中国的翻译论文开题报告

开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures. 二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 (课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向) Research Status: Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance.. Research Tendency: 21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality. 三、研究内容及研究目标 (对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标) Research Contents: A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified Black Is Associated With Profit Black Is Associated With the Black People 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Death Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful Black Is Associated With Anger B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty 2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With Death and Poor White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red Is Associated With Honor and Love 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red is Associated with the Obscenity Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism. Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Noble Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease Research Objectives: I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture. 四、预计的研究难点 (课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点) With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related. 五、创新点 (选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点) The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords. 六、进度计划 (根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排) 1. - , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing 2. - , 2008 Data gathering 3. - , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline 4. - , 2009 Literature review 5. - , 2009 First draft 6. - , 2009 Second draft 7. - , 2009 Final version 8. - May 14th, 2009 Printing 9. May 17th - May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate 七、资料来源 (指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料) [1] Baugh, . & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [2] Eckersley, . Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979. [3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985. [4] Hornby, . Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974. [5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. .: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997. [6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. .: Edward Arnold, 1989. [7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981. [8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006. [9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007. [11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7). [12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002. [13] 邓炎昌，刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，1991. [14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3). [15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2). 指导教师意见:(对课题的认可意见) 指导教师年月日系(教研室)审查意见: 系(教研室)主任: 年月日

你好，这个不是固定的，你可以和导师商量一下

题目定了么，格式给我。

下文是为大家精选的翻译在职硕士论文开题报告，希望对大家有帮助!

翻译在职硕士论文开题报告

论文题目：从顺应论的视角看企业外宣翻译中的语篇重构

1、选题意义和背景

随着中国加入世界贸易组织，中国企业的对外联系也日益增多。中国企业要想打入国际市场，提高在国际市场上的知名度，企业网站或宣传册上的企业简介扮演着十分重要的地位。通过阅读企业宣传资料，读者可以看出企业外宣材料既有关于企业的基本信息介绍，也有企业所做的文字上、句法上、结构上的这染来达到推广企业、大市场的目的。汉语企业外宣材料的翻译在英译过程中会涉及到与目的语不同的语言习惯、行文方式以及文化因素、社会政治因素、心理因素和审美因素等，这就需要译者对原文本做出适当调整，从内容和形式上对语篇进行重构，以此实现对交际意图的顺应。根据赖斯的文本类型说，本文有三种类型，分别是“信息型”、“表达型”和“诱导型”.笔者认为，企业外宣翻译属于“信息型”和“诱导型”文本兼而有之，而且更侧重于“诱导型”.因此，外宣翻译要更加注重文本的交际功能，要更多的考虑如何使译文所传递的信息更便于目的语读者理解和接受，并让读者产生共鸣，继而付诸行动，实现译文预期的功能。

比利时语用学家维索尔伦(Verschuem)提出了顺应论，将语言的使用过程看做语言为顺应不同的交际目的和交际对象进行动态选择的过程。因而可以从顺应论的视角研究语言使用。翻译作为一种特殊的交际方式，也可以从顺应论的视角对其进行研究。优秀的企业宣传材料不仅会提高企业的知名度，还会为企业带来不可估量的经济效益，因此任何一个想打入国际市场的企业务必在其外宣材料的翻译上做足功夫。由于中西方文化背景、历史渊源、生活环境的不同，译者在翻译企业外宣材料时为了获取目的语读者的认可并激发他们付诸行动，就要顺应目的语读者的阅读习惯、审美习惯以及心理因素、文化因素等对原文做出形式上和内容上的调整，而这一顺应的过程也是语篇重构的过程。本文突破性的将顺应论与语篇重构结合起来，并结合西麦克展览公司宣传材料和海天调味食品股份有限公司宣传材料及其翻译，试图从顺应论的视角分析企业外宣翻译中的语篇重构现象。

2、论文综述/研究基础

1987年维索尔伦(Verschueren)提出顺应论之后，在语用学界引起了很大反响，不久国内学者就将其引进到中国来。国内学者不仅从理论层面对顺应论进行研究和探索，而且将顺应论应用到翻译理论和实践、外语教学、二语习得、文化传播等领域。在这些领域中，成果最大的当属顺应论对翻译理论和其应用的研究。我国真正将顺应论引入翻译研究开始于21世纪初。

1 国外顺应论研究状况。

比利时语用学家维索尔伦(Verschueren)在《IprA工作文集》(IprA WorkingDocument 1) (1987, 45-48)中发表了一篇名为《作为顺应论的语用学》，标志着顺应论的提出。1995年，他较为详细并系统地在他主编出版的第一本《语用学手册》(handbook of Pragmatics)中对顺应论进行了进一步阐述。他认为，语言的使用过程就是语言为顺应不同的交际目的和交际对象进行动态地选择的过程。他将语用学描述为关于语言整体的、功能性综观，并将语用学定义为语言和交际在认知、社会与文化方面的研究。1998年，阿萨卡瑟(AsaKasher)主编的《语用学的关键概念》Pragmatics;: Critical Concepts)论文集中，维索尔伦发表了一篇名为《交际动态过程的语用模式》(v4 Pragmatic model for the dynamatics of communication )的文章，主要研究了顺应论中顺应的动态性。1999年，在他的专着《语用学新解》(Understaning Pragmatics)中，维索尔伦强调了语用学的地位和作用，这本书的出现标志着顺应论走向成熟。该书主张把语用学当作一种研究视角，突破了以往学者将语用学看作语言学的一个核心分支(语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学)的看法，而认为语用学是一种语言功能的视角或纵观，贯穿于语言学研究和使用的方方面面，可以照应到语言的各个层次。运用这一视角，可以研究不同的语言材料。这是一种研究方法上的革命，可以为语言的不同层面进行语用分析，也为语用学的学科性质进行了重新定位。

2 国内顺应论研究状况。

钱冠连是国内第一位将顺应论引入中国进行研究的学者。在他发表在《外语教学与研究》上的《语用学：语言适应理论----Verschueren语用学新论评述》(1991,62-66)的文章中，将维索尔伦对语言适应包括五个方面，即适应的对象、层次、阶段、领悟程度和适应策略进行了分析，并且就语言适应、选择和语言功能综观三者的关系进行了探讨，认真分析对比了维索尔伦的语用学新论和以往的语用学的区别。他还在《外语教学与研究》上发表了一篇《语用学：统一连贯的理论框架〈如何理解语用学〉述评》(2000,230-232)，该文章首先解释了语用学综观论的理论源头。维索尔伦从Morris的理论中得出了任何规则里都有语用成分，也能从不同的语言成分中审视到语用视角。其建设性意义体现在将语用学从语言学的并列学科出分割出来，使其不再属于语言资源的语言学，而是加入到语言使用的语言学去，作为是一种语言综观和视角来研究和使用，这不仅仅可以解决语用学问题，还为今后人们从语用学角度解释其他问题提供了一种新的视角。

国内除钱冠连外，2007年何自然主编的《语用三论：关联论顺应论模因论》一书也对维索尔伦的顺应论进行了详细介绍和评述。和以往语言学及语用学着作不同的是，该书紧紧把握住语用学研究与发展的方向，集语用学的三个前沿理论(关联论、顺应论、模因论)为一体来向国内读者进行西方翻译理论的介绍。

关于顺应论的部分，该书介绍了顺应论的理论来源、顺应论的三个核心概念、顺应论的视角观、顺应论的分析维度、顺应论的应用等。本书中理论与实例有效结合，为读者展现了顺应论的完整框架及其应用。该书指出，顺应论是宏观语用学的核心，顺应论为我们提供了一个研究和探讨语用学的全新视角。谭晓晨发表在《外语与外语教学》上的《语境的动态研究一--维索尔伦的语境适应论评介》(2000, 50-52)中介绍了维索尔伦的语境适应论，探讨了语言和语境互为构建的动态关系，指出动态生成的语境观是对传统语境研究及时而必要的补充。孙炬发表在《山东大学学报》上的《维索尔伦顺应论的语言哲学观》(2007,51-55)从语言哲学的立场阐释了维索尔伦的顺应论。语言的使用是哲学立场的反映，纵观维索尔伦的语用思想，折射出体现在意义观、心理认知观和语境观三个方面的语言哲学。此外，刘正光、吴志高从哲学、心理学以及语言学的角度论述了顺应论的理论基础，除了对语言顺应论做出肯定，他们还指出“将‘顺应’看成一把万能的朗匙，以解释所有的语言运用，有运用过度之嫌”(李元胜，2007:124)。

中国学者不仅专门对顺应论进行研究，还将其与其他理论结合或者将顺应论应用到不同的领域。在利用顺应论对其他问题进行研究的过程中，顺应论对翻译的研究占据多数。

从理论研究的角度来看，有的学者侧重于顺应论对翻译理论研究的启示，戈玲玲在发表在《外语学刊》上的《顺应论对翻译研究的启示----兼论语用翻译标准》(2000,7-11) -文中，为我们展现了语用翻译理论的发展历程，它超越了以往语言学研究的框架，将翻译看作是一种动态的信息交流活动。文章还指出，根据顺应论，语言和语境之间的顺应是一个相互的过程，两者可以相互影响，同样，翻译作为语言转换的过程，也会涉及到原语和目的语之间的相互顺应，这种顺应应该以满足交际双方的需要为目的，对交际语境、语言的选择和语言结构做出改变。

有的学者从顺应论的角度分析翻译策略和方法，王建国发表于《外语研究》上的《从语用顺应论的角度看翻译策略与方法》(2005,55-59) -文中，针对国内外翻译界对翻译方法和翻译策略的争论，他指出直译、意译、归化、异化只是翻译方法，而不是翻译策略，动态顺应才是翻译策略。同时，他还指出翻译的过程和结果是动态顺应的过程和结果。

顺应论在与翻译结合的过程中，学者们除了从翻译理论研究的角度分析和阐释顺应论对翻译研究的意义外，还将顺应论应用到具体的翻译实践中去，比如文学作品译作分析、应用文本译作分析，同时还有学者将顺应论与语用策略研究、外语教学研究、跨文化交际等方面联系起来。

叶苗在其着作《应用翻译语用观》COn Pragmatics Translation from theperspective of Pragmatics)中，首先对应用翻译进行了定位，然后从语用学的角度研究应用翻译。同时她主张以顺应论为基础来讨论和解释异化，并以《选美中国》为例，结合应用翻译中“异化”和“归化”之争，提出了在对具有中国文化特色的应用文本翻译时，译者可以采取异化策略，担负起传播中国文化的使命，扩大目的语读者的文化语境、认知语境，激发他们对中国文化和传统的兴趣和探索，增强我国软实力。

纵观国内顺应论的研究现状以及顺应论与翻译结合的研究现状，可以看出在顺应论对翻译的结合方面，研究者几乎都是从文学翻译、应用文翻译的角度进行研究，而且很多研究还是局限于维索尔伦顺应论的推介和重申，缺乏创新点，并且对理论的适用范围没有做出明确规定，导致了顺应论在很多领域的误用和滥用。

3、参考文献

Reiss, Katharina. Translation Criticism, The Potential &上海外语教育出版社，2004.

Verschueren, Jef. Understanding Pragmatics. Beijing: Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press. 2000.

戈玲玲。《顺应论对翻译研究的启示--兼论语用翻译标准》[J].黑龙江，外语学刊。2002 (3) :7-11.

公海燕《顺应论视角下广告翻译研究》。2012.

何自然。Pragmatics and CE/EC Translation [J].北京‘外语教学。1992 (1) ; 19-25.

何自然。《语用三论：关联论顺应论模因论》M.上海，上海教育出版社。2007.

何自然，冉永平。《语用学概论》[M].长沙，湖南教育出版社。2002.

胡芳毅，贾占波。《外宣翻译：意识形态操纵下的改写》[J] ?上海，上海翻译。2010⑴：23-28.

蒋澄生，廖定中。《语用学需要“顺应”潮流--顺应论的几个关键概念述评》[J].广州，广东工业大学学报。2005 (1) : 68-71.

贾文波。《应用翻译功能论(第二版)》[M].北京，中国出版集团公司。2012.

李明。《商务英语翻译(汉译英)》[M]?北京，高等教育出版社。2007.

李元胜《顺应论在中国的研究综述》[J].成都，成都大学学报 2007⑶：123-126.

刘恩祥，刘颖，李哲。《论语言顺应的动态性一基于广告语言的分析》[J].佛山，佛山科学技术学院学报(社会科学版)》。2011 (1) :70-73.

卢立程《企业对外宣传材料翻译中的语篇重构》[J].肇庆，肇庆学院学报。2007⑶：53-56.

钱冠连。《语用学：统一连贯的理论框架--J. Verschueren〈如何理解语用学〉述评》[J].北京，外语教学与研究。2000(3) :230-232.

钱冠连。《语用学：语言适应理论一“Verschueren语用学新论评述》[J] ?北京，外语教学与研究。1991(1)：61-66.

孙炬。《维索尔伦顺应论的语言哲学观》[J].济南，山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版)。2007 (6) :51-55.

潭晓晨。《语境的动态研究-维索尔伦的语境适应论评介》[J].北京，外语与外语教学。2002 (6)：50-52.

王建国。《从语用顺应论的角度看翻译策略与方法》[J].南京，外语研究。2005(4) :55-59.

叶丽萍《顺应论在企业简介汉英翻译中的应用》。2012,叶苗。《应用翻译语用观研究》M.上海，上海交通大学出版社。2009.

张运桥，严敏芬。《语用三观：关联论、顺应论、模因论评介》[J].广州，外语艺术教育研究。2009(3) :36-38.

中国时政词翻译论文开题报告

可写 Introduction 或 Background 介绍写论文的目的或研究的目标

翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

旅游中的翻译论文开题报告

英语毕业论文开题报告本科一般1000-2000字吧，研究生多点。字数不是关键，主要是内容，当时我写了几次都没过，还是学长给介绍的莫文网，高手就是不一般，一次性就通过了经贸英语语篇翻译策略探析旅游景点英语翻译中的跨文化意识探析跨文化交际中的新闻英语翻译实践探讨从功能角度研究商务英语翻译的原则和策略大学英语翻译教学存在的问题及对策浅谈科技英语翻译中的常见错误及应对技巧论国际商务英语翻译的多元化标准英语翻译中笔译要点分析优先出版大学英语翻译教学的问题与对策研究文化视角下的旅游英语翻译科技英语翻译的省译商务英语翻译教学的探索与思考国际科技交流中科技英语翻译存在的问题及技巧探析语义翻译和交际翻译观下科技英语翻译研究影响法律英语翻译的因素商务英语翻译的文化适应性问题探析国际商务英语翻译中的文化信息等值研究构建任务型商务英语翻译课程教学的研究旅游英语翻译与本土文化对接的思考项目依托式EAP教学实践研究——以《科技英语翻译》教学为例高中阶段英语翻译教学现状的调查研究国际贸易中商务英语翻译的文化差异及应对策略框架语义学视角下的英汉科技翻译研究基于功能翻译理论的高职院校土木工程专业英语翻译与教学研究中国职业男子篮球俱乐部体育英语翻译现状调查和改善对策研究康巴藏区旅游英语翻译现状调查研究商务英语翻译中文化意象的传递高职英语专业英语翻译课教改初探探讨中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响论文化转向对商务英语翻译的启示非英语专业硕士研究生科技英语翻译能力分析航海英语翻译若干问题商务英语翻译教材建构模式探微国内英语翻译现状分析及产业化思考从建构主义观点谈商务英语翻译教学

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

II. Literature Review

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

中国菜谱英语翻译论文开题报告

你好，这个不是固定的，你可以和导师商量一下

于饮食文化的论文：论饮食文化汉译英中的“意译论饮食文化汉译英中的意译” 意译〔摘要〕把中国的饮食文化翻译为英语是一件很复杂的工作。要把饮食文化，尤其是菜谱忠实地传达出来，要兼顾菜名的“形美、音美、意美”，又要考虑到西方人的饮食所讲究的内容和实质，同时还需要关注菜肴本身的材料、烹调方法和人们的饮食文化心理。本文搜集了大量的菜谱英语译名并加以归纳，总结出中国饮食文化尤其是菜谱汉译英中的“意译”情况。〔关键词〕菜谱翻译 “意译” 〔中图分类号〕H315〔文献标识码〕A〔文章编号〕1009-5349（2010） 11－0042－02 引言民以食为天，饮食是人们日常生活的大事。饮食文化也是世界各族人民文化中不可缺少的一部分，在各族文化中占有非常重要的地位。在经济全球化的趋势下，越来越多的外国人到中国来工作，或者跟中国人打交道，而他们也在不断地了解中国，学习中国文化。饮食文化是中国文化中的一个很重要的部分，很多外国学者及外国游客对此兴趣浓厚。要做好饮食文化的对外宣传，我们首先就要把我国的菜谱翻译出来、整理成文。大多数中国食谱的命名方式都是“形美、音美、意美”，让食客看得舒服的同时，还充满着期待。中式菜谱的翻译除了要求语义对等，还必须注重文化联系，这就要求翻译出来的菜名符合西方人的文化、语言、价值观等思维。根据王秀芬在其论文《浅析中式菜谱的文化和翻译》的总结和归纳，我国的学者把菜名译成英文的常用方法有四种。 (1)写实型命名法。如“烤乳猪”被译为 Roast Piglot，“糖醋排骨”被译为 Spareribs with Sweet and Soysauce” (2)写意型命名法。如“红烧狮子头”被译为 Stewed Meat Balls with Brown Sauce.“芙蓉水晶虾”被译为 Shrimps Cooked with Eggwhite. (3)典故型命名法。如“东坡肉”被译为 Dongpo Braised Pork.“叫花鸡”被译为 Beggar’s Chicken. (4)以地名、数字命名法。如“北京烤鸭”被译为 Peking Duck.“八宝饭”被译为 Eight-Jewel Rice Pudding. 这四种菜谱的翻译法基本上都能被外国人所接受。然而从翻译的方法来说，许多菜名都采用了意译。一、意译意译总是与直译、音译联系在一起的。关于意译，钱歌川在其著作《翻译漫谈》中是这样定义的：“采用原文大意，或甚至有时候改变原意，依译者自己的意思写出，结果是不大忠于原文（钱歌川，1980：11）。”在汉译英中，很多时候，直译会让外国人莫名其妙。在把中国饮食文化对外宣传的翻译过程中，不管写实型命名法还是典故型命名法的菜谱，都不可避免地采用意译。二、中国菜谱的意译中国的菜谱五花八门，各具特色。有的只看菜名就对其做工材料一目了然，有的则采用历史文化典故，让客人在品菜的同时，感受文化气氛；而有的菜名确实展示了地方特色和民族风情，有的则采取的是浪漫主义的命名方式，让食客充满遐想。很多菜名还采用了文化典故、历史事件、成语、俗语、谚语来命名，这就约束了中国菜名翻译时的直译手法。因为很多时候，直译会让外国人费解，中国人若是不了解这道菜，也会被英文译文弄得莫名其妙，不知所谓。所以，在把中国菜名翻译成译文的时候，更应该多采用意译的方法。本文通过分析、归纳和总结，发现中国菜谱采用意译通常有以下三种。（一）直译表达不明时，常采用意译把菜谱译出文化的差异必然导致理解上的困难。不是所有的外国人都有那么好的中文语言基础和积淀，很多中文说法、词语在我们炎黄子孙看来毫不费劲，但是在外国人眼里，这些表达可能引起误解，或者让他们在点菜时，因为不理解不了解而无从下手。直译菜名很多时候并不适合外国人看，因为直译往往会让一样东西在两种语言中呈现出很大的差异，译文跟原文也许会互不相干或是背道而驰。因为不是所有的中文词汇都能在英文中找到语义与之对等的单词。或者有时候找到与之意思相近或者相同的单词，但是这些词不一定可以传达菜名的用意，因为菜名通常还包含着深厚的文化内涵。这时候，菜名的翻译只能采用意译，在直译不能确切表达菜名本意的时候，添加成分，以达到解释说明的作用。如，白饭，如果直译，则为 White Rice，但是中国人说“白饭”，强调的并非它的颜色而是它的内容，是指单独的米饭，不包括菜或其他配料。所以，为求更准确地表达出中文“白饭”二字的涵义，译者此时应该舍弃直译而采用意译， “Plain White Rice”，加上 plain 一词，外国人更容易联想到饭本身的材料，有 white 他们也不会想到“黑米饭去”。又如“凤凰玉米羹”这道菜，中国人大概都知道这道菜中的凤凰并非指一种鸟，而指的是鸡，称之为凤凰只是为求好听，因为这样命名会让这道菜显得更有档次。若把其中的“凤凰”译为 phoenix，则让外国人纳闷，因为凤凰仅仅是传说中的一种鸟，并非真实存在的动物，如果搬到餐桌上来了，让人难以置信。虽然很多外国人可以在不明真相的情况下点了这道菜，但是上菜时，他们总会知道这里的“凤凰”的真实身份，或许到时候很多外国食客会觉得失望。所以对于这道菜，我们可以译为 corn and chicken porridge。又如“臭豆腐”，有人直译为“Smelly tofu”。这种译法算不上错，因为 Smelly 一词本身就能很确切地描述出臭豆腐的气味特点。但是，很多外国食客也会因为“Smelly”一词而放弃对此食物的尝试。其实臭豆腐除了臭，也还有香的一面，闻起来臭，吃起来香，这就是臭豆腐的特点。所以，我们应该采用意译的方法，把“臭豆腐”译为“stinky tofu”。（二）结合菜肴所需的主要材料翻译菜名很多菜谱包含了俗语或习语，而对于俗语、习语的翻译，直译也无法正确表达其含义，此时多采用意译。然而，对于菜名的翻译，又不能完全等同于单独的俗语、习语本身的翻译。单独的俗语、习语本身的翻译采用解释、增译等方法传达其内涵和意思，然而包含俗语、习语的菜名，不仅要求翻译工作者能够通彻领悟俗语、习语本身的含义，还要注意俗语、习语本身与菜肴之间的紧密联系。习语、成语做菜名时所反映的文化内涵和历史渊源，比菜名本身更为重要。此外，翻译人员在翻译时还必须注意把菜肴所需的主要材料表达出来，但又不能过多剔除习语、成语本身的意蕴。因为如果仅仅传达了成语、俗语等意思，而忽略菜肴材料的介绍，则会让食客在点菜的时候难以兼顾营养的搭配和均衡。如果食客只是对菜名好奇而点菜，到时候上的菜全部是肉类，这会让客人觉得很油腻，整个饭局吃得不够尽兴。同时从营养的角度来说，也是不科学的。所以，翻译人员在翻译的过程中，不能仅仅把菜名当作是简单的一个词语来翻译，而应该把菜名与菜肴所需的主要材料结合起来，力求使菜谱的翻译能够完美、忠实地表达原意。如，中国有道菜叫“过山峰炖清汤”，如果翻译此菜名时采用直译，则会将其译为 Guoshan Peak clear soup。对于此译文，不仅外国人看不懂，就连土生土长的中国人也摸不清这道菜是用什么做的，点了这道菜他们将会品尝到什么。实际上，这是一道鸡汤。“过山峰”在此当然不可能是一座山峰，也不可能是山上的某块材料，而是指鸡块本身。为此，我们的翻译工作者把此菜译为 Mountain Peak chicken clear soup。译文既表达了中文原意，又指出了菜肴所需的材料，同时也不会让外国食客误解 Mountain Peak 在此菜名中的含义。又如，我们日常生活中常见的一道家常菜“麻婆豆腐”，很多饭馆将其译为 Ma Po’s bean curd。此种译法对于熟悉此菜的中外食客而言是无关紧要的，然而并非所有的外国食客都了解中国的饮食文化。Ma Po 会被理解为一个人名。她的豆腐可做菜名，对食客当然具有一定的吸引力，但是这菜毕竟还是豆腐，不管是谁的牌子，对很多外国食客而言不一定有吸引力，或者说他们并不一定清楚这个豆腐与其他豆腐的不同之处。但是如果我们采用“意译”的方法，把菜肴的材料填补上去，说不定可以引发食客的兴趣，刺激其的食欲。“麻婆豆腐” 的特别之处在于它的烹饪所需的配料。所以，我国的翻译工作者也把它译为 “Bean curd with mince and chili oil”。还有“蚂蚁上树”一菜，单看中文菜名，很多中国食客也会认为是吃蚂蚁，因为在中国的饮食文化当中，蚂蚁也是可以吃的，也可以泡酒，或是打汤。而实际上，这道菜是面条跟碎肉末一起烹饪的。煮熟以后，肉末附在面条上，就如蚂蚁爬到了树上一样。此菜的中文菜名的命名是采用比喻的方法，所以我们在翻译此菜名时，不可以简单地译为 Ants climbing trees，因为 Ants 会让外国人食欲尽失。同时，此种译法又不能正确地反映出这道菜的真正内涵，所以把这个菜名译为 Vermicelli with cpicy minced pork 更受青睐。（三）意译关注菜肴的烹饪方法用“意译”翻译出其材料固然好，但是单看材料也不一定就能表达出一道菜的真正风味，因为同一材料根据不同的刀法和烹调方法可以做出千变万化的多种佳肴。饮食文化很讲究刀法和烹调方法，如烘（baking）、蒸（steaming）、煮（boiling）、炸（deepfrying）、剥皮（skinning）、腌制（pickling）、切片（slicing）、切碎（mingcing）、熏（smoking）等。烹饪方法在食物、菜肴的制作过程中非常重要，因为它不仅影响了食物的味道，还影响了食物的营养和口感。所以，在直接翻译菜名材料不能传达菜肴的本质意思的时候，我们可以采用意译的方法，在意译中注重烹饪方法的翻译。如“千层饼”被译为“multiple-layer steamed bread”突出了饼的形状， “steamed”又明确了这种饼的烹调方法。此种译法又让外国食客门路清晰而不至于会错意点错菜，这比“multiple-layer bread”多了一层“multiple-layer bread”的意思，而多出的这层意思就是烹饪的方法。“multiple-layer bread”可以让外国食客明白千层饼的外表和材料，而 steamed 又能让客人了解这道事物的做工程序。又如“茄汁鸡脯”这道菜，从菜名就可以看出其材料的主要成分：茄汁和鸡肉。然而单看菜名，一般食客并不知道其中的制作过程和方法，因为任何人都很难从菜名中寻究出很明显的答案来。用茄汁和鸡肉混在一起可以做出几个样式的菜来，而直译这两个材料并不能让客人想象出菜肴的味道。事实上，这里的鸡肉是油炸过的。熟悉这道菜的真正内容和其烹调方法之后，我们就可以将其译为“Fried chicken in tomato sauce”。此菜译文突显了烹调方法，又充满了西方饮食风味，让外国食客倍感亲切。又如“桶子鸡”，若直译为“Chicken in pail”，则让人误以为此菜为炖品，拿桶来盛装以求新鲜。事实上，这道菜是干的，跟盐焗鸡差不多，只是这里选用的鸡为童子鸡。所以，这道菜译为“Spring chicken in salt”时，则会让外国食客更容易从菜名上最快地获取其所需信息而不影响菜肴文化内涵的传达。菜谱的翻译有时候让人费心费力，但有时候也可以让人舍繁从简。在很多大餐馆的菜单上，菜谱旁边大都附上图片。有了图片，食客无需从文字上考虑太多菜肴所包含的材料。此时，菜谱的翻译尽可以从简，只突出其刀法或者其烹调方法即可。如“铁扒比目鱼”，在有图片说明的情况下，我们可将其译为“Grilled Sole”。在此不需要突出盛装菜肴的器皿，也不需强调此菜为汤类还是干炒类或是其他的。三、结语把中国菜谱翻译成英文，既要兼顾菜名给人留下的特有意象，又要考虑到西方人的饮食思维和爱好，兼顾菜肴本身的材料、烹调方法和人们的饮食文化心理。因为文化上的差异，加上翻译中出现的语义上的困难，所以“意译”在菜谱的翻译中占着非常重要的地位，因为“意译”比直译更能让译者更好地传达中国的饮食文化，其译文也能更易为外国食客所接受。当然，因为意译本身有时候也会让译文失去菜名原有的韵味，语言也失去了色调，所以，中国菜谱的翻译还将是未来长期的研究话题。【参考文献】 [1]王秀芬.浅析中式菜谱的文化和翻译[J].金华职业技术学院学报,2001(01). [2]伦淑新.直译与意译浅析[J].中国校外教育(理论),2007(11). [3]钱歌川.翻译漫谈[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1980. [4]卫虹.短命的意译词语[J].语文研究,1984(01).

中国饮食文化涉及到食源的开发与利用、食具的运用与创新、食品的生产与消费、餐饮的服务与接待、餐饮业与食品业的经营与管理，以及饮食与国泰民安、饮食与文学艺术、饮食与人生境界的关系等，深厚广博。从外延看，中国饮食文化可以从时代与技法、地域与经济、民族与宗教、食品与食具、消费与层次、民俗与功能等多种角度进行分类，展示出不同的文化品味，体现出不同的使用价值，异彩纷呈。俗话说就是填饱肚子，就是一个“吃”字。形式比较原始，只解决人的最基本的生理需要。境界一“果腹”吃的第一大境界当然是“果腹”，俗话说就是填饱肚子，就是一个“吃”字。形式比较原始，只解决人的最基本的生理需要。这个境界的吃，不需要费心找地儿，各种商场的小吃城；街头的成都美食和中式的快餐店，如：各式面馆、永和豆浆等，西式快餐的麦当劳、肯德基也可列入其中，一盘宫保鸡丁，一盘白菜豆腐，外加一小碗汤，一碗主食足以。一个人，两个人，三五人均可。这个境界的吃千万别麻烦，一麻烦就脱离了本质，吃起来也就十分不爽。境界二“饕餮”吃的第二大境界应该是“饕餮”。吃的是一个“爽”字。呼三五好友去一家稍大众的馆子，稀里哗啦点上满满的一大桌菜，价钱却不贵，胡吃海塞一通，兴致所致，还能吆喝两声，划几下拳，甚至还可以赤膊上阵。适合这种吃法的有涮肉、大众菜等。但免不了一个“俗”字，有不雅之嫌疑，同时也有浪费之嫌疑。境界三“聚会”吃的第三大境界应该是“聚会”。此境界重在这个“聚”字。家人、朋友、加班聚餐等都属于这一类。这种吃不需要太多的讲究，“吃”是个形式，关键在“聚”背后的引申含义。逢年过节、生日聚会、升迁发奖，友人来访，随便找个理由都可以去趟馆子，这是一种礼节上的习惯。这种吃讲究个热闹。不需要太豪华和奢侈。金百万、金鼎轩、小土豆、稍微高档一点的川菜馆如巴国布衣等之类都可以满足需要，高档一点的还可以去吃一些比较流行和有名气的馆子。境界四“宴请”吃的西餐第四大境界应该是“宴请”。多以招待为主。商场招待、官场招待、公务招待、上下级招待、危机处理招待、重大事情招待等都属于这一范畴。这种吃不以“吃”的本质为主旨，关键在于这个招待背后的目的。所以，这种吃重在讲究一个排场，价钱昂贵，因此也多以公款招待为主。在京城，这是支撑餐饮经济的重要支柱。这种吃都有一个共同点，大多都是在“包间”进行，所以，对馆子的要求要严格一点。如各大宾馆饭店的豪华餐厅，知名大酒楼等、海鲜、鱼翅、鲍鱼宴、官府菜等。但这个境界的吃难免给人一种有暴殄天物之叹，吃后回来，却又发现没有吃饱。境界五“养生”吃的第五大境界应该是“养生”。它比较讲究“食补”，是大吃大喝在认识观念上的一种理性升华。这种吃多以正宗的煲汤为主：甲鱼汤、老鸦汤、野山菌汤等，足足地焖上十多个小时，满满地端上来，味道纯正，饱饱地喝上一顿，无比滋润，真乃人生一大幸事，就是从心理上对积劳的身体也是一个安慰。在北京，这样的馆子有很多，进入饭店的正门，有一排瓷罐摆着，大多比较正宗。江西来的瓦罐、广东来的各式煲、云南来的野山菌汤、正宗的鱼翅煲、潮洲来的燕窝汤、官府菜的南瓜鱼翅都是比较典型的。但有时价钱却是一个瓶颈，不是一般人轻易就能上口的。境界六“解馋”吃的第六大境界应该是“解馋”，吃的东西一定要“鲜”。这个境界有两个层次：一是吃“物”，如那些只常听说却鲜见的鲜物鲍鱼、龙虾、法式大餐之类；二是吃“名”、吃“文化”：如大董和全聚德的烤鸭，顺峰、黎昌的海鲜以及淮扬菜、杭州菜、本帮菜、谭鱼头火锅、皇城老妈、孔乙己酒店等境界七“觅食”吃的第七大境界应该是“觅食”，那就得四处去“找”。在寻找中获得“吃”的乐趣，是本境界的一大妙处。这个“找”又分为两个层次，一个是有目的地去找口头盛传的流行馆子；一个是漫无目的地找寻意中的吃处。这个“找”字重在一个偶然发现，豁然开朗，一下子就对上了当时的心情和感觉。境界八“猎艳”吃的第八大境界应该是“猎艳”，所以馆子要“奇”。这样的馆子都是比较稀罕的特色店，如：非洲来的、越南来的等都在这一范畴。“新”、“奇”、“特”是主要特征。适合这类馆子的人群一般是时尚人士、有品位的少夫少妻、白领人群等。价钱中档，不用担心被宰。境界九“约会”吃的第九大境界应该是“约会”，这时吃的已经不是“物”，而是“情”。大多的时候，点的多，吃的少。这种吃千万不要是两个同性别的人，以免让人误会，最好也不要是夫妻，因为已过了“约会”的阶段。凡是到这种地方来吃的，两人之间大多都有一种心灵上的默契，说出来就变得俗，不表现出来又压抑。于是，以一个“吃”的借口“会”在一起，吃也吃了，谈也谈了，尽管大多的时候没有吃。适合这类吃的馆子如：茶餐厅、有餐饮服务的咖啡店，而且一定还要有柔软的沙发。境界十“独酌”吃的最后一个境界应该是“独酌”，在于一个“品”字，吃什么不太重要，关键是一个寥落的心情，要么伤感、要么闲适。这种馆子一定要是隐匿在很深的巷子里，店面古朴，又十分宁静。这个时候还应该有一瓶古典的酒，最好屋外再飘着零星的雨丝或雪花。一个人浅斟低酌，物我两忘。惟一的遗憾是，这种店已经很少有，恐怕只有在梦里才可以见得着。

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

II. Literature Review

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

翻译论文开题报告范文中文

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

II. Literature Review

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：