英语版文学毕业论文

在全球化时代,随着国际交流日益增多,中国对高质量英语人才的要求也达到了前所未有的高度。英语教学在中国高等教育体系中占据着举足轻重的地位,也肩负着社会培养高质量人才的重任。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于毕业英语论文范文大全的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!毕业英语论文范文大全篇1 浅谈老水手的心理历程——《苦舟子咏》读后感 [摘要]：《苦舟子咏》是英国19世纪湖畔派诗人柯勒律治的一首长诗。全诗是一个充满了奇幻之美的的航海故事。全诗探索人生的罪与罚问题，诗人把热爱宇宙的万物泛神论思想和____思想结合起来，宣传仁爱和基督____罪思想。诗中的水手的心理活动刻画得细致入微，水手杀掉信天翁表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物，他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了对这个世界的感情，最后水手内心发生转变，以新的态度对待自然，为此他才得以解脱出来。 [关键词]：老水手;道德;内疚;痛苦;赎罪 Abstract: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s masterpieces. It is a long poem, telling a story in the form of ballads .The poem can be approached as a dream voyage to another realm, as a story of sin and expatiation, or as the quiet essential representation of the alienated isolated modern individual. 一、作者简介塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)1772年10月21日生于英格兰西南部德文郡一个乡镇牧师的家庭。9岁丧父，被送往伦敦基督慈幼学校上学，熟读希腊、罗马文学。19岁入剑桥大学，与骚塞相识。当时两人都同情法国革命，但又都害怕革命暴力，于是设想去美洲建立乌托邦社会。计划失败后柯尔律治移居英格兰部西部湖区，致力于写诗，并与华兹华斯结成密友。他憎恶资本主义城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系，于是远离城市，隐居于昆布兰湖区，寄情山水或缅怀中世纪的宗法社会。他们创作出歌颂大自然的或美化宗法制农村生活方式的诗篇，以抵制丑恶的资本主义现实。因此被称为“湖畔派诗人”。1798年，两人合作出版著名的《抒情歌谣集》。同年他与华兹华斯兄妹到德国留学，被康德的哲学和耶拿派的诗歌理论和创作所吸引。回国后继续居住于湖区，与华兹华斯保持往来。柯尔律治年青时代即患有风湿痛等多种疾病。为求镇痛他长期服食鸦片竟至上瘾，故健康大受损害。晚年他贫病交加，1834年7月25日逝世于海格特。柯尔律治的作品以真的细节描绘超自然的神秘事物，令人甘愿暂时不去考虑普通情理而信以为真，并在领略到一种怪异的美的同时获得教益或良知的觉醒。柯尔律治的创作实践和理论建设，不仅影响过他的同时代人，也影响了包括和他政治态度相左的拜伦、雪莱和济慈，而且，对于时至今日的诗歌艺术探索者，仍具有重要的借鉴价值。他在英国文学史上有重要地位，是浪漫主义思潮的重要代表。二、《苦舟子咏》简介《苦舟子咏》是柯尔律治唯一一部完整的长诗。这部长625行的叙事谣曲是一个神秘恐怖的浪漫故事：一名老水手对一个赴结婚宴的客人讲述了他自己的可怕的故事。客人想走开，赶快去赴宴，却为老水手眼中的特殊表情所吸引住，不得不站在那里把这个故事听完了。老水手和同伴们坐了一艘船出海去。一路上很平安。然后遇到了一阵暴风，暴风过后，这位水手却无端地射杀一只了航海者认为好运象征的信天翁。因此，厄运又降临了。船驶进静海中，那里没有风也没有浪;太阳如火如荼地照耀着。海水绿绿地满载着腐物。船停在那里不动，老水手被视为这次厄运的造因者。水手们都渴得要死去，仿佛有一只船要驶进救他们却又消失不见了。那是一只幻船，水手们一个个都死在甲板上，每个死者的眼光都注定在这位杀死信天翁的水手身上。全船的人，只有他没有死。后来，他对于自所做的恶罪觉得悔恨。于是天使们可怜他的悲苦，使死尸们站了起来，仍去做水手们的职务。他们开上了帆。虽然没有风，船却渐渐地移动。于是，这船一直驶到了老水手的故乡。一个领航者离了海岸，出来迎接。但在他到这船之前，它却突然地沉下了，留下了这位老水手在海波中与死神挣扎着。他被领航者所救。后来，他一想起那时受的言之不尽的痛苦，便不能忍。他的心在体内烧着，一直到了把这可怕的故事说了出来，方才觉得舒服。三、分析老水手的心理历程 “自由、平等、博爱”是资产阶级道德重要规范。“自由、平等、博爱”的口号是资产阶级革命时期提出来的。它既是资产阶级的政治主张，又是资产阶级道德的重要内容。这一口号的提出不仅在政治上曾经起过推动历史进步的作用，而且在人类道德发展史上也是一个巨大的进步，因为它否定了人身依附关系，肯定了人身自由;否定了等级特权，肯定了人的平等;否定了把人不当人的非人道主义的博爱思想。一句话，肯定了人的尊严、价值以及个人对幸福的追求。所以，它对个性的张扬和自我意识的发展，对人们挣脱禁欲主义、蒙昧主义、等级主义的枷锁都起到了巨大的革命作用。西方____的万物泛神论主张神无处不在，万物都是神的表象。这种主张认为：上帝就等于万事万物;任何个别事物就是上帝;世上的事物实际上都是虚无的。在这两种思想的支配下，作者把信天翁认为是基督____徒。老水手无端地射死了信天翁，表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物，他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了对这个世界的感情。老水手违反上天的指意，违反自然规律，射死了无辜的信天翁，必然要受到惩罚。于是，灾难来了：风停了，船无法前进，阳光酷热，水手们口干舌燥。这时候，有人指责老水手——“你怎敢放肆，将神鸟射死!是它引来了南风。”此时，老水手开始意识到自己行为的错误。于是，他开始不断地感到内疚。心理学认为，在道德情感系统中，羞耻感是其中的一个元素。毕达哥拉斯要求人们对自己言行进行反省以后，就应该在内心里对卑劣的行为感到羞耻、悲哀和恐惧;对善良行为感到欣喜。沙莆慈伯利认为，道德上的善恶主要取决于感情系统中的羞耻感。他说：“凡出自不公正的情感所作的，就是不义恶行和过失;如果情感公正、健全、良好，并且情感的内容有益于社会，而且还是以有益于社会方式施行，或有所感动，这就必定在任何行动中构成我们所说的公平和正直。”不义、恶行和过失将引起人们的羞耻感。羞耻感是个人的自我道德意识的一种表现，表示一个人对自己的行为、动机和道德品质的谴责时的内心体验。良心是羞耻感的的主要作用机制，常表现出焦虑、羞愧和内疚等情绪。道德焦虑是一种复合情绪。其中，痛苦和畏惧是主要构成“因子”。但它仅以避免外在处罚为目的，是低级形式的羞耻感，可又是羞耻感发生的基础。那么，羞耻感的真正作用是什么?是内疚，只有内疚才是高度的主体意识的产物，它激活潜在的思维和力量，专注与对过失的懊悔和追悔的行为，促进个体的心理成熟。如果个体内疚匮乏，那他将对道德不屑一顾，达不到“有羞知格”的认识。同时，羞耻感要以自尊为前提，一个没有自尊的人是不会知耻的，更不会自责。自尊体现了对自我社会话的切近，没有自尊的防卫，就不可能有自责的意识和行为的发生。老水手对自己的不道德行为知耻，惭愧和悔恨。老水手真是由于良心发现才深感自己行为的错误，于是惶惶终日，不断自责自己。事态进一步发展，在他忏悔和祈祷下挂在脖子下的鸟掉下来了，但是同行的水手都因为缺水而一个个地死去，只有老水手一个人活着。这似乎是上帝对他的又一个惩罚。他一方面觉得自己的罪行深重，导致了其他水手的死亡——痛苦;另一方面在茫茫大海中，一条船上就他孤零零的一个人——恐惧。于是他的内心又经历了一场痛苦与恐惧的考验。良心是每个人自身内部的道德评析，是自己对自己行为道德价值的认识、认知、判断、态度、感情、体验、意向、意志、动机等一切心理反应活动。老水手不断对自己惊醒良心谴责。良心的基本因素是感情，感情是对需要的体验，是心理的动力因素。它一方面产生良心的认知因素，推动自己去判断自己行为的道德价值;另一方面则产生良心意志因素，推动自己做出改过迁善的选择。在行为过后，良心对行为的后果有影响和评价作用。对于履行了道德义务并产生了好后果的影响和行为，它便于进行自我谴责，使人感到内疚、惭愧和悔恨。这种自我谴责，往往能形成一种力量，促使人们改正自己的行为。后来，老水手虔诚地祈求海蛇破开魔法，他才获救得以回家。人非圣贤，孰能无过?人生在生活中不免发生道德过失。道德反省就是通过对道德过失的追悔，从而激励人们采用新的道德行为去补救已经酿成的道德不幸，并且通过对道德过失的觉醒为将要开始的道德行为提供罗盘。道德反省的实质在于主体对自己已作的道德选择进行批判性的分析，是在主体已经体验到自己的道德行为存在着过失的情况下，从而进行的对自己内心的深刻反思。通过反思，要为今后的行为提供新的路线和方案，明白来者可追，逝者可补。在今后的行动过程中，要用千倍的补偿替代原有的损失;通过反思，主体对自我发展和自我需要与社会道德的系统会领悟得更加深刻。故事的最后，老水手回到了家。于是出现了开篇的那一幕：他极力拉住去赴婚宴的人，让他们听他讲这个离奇的故事——他想寻找听众，承认自己的错误，说出自己的故事，解除内心的痛苦——赎罪。尽管老水手已经虔诚忏悔，但还是有种负罪感难以释怀，于是他渴望被人理解，宣泄出来以排除内心的痛苦。生活也是这样，当我们遇到困难、痛苦的时候，不要封闭自己，找一个忠实的听众，把自己的苦恼说给他听。这是一种释放压力的好方法。总之，柯尔律治的这首诗歌以神秘、怪诞著称，其中的心理描写可谓是典范!诗歌探讨了罪与罚、善与恶，生与死等哲学问题，宣传了一切生物皆上帝听造的教义。但诗歌的真正价值并不在故事本身或它所包含的哲理上，而在以造型艺术的精确性和音乐的流动感为读者创造了一幅幅神奇的海洋画面：时而风平浪静，沉寂安宁;时而风暴骤起，一片喧嚣。在写作此诗时，柯尔律治并不熟悉大海，但他能凭借想象，使真实的情形与幻想的景象互相交织，把平凡的细节与诗意的象征融为一体，充分显示了瑰丽奇特的想象能力。在诗艺上，长诗将英国民歌的自由与古典文人诗的谨严冶于一炉，炼就出适合表达浪漫主义情绪的活泼自然的诗体，而长诗的音韵与节奏之美，也表现了诗人能让文字进行歌唱的本领。 [参考文献]：《英美文学选读》天津大学出版社出版《英国文学简史》河南人民出版社出版《道德心理学》中南大学出版社出版毕业英语论文范文大全篇2 浅谈东西方数字九的文化对比分析与翻译一、前言 "数是人类思维发展到一定阶段，为适应社会生产活动的需要，在符号的帮助下产生的。"(苏金智，19 91)"数字是语言学中的一个特殊的领域。在科学的数字世界里，它的功能是计算，秩序严谨，职司分明，是实数;而在人类心灵的数字世界中，它的功能是表义，许多数字经过“神化”后成为“玄数”、 “虚数”、“ 天数"。它们有着极其丰富的外延和内涵。"(王秉钦，1998) 由于受东西方文化传统、宗教信仰、语言崇拜、地理环境等方面的影响，数字的神化存在着东西方的差异，但也存在着共性，有着共同的规律。在"数的灵物崇拜"上各民族都有普通性。东方人有自己心目中的"天数"，而西方人也有自己心目中的"神数"。神秘数字的演化规律一般经过"神化—泛化—虚化"的过程。( 王秉钦，1998) 东西方已有不少有关数字科学的专著和论文，如毕达哥拉斯(phythagoras) 学派的T·丹齐克的《数科学语言》(商务印书馆，1998)，英国人伦拉德·法拉的《七的探源》;国内也有不少学者就数字写过著作和论文，并开展过学术探讨。如，王秉钦教授在其《语言与翻译新论》的中篇第六章就以"数的语义范围比较与翻译"为专题;苏金智曾写过《数的灵物崇拜》(载〈语言、社会、文化》 440页，语文出版社，1991，1) 等。在1998 年南昌大学主办的"中国英汉语比较研究会第二届年会暨第三次学术研讨会"上，英汉文化对比专业委员会会员曾就中南工业大学外语学院吴玲英老师的《中西文学中"以三为法”的文化模式》展开了激烈的讨论。本人认为东方人，尤其是中国人，自己心目中的天数是"九"而不是"三"，也并非完全是因为"九" 是"三"的倍数。二、东西方数字"九"的文化对比分析在我国，人们之所以把"九"看成是自己心目中的"天数"和最富有神奇色彩的数字，是因为"九" 这个数字的象征意义(symbolicmeaning)，在我国可以说历时最久，涉及面也最广。 "九"作为数不同于一般数字，在中国古代被认为是一种神秘的数字，它起初是龙形(或蛇形)图腾化之文字，继而演化出"神圣" 之意，于是中国古代历代帝王为了表示自己神圣的权力为天赐神赋，便竭力把自己同“九”联系在一起。如天分九层，极言其高，天证/诞日为正月初九，天子祭天一年九次。更有趣的是连皇宫建筑都与"九"有关。例如，北京城有九门，天安门城楼面阔九问，门上饰有九路钉(即每扇门的门钉纵横各九排)。汉语词汇中也常用"九"来形容帝王将相的称谓，如"九五之尊"(imperial throne);称官位仅次于皇帝的王爷为"九千岁 "等。根据阴阳五行与数的关系，万物之根均为数，宇宙也是数。数始于1而终于 10，五行也是数，按传统的五行理论来划分，则1、2为木：1为阳木，2为阴木。以3、4为火：3为阳火，4为阴火。以5、6为土：5为阳土，6为阴土。以7、8为金：7为阳金，8为阴金。以9、10为水：9 为阳水，10为阴水。这就是将"象"、"数"与五行结合起来推演变化，用以显示事物发展变化的内在联系。由此看来，"九"是最大的阳数，象征着天。传说古代中国人把天分为九层，九层天是天的最高处，汉语中有关词汇有"九重霄"(指极高的天空， "九霄云外" ，"九天揽月"，"九天九地"等。另外，天坛，这个明清两代祭天的场所，其建筑无处不体现着“九”的象征意义。民间传说中还有"九头鸟"(nine-headed bird: a fabulous bird whose appearance was f ormerlyregarded as a bad omcn)的故事。中国人以"九"为大数，刘师培在《古书疑义举例补》一书中写道："凡数指其极者，皆得称之为'九' ;"《素问》中说："天地之数，始于一，终于九。"因此，汉语中有"九九归一"或"九九归原"之说。因从"九"为数之极而引出人生之限，故"明九"或"暗九"均为人生之"坎"，避讳有“九”之岁。例如：“ 老太太因明年八十一岁，是个暗九。"(《红楼梦》)。日本人一般认为"九"是"苦命和痛苦"的象征，因为"九"与"苦"同音，因此忌讳 "九"。然而，《外语与外语教学》曾报道过国内一位学者曾为考证这一点，采用"全选法"将日本某地电话号码其中的几千个姓和名分别进行统计，结果发现将"九"作为姓的只占极少数(约占)，而将"九"作为名的却不少(约占35%)。看来，日本人忌讳"九"也并非绝对。此外，《词源》中说："九：虚指多数。""九"作虚数解时，是数的一种语义模糊现象。《现代汉语词典》中，"九"的意思有三个：(1)数目，八加一后所得;(2)从冬至起每九天是一个"九"，从一"九" 数起，二"九"、三 "九"，一直数到九"九"为止。冬练三九，夏练三伏;(3)表示多数或多次：九泉，三弯九转等。因此，汉语中有不少和"九"有关的成语。如："九牛一毛"、"九死一生"、"九牛二虎之力" 、"九流宾客"等等。在我国，数字"九"涉及面在所有数字中最广。含有数字"九"的词汇也十分丰富。如，"九州"是指传说中的我国上古行政区划，后用作"中国"的代称。因此，有的全国性的电视节目就取名为“九州方圆”;“ 九族"(the nine degrees of kindred: either thenine generations from one's great-great-gr andfather down toone's great-great-grandson;or four generations of one'spatemal relations, three generations of one's matemalrelations, and two generations of noe's wife's relatio ns)，古代有一种残酷的刑法叫"诛灭九族";古代传说 "龙生九子，各有所好"。因此，《红楼梦》第九回中用"一龙生九种，种种各别"来比喻贾氏家族族大人多，龙蛇混杂，好坏不一，各种各样的人都有。还有 " 九龙杯"等。此外，在文娱、体育等词汇中，数字"九"也比比皆是。如，许多歌名都以"九"开头："九妹 "、"九九艳阳天"、"九百九十九朵玫瑰" 等;乐器中也有"九音锣";在体育活动中，"九柱戏"(nine pins)，兵器中有"九节鞭"[但这与西方文化中的"九尾鞭”(cat-o '-nine- tails: an instrurnent of punishment so calledfrom the nine pieces of leather or cord which compose it)意义不大一样]。地名中也有一些以"九"开头的，如"九寨沟"、"九华山"、"九江"和"九龙"等。此外，中国人常把" 九"看成为吉祥数字之一。在申请电话号码时，人们宁愿多出钱去买一个尾数为"8"或 "9"的吉祥号码。比如，湖南有线电视台的"欢乐热线"号码为"16899919"。在西方，数字"九"也是人们心目中的"神数"之一。对西方人来说， "九"的象征意义是"神性"、 "神圣之至"。英语权威字典Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's ThirdIntema tional Dictionary 中对"九"所解释的意义比《现代汉语词典》所解释的意义还多，分别有： 1)one more than eight, three threes, the square of three;2) nine units of objects (a tota l of nine) ; 3) a: thenumerable quantity symbolized by the arabic numeral 9; b: thefigure 9 ; 4) nine o'clock——compared Bell table, timeillustration; 5) the ninth size in a set series: as a; aplaying team of nine members, baseball team; b:the firstor last 9 hol es of an 18-hole golf course…。其中收入与"九"有关词语和成语多达近二十条。常用的有： a nine-day's wonder (an object or event that creates ashort-lived sensation) ____Those political expositions…that make a nine day'snine wonder till something fresh c omes alone——Mary Deasy. nine times out of ten(very often) be dressed up to the nines(elaborately dressed, as for aformal occasion) ____She dressed herself up to the nines and went to theparty. in the nineholes:in the difficult situation nine-men's morris: morris played with nine counters A cat has nine lives: A cat can move so fast and jump sowell that he seems to escape being killed many times. 从以上的解释还可以发现一个规律：数字"九"及其倍数在西方也被广泛运用于文娱和体育活动中。如，保龄球(bowling )中的瓶状木柱数(ninepins) 为"九"; 高尔夫球球场有一十八个洞：跳子棋的棋板上各方均为九个孔; 古时英国还有一种九个男人一起跳的舞蹈(morrisdance)等。由此看来，数字"九" 也倍受西方人的青睐。总之，在东西方文化中，数字"九"含有以下主要共性： 1)东西方大多数人把数字"九"看成神秘的数字，其象征意义均有"神圣"之意。 2)在东西方文化中，数字"九"均可虚指多数。 3)数字"九"被广泛运用于文体项目中。数字“九”在东西方文化中的个性恐怕主要在于：对中国人来说，其神奇色彩要比西方人更浓;其象征意义的历史在东方文化中比西方文化中更悠久;其涉及面在东方文化中比西方文化中更广泛。三、数字"九"的翻译问题罗马西塞罗说过："翻译不是字当句对，而是保留语言的总风格和力量。""按分量而不是按数量译词" 。此处所说的数字是指经过神化、泛化、虚化了的"虚数"，"实数"的翻译不在此例。根据这一理论，结合东西方文化的共性与个性，可采用如下的翻译方法，并遵循以下的翻译原则。可采取的翻译方法主要有： (一)保留原数字 . We thought our cat would be killed when he fell fromthe roof of the house. He was not, he used up one of his ninelives. 我们以为我们的猫从屋顶掉下来会死了，它并没死，只失掉九条命中的一条。这样翻译过来，人们很容易接受，因为人们已熟悉"猫有九命"这个成语，并能够促进东西方文化的融合。 (二)转换成各民族喜爱的数字 out of ten——十之八九 nine days' wonder———可翻译为"昙花一现"，这样翻译可以加深对奈达的"对等"和纽马克的"转换"翻译理论的理解。 (三)增舍数字比如，"九死一生"可翻译成"a narrow escape from death;survival after many hazards";又如，"九九归一，还是他说的话对。"可翻译成"All things considered,what he says is right."其译文均舍弃了数字，转译其形象意义。应遵循的原则主要有： (一)民族性原则比如，汉语中的"费了九牛二虎之力"，《汉英词典》(外研社，1996)的译文有三个："strain onese lf to the limit; use everyounce of one's strength; make herculean efforts"。笔者认为第二种译文 "use every ounce of one's strength "更符合"民族性原则”，成功地将东方文化中该成语的比喻意义转化成了西方文化语言中的形象意义。 (二)习语性原则比如："匡超人此时恍若亲见瑶宫仙子，月下嫦娥，那魂灵都飘到九霄云外去了。"(《儒林外史》)，其译文为"Kuang felt that he was gazing at a goddess and his spirit had flown to heaven."这种译文因遵循了"习语性原则"，充分地体现了人类交际行为的一个最根本原则——语言——符号的经济原则。 (三)形象性原则数字用于模糊意义时，一般都失去了其数量意义而具有形象意义。翻译时，必须越出其理性意义而捕捉其与其它的词结合后所产生的形象意义。比如："飞流直下三千尽，疑是银河落九天(李白)。"此句诗中的"九天" 的形象意义为"极高的天空 "，因此，可翻译成"Down itcascades a sheer three thousand feet—As if the Silver River [. the Milky. Way]were falling from heaven!"猜你喜欢： 1. 毕业英语论文范文 2. 英美文学毕业论文优秀范文 3. 商务英语专业毕业论文范文 4. 大学英语毕业论文范文 5. 英语专业论文范文 6. 本科英语专业论文范文

英美文学经典作品是英语语言学习中的一个非常重要的组成部分,一个良好的英语语言水平离不开英美文学作品阅读的训练。下文是我为大家整理的关于英美文学毕业论文优秀范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英美文学毕业论文优秀范文篇1 试析英美文学中的文化问题摘要：语言与文学作品能够准确地反映出一个民族文化环境中的习俗、信仰和普遍价值取向，在学习英美文学的过程中，也必然会接触到作品中所含有的各种文化知识，学校开设英美文学课程的主要目的在于培养学生的阅读欣赏能力以及在英美文学阅读中的理解能力，高等学校对英美文学课程的重视对于学生提高自身的英语水平起到了很大的作用。关键词：英美文学文化问题历史文化背景随着经济全球化趋势的不断加快，英美文学逐渐成为高等院校非常重视的一门专业必修课程，学校开设英美文学课程的主要目的在于培养学生的阅读欣赏能力以及在英美文学阅读中的理解能力，高等学校对英美文学课程的重视对于学生提高自身的英语水平起到了很大的作用，但是随之而来产生了一些文化问题，很多学生由于对英美文学缺乏深层含义的了解而逐渐丧失英美文学阅读的兴趣，这就要求我们在阅读英美文学的过程中要将语言学知识掌握扎实，广泛了解英美文化知识，从而不断增强英美文学课程开设的积极意义。一、文化因素在英美文学中的重要性随着我国与世界各国之间的联系越来越密切，跨文化能力逐渐成为英语教学过程中的重要组成部分，在英美文学的教学中也逐渐显示出其强大的生命力，语言本身就是一种文化，而语言与文学作品又能够准确地反映出一个民族文化环境中的习俗、信仰和普遍价值取向，我们在学习英美文学的过程中，也必然会接触到作品中所含有的各种文化知识，在英美文学的学习过程当中，学习者的个人情感因素非常重要，而其所掌握的文化知识也是不可或缺的。在传统的英美文学教学中，我国的大部分高校文学教师都过分注重对文本阅读的重视和对英美文学作品的研究，忽视了指导学生对英美文学创作背景的认识，这样的教学方式使得大部分学生在学习的过程中缺乏基本的文化理解能力，对于英美文学中的文化因素不能做到深入的了解，对所阅读的英美文学作品中的文化内涵缺乏认知能力，使得学生在阅读英美文学作品时只能浮于表面，无法准确揭示文学作品当中的深层文化意义。任何一门文学课程的学习都需要学习着具备较强的文化思想，并且具备一定的理解能力，而要想不断提高自身在学习文学作品当中的理解能力，就需要学习者首先对这门文学所产生的背景文化知识有一个深入的了解，一个优秀的文学学习者在文化经验、认知能力、语言学知识等各个方面都应当有较强的造诣，在英美文学的学习过程当中，学习者掌握一定的语言文化知识固然很重要，但是仅仅掌握语言文化知识也远远不够的，要想真正将英美文学的内容了解透彻。我们还应当不断加强对英美文化背景知识的认识，只有借助于英美文化背景知识的帮助，学习者才能真正深入了解英美文学中的文化内涵，对于英美文学中所展现出的生活方式、宗教习俗、思维模式、价值取向、历史发展状况等有一个基本的把握，真正理解作品中所具有的思想感情，这种对于文学作品的理解能力的培养不是一朝一夕的过程，在这一过程中，学生必须坚持不懈，文学教师也应当指导学生掌握正确的学习方法，养成科学阅读英美文学作品的良好习惯，使学生在学习中不断提高阅读英美文学作品的能力，提高自身的文学素养。二、英美文学学习中所出现的文化问题 1、英美文学学习中的社会文化问题。任何一种语言实际上本身就是一种文化，而且在语言的发展过程中，社会文化也能够对其产生一定的影响，语言是文学作品组成的重要元素，在不同的社会环境中所形成的语言文化是不同的，这就使得文学作品在创作过程中不可避免地要受到社会文化的影响，例如，我们现在常常说“艳照门”、“捐款门”中的这个“门”字实际上代表的是一种“丑闻”的意思，那么“门”字的这层意思是如何而来的呢，这就要联系到一定的社会背景，自此以后，人们在遇到一些社会丑闻问题时便常常联想起这一事件，“门”字也就逐渐由了另一层的文化意义，由此看来，了解一个民族的社会文化背景对于学生理解英美文学的深层含义是具有重要意义的。 2、英美文学学习中的地区文化问题。我们所说的地区文化实际上就是一种在特定的地区环境中所逐渐产生的带有地区文化特色的文化，学生在学习英美文学的过程中如果对这些地区文化不了解，就有可能造成文学时的障碍，例如，在学习诗人雪莱的《西风颂》的时候，如果学生对于英国的气候有一个准确的了解，就有可能理解不了作者为什么会把“西风”写成一种像打着春天脚步的风的形象，因为在我国，一提到西风，大家一般会联想到“西风凛冽”这个词，在文学作品中，西风不仅代表气候的不适宜，也常常在作品中衬托一种压抑、苦闷的心情，而在地处高纬度的英国，西风具有非常温暖舒适的特点，这种地区间的文化差异，也容易造成学生在学习英美文学作品时的困惑。 3、英美文学学习中的历史文化问题。历史文化因素在任何一种文学作品中都是非常具有影响力的，文学作品本身就是对民族历史文化的反映，是在社会历史发展的过程中逐渐产生的，如果学生在学习英美文学作品的时候对英美国家的历史文化不了解，在理解作品含义时也就不可避免的会出现一些文化障碍问题，我国在历史发展的过程中与西方历史存在着很大的不同，如果对这种历史发展进程中的差异性不能做到准确的把握，就极容易产生一些阅读障碍。 4、英美文学学习中的宗教文化问题。世界上的很多文学作品都涉及到伊斯兰教、__、佛教等宗教文化因素，各个国家和地区所信仰的宗教文化也是不同的，宗教文化的分布不同，使得各国文化在发展的过程中也相应地受到了一些影响，并且不同国家在宗教方面的信仰能够体现这一地区的一定的文化禁忌，如果对这种文化禁忌不够了解，就很有可能造成文学作品理解中出现障碍，像我们国家，信仰较多的宗教就是佛教、道教和儒教，这些宗教对文学创作者的思想产生着极为深刻的影响，也极大的影响了我国文学作品中的文化内涵，而对于英美文学作品，它们的内在涵义自然也会受到所在地区宗教文化的影响，欧洲大多数人都信仰基督__我国的宗教文化信仰存在着很大的不同，而这些不同常常会使得中国学生在学习英美文学时存在很大的理解困难。例如，“an after life”根据__的宗教文化就是指人死之后的时光，而如果不了解西方的宗教文化，学生是不可能将这个词语联系到“死后”的，再如，一个犹太人穿着黑袍在路上走，如果有其他的犹太人让他脱下黑袍，就说明这个人是背弃了自己的犹太信仰而被大家多唾弃的，因为黑袍在犹太心目中就是犹太教的象征，因此，我们可以看出，加强对宗教信仰差异性的认识对于理解英美文化是非常重要的。总结针对我国英美文学教育中的文化问题，文学教师在教学中一定要全面掌握文学作品创作中的历史文化知识和背景材料进行准确的阐释，引导学生加强对英美文学中的文化问题的重视，增强学生吸收英美文学作品文化知识的敏感度，使学生在学习英美文学的过程中能够掌握科学的学习方法，养成阅读英美文学作品的良好习惯，全面提高学生的文学素养。参考文献： [1] 付美艳.英美文学教学在高校教育中的重要性[J] [2] 罗绮伦.论在英美文学教学中加强文学文本的学习[J] [3] 张辉.建构主义的英美文学教学模式探索[J] [4] 范晓红.英美文学教学与大学生和谐人格塑造[J] [5] 刘可,王永蘅.新时期网络环境下的英美文学教学思考[J] 英美文学毕业论文优秀范文篇2 论英美文学中的《圣经》现象摘要:英美文学深受《圣经》影响,没有一部《圣经》,英美文学史就要改写。英美文学与《圣经》有着千丝万缕的联系,本文拟从两个方面来探讨英美文学中的《圣经》现象:一是《圣经》的观念和精神深刻地影响着英美文学;二是《圣经》乃英美文学创作素材的主要来源。关键词:英美文学《圣经》观念和精神素材作为世界文学的一个重要组成部分的英美文学有两大传统根基:古希腊、古罗马神话与《圣经》。如果离开了这两大根基,英美文学就无从谈起。自中世纪以来,《圣经》有“唯一的书”和“书中之书”的称号,作为英美社会流传最广,影响最深,发行量最大,读者最多的一本书,《圣经》的观念和精神已经深深地渗透到英美人的意识之中。英美几乎所有重要的诗人、作家都与《圣经》中的思想和意象紧密相关。这使得客观、中肯地探寻《圣经》对英美作家作品的各种影响,对于全面、准确地把握英美文学发展的脉络和规律,具有极其重要的理论意义和实践意义。一、英美文学中体现《圣经》观念和精神《圣经》自始至终鲜明地贯穿着仁慈、宽恕和博爱的基督精神,《圣经》中关于仁慈、宽恕和博爱的箴言和训诫比比皆是。这些箴言和训诫告诉世人,有了爱,一切过错和仇恨皆可化解,爱是把一切真,善,美和谐地联系一起的纽带。《加拉太书》(Galatians)云:“要通过爱心彼此服侍,因为全部的法律合成一句话,那就是爱人如己。”(For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’―Chapter 5,Galatians,New Testament)许多英美作家深受这一精神的影响,其作品中更是无时不刻不透露和表达着这一中心思想。在莎士比亚的许多作品,博爱是其主题思想。如:《罗密欧与朱丽叶》,它被世人誉为一曲永世不衰的“爱”与“美”的颂歌。通过蒙太古和凯普莱特两大家族的世仇纷争与两家儿女之间的生死恋,反映出原本美好的爱被邪恶的仇恨激起的械斗所破坏,而该剧的结局中却吐露出“和谐”的光芒,表达了向前看的积极乐观朝气昂扬的精神。这里体现出了强烈的基督精神,即用“爱”去化解一切罪恶。而剧中的男女主人公罗密欧与朱丽叶,从这个意义上说,恰是一对年轻的殉道者,他们用自己的行动和“爱”化解了两大家族之间的刻骨仇恨。再如:十九世纪俄国伟大的小说家――列夫•托尔斯泰,他也是一位虔诚的__徒。他一生的追求和所有著作,都与基督__仰有着千丝万缕的联系。他在代表作《复活》这部小说中宣扬宽恕和博爱,勿以暴力抗恶,提倡人性自我完善。托尔斯泰认为男女主人公,聂赫留朵夫公爵和妓女玛丝洛娃精神上的“复活”,正是__精神的“复活”和人性的复归。聂赫留朵夫公公爵作为一个陪审官,当他在法庭上发现被告妓女玛丝洛娃正是年轻时代被他诱奸过的少女卡秋莎时,他良心发现了,并开始了一系列的忏悔赎罪活动,最后得到玛丝洛娃的宽恕,感受到爱与善的力量。这表明了《复活》这部长篇小说所宣扬的正是《圣经》所倡导的博爱精神。英美文学中,贯穿《圣经》仁慈、宽恕和博爱__精神的作品比比皆是,英美文学对《圣经》观念的继承主要体现在:人性原罪、上帝审判、神性救赎、道德完善、神圣之爱……要更全面地理解英美文学的艺术魅力,必须要对英美文学中的《圣经》的观念有深刻的认识。二、英美文学以《圣经》为创作素材 “《圣经》虽不是文学书,但具有很高的文学价值。”“《圣经》的意义对于每一代人都有不同的新启示”。圣经是文学作品永恒的母题,也是英美作家取之不尽、用之不竭的素材宝库。由于《圣经》在英美享有广泛的读者,可以说,《圣经》中的故事和人物在英美国家是家喻户晓,作家引用或化用《圣经》典故叙事说理,更易为读者所接受,还可以丰富作品的涵义,深化主题。因此,英美作家在文学创作中总是自觉或不自觉地以这种或那种方式引或化用《圣经》典故。 1.直接引用。最易辨认的是作家直接引用《圣经》的词句或人名作为自己作品的标题或人物名称,以便引起作品与《圣经》相对应的联系;或者直接引用《圣经》故事,作为创作素材。如:怀特的《乘马车的人》小说题目即:出自《圣经•旧约》的《以西结书》,暗示了小说精神折磨和赎罪的主题;斯坦贝克的《伊甸园之乐》等标题取自《旧约•传道书》第一章;美国南方文学的代表作家威廉•福克纳的名著《押沙龙,押沙龙!》,从书名到故事情节都借用《圣经》中大卫王与逆子押沙龙的故事;戈尔丁的《塔顶》中的主人公牧师约塞林综合了亚当、该隐和撒当等三个圣经人物。美国作家海明威的成名作《太阳照样升起》,其题目便是摘引《旧约全书•传道书》第一章第五节中的一句话。这表明二十世纪英美文学和《圣经》文本之间存在着明确的对应关系,在作品主题、人物等方面具有同一结构。在二十世纪英美文学的重要作家中,自称“英国国教式的天主教徒”的T•S•艾略特较早提倡用“神话手法”来创作。而他的神话主要来源于《圣经》。艾略特在他的诗歌创作中成功的运用了“死亡与再生” 、“寻找圣杯”、“火与水”、“赎罪与救难”等《圣经》典故,挖掘现代人的内心世界,将古代与现代连接起来,使作品具有厚重的历史感,并且极大地增强了作品的象征意义,使其作品具有永恒的艺术魅力。 2.采用特殊手法化用。有些英美作家并不直接引用《圣经》的典故,没有走完全蹈袭的道路,而是根据自己思想的表达,对《圣经》典故原型进行变形处理。英国文学史上有着最古老的作品之一美誉的长诗《贝奥武夫》中就已谈到上帝,并说妖怪格兰代尔是该隐的后裔。该隐是《旧约全书•创世记》中的人物。他是上帝造出的第一个男人亚当和第一个女人夏娃的儿子。他出于嫉妒把弟弟亚伯诱杀了,因而成为世间第一个罪人。虽然《贝奥武夫》对《创世纪》的故事进行了变形处理,但说嗜血成性的格兰代尔是该隐的胄裔是合乎《圣经》精神的。拜伦的神秘剧《该隐》,主题也是《圣经》故事。不过同情革命的拜伦在《圣经》故事的运用方面采用了偷梁换柱的手法。按照《圣经》的传统说法,该隐出于嫉妒,杀死弟弟亚伯,因而上帝罚他到处流浪,成了丧家之犬。然而在拜伦的笔下,该隐的形象却迥然不同。该隐对上帝的善表示怀疑,对父母和弟弟卑躬屈膝地趋奉上帝的态度和做法非常鄙夷。拜伦把魔鬼撒旦作为不畏强暴、渴求自由的化身,并加以着意刻画,让他开导和激励该隐去反抗贪得无厌、暴戾恣睢的上帝。英美作家化用《圣经》典故的另一种方法是:通过比喻、隐喻或象征等手法,作家把《圣经》故事的寓意融汇到作品的情节或人物的性格里,使这些故事发挥有力的陪衬和烘托作用。不了解《圣经》故事背景的人,在理解这类文学作品时,便难免流于表面和肤浅。《威尼斯商人》第四幕第一场里,女扮男装的鲍西娅在法庭上以律师的身份出现,佯装驳斥巴萨尼奥提出变通法律的要求,让残忍的夏洛克在一片敌视的气氛中感到欣慰异常。他情不自禁地欢呼道:“一个但尼尔来做法官了!真的是但尼尔再世!聪明的青年法官啊,我真佩服你!”这里莎士比亚就化用了一个《圣经》典故,《旧约全书•但尼尔记》说,但尼尔才智过人,判案如神。在法庭上孤立无援的夏洛克,在绝望中突然听到同情的声音,欣喜中称年轻的律师为但尼尔是很自然的。如果不理解莎士比亚的化用《圣经》的手法,对这一幕戏就很难理解通透。总结圣经》不仅是一部宗教典籍,它更是一种思维、情感方式,它的观念和精神深远地影响了英美人对历史社会、人类命运、个体生命等问题的看法,使罪与罚、道德与上帝、生命与永恒、仁慈、自由、博爱、平等、良心……成为了英美文学创作最基本的思想内容。浮在海洋上的冰山,露出水面的尖端只是整个冰山的一小部分而已。恰似《圣经》之于英美文学,就是冰山的基础同山巅的关系,英美文学作品中有时一行诗,一句话,甚至一个语词,后面都有丰富的《圣经》故事做支撑。参考文献: [1] Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ronald Gotlesmanet. al (ed.), New York, 1979. [2] The Student Bible, New International Version. Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapid, Michigan, 1996. [3]Boss Murfin & Supryia M. ray(ed.)The Bedford Gl-ossary of Critical and Literary Terns. Bedford Books, New York, 1998. [4]钱青等:《美国文学名著精选》,商务印书馆,1994。 [5]朱维之:《__文化》,上海书店,1992。 [6]郭海博、李山:《圣经语典与妙用》,江西人民出版社,1995。 [7]叶舒宪:《神话――原型批评》,西安:陕西师范大学出版社,1987。 [8]艾略特:《__与文化》,四川人民出版社,1989。 [9]王佐良、何其莘:《英国文艺复兴时期的文学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,。 [10]张中载:《当代英国文学论文集》,外语教学与研究出版社,.

大学英语毕业论文致辞英文版

毕业论文英文致谢词

毕业论文英文致谢词，不管是上班族或者是学生党都应该读过或是写过致谢词，致谢词运用非常的广泛，在外国的'学生需要英文致谢词，英文致谢词怎么写，我和大家一起来看看答辩论文简短致谢词的相关资料。

Upon the completion of this thesis,I am grateful to those who have offered meencouragement and support during the course of my study.

First,specialacknowledgment is given to my respectable supervisor whose patient instruction andconstructive suggestions are beneficial to me a lot.

Second, particular thanks go to allthe teachers and professors who have taught me for their instruction and generoussupport during these years. What is more, I would like to present my thanks to one ofmy special friend from whom I get tremendous love and encouragement as well astechnical instruction. Finally, I would like to express the most heartfelt gratitude to myfamily members who have provided me great help and support.

Though the mostunfortunate thing happened to me, while I survived and became sfronger. Their love isalways the source of my strength during the period of thesis writing. And I love you,dad.

I would like to dedicate my paper to all those who have offered me tremendousassistance during the three years in Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics.

First of all, my heartiest thanks flow to my supervisor, Professor Cao Daogen, forhis helpful guidance, valuable suggestions and constant encouragement both in mystudy and in my life. His profound insight and accurateness about my paper taught meso much that they are engraved on my heart. He provided me with beneficial help andoffered me precious comments during the whole process of my writing, without whichthe paper would not be what it is now.

Also, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the professors who havetaught me in this university that greatly broadened my horizon and enriched myknowledge in my study. Their inspirational and conscientious teaching have providedme with a firm basis for the composing of this paper and will always be of great valueto my future academic research.

My thanks also go to the scholars whose monographs and academic papers haveenlightened me in the writing of this paper.

Finally, I would like to extend my deep gratefulness to my family and friends,especially my three roommates, Chen Linghua, Gong Sha and Huang Jin, whoseencouragement and support have made my accomplishments possible.

如今,在很多国外大学要求的毕业论文也是英文的,因此他们在面对英文的毕业论文时一定能够用得上英文毕业论文致谢词。下面是我带来的关于的内容，欢迎阅读参考! ***一*** At the very first, I am honored to express my deepest gratitude to my dedicated supervisor, Miss Wang Chao, with whose able guidance I could have worked out this thesis. She has offered me valuable ideas, suggestions and critici *** s with her profound knowledge and rich research experience. Her patience and kindness are greatly appreciated. Besides, she always puts high priority on our dissertation writing and is willing to discuss with me anytime available. I have learnt from her a lot not only about dissertation writing, but also the professional ethics. I am very much obliged to her efforts of helping me plete the dissertation. I am also extremely grateful to Prof. Wei Xiaohong whose patient and meticulous guidance and invaluable suggestions are indispensable to the pletion of this thesis. Thanks are also due to my roommates, who never failed to give me great encouragement and suggestions. Special thanks should go to Miss Dong, Miss Ma, and Miss Wei for their brainstorming with me when I failed in ing up with ideas. At last but not least, I would like to thank my family for their support all the way from the very beginning of my study. I am thankful to all my family members for their thoughtfulness and encouragement. ***二*** First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms**, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the preparation of this thesis， she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful critici *** and expert guidance, the pletion of this thesis would not have been possible. Second, I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis. Last, I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of plaint. ***三*** First of all, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor,***, for her instructive advice and useful suggestions on my thesis. I am deeply grateful of her help in the pletion of this thesis. High tribute shall be paid to Ms. ***** whose profound knowledge of English triggers my love for this beautiful language and whose earnest attitude tells me how to learn English. I am also deeply indebted to all the other tutors and teachers in Translation Studies for their direct and indirect help to me. Special thanks should go to my friends who have put considerable time and effort into their ments on the draft. Finally, I am indebted to my parents for their continuous support and encouragement. （四） Acknowledgements My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not havereached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor dddd, Professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow clas *** ates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.

Acknowledge First and foremost, I appreciate my college which gives me a comfortable learning atmosphere. Second, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Miss Zhang, who has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her illuminating instruction and patience, this thesis could not have reached its present form. I am also greatly indebted to all my teachers who have helped me to develop the fundamental and essential academic competence. My sincere appreciation also goes to all my classmates, who are my proud of my life. Last but not least, I want to thank all my friends, especially my three lovely roommates, for their encouragement and support.

毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版（通用6篇）

转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束，我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式，那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢？下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.

I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.

So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.

Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.

The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.

In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.

Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.

the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.

i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !

today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.

the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.

not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.

good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.

i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.

The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.

With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.

Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.

Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.

Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.

Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.

Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.

Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

英语毕业论文模版

英语毕业论文提纲模板

紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束，毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板，希望能够帮助到大家。

Acknowledgements 4-6

Contents 6-10

List of Figures 10-12

List of Tables 12-20

Abstract 20-22

摘要 23-25

Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32

Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29

Significance of the study 29-30

Organization of the study 30-31

A note on terminology 31-32

Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51

T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35

Defining coherence 32-33

T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35

T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42

T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37

T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42

T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44

The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47

Training in T/TP 47-49

Summary 49-51

Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70

Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55

Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53

Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54

Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55

Theme and thematic progression 55-70

Theme 56-62

Thematic progression 62-70

Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88

The participants and the educational context 70-73

Background of the participants and the participating school 70

The allocation of participants to the training 70-71

The sample sizes 71-72

The pilot study 72-73

The interventional procedures 73-74

The questionnaire 74-75

The training 75-80

Considerations behind the training 75-76

The training material 76-79

The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80

Data analysis 80-86

Analysis of the writing 80-86

Analysis of the questionnaire 86

Ethical considerations 86-88

Informed consent 86-87

Anonymity 87

Harm 87-88

Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115

Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100

Interpersonal Themes 100-102

Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107

Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110

Summary 110-115

Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137

Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126

Interpersonal Themes 126-129

Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131

Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132

Summary 132-137

Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155

Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145

Interpersonal Themes 145-147

Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149

Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150

Summary 150-155

Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165

Findings from closed questions 155-160

EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157

EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158

EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159

EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160

Findings from open questions 160-164

The changes that occurred 161-162

The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163

The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163

EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164

Summary 164-165

Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195

Findings with regard to research questions 165-187

Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172

Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181

Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187

Positioning the study within the literature 187-190

T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189

Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190

Implications 190-194

Pedagogical implication 190-193

Methodological implication 193-194

Limitations 194-195

Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200

Summary 195-197

Putting everything together 197-199

Suggestions for future work 199-200

Notes 200-202

References 202-214

Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215

Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217

Appendix 3: Training material 217-229

Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237

Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238

Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239

Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239

中文摘要 3-4

ABSTRACT 4

Chapter One Introduction 7-10

Motivation of the present study 7-8

Significance of this study 8

Composition of this thesis 8-10

Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19

Language production 10-14

L1 Production 10-11

L2 Production 11-12

Dimensions of language production 12-14

Theories on oral output 14-15

Skehan’s dual-model system 14

Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15

Task Repetition 15-17

Task 15-16

Task repetition 16-17

Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19

CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25

Research justification and questions 19

Hypothesis 19-20

Methods 20-25

Participants 20-21

Material 21

Research design 21-23

Measures 23-25

Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41

Results and Analysis 25-34

Quantitative analysis 25-27

Qualitative analysis 27-34

Discussion 34-41

Fluency 34-36

Complexity 36-38

Accuracy 38-39

interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41

Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44

Conclusion and implication 41-43

Limitations and recommendations 43-44

Acknowledgements 44-45

References 45-49

Appendixes 49-54

A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50

B. The same-content task 50-51

C. The different-content task 51-52

D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53

E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54

F. Sample of writing repetition task 54

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Research Background

Significance of the Study

Research Goals and Questions

Data Collection and Methodology

Analysis Procedures

Organization of the Thesis

Chapter 2 Literature Review

Introduction to Appraisal Theory

Studies on Appraisal Theory

Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad

Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home

Studies on Personal Statements

Introduction to Personal Statement

Summary

Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework

An Overview of Attitude System

Affect Resources

Judgment Resources

Social Esteem

Social Sanction

Appreciation Resources

Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation

Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation

Summary

Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies

Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study

References

Acknowledgements

英语专业毕业论文参考格式

写毕业论文主要目的是培养学生综合运用所学知识和技能，理论联系实际，独立分析，解决实际问题的能力，使学生得到从事本专业工作和进行相关的基本训练。以下是我为您整理的英语专业毕业论文参考格式，欢迎参考阅读。

一、英语论文的标题

一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写款式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分辨为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分辨打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此)。

就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边高低对齐,并留出左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。

二、英语论文提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范款式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母高低对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其高低行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等首要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以词攀类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即 ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、英语论文正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范款式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印款式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

四、英语论文的文中引述

正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的首要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述款式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采纳何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范款式分述如下。

1.若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地交融在论文中。如:

The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9).

这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名);阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成);作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号;句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。

2.被引述的'文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开,如下例所示:

Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas”

is an admirable and characteristic

diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it

Whitman is unable to conceive the

extreme crises of society, one is certain

that no society would be tolerable whoses

citizens could not find refreshment in its

buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165)

这里的款式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起;二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。

3.如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要应用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:

points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9).

值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。

4.如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。

如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头应用省略号);点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。如:

Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43).

5.若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如:

Professor Chen Jia's A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i).

圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多应用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线;规范的款式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字;其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。

6.如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。如:

Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, Philosophy 35).

Farrington points out that Aristotle's father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15).

这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格;圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写;21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。

五、英语论文的文献目录

论文作者在正文之后必须供给论文中整个引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其款式须注意下列几点:

1.目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

2.目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为,不必留出更多空白。

3.各条目内容顺序分辨为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严峻按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。

4.各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

中文版英语毕业论文

英语专业本科毕业论文模板

姓名：吕仁爱

系别：外语学院

专业：英语

学号： 00000000

指导教师：赵草稿

20xx年5月

Thesis Writing Standard for English Major Undergraduates:With a Thesis Pattern

Lü Ren’ai

Shangqiu Normal University

May 20xx

摘要

{摘要是论文的浓缩，应包括结论等内容，是完整的短文，具有独立性，可以单独使用。即使不看论文全文的内容，看摘要仍然可以理解论文的主要内容。切忌把导论(introduction)的内容作为摘要内容。在下段键入中文摘要内容，并用论文的关键词替换“关键词”后的词(删除多余的词)。如果需要输入顿号(、)、间隔号(·)、书名号(《》)、破折号(——)等标点符号，不会键入请从这里复制。中文摘要要求在200～300字。}

关键词：词1;词2;词3;词4;词5

Abstract

{英文摘要及关键词内容与中文内容完全一致。注意看懂附录部分标点符号部分的内容，不要用不规范的形式输入标点符号，更不要输入错误符号。在下段键入英文摘要内容并用论文的关键词替换“Key words”后的词(删除多余的词)。}

Key words: word 1; word 2; word 3; word 4; word 5

Contents

摘要 I

Abstract II

Contents III

1 简介 1

2 电子版与纸质版 1

3 模板的使用 1

键入文本 2

应用格式 2

4 论文结构与写作要求 2

封面与题目 3

封面 3

题目 3

从摘要到目录 3

正文 3

总体要求 3

标题和层次 3

例句及其他列表项 4

脚注 4

引用标识与参考文献 4

附录(可选) 6

页眉 6

5 其他要求及注意事项 6

References 7

附录标点符号的计算机输入 7

简介

{本科毕业论文是本科生毕业前的最后一个重要学习环节，是学习深化的重要过程。它既是学生学习、研究与实践成果的全面总结，又是对学生素质与能力的一次全面检验，也是申请学士学位的依据。论文写作是在前人研究的基础上提出自己的观点，严禁抄袭、剽窃。外语学院参照商丘师范学院本科毕业论文撰写规范，结合英语专业的实际情况，特制定本撰写规范兼论文模板，作为英语专业毕业论文写作的标准。本规范未尽事宜，在导师指导下自行处理。务必在仔细、完整地阅读本规范之后再开始写作论文。

考虑到软件可能存在问题，本规范的DOC版在显示时可能走样，附件1是本规范的PDF版本，其样式是标准样式。}

电子版与纸质版

{论文须提交初稿、二稿及终稿的电子版和纸质版。用Microsoft Word软件打开本规范的DOC版，以新文件名另存到自己存放毕业论文资料的文件夹，要求文件格式为DOC格式(Microsoft Word 1997~2003/XP版本的默认保存格式);2007及以后的版本的默认保存格式是DOCX，建议尽量使用较老版本的Microsoft Word，若使用新版，请确保保存格式为DOC。另存后，直接按照本规范的要求操作直到初稿完成;每一稿都先作另存的操作再开始修改。注意在整个论文写作期间都做好U盘与网络双备份工作。

纸质文件采用A4复印纸单面打印，左侧装订。提交的纸质论文必须与提交的电子版内容完全一样。如果在写论文时安装、使用了非系统自带字体(如国际音标字体)，请随电子版提交该字体文件。}

模板的使用

{本规范的DOC格式电子文件是毕业论文的写作模板，提供论文写作所需样式，便于写作和修改，并对格式进行统一要求。下面对模板的使用作一简要说明。}

键入文本

{用花括号扩起来的内容是模板说明性内容，在初稿写作完毕后删除。把插字符打到正文任何一个段落(包括标题)末尾，按回车，即可键入论文内容。请仔细阅读附录，以便正确输入标点符号。}

应用格式

{本模板规定的格式有：[ 注意例子中的换行符(向下的直箭头)。想使编号段落的上下两行左对齐，需要换行而不分段，单击“插入”“分隔符”，选“换行符”，然后单击“确定”。]

a. 1标题1：用于一级标题;b. 标题2：用于二级标题：c. 标题3：用于三级标题：d. 正文不缩：用于一般正文段落;e. 正文左缩：用于独立成段的引文;f. 正文编号：用于按规定必须编号的段落;g. (1) 编号：用于按规定必须编号的段落;h. 参考文献：用于参考文献条目。

其中除了 (1f) 和 (1g) 要求必须用格式刷复制、粘贴格式(详见第部分的说明)，其他格式都必须从格式窗格中选。默认格式是“正文不缩”(本段使用的就是这种格式)。根据不同部分内容要求的要求按照下述方法应用格式，不能擅自更改或更换(可根据实际情况作字体倾斜等操作)：把插字符打到某段，单击菜单栏里的“格式”，选“样式和格式”，在右边出现的格式窗格中单击所需格式即可。出现在格式窗格中但 (1) 中没列的格式不能随便应用。}

论文结构与写作要求

{论文必须包括外封面(中文封面)、内封面(英文封面)、中文摘要(附中文关键词)、英文摘要(附英文关键词)、目录、正文、参考文献。在参考文献之后可有附录。}

封面与题目

封面

{封面包括两个：外封面(中文封面)和内封面(英文封面)，封面样式严格依照模版。}

题目

{用论文题目替换模板题目，不能改变格式。论文题目应该简短、明确、有概括性。中文字数不超过25个字，外文题目不超过15个实词，题目末不使用标点符号，中外文题名应一致。标题中尽量不用英文缩写词，必须采用时，应使用本行业通用缩写词。中英文标题均占一至两行。中文标题如有副标题，主副标题各占一行，副标题前加中文破折号;英文副标题不单独成行，与主标题之间用冒号(后加空格)隔开。英文题目用标题式大小写格式，由于标题式大小写没有统一的标准，本规范要求除了不位于主、副标题开头和结尾的冠词、介词(不论长短)、并列连词、动词不定式标志to等词，所有的词(包括复合词的连字符后的部分，但不包括像twenty-one这样的复合数词的连字符后面的部分)都大写。}

从摘要到目录

{具体要求见第I至III页。不要改动用罗马数字编号的页码部分的标题。}

正文

总体要求

{论文正文应包括引论、主体(主体至少分两大部分)及结论等部分，一共最少四部分，最多六部分。正文用英文写，拼写形式全文统一为英式或美式(直接引用时例外)，不能英美式混杂。用阿拉伯数字编写页码的部分字数不少于3000字(英文单词)。}

标题和层次

{标题要求除了有编号、字号不同和不能有副标题这几点外，其他要求同论文英文题目。层次根据实际需要用两层或三层(即标题最多有两到三级)，主体部分至少有一部分包含两层。可以直接替换本规范的标题(选定后不删除而直接键入)，根据需要添加、删除标题。三层标题的格式分别采用“1标题1”、“标题2”和“标题3”。编号用的是Word的多级编号，在增删标题时编号会自动调整，无需手工调整。}

例句及其他列表项

{根据需要，例句、规则等尽量单独成段，统一编号，编号用 (1)，(2)，(3) ……的形式(顶格)，全文从 (1) 开始统一连续编号(自动编号，增删编号段落后编号会自动调整)，样式参照本规范的编号段落。该类段落的规定格式是“正文编号”;要求用格式刷从本规范的任何一个这类编号段落复制、粘贴格式，不要从格式窗格中选这类段落的样式。复制格式的方法是：把插字符打到任何一个此类已编号的段落中，单击“格式刷”按钮，然后再单击需要编号的段落。脚注中的例句编号用小写罗马数字i、ii、iii的形式，段落和文字格式不作特别要求。现再举例如下 (由于连续编号，故号码继续前面的 (1)，是 (2) 和 (3))，作为翻译和对话类例句的参照格式：

John likes Mary.约翰喜欢玛丽。

A: Do you like apples?B: Yes.}

脚注

{对文中内容的注释采用脚注形式[ 注释分脚注和尾注两种主要形式，前者的内容位于每页下面，后者的内容位于文章末尾。本规范规定论文写作使用脚注，不使用尾注。把插字符打到正文中需要注释的地方，单击“插入”“引用”，在展开的子菜单中单击“脚注和尾注”，再单击“确定”，键入注释内容。本注释就是脚注的形式。]，全文连续编号(自动调整编号)。}

引用标识与参考文献

{引文是论证的辅助手段，应忠于原意，准确切题。除非特别必要，不要引用非学术文献，如通俗读物等，尤其不要引用非专业人士(如名人或领袖)的话或观点作为自己观点的支撑(尽量避免诸如“Einstein says”、“Confucius claims”这样的话，如果确实有必要引用一定要详细注明出处)。根据情况用直接引语或间接引语的语法形式;直接引用文字超过四至六行字时，或诗歌超过两行时，应独立成段，应用“正文左缩”格式，下面是该格式的样式：

text texttext text text. (Zhang 2005, 88)

在论文中引用文献时，应加以标识，详细说明见附件2。引用的文献如果是用中文书写的，不能直接引用中文文本，必须将其意思用英文表达，一般用间接引语的.形式安排，在必要时可用直接引语的形式，在后面以加方括号，方括号内注明translation mine)。

参考文献直接反映论文的质量。要求在论文正文后的References下面列出在论文中引用或参考过的论文、专著及其他资料(采用“参考文献”格式)，所有条目按照作者姓氏的字母顺序排列，不要编号。不能罗列文中没有引用的文献。文献条目应以与论文工作直接相关的近年的学术文献为主，包括期刊论文、博士学位论文、论文集里的文章、专著等;至少十条，且以期刊论文为主，近五年的文献占五条以上，发表在《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录的期刊上的论文占三条以上。

毕业论文的引用及参考文献体例以Chicago体例(Chicago Style)的作者—年代制(author-year system)为标准。附件2包含了该标准的主要内容，请尽量按该标准写作。请注意大小写、正斜体、空格、姓与名的相对顺序、缩写形式、标点符号等。特别注意连数符不是连字符(-)，而是en dash(–)，可从这里复制。下面把该标准的大小写和正斜体原则略述如下：

大小写：仅同名连续出版物(如期刊journal)的名称用标题式大写，其他的主副标题名称(包括书名)用句子式大写;

正斜体：广义的书名(包括期刊名等)用斜体，文章名(包括书的章节标题、学位论文标题)用正体。

中文文献，按照附件2第9、12页的红字的范例的样式，把汉字形式的文字转写成拉丁字母形式(注意ü不能用v代替)，并把标题翻译成英文(置于方括号内)。其姓名与普通英文姓名一样处理，第一作者姓前名后，姓、名之间用逗号 + 空格隔开，非第一作者用名前姓后(不加逗号)的形式。}

附录(可选)

{不宜放在正文中但有重要参考价值的内容(如问卷、测试题等)可编入论文的附录中，位于参考文献之后。附录采用Appendix(只有一个)或Appendix A、Appendix B(两个以上)的形式，后面加两个空格再键入附录的标题，使用格式“1标题1”，删除标题前面的自动编号。}

页眉

{见第I页右上角的说明。}

其他要求及注意事项

{在写作时请注意以下几点：

除在直接引语中，尽量避免用缩略词(如isn’t, don’t, etc.等)，尽量使用is not, do not, and others等形式。

罗马数字用西文字符，如i和ii，II和IV等(在英文输入状态下分别键入i、v、I、V等字母来组合)，不要用中文字符ⅰ、ⅱ、ⅳ、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ等。

区别元语言与对象语言。用英文写作，元语言是英文，对象语言是谈到的语言成份，可能是英文，也可能是其他语言，如英文字母、语素、词、短语、句子等。如果对象语言的文字是拉丁字母形式(如英文、法文、德文等)，一律用不加引号的斜体字(编号例句除外)，保留字母上面的两点等附加符号。在写非翻译研究类论文时，非拉丁字母文字(如日文、中文)一般应转写成拉丁字母形式，用不加引号的斜体字;在非用汉字不可的情况下(区别歧义、说明字型等)在拉丁字母形式的字词(斜体)后跟相应汉字(楷书、正体)或日文假名等字符;汉语无特殊情况其拉丁化标准一律采用汉语拼音(本规范要求词内无空格，词间有空格，略去调号)，注意ü不能用v代替。翻译研究类文章可不转写成拉丁字母形式而直接使用汉字例句(用不加引号的正体字)。用单引号而不是双引号表各种意思，尤其是词(句)的语义解释(双引号作一般引用或强调时使用，双引号内再用引号时用单引号)。下面几个例子可以说明对象语言的处理方式和单引号的用法：the Chinese word heiban ‘blackboard’ is a compound; similarly, the English word blackboard is also a compound;hongcha means ‘black tea’;the letter a;the suffix -ful;the sentence John hates Mary;the articles the, a, an。注意在最后一个例子中，第一个定冠词属于元语言，不用斜体，第二个定冠词和两个不定冠词是对象语言，用斜体，属于对象语言的三个词之间的逗号属于元语言，用正体。}

References

{此标题不要改动。条目格式见第部分的要求，下面提供参考文献条目的样式：

附录标点符号的计算机输入

{在Word中，中文标点符号在设计时留好了空位，在打字时不要人工键入空格，但英文标点符号往往需要人工键入空格。英文词右标点符号(逗号、句号、冒号、分号、问号、惊叹号、右括号、右引号等)左不空格，右边与相邻的单词间空一格;词左标点符号(左括号、左引号等)左边与相邻的单词间空一格，右边不加空格;相邻的同侧标点符号之间不加空格，相邻的异侧标点符号之间都加空格。在一个词内部的所有标点符号(包括连字符、撇号等)，都不与空格连用(空格是用来把词与词分开的)。注意英文没有顿号和书名号，用逗号体现中文顿号的功能，用斜体体现书名号的功能。

由于某些英文标点符号的使用存在不同标准，本规范作如下要求。破折号用Times New Roman的em dash(—)，左右都不加空格，数字间的连数符用Times New Roman的en dash(–)，左右都不加空格。如果不会键入可从此处复制。省略号用三个句点，相邻两点间加一个空格(. . .)，省略号左右与相邻的单词或标点间都加一个空格)。撇号用弯撇号(’)，其形状与右引号相同;不能用直的(')，引号用弯引号(‘ ’、“ ”)，注意不要弯错方向;不能用直的(' '、" ")。Word的默认设置是在键入时自动用弯的替换直的。本规范要求单、双引号分别表不同的意思，其使用规定和例子见 (8)。

更多论文范文,尽在

要分以下几个阶段：准备（资料的收集与整理、阅读文献）、撰写提纲、第一稿、第二稿、第三稿、定稿与答辩。（一）准备：学生可以自由选择研究范围（语言、文学、文化、社会问题、应用英语、经济、贸易、科技、社会生活等），但要在教师的指导下对研究对象进行资料的收集整理和分析来确定毕业论文题目。（二）撰写提纲：学生在指导教师的指导下分析和研究所采集的资料的基础上，撰写毕业论文提纲。同时也要求每一位指导教师在学生形成毕业论文提纲前一定要与每位被指导的学生进行讨论，毕业论文提纲应尽量做到全面缜密，理顺所要论述内容，避免以后反复修改。（三）第一稿：要求学生必须严格按照指导教师审定后的毕业论文提纲进行写作, 不可自行其是，随意更换主题。第一稿完成以后，指导教师主要检查学生是否按照既定的提纲和思想在写作，及时发现问题及时纠正。如学生采取不认真的态度，指导教师应对其提出严肃的批评教育，拒不接受者，指导教师有权提出相应的处理意见，或交学院毕业论文工作小组处理。如果指导教师不认真指导，随意放学生过关，以后阶段出现的问题由该教师本人负责。（四）第二稿：要求学生不仅要继续补充第一稿之不足，同时要求在表达上要有所提高。在接到第二稿以后，指导教师阅读后应指出存在的问题，以便学生及时改正。（五）第三稿：要求学生在文风、文章格式、修辞等方面有所提高。指导教师要对第三稿进行全面的审阅，并提出修改意见，以保证定稿打印时所有的错误和疏漏都得到更正，错误率控制在规定范围内。同时，教师还要提醒学生在打印前再校对，以保证尽可能地将正确的版本打印出来。（六）毕业论文答辩：毕业论文的答辩是毕业论文工作的最后阶段，要求学生予以充分的准备和重视。论文答辩前，学生们必须充分熟悉论文，答辩时，要求学生能脱稿进行5~10分钟的毕业论文内容的陈述，并流利、准确地回答答辩委员提出的问题。在答辩过程中，参加答辩的教师要对答辩人的语言技能（语音、语法、词汇、语用）、口笔头能力、论文内容和答辩的表现进行认真纪录，客观公正地评分。二、毕业论文的内容：毕业论文的内容可以涉及语言知识、与语言有关的问题（如，语言教学、文化等）和相关专业的知识和内容（如经济、贸易、管理、市场营销等）。其他内容，须经论文审题小组集体审定。学生有选择的论文内容的自由，指导教师可以提出建议，但不能代替学生做出决定。论文内容要能反映社会和时代特征，具有理论价值或实践意义，有新颖性。论文可以对某个理论问题的探讨，也可以是实践问题的解决。论文不仅要反映学生的综合能力，而且要反映他们对相关问题的较为正确的论述，要有一定的独立见解。论文必须做到主题明确、论据清晰、内容具体而充实，切忌空谈。写翻译的论文，除实例分析外，还要提供原文的译文，以便弄清译论的依据。如果论文是实践性的，它必须提出一定的解决途径、方案。三、毕业论文的评审：指导教师在对论文评定成绩时，要参照学生的学习成绩、平时表现出的语言水平和专业八级考试的成绩，以正确衡量学生真实的语言和认识水平。指导教师对学生的毕业论文成绩提出异议，如不被采纳，可提交学院毕业论文工作小组商议和仲裁。指导教师如发现学生的毕业论文有抄袭现象，应及时向学生指出，学生若不接受批评，指导教师应提交到学院毕业论文工作小组处理，严重者取消论文资格。指导教师应杜绝送分的做法，也不可因个人原因影响对学生论文评价的客观性和公正性。四、论文的格式：论文的规格：正文长度 5，500—8，500 单词。使用的语言：英语论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号，间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚：（作者名，年份，引文所在页码）论文正文部分： 1、题目大写，三号字，新时代罗马字，大写下面可写一个附标题，4号字； 2、作者名，5号字，班级，学号 3、指导教师名，5号字，职称 4、摘要：用300词，5号字, 英文一页,中文一页 5、关键词：不能用专有名词，词与词之间空四格（或一个Tab键），不加标点符号 6、正文：用5号字, 大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字，小不分用一般数字符号：

引言：引入正题，不超过2段 I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. II. , , , , ... III. , , , , , / . … 结论

7、参考文献(Bibliography)：先英文,后中文作者名，出版年月，文章名/书刊名，出版社，地点 9、致谢(Acknowledgement) 五、毕业论文质量标准（一）选题恰当、与毕业生的知识水平与认识能力相当；（二）内容丰富、资料翔实、论证充分有力；（三）观点正确、逻辑性强、无违反国家大政方针的观点；（四）叙述清楚、层次清晰而丰富；（五）语言表达正确，无拼写错误、语言错误控制在20-25%00（万分之二十到二十五）；（六）用词、造句、谋篇、布局等方面无明显失误，修辞错误率控制在2%。

英语教学论文全英版

Elementarynbsp;Englishnbsp;Languagenbsp;Artsnbsp;Methodsnbsp;-nbsp;Tenure-streamnbsp;ornbsp;Tenurednbsp;appointmentnbsp;-nbsp;UOIT07-61Elementarynbsp;Englishnbsp;Languagenbsp;Artsnbsp;Methodsnbsp;Competionnbsp;No:nbsp;nbsp;UOIT07-61Postingnbsp;Date:nbsp;nbsp;Augustnbsp;31,nbsp;2007Closingnbsp;Date:nbsp;nbsp;Novembernbsp;16,nbsp;2007Positionnbsp;Title:nbsp;nbsp;Tenure-streamnbsp;ornbsp;Tenurednbsp;tracknbsp;appointment;nbsp;ranknbsp;ofnbsp;Assistantnbsp;ornbsp;Associatenbsp;ProfessorFacultynbsp;ornbsp;Department:nbsp;nbsp;Facultynbsp;ofnbsp;EducationWenbsp;invitenbsp;younbsp;tonbsp;considernbsp;joiningnbsp;UOIT‘snbsp;globallynbsp;trainednbsp;facultynbsp;asnbsp;wenbsp;furthernbsp;ournbsp;reputationnbsp;asnbsp;anbsp;leading-edgenbsp;learningnbsp;environmentnbsp;andnbsp;deliveringnbsp;innovativenbsp;;UOITnbsp;hasnbsp;anbsp;21st-centurynbsp;visionnbsp;ofnbsp;teachingnbsp;andnbsp;learningnbsp;;Ournbsp;educationalnbsp;philosophynbsp;isnbsp;tonbsp;challenge,nbsp;tonbsp;encouragenbsp;innovation,nbsp;andnbsp;tonbsp;connectnbsp;ournbsp;faculty,nbsp;studentsnbsp;andnbsp;thenbsp;communitynbsp;whilenbsp;respectingnbsp;thenbsp;bestnbsp;practicenbsp;traditionsnbsp;ofnbsp;Canada‘snbsp;establishednbsp;;Facultynbsp;ofnbsp;Educationnbsp;atnbsp;UOITnbsp;invitesnbsp;applicationsnbsp;fornbsp;anbsp;tenure-streamnbsp;ornbsp;tenurednbsp;appointment,nbsp;withnbsp;expertisenbsp;innbsp;Elementarynbsp;Englishnbsp;Languagenbsp;Artsnbsp;Methods,nbsp;atnbsp;thenbsp;ranknbsp;ofnbsp;Assistantnbsp;ornbsp;Associatenbsp;Professor,nbsp;effectivenbsp;Julynbsp;1,nbsp;;Thenbsp;Facultynbsp;ofnbsp;Educationnbsp;atnbsp;UOITnbsp;innbsp;Oshawa,nbsp;Ontario,nbsp;seeksnbsp;innovativenbsp;tenurednbsp;andnbsp;tenure-streamnbsp;teachernbsp;educatorsnbsp;tonbsp;participatenbsp;innbsp;thenbsp;developmentnbsp;andnbsp;deliverynbsp;ofnbsp;itsnbsp;technology-enhancednbsp;;Thenbsp;Faculty‘snbsp;;programsnbsp;servenbsp;tonbsp;preparenbsp;elementarynbsp;andnbsp;secondarynbsp;teachersnbsp;innbsp;thenbsp;physicalnbsp;andnbsp;biologicalnbsp;sciences,nbsp;mathematics,nbsp;computernbsp;science,nbsp;visualnbsp;arts,nbsp;geography,nbsp;dramanbsp;andnbsp;;Thenbsp;Facultynbsp;alsonbsp;offersnbsp;anbsp;rangenbsp;ofnbsp;professionalnbsp;developmentnbsp;andnbsp;additionalnbsp;qualificationnbsp;coursesnbsp;andnbsp;isnbsp;developingnbsp;anbsp;proposalnbsp;fornbsp;graduatenbsp;;nbsp;UOITnbsp;isnbsp;committednbsp;tonbsp;anbsp;technology-enhancednbsp;Mobilenbsp;Learningnbsp;environmentnbsp;innbsp;whichnbsp;everynbsp;studentnbsp;usesnbsp;anbsp;laptopnbsp;computernbsp;andnbsp;allnbsp;facultynbsp;membersnbsp;teachnbsp;usingnbsp;anbsp;laptopnbsp;;Applicationsnbsp;arenbsp;soughtnbsp;fr

俺帮忙写一个

Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English literature. Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide readers. It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark madness. It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely unpleasant. And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel written. The novel is told in the form of an extended flashback. After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering Heights. It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named Heathcliff. And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all. WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off-putting. But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the other. As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death itself. Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even beyond. Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy. Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his father. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his son. Linton even says "... my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children. This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each other. This had happened between Isabella and Heathcliff. Isabella did not really know Heathcliff when she married him, but after she had married him she saw that Heathcliff was not a gentleman at all. To declare her feelings she wrote "Is Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil? I shan't tell my reasons for making this inquiry; but I beseech you to explain, if you can, what I have married ..."(125). Another example of this is when Catherine married Edgar Linton. Although she had been happy at the beginning of the marriage, she thought having parties all the time was going to be fun. Yet, after a while, she became bored. She also realized that she loved Heathcliff more than Edgar and would always love enlightenment created separation between Edgar and Catherine during the final hours of Cathy's life. An additional marriage which was made that was doomed was the one between Catherine and Linton. Because this was a forced marriage, Cathy had not yet learned all she could about she did not know until after the marriage that Linton was selfish and inconsiderate, she became distressed and grew isolated in the three failed marriages described in this novel show that knowing the person you will marry is very these marriages took place, jealousy also took a hold in some relationships. One example of this is when Mr. Earnshaw starts to favor Heathcliff over his own son, Hindley. Because of this, Hindley becomes jealous of young Heathcliff and sets out to make Heathcliff's life a nightmare. Hindley's jealousy becomes evident when he says ,"... be damned you beggarly interloper! and wheedle my father out of all he has; only afterwards show him what you are, imp of Satan."(35). Jealousy was also found very notably in the relationship between Heathcliff and Edgar Linton. The jealousy between them is expressed when Heathcliff and Edgar start a hostile conversation after Cathy's homecoming at Christmas near the beginning of the book. As the story progresses these two become bitter enemies who will not speak to one another. Another relationship which jealousy ruined is the one between Hareton and Linton. These two become jealous of each other over Cathy's affections. This relationship ends as Hareton and Linton hating each other. These relationships show that jealousy can ruin a relationship very quickly. The housekeeper Ellen Dean, or we can call her Nelly, tells most of the story. She witnesses the life of the three-generations in the two families. She is a good storyteller but we mustn’t believe all of what she said. She always thinks and considers things in a simple way. She couldn’t understand the deep love between Catherine and Heathcliff. She thinks it is a kind of madness. She is a limited narrator. In a certain way, this helps readers to understand Heathcliff better because he has no chance to defend himself. An outsider will see the whole thing more clearly. However, we should pay more attention not to be affect by her opinions and try to find the truth between the lines. As a main character Catherine is a paradox. She is attracted by Linton but doesn’t love him. She knows that clearly but she marries Linton without listening to the call of her heart. Many critics believe that what makes her marry Linton is only his high social status and wealth. I think this comment is unfair. In fact, she folly thinks to marry Linton will help Heathcliff “to rise and place him out of my brother’s power.” Her decision ruins herself, Heathcliff and the two families. She has to endure serious suffering because she knows clearly she love Heathcliff whole-heartedly but can’t become his wife. She confesses to Nelly her own thoughts: “…I am Heathcliff—he’s always, always in my mind—not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself—but as my own being…” She loves Heathcliff because he is more like her than herself. His existence is natural to her for they are the same in nature. They could understand each other without obstacles. Talking about Heathcliff, he is an evil person but I admire him because his love and hate is straight. Everyone has a devil in his heart. The one in Heathcliff’s heart is especially strong. In spite of this, I believe and can read between the lines that Amily Bronte also has her favor to Heathcliff. She wants to tell us evil and love are deeply planted in everyone’s heart and it is human nature.

英语作为一门学科，其本身即承载和蕴含有丰富的德育功能。但这些德育动能需要教师有意识的创设一定的教育情境。情景是道德教育中重要而有意义的组成部分。下面是我给大家推荐的英语教育类论文范文，希望大家喜欢!

《高中英语课堂教学中的德育教育与教学方法探索》

摘要：本文简要论述了英语语言和高中英语课程中所蕴含的德育功能，并进一步提出教师在利用教材和课堂所提供的虚拟道德情境帮助学生获得道德认知的基础上，还应该采用多种教学方法，有意识的为学生在课堂上提供人际交往的机会和场景。以创设真实的道德教育情境，在帮助学生有效完成英语学习的同时，引导他们达到道德知、情、意、行的统一。

关键词：道德;德育教育;高中英语;道德教育情境

中共中央国务院《关于进一步加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设的若干意见》要求：“学校……把德育工作摆在素质教育的首要位置，贯穿于教育教学的各个环节。”道德教育不是学校某一门课程的专有职能，也不是只在某一特定时候才开展的工作。“只有将道德教育与知识教学结合起来，通过学校开设的各种课程进行道德教育，才能为人的精神丰富与道德成长找到一条有效的途径”。

一、英语语言所蕴含的德育功能

早在上世纪20年代初，萨丕尔就指出，语言是描述人类经验与对世界认识的方式，同一语言社区的成员有着共同的、系统的信仰和理念，他们决定了社区的结构，并通过语言表达出来。因此，语言与文化不是互不相干的孤立的现象，他们紧密联系在一起。当代语言观认为，语言是文化的主要载体，也是习得文化的主要途径之一，而离开了文化，也不可能正确的习得与学习语言。何谓文化?英国人类学家泰勒(1871)指出，文化是指社会成员习得的知识、信仰，艺术、道德、法律与习俗的综合体。等人则进一步将文化分成三大块：思想、产物、与行为，而其中思想起着决定性作用。3由此可见。英语语言本身就承载着思想道德的内容。学习英语语言的过程，同时也是从另一个角度接受德育教育的过程。

二、高中英语课程中的德育功能

要开发和实现高中英语课程中的德育功能，首先要澄清德育教育的内容是什么。道德是一个人对人、事、物及其关系的基本观点，态度，情感及行为表现。4在人与人(他人与群体)之间，主体我(I)与客体我(me)之间，人与动物、人与自然、人与工作、人与神之间都存在道德关系。5从1997年3月正式开始实施的“全球生活价值教育项目”(Living Values Educa-tional Project)所提出的核心德目对我们的德育教育应该具有启示和指导作用，它们是：合作、自由、幸福、诚实、谦卑、爱心、和平、尊重、责任、朴素、容忍、团结。

教育部干2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准(试验)》对英语的课程性质作了如下规定：“英语课程的学习，既是学生通过英语学习和实践活动，逐步掌握英语知识和技能，提高语言实际运用能力的过程，又是他们磨练意志、陶冶情操、拓展事业、丰富生活经历，开发个性和提高人文素养的过程。”这其中显然包含了思想道德教育的内容。相应的，《课程标准》将“培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观”等作为英语课程的任务之一。

我们现行高中英语教材是高中英语教学的媒介物，是经过筛选的学习资料，这些材料本身就蕴含有丰富的德育功能。以人教版全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)英语第二册(上)为例：该书包括10个主题单元的内容，这10个主题分别涉及到了辩学、自然、文学、艺术、文化、生活、环保等领域，为学生提供了相关方面的一些知识，同时也为他们深入思考人类与这些事物之间的道德关系提供了很好的平台。比如第一单元的阅读文章No:Boundaries给学生简要介绍了Stephen Hawking，学生可以在学习掌握英语语言知识的同时，了解Hawking顽强的奋斗史，从而去追问顽强、信念、意志、责任之于生命的意义，去探求自由、幸福的哲学意义。

三、英语教学与道德教育情境的创设

如前所述，英语作为一门学科，其本身即承载和蕴含有丰富的德育功能。但这些德育动能需要教师有意识的创设一定的教育情境。情景是道德教育中重要而有意义的组成部分，情景不同，所产生的学习方式不同，其学习结果和效果也不同。

(一)课堂教学与虚拟道德情景

课堂教学就可以提供一种道德教育情境。以扎实高效的认知法(the cognitive approach)为例，其步骤一般是这样的：1、复习导入。讲解新词;2，讲解语法;3、语法练习;4、讲授新课，并展小组活动。逐句讨论课文内容与意义。教师总结;5、回到课文，听录音，学生就课文内容提问。如此，尤其是在开展第4和第5步骤的过程中，学生在老师有意识的引导下，在阅读材料和课堂所提供的虚拟情境中，即可获得一定的道德认知。但认知并非道德教育的全部，道德情感、道德意志和道德行动亦是道德教育非常重要的组成部分，毕竟，“人是做成的而并非生就的”。对于虚拟情境中的个体来讲，他的所作所为只是他的一种意象，并不能保证其在真实情最能够达到道德知、情、意、行的统一。

(二)课堂教学与真实道德情景

课堂教学中的真实情境最主要的是课堂人际交往中发生的各种场景，包括师生交往、生生交往等。这种情境因为过去一直没有受到教师教育意识的足够关注，教师和学生往往会在这种情境中展示出自己最自然本真的一面，因而它所体现的道德更多的是直觉性和习惯化的行为，因此也就更加利于师生之间进行更加有效的道德观察、道德评价和道德教育。当然，这要求教师在课堂教学中注意采用一些鼓励课堂人际交往的教学方法，如交际法，提示法、社区式语言学习法、整体教学法，任务型语言教学法、合作型学习等，并在教学开展的过程中有意识的关注自己和学生在课堂交往时的道德行为和表现，及时给予评价或鼓励。

需要说明的是，在道德教育的过程中——无论是虚拟情境抑或真实情境中，应鼓励学生在对话与协商中提升其道德判断和行为抉择的能力。为了保证师生、生生之间对话与协商的有效，在课堂交往中教师应注意有关言说与倾听有关的问题。在这里，哈贝马斯()所界定的理想言说的四个条件或许会有帮助：言说内容的真实性;言说行动的适当性，言说者意向的真诚性，言说含义的可领会性。至于倾听，教师则应注意避免“不倾听”、“不健全倾听”、“虚假倾听”、“拒绝倾听”、“批发式倾听”和“同情式倾听”等几种情况和倾向。

当然，德育教育绝非仅由教师和课堂教育教学就能完成，它需要政府、社会、学校、社区，家长和受教育者本人的共同努力。本研究仅希望能够对广大同行在相关方面的课堂教学提供一些思考。

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