写出评审意见给作者。

你不知道是谁写的，但这些专家会给你提出批评，哪些地方不好，哪些地方需要进一步做实验，怎么样做，这就叫杂志评审。

Cell、Neuron、Immunity等这些杂志的评审不少就是编委做的。

因为现在杂志竞争的重要因素是发表要快，而做编委的专家能很快写出评审意见来。

还有一个特点，Cell等杂志主编，编辑有非常大的权利，他们甚至可以象追星族那样去追科学家，去参加各种各样的科学会议，当看到你有非常重要的最新成果，他们会去竞争，会问你，你的文章写出来了没有，我保证给你多少时间发表，等等。

另一个系列是Nature衍生出来的，这些杂志的特点是没有一个编委，但有一个评审专家库， 也就是说谁来评审，不是乱选的。

这些杂志主编，编辑也有相当大的权利。

这些是什么人呢？他们一般是读完博士，然后到非常好的实验室做博士后，这些人也许自己没有做出什么特别重大的贡献，没有什么好的文章，但他们欣赏能力特别好，文笔非常好，写得又快。

你可不要小看他们，虽然自己没有做出什么伟大的工作来，但他们的思想水平学术水平都相当不错，看得多，写得快，Nature、Science的编辑大同小异，都是这样一批年纪不大的人，很活跃，经常参加各种各样的会议和活动。

Science杂志的编辑权利相对小些，因为他们还有一个编委会editorial board，有相当大的权利。

一般过程是，当你的文章送到Science杂志社后，编辑先做一个初审，看一下是不是基本够格，然后他还要把文章的摘要Abstract送到编委会的某一个人那里，认可以后，才可以拿出去评审。

两道关卡，大部分文章一下子就这样被砍掉了。

PNAS杂志是美国科学院院刊，文章有好有坏，院士自己投稿就不需要经过评审，叫做contribute。

院士原来一年可以五篇，后来减到四篇、三篇，就是院士自己写的文章，只要你投就给你发表，不需要经过评审，相信你是院士，投科学论文应该有责任心的。

第二种叫做Communicate，不是院士自己的文章，是你的文章，院士觉得你的文章不错，他来给你通讯，投到PNAS杂志，这文章要评审，但是评审专家由院士自己来选。

所以这个也不怎么样。

还有一种叫Track C，就象一般杂志，你只要投过去，然后编辑部来给你选一个院士， 由他来找评审专家，相对来说，这比较客观些，所以Track C的文章质量就相对好一些。

我不是说院士的文章都很差，但院士有特权，可以把在其他杂志发不出去的文章，投到PNAS上去，所以在PNAS上有很多不怎么样的文章。

转载请注明出处 » nature 作文

在潍坊发表论文在哪发表

大部分论文都在期刊上发表,CN期刊。

少数的是发表到国外的期刊,或者直接是在杂志的官网上线,比如SCI。对于大多数人来说,发表CN期刊就可以了。

期刊，定期出版的刊物。如周刊、旬刊、半月刊、月刊、季刊、半年刊、年刊等。由依法设立的期刊出版单位出版刊物。期刊出版单位出版期刊，必须经新闻出版总署批准，持有国内统一连续出版物号，领取《期刊出版许可证》。

广义上分类

从广义上来讲，期刊的分类，可以分为非正式期刊和正式期刊两种。非正式期刊是指通过行政部门审核领取“内部报刊准印证”作为行业内部交流的期刊(一般只限行业内交流不公开发行)，但也是合法期刊的一种，一般正式期刊都经历过非正式期刊过程。

正式期刊是由国家新闻出版署与国家科委在商定的数额内审批，并编入“国内统一刊号”，办刊申请比较严格，要有一定的办刊实力，正式期刊有独立的办刊方针。

“国内统一刊号”是“国内统一连续出版物号”的简称，即“CN号”，它是新闻出版行政部门分配给连续出版物的代号。“国际刊号”是“国际标准连续出版物号”的简称，即“ISSN号”，我国大部分期刊都配有“ISSN号”。

此外，正像报纸一样，期刊也可以不同的角度分类。有多少个角度就有多少种分类的结果，角度太多则流于繁琐。一般从以下三个角度进行分类：

按学科分类

以《中国图书馆图书分类法.期刊分类表》为代表，将期刊分为五个基本部类：

(1)思想(2)哲学(3)社会科学(4)自然科学(5)综合性刊物。在基本部类中，又分为若干大类，如社会科学分为社会科学总论、政治、军事、经济、文化、科学、教育、体育、语言、文字、文学、艺术、历史、地理。

按内容分类

以《中国大百科全书》新闻出版卷为代表，将期刊分为四大类：

(1)一般期刊，强调知识性与趣味性，读者面广，如我国的《人民画报》、《大众电影》，美国的《时代》、《读者文摘》等;

(2)学术期刊，主要刊载学术论文、研究报告、评论等文章，以专业工作者为主要对象;

(3)行业期刊，主要报道各行各业的产品、市场行情、经营管理进展与动态，如中国的《摩托车信息》、《家具》、日本的《办公室设备与产品》等;

(4)检索期刊，如我国的《全国报刊索引》、《全国新书目》，美国的《化学文摘》等。

按学术地位分类

可分为核心期刊和非核心期刊（通常所说的普刊）两大类。

关于核心期刊

核心期刊，是指在某一学科领域(或若干领域)中最能反映该学科的学术水平，信息量大，利用率高，受到普遍重视的权威性期刊。

发表论文的平台如下：

1.知网

这里所说的是知网，是清华大学和清华同方共同办的这个数据库。在前些年他也叫中国期刊网，由于后来有人自己建了个网站也叫中国期刊网，自己收录期刊，假李逵装真李逵。玩文字游戏，导致很多作者被上当。

所以现在知网对外不称中国期刊网了，就是叫知网。从论文发表来说，知网是最权威的，最有说服力的数据库。

凡是知网收录的期刊，一定是正规的，可以放心大胆的发表的，但是最近这两年知网变得更严格，所以知网收录的期刊发表费用比较贵一些。

2.万方数据库

万方数据库，也是一个比较大的论文数据库，仅次于知网。其权威性和重要性就等于是一个弱化版的知网，但是也是比较大。

从期刊正规性来说，如果一个期刊，知网不收录，但是万方数据库收录，说明还是比较正规的，虽然不如知网收录的那么正规。但是对于一般单位来说够用。

对于大学这样的单位可能必须要求知网。而对于一些企业单位，只要万方数据库能检索到已经发表的论文，就算不错了。所以，万方数据库也是一个必须参考的标准。

3.维普网

维普网在前些年实际上假刊比较多，比较泛滥，这两年所说期刊审核严格，上面审核严格，但是维普网收录的期刊从正规性和权威性上来说，都是严重不如知网和万方数据库。

对于很多要求不高的单位，或者评一些初级职称的单位，只有维普网收录的期刊还能管点用。稍微严格一些的，就不大灵光了。

发表在sci的论文在哪看

1、知网高级检索页，先点击下方的“学术期刊”板块，就出现了“来源类别”选项，可选sci

2、Web of Science是获取全球学术信息的重要数据库，收录各学科领域中权威、有影响力的期刊。Web of Science 包括著名的三大引文索引数据库(SCI、SSCI、A&HCI)。

在Web of Science首页选择“Web of Science核心合集”

查找 SCI 论文有用的方法和步骤如下：

1、使用学术搜索引擎。像 Google Scholar、Microsoft Academic、PubMed 等搜索引擎都提供了检索 SCI 论文的功能，可以根据关键词、作者、期刊等信息来查找相关的文献。

2、使用学术文献数据库。常见的学术文献数据库包括 Web of Science、Scopus、CNKI 等，这些数据库都提供了广泛的文献资源，可以通过关键词、作者、期刊等信息来检索 SCI 论文。

3、根据期刊的影响因子进行筛选。SCI 期刊是由 Clarivate Analytics 公司评定的高影响因子期刊，因此可以根据期刊的影响因子来筛选和查找 SCI 论文。

4、使用专门的SCI论文检索工具。一些专门的SCI论文检索工具如SCI-Hub，可以在无法获取到付费SCI论文时通过检索页面直接获取到论文全文。

以下是搜sci论文的方法：

一、通过CNKI、万方数据

很多学术论文检索的网站都可以检索到SCI论文，例如CNKI，万方数据等。我们以CNKI为例，看看如何查询。

登录CNKI官网，在页面内选择高级检索跳转至检索页面后，在“学术期刊”中选择“SCI来源”，随后在检索栏里输入相应的期刊名、作者等信息。

二、通过Web of Science和Sciencedirect进行查询

CNKI可以查到绝大部分的SCI论文，但是不如Web of Science和Sciencedirect收录的全面，上述两个网站，一个是SCI的官网网站，一个是专门收录SCI论文的网站。在收录领域完全覆盖的同时，更新的速度快。两个网站的检索论文方式差不多，以Web of Science为例。

二者检索论文的方式差异不大，以Web of Science为例，登陆官网后在数据库中选择“Core collection”,在搜索框内输入期刊名、刊号等相关信息。

三、Web of Science不是免费开放的

在学术者检索论文之前，需要明确的是，SCI的数据库并不免费开放。如果查询者并不想花费查询费用，可以寻找就近的高等院校，通过该院校校园网账号进入高等教育图书馆的SCI数据库进行检索。

在哪里发表论文在哪找

写论文推荐以下网站：

1、知网

这个网站作为大学生都应该知道，知网是国内查找学术文献最齐全的网站，以收录核心期刊和专业期刊为主。

大多数高校都会给学生购买知网的版权，学生可以通过校园网登陆网站进行查询下载资料，那在校外也可以通过对应的账号进行登陆，随时下载文献。

2、维普网

中文科技期刊资源一站式服务平台，维普网是国内独家仓储式作品出版平台，提供各类学术论文、各类范文、中小学课件、教学资料等文献下载。

3、万方数据知识服务平台

内容以科技信息为主，兼顾人文，适合工科或理工科院校，重点收录以科技部论文统计源的核心期刊，核心期刊比例高，收录文献质量高。

4、百度学术

百度学术可以快速检测到收费和免费的学术论文、图书、会议等，而且支持时间、关键词、作者等多种条件的筛选，针对一篇文章还提供了多个来源，一个网站无法下载，可以用另外一个。

与百度学术类似的还有Bing学术搜索、谷歌学术搜索。

5、中国国家图书馆

与国内多家公共图书馆联合，集合4万余册电子图书资源、上千种电子期刊以及各地图书馆分站的优质特色数字资源。只需要注册、实名认证就可以免费下载和查看。

6、超星发现

这个网站主要面向大学以上高校用户，是全世界最大的中文电子书图书网站，数据涵盖了1949年后85%以上的中国大陆所有出版书籍。

毕业设计可以去以下网址找.

一、 综合类1、蓝之韵论文http://www.21blue.com 门类较全。2、学生大论文中心、蜂朝无忧论文网门类很全。4、论文下载中心门类很全。5、论文帝国

二、 教育类1、教研论文交流中心以中小学教育为主，基础教育、英语教学文章居多。2、教育教学论文网以教育论文为主，包含：语文论文 美术论文 物理论文化学论文 英语论文 历史论文 德育论文 教学论文数学论文 音乐论文 生物论文 自然论文 体育论文地理论文 摄影论文 劳动技术 农村教育 毕业论文素质论文 医学论文 电子电器学 思维科学 计算机论文活动课教学 书法篆刻论文 创新教育研究 心理健康教育西部教育论文 信息技术论文3、教育论文、中国园丁网论文大观、北大附小学校教师的文章：三、 专业类1、优秀论文杂志以科技类为主。2、论文资料网以财经经济管理类为主。3、法律图书馆文如其名。4、法学论文资料库文如其名。5、中国总经理网论文集、mba职业经理人论坛、中国农业在线-农业论文、体育论文、财经学位论文下载中心、公开发表论文_深圳证券交易所、中国路桥资讯网论文资料中心、论文商务中心、法律帝国：四、 论文写作教学类1、学术论文其实是学术论文的写作网站。五、 博硕士论文1、论文统计实际上就是万方的论文统计。2、台湾博硕士论文咨讯网、北京大学学位论文样本收藏、学位论文 （清华大学）科技论文在线论文中国 :新浪论文网分类:中国论文联盟:大学生论文库论文资料网:论文下载中心:毕业论文网:学位论文:无忧论文网:北京语言文化大学论文库:

在国外发表论文在哪看

1、掌桥科研（一站式服务平台）

该网站拥有51258309篇外文文献，包含外文期刊、外文会议、外文OA文献、美国政府科技报告、外军科技报告等各领域文献，并在不断更加中，值得一提的是，该网站机译外文论文。

2、剑桥大学机构知识库

该网站提供剑桥大学相关的期刊、学术论文、学位论文等电子资源。

3、LolMy Thesis 哈佛毕业论文分享网站

该网站是由哈佛学院学生创办的论文分享网站，所有的论文都支持在线阅读，免费使用。

4、HighWire斯坦福学术文献电子期刊

home.highwire.org/

该网站号称是提供免费全文的、全球最大的学术文献出版商之一。该网站收录了电子期刊882种，文章总数已达282万篇，其中超过103万篇文章可免费获得全文，重点是这些数据仍在不断增加。

5、发展中国家联合期刊库

该网站提供来自发展中国家（如巴西、古巴、印度、印尼、肯尼亚、南非、乌干达、 津巴布韦等）的开放获取的多种期刊的全文。

找国外论文一般去ProQuest、SpringerLink、4eBooks、Many Books、SCIENCEDIRECT数据库、PQDD-B、IEL等网站。

1、ProQuest。

这个数据库算是比较全的硕博士学位论文数据库了

2、SpringerLink。

包含学科比较多，如化学、计算机科学、经济学、工程学等等等11个学科，其中许多为核心期刊。

3、4eBooks。

一个专业提供免费计算机电子书下载的网站，拥有庞大的计算机编程技术类电子书。上千本免费计算机电子书与编程知识随君索取。

4、 Many Books。

也是免费电子书下载网站，优势在于它可以保存几十种电子书格式，PDF， RTF，JAR随性切换。

5、SCIENCEDIRECT数据库。

是荷兰ElsevierScience公司推出的在线全文数据库，该数据库将其出版的1,568种期刊全部数字化。

6、PQDD-B（UMI博硕士论文数据库）。

可查询欧美1000余所大学1861年以来的160多万篇学位论文的信息，其中1997年以来的部分论文不但能看到文摘索引，还可以看到前24页的原文。

7、IEL（IEEE/IEEE Electronic Library）全文库。

收录了美国电气与电子工程师（IEEE）学会和英国电气工程师学会（IEE）自1988年以来出版的约6000多种会议录（全文）。