傲慢与偏见论文的参考文献英文

这里是Jane Austen的pridepre&judice介绍站，其中有写作风格与总结。还有：

—浅议简·奥斯丁《傲慢与偏见》中宾利和简的婚姻 The combination based on love and similar interests results in a happy marriage —The marriage of Bingley and Jane in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Abstract This article generally analyses the marriage of Bingley and Jane. The author thinks that Bingley and Jane have many similarities in their characters, which lead them to a successful marriage although they all lack strength in their marriage. The author also points out that Bingley and Jane married for love, not for the money, status or good looks. So the combination of them is really a blessed and happy marriage. Key words Marriage Love Interests happy Content Jane Austen (1775-1817), who was born at Steventon on December 16, 1775, was one of the greatest novelists in England. She was the youngest of seven children in her family. She received most of her education at home. Her family are all fond of reading books, which influenced her very much. Her reading extended little beyond the literature of the eighteenth century, and within that period she admired Dr. Johnson particularly. And later she was delighted with both the poetry and prose of Scott. She died on July 18, 1817, and was buried in the cathedral in Winchester. She totally wrote six novels in her life. Among the six novels, Pride and Prejudice has been valued as the most successful and popular masterpiece. In this novel, Jane Austen mainly described the ordinary life of the Bennets . She told us four different marriages to show the readers that different people have different attitudes towards love. And also she expressed her own viewpoints on marriage that a combination based on love and similar interests is a happy and perfect marriage. In her opinion, the money-oriented marriage and sex-oriented marriage are not successful although the people can live together. The theme is narrow, but she showed us a beautiful tableau of the England people’s life of her own time. It seems that she had a talent to describe the ordinary life of people. “Read again, and for the third time at least, Miss Austen's very finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice. That young lady has a talent for describing the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I ever met with.”1 Because of the lack of her experiences and knowledge, the characters in Pride and Prejudice are all of her own social class: The ladies and gentlemen of the landed gentry. And also, in every conversation, there was at least one lady. “The conversations of ladies with ladies, or of ladies and gentlemen together, are given, but no instance occurs of a scene in which men only are present.”2 Most parts of the story are the intricacies of courtships and marriages between the members of her class, which are great attraction to many readers. Among all the marriages in this novel, the combination of pleasant Bingley and mild Jane is the most blessed and happy one. The couple has similar interests and they insisted on pursuing their true love, which lead them to a happy and perfect marriage. Mr. Bingley was a good looking and gentlemanlike person whose revenues were about 5,000 pounds a year. As a young man who had good breeding, he was cordial and simple with easily-led disposition. With this character, he never appeared dissatisfied. He was easy to approach and constant in love although he was very rich. However, he lacked strength and independence in his marriage, which was a grievous defect of him. In the novel, Bingley was popular with almost everybody in everywhere. He had a pleasant countenance and easy unaffected manners. It is easy to find that he was agreeable both in appearance and character. The first appearance of Bingley was the time when he “returned Mr. Benner’s visit, and sat about ten minutes with him in his library.”3But the exact time when the readers began to know him was some days later. At the first ball at Netherfield, he was shown to everybody and the readers began to make acquaintance of his personality through his behavior. “ Mr. Bingley had soon made himself acquainted with all the principal people in the room; he was lively and unreserved, danced every dance, was angry that the ball closed so early, and talked of giving one himself at Netherfield. Such amiable qualities must speak for themselves.”4 Of course these personal strength won Jane’s admiration. She thought that he was just what a young man ought to be. In her eyes, Mr. Bingley was a sensible, good-humored, lively young man. And she had never seen anyone who had so many advantages with perfect good breeding! He was just her Mr. Right! At that ball, “Bingley’s attentions to Jane had given rise to a general expectation of their marriage. He spoke of it as a certain event, of which the time alone could be undecided.”5 Mr. Bingley also noticed Jane at that night. He fell in love with Jane at their first ball and their romance flourished quietly and steadily. His affection towards Jane was obviously sincere andunaffected. It was obvious that when Jane suffered a trifling cold, he was worried about her. His anxiety and attention to her was evident. For example, when Elizabeth said that she couldn’t leave her sister because Jane’s illness was worse, “Bingley urged Mr. Jones’s being sent for immediately.”6 and “Bingley was quite uncomfortable.”7 The following sentences also are the evidences: “ but diffuseness and warmth remained for Bingley’s salutation. He was full of joy and attention. The first half hour was spent in piling up the fire, lest she should suffer from the change of room; and she removed at his desire to the other side of the fire-place, that she might be farther from the door. He then sat down by her, and talked scarcely to anyone else.”8 It is not difficult for the readers to find Bingley’s real concern and affection towards Jane from these details. He was cordial and constant in his love. As a pleasant and modest person, Mr. Bingley was far from the man who was strong and determined. This is his merit but also his demerit. His cordial and simple character leads to his quiet romance with Jane. But his weak and easily-led character leads to his parting with Jane. So when their romance went smoothly, he suddenly departed from Jane, which nearly ends his happy love and marriage. Generally speaking, his departure from Jane was caused by the relationship between him and Darcy. They were good friends although they were different in character. Between them there was a very steady and constant friendship. Bingley was endeared to Darcy by the easiness, openness and ductility of his temper. It is no doubt for Darcy that Bingley had the firmest reliance. For Darcy, he wanted to help his friend. In his opinion, it is impossible for Jane to love Bingley. So he persuaded Bingley not to take Jane in marriage. This point can be found from his letter to Elizabeth: “Her (Jane) look and manners were open, cheerful, and engaging as ever, but without any symptom of peculiar regard, and I remained convinced from the evening’s scrutiny, that though she received his attentions with pleasure, she did not invite them by any participation of sentiment.” 9 For Bingley, he had an easily-led temper. He was so modest and pliable that he had no opinion about his own marriage. No matter how obvious his attachment to Jane was, he believed Darcy’s representation of Jane’s indifference was true. Because Mr. Bingley’s two sisters didn’t like Jane, they thought Mr. Bingley should choose Georgiana(Darcy’s sister) as his wife. So they also disagree with Bingley about his marriage with Jane. Under the influences of his sisters and Mr. Darcy, Bingley began to doubt Jane’s affection to him. Finally, he thought Jane didn’t love him, so he left her without saying good-bye. Later, when all the misunderstandings clarified, he came back to Jane at Darcy’s assistance. Bingley’s indecisive character determines his happiness and results that his life was controlled by others. Jane was the first children in her family. She was a kind and mild girl who was the most beautiful one among her sisters. As an introverted girl, she is constant in her love but lacks strength and self-confidence. She didn’t want others to know her love to Mr. Bingley, so she pretended that she had nothing to do with him. Compared with other girls, she was the most mild, kind, modest and almost perfect girl in this novel. Sometimes she was a little innocent. In her eyes, everybody is perfect. She never saw the ugly fact of life even she was deceived. Her character is vividly showed in many parts of the novel. “Compliments always take you (Jane) by surprise, and me (Elizabeth) never”10 and “Oh, You (Jane) are a great deal too apt you know, to like people in general, you never see a fault in anybody, all the world are too good and agreeable in your eyes. I (Elizabeth) never heard you speak ill of a human being in my life.” 11 According to this, readers can find that how kind and innocent Jane was. And also it is quite natural for Jane to fall in love with the pleasant and simple Bingley. She met him at the ball, and after then, she adored Bingley very much. But with her introverted and tranquil disposition, Jane controlled her passion too much, which nearly consumed her felicity. Although she loved Mr. Bingley after the ball, she had no courage to express it. She cherished her feelings towards him, but she chose to conceal it. She didn’t display her true feelings. On the contrary, she controlled her passion to the best of her ability, lest anyone find it. She only showed genteel pleasure and politeness although her heart was fluttering with romantic passion. In a sense, her attitude towards love was passive. According to the above, Darcy thought that though Jane was pleased with Bingley, she didn’t love him. He thought Jane’s “countenance and air was such as might have given the most acute observer a conviction that, however amiable her temper, her heart was not likely to be easily touched.”12 In his eyes, Bingley was involved in an unavailable love. So after then, he made great efforts to separate Bingley from Jane. After Bingley’s departure, Jane suffered great distress. She was very depressed. But because of the defect of her character, she pretended to be all right and said nothing about her sadness. Here, readers can find that her weakness and obedience had been thoroughly exposed. In the novel, Bingley and Jane never stopped pursuing their true love although there were so many obstacles between them. Fortunately, with the help of Darcy and Elizabeth, they finally got married and had a happy life. Bingley and Jane had many similarities in their characters, which is the main reason to the success of their marriage. They possessed personal attractiveness and dignity, social graces, and a measure of good sense. They all had good breeding, but lacked insight, strength, and self-confidence. They didn’t show their insides easily to the publics because they cared the social criticism too much. For Jane, she always concealed her true feelings, which gave others a illusion that she didn’t love Bingley. For Bingley, he yielded easily to criticism of Jane’s social position and easily accepted the suggestions of his sisters and Darcy, which almost consumed the felicity between Jane and him. In manner of speaking, the outside forces facilitated their marriage. According to the relationship between Bingley and Jane, love and similar interests are the basic factors of a successful and happy marriage. With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily. Most important of all, the couple with similar interests can live together with a happy life, because there are understandings, helps and supporting between them. They don’t care the defects of their partners and even they don’t see any faults in each other. Just as the old saying going, “Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fill into the same group.”

哈哈，我的论文也是《傲慢与偏见》，下面是我的一些参考文献，你可以看下 Austen. Pride and Prejudice. Shanghai World Books Press, 2007. Jiayong. Today’s Most Popular Study Guides: Pride and Prejudice. Tianjin:Tianjin Technology Translation Press, Weiping. A History of the Artistic Development of the English Novel. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, . Black Cat有声名著阶梯阅读: Pride and Prejudice. Huadong Normal University Press, 2004.

First published in 1813, Pride and Prejudice has consistently been Jane Austen's most popular novel. It portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day, and tells of the initial misunderstandings and later mutual enlightenment between Elizabeth Bennet (whose liveliness and quick wit have often attracted readers) and the haughty Darcy. The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the ways in which Elizabeth and Darcy first view each other. The original version of the novel was written in 1796-1797 under the title First Impressions, and was probably in the form of an exchange of Austen's own tongue-in-cheek opinion of her work, in a letter to her sister Cassandra immediately after its publication, was: "Upon the whole... I am well satisfied enough. The work is rather too light, and bright, and sparkling; it wants [. needs] shade; it wants to be stretched out here and there with a long chapter of sense, if it could be had; if not, of solemn specious nonsense, about something unconnected with the story: an essay on writing, a critique on Walter Scott, or the history of Buonaparté, or anything that would form a contrast and bring the reader with increased delight to the playfulness and general epigrammatism of the general style".Jump to the Pride and Prejudice table of contents. Document structure:This Pride and Prejudice e-text is fairly thoroughly hypertexted, but there are no cross references from one part of the main body of the text to another part. Instead, links go into or out of the main text, either to or from one of five indexes: The list of characters, the list of events in chronological order, the comments on random topics, the index to the motifs of "pride" and "prejudice", or the list of important places (with a map).It has been pointed out that since Chapter 1 is marked up pretty much the same way as any other chapter, those who have never read Pride and Prejudice before may find a confusing plethora of links in the first few chapters -- don't feel you have to click on to use this DocumentIf you have a graphics browser, then you will see little mini-icons preceding links in some menus in the Pride and Prejudice hypertext (and elsewhere in the Jane Austen pages):A down-arrow indicates a link to the next subdocument in a series (or to a later point, often the end, in the current subdocument). An up-arrow indicates a link to the preceding subdocument in a series (or to an earlier point, often the beginning, in the current subdocument). A curvy back-arrow indicates a jump back to a superordinate document (often a higher-level table of contents). A rightwards-pointing arrow indicates all other links (. links to a subdocument subordinate to the current one, or random "sideways" links). One practical point is that when web browsers follow a link, they tend to put the text referenced by the link at the extreme top of the screen or window, which can be a little awkward for a document which includes many links which go to the middle of a paragraph, as this one does. When you have followed a link, and the promised topic of the link doesn't seem to immediately leap into prominence, look near or at the top of the window, and then scroll back a few lines if necessary to get the immediate context of the reference. On the other hand, when there is a reference to a location near the end of an HTML file, some browsers (including the most frequently used graphic browsers!) will put the end of the file at the bottom of the window, with no indication of where in the window the target location is. (Complain to the software companies about these annoying browser peculiarities.)

论文傲慢与偏见参考文献英文

这里是Jane Austen的pridepre&judice介绍站，其中有写作风格与总结。还有：

摘要】本文从作品中青年男女婚恋观和人性两方面入手，思考《傲慢与偏见》中不同人物的婚姻选择及人物行为动机与结果相背离的原因。由此揭示出个人不同婚姻选择的最直接原因在于其需要层次的差异，人性中的自欺和欺人是导致行为动机和结果背离的原因。【关键词】婚姻观人性《傲慢与偏见》《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的代表作。这部反映婚姻问题的小说为读者生动的展现了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。时至今日，这部小说仍然吸引着众多读者，引发人们对人性本质的观察和无限思考。奥斯汀的小说主题大都是描写绅士淑女间的婚姻和爱情风波。讨论 “理智”与“情感”的对立，女主人公大多是年轻的小姐，故事情节一般是她们怎样生活，怎样从情感向理智过渡，最终找到自己的如意郎君，其小说的结局都是完美的，所以总是会让人感到满意。因为奥斯汀的自传很少，人们便不自觉地将奥斯汀的生活和她的艺术世界相混淆了，这两个世界似乎是同样轻快的喜剧世界。通过作品，奥斯汀向我们展示了她周围社会圈子的婚姻标准和道德生活，在描写爱情故事的同时，揭露了资产阶级婚姻制度的本质。本文试从不同青年男女的婚姻观和人性两个方面入手，思考《傲慢与偏见》中不同人物的婚姻选择及人物行为动机与意愿相背离的原因。一奥斯汀在这部小说中反映了各种各样人物的婚姻观。通过班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理，表现了乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对婚姻、爱情问题的不同态度。在小说中作者提出了新的婚姻观：为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的；而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。因此，她既反对为金钱而结婚，也反对把婚姻当儿戏。她强调理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。这种新的婚姻观更接近当时的社会生活，这使得《傲慢与偏见》一书的思想成就超越了同时代的爱情故事。伊丽莎白和达西的结合是小说中最幸福、理想的婚姻了。他们的婚恋过程是爱情与尊重的有机结合，体现了“自我实现的需要”。我并不想就他们的婚姻发表什么看法，因为无论谁都觉得他们是对的。我想说的是书中的另外两对——夏洛特和柯林斯之间以及丽迪雅和韦翰之间的婚姻。作为陪衬，奥斯汀写了伊丽莎白女友的婚事，用来与女主人公理想的婚姻相对照。夏洛特一个二十七岁的女孩相貌平平，与一位收入不错的乡村牧师的结合算得上是一桩“成功”的婚姻了。但我们发现，夏洛特选择她的客厅时，有意避开她的丈夫。夏洛特和柯林斯尽管婚后过着舒适的物质生活，但他们之间没有爱情，这种婚姻实际上是掩盖在华丽外衣下的社会悲剧。奥斯汀对夏洛特的婚姻观给出了极具讽刺意味的评价，结婚只是为了寻找一个归宿、一个不愁吃穿的“储藏室”，这样的婚姻根本没有感情可言。爱情是理想婚姻的基石，没有爱情的婚姻是草率的、实际上是不理智的表现。柯林斯这种人根本不懂得爱情，他结婚好像只是为了要完成任务。这种婚姻只是出于对“生理需要”与“安全需要”的满足，在这样的夫妻之间剩下的只有责任和无尽的互相责备。应该说丽迪雅对韦翰是怀着爱情的，但这是一见钟情的爱情，没有深思熟虑、一时冲动的爱情。算起来丽迪雅爱上韦翰的时间，竟然还不足两个礼拜。她根本不了解韦翰的为人，就草率地决定了自己的婚姻大事，还以为自己深爱着对方而对方也一样。这样的婚姻当然是不“理智”的，是不能长久的。丽迪亚的婚姻，象在她之前的，她的父亲的婚姻一样：轻率、缺乏判断、不明智，听从冲动和情感的驱使。丽迪雅与韦翰的结合纯属“生理需要”层次的冲动。奥斯汀的作品给我们一个很重要的启示，那就是理智的问题。从她的作品中，我们很容易得到结论——理智是人的美德。真正的幸福只有通过理智才能获得；而理智是对个体需要全面认识的结果。作者通过丽迪雅和韦翰、夏洛特和柯林斯婚后生活的描写，向读者展示他们婚姻的失败，与伊丽莎白的“理智”形成鲜明的对比。二个人行为动机和意愿的背离，是人性自欺和欺人的结果。《傲慢与偏见》不仅提出了新的婚姻观，同时通过小说中人物的塑造，对人性的复杂也进行了深入地剖析。由此揭示出人性中的自欺和欺人，是导致人们行为动机和结果背离的原因。在小说中，各种人物受外表迷惑，伪装自己，愚弄他人，欺自己。美丽温柔的吉英与彬格莱先生彼此相爱。但她却刻意掩饰着自己热切的爱，结果使彬格莱误会吉英不爱自己，而听从了其朋友达西的劝导，与吉英疏远。韦翰巧妙地利用了自己的奉承能力，以及一幅”讨人喜欢”的仪表，迷住了伊丽莎白，不停地为自己洗刷冤情，中伤达西。他的话里充满破绽，而聪明过人的伊丽莎白虽能与彬格莱小姐辩驳，与咖苔琳夫人顶撞，却还是被韦翰牵着鼻子走。达西先生傲慢、无礼的样子早已进入伊丽莎白的头脑，受外表迷惑的伊丽莎白，听信韦翰而对达西先生心存偏见。事情往往和表面看起来的不一样，当她被达西的真诚感动以后，才发现自己原来深爱着他。真相总是带着假面具让人做出错误的评判。人们总是产生错觉，因为他们的行为出发点就是错误的。作者通过使人物错误行为的结果达到高潮，来揭露出导致这些错觉的原因是人性中虚伪的一面，伪装的结果。因为被自己的判断所迷惑，伊丽莎白错看了韦翰和达西。事情和她想象的正相反。更具讽刺意味的是伊丽莎白是以自己的智慧和洞察力引以为荣的。凯瑟琳夫人以她的社会地位高贵为荣，而头脑简单和缺乏教养一再表明这种骄傲是毫无基础的。咖苔琳小姐暗示她优越于班纳特家人，但她对达西露骨的追求暴露出她自称教养的脆弱和虚伪。人们的行为表现常常用来掩盖真正的意图。夏洛特对柯林斯的关注，表面是帮伊丽莎白摆脱柯林斯求婚的困扰，似乎应是伊丽莎白该感恩才对，但实际上夏洛特是在偷偷的为自己“套”老公。由于人们总是从错误的前提出发，欺自己或被欺，致使他们的行动总是事与愿违。凯瑟琳夫人本是去阻止一个婚姻，却恰恰成为了它的起因。咖苔琳意图激起达西反对伊丽莎白的行为，却使他想起与伊丽莎白分享过的亲热。伊丽莎白受到达西外表的误导，认为达西厌恶她，偏见使伊丽莎白无法看到真相，而用言语谴责他，但这样做实际上更吸引了达西的注意。透过这些人物，我们看到了现实的虚伪以及行为结果对傲慢与虚荣的惩罚。虽然从19 世纪早期至今社会发生了巨大的变化，但我们发现理解《傲慢与偏见》的社会环境并不困难。一方面我们的知识使我们能意识到190多年前的社会本质，更主要是因为社会分别从未消失。社会在继续，人们仍然展示着他们的势利、傲慢、贪婪、偏见。奥斯汀对人类本性的观察是如此之真实，她作品中的人物和困扰她们的问题在我们的现实生活中清晰可见。参考文献：[1]William J Fitzpatrick，Jane Austin’s PRIDE AND PREJUDICE，Simon & Schuster，1964.[2]Nark Schorer. Pride and Prejudice，Riverside Edition—B1，Boston，1956.[3]R. W.. Chapman，Jane Austen:A Critical Bibliography，2�nd Edition，London，Annotated，1955.[4]David Daiches，Introduction to Pride and Prejudice. Modern Library，New York，1950.[5]Ian Watt，ed..Jane Austen (“Twentieth Century Views”). Englewood Cliffs，N. J.，1963.

《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and prejudice)是简·奥斯汀最早完成的作品，她在1796年开始动笔，取名为《最初的印象》，1797年8月完成。她父亲看后很感动，特意拿给汤玛·卡士德尔，请他出版，但对方一口回绝，使得他们十分失望。后来，她重写了《最初的印象》并改名为“傲慢与偏见”于1813年1月出版。你干吗不去百度一下该作者和这部书呢,这个是名著呢,很容易找到的

傲慢与偏见论文英文文献

我的论文-----权衡:爱情与金钱----论《傲慢与偏见》中婚姻三重境界。（上）一、引言简·奥斯丁（Jane Austen），1775年12月生于英国汉普郡的史蒂文顿，有兄弟姐妹八人。她并不算是一位长寿的作家，在1816年初她得了重病，身体日渐衰弱，不幸于1817年7月18日死在姐姐的怀抱里；奥斯丁也算不上是位多产的作家，尽管年仅21岁就写出了她的第一部小说《最初的印象》（19年后重新改写，即《傲慢与偏见》）。但在她的创作生涯中，具有代表性的作品只有六部。可这丝毫没有减弱奥斯丁在英国文学中的地位，反而随着时间的流逝而日益重要。即使在今天，她的读者也是有增无减。她的作品被屡次改编成电影、电视剧，深受广大观众的喜爱。批评家托.巴.麦考莱就曾赞扬到：“作家中手法最接近（莎士比亚）这位大师的，无疑就要算简·奥斯丁了，这位女性堪称是英国之骄傲。她为我们创造出了一大批的人物…”二、钟情婚姻爱情描写从18世纪末到19世纪初，庸俗无聊的“感伤小说”和“哥特小说”充斥着英国文坛，而奥斯丁创作的小说则是一反常规地展现当时尚未受到资本主义冲击的英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活和田园风光。她“是第一个现实地描绘日常平凡生活中平凡人物的小说家。她的作品反映了当时英国中产阶级生活的喜剧，显示了家庭文学的可能性。她多次探索青年女主角从恋爱到结婚中的自我发现过程，这种着力分析人物性格以及女主角和社会之间紧张关系的做法，使她的小说摆脱十八世纪的传统而接近于现代的生活。正是这种现代性，加上她的机智和风趣，她的小说能长期吸引读者。”[1]尽管反映的广度和深度有限，但对改变当时小说创作中的庸俗风气起了很好的作用，因此奥斯丁的小说在英国小说发展史上有承上启下的意义。简·奥斯丁一生都是居住在乡村小镇，接触的人物以中小地主、牧师为主，观察的环境也以他们恬静、舒适的生活为主，在她的作品中，我们看不到有对重大社会矛盾的反映。有趣的是，尽管奥斯丁终身未嫁，但在她的作品中最为人津津乐道的，却是有关婚姻与爱情的描写。她以女性特有的细致入微的观察力和对细腻情感的把握，生动真实地描绘了简.奥斯丁周围世界的小天地，特别是绅士淑女之间的婚姻和爱情风波。简·奥斯丁的六部作品可以说都是以婚姻为主题的婚姻小说，虽然她的婚姻观不可避免得要打上时代的烙印，但也不是完全正统的。而比较清晰得展现作家婚姻爱情观念的作品，无疑要算《傲慢与偏见》了，这部反映婚姻问题的小说是作者最喜欢的作品，同时也是她最受欢迎的一部作品。在2007年3月1日的“世界书日”上，《傲慢与偏见》被英国读者评选为“十大不可或缺的书”之首。整部作品通过贝内特几个女儿的婚姻经历为基点，以伊丽莎白与达西的感情经历为情节主线，展示了18世纪中后期英国社会贵族阶层的婚姻状况。从某中程度上，也探讨了婚姻的内涵，因此此书也具有一定的社会意义和现实意义。文学批评家马克肖尔这样评价《傲慢与偏见》：“《傲慢与偏见》及奥斯丁后期的小说会令愚顿者震撼。如她的见解能被认同，这个由愚顿者构成的社会必将脱胎换骨。”[2]三、三段婚姻展现三重境界人们的择偶动机决定人们的择偶标准。择偶动机不同，人们的择偶标准也不会相同。自古以来，人们的择偶标准既要遵循婚姻的自然属性，又不得不受婚姻社会属性的影响。婚姻的自然属性决定了人们择偶时要考虑对方的身体、经济、宗教、道德等因素。人们在选择婚姻伴侣时不可能只有单一的动机，而是几种动机同时存在，只是侧重点不同罢了。而这种侧重点的差异表现出来便是人们择偶标准的差异。根据择偶标准的差异，历史学家劳伦斯·斯通，在其名著《1500-1800年英国家庭、性和婚姻》中将当时英国人的择偶动机分为四类：为了巩固家庭的经济、政治或社会地位；为了个人的感情、友爱和情谊；性的吸引；激情之爱。[3]在《傲慢与偏见》里，作者所塑造出的几种婚姻关系，大都可以从中找到相符合的类型。例如夏洛特和柯林斯的结合，就符合“为了巩固家庭的经济、政治或社会地位”这一类型。简·奥斯丁用一种轻松的方式对《傲慢与偏见》里的婚姻与婚姻相关的一系列活动进行了诙谐的描述。男士们如何挑选妻子，年轻的女子以及她们的母亲如何为其挑选未来的夫君，构成了这部小说许多精彩的场景。在这部探讨婚姻关系的作品中，作者着力刻画了几种不同的婚姻和爱情关系，除了上面提到的夏洛特和柯林斯的婚姻，还有几对比较重要的婚姻：莉迪亚和威克姆；伊丽莎白和达西等等。尽管他们都走进了婚姻的围城，但是婚姻的幸福度却各不相同。这是因为奥斯丁笔下的婚姻，不仅涉及到感情，而且还和经济紧密相关。“凡是有财产的单身汉必定要娶位太太，这已经成为了一条举世公认的真理。”[4]本书的第一句话就点出了影响婚姻的一个重要因素—金钱，然而果真是一条真理吗？我们对小说进行分析，可以将书中的婚姻划分为三种不同的境界，通过比较，我们就会有自己的判断。（一）莉迪亚和威克姆的婚姻：盲目的激情追求享乐在《傲慢与偏见》中，如果要选出一桩最荒诞且最不被看好的婚姻，无疑就是莉迪亚和威克姆的婚姻了。作者甚至没有正面交代二人是如何走到一起，继而出走的。只是简单的通过简和M·加德纳舅妈写给伊丽莎白的信，让读者了解情况的大概。两个人之间很难说有什么爱情，即使勉强有，也只能算是“肉欲之爱”产生的盲目激情。简·奥斯丁对他们的婚姻持一种批判的态度，莉迪亚的轻浮、卤莽和无知即使在小说的结尾也没有改变，威克姆的狡诈、野心和肤浅也使我们感到厌恶。理智、感情与道德可以说是婚姻精神层面上最重要的组成部分，而这对婚姻不具备其中的任何一项，他们婚姻的失败早已注定。婚姻的基础是婚姻最终成立的根据，决定着婚姻的特性。西方的婚姻更加注重性的因素，在他们看来男女的结合“主要报偿是性关系的满足。”长久以来，西方人有这样的观念，婚姻是为了爱情和寻求伴侣，还有的是为了性的和谐，避免孤独。莉迪亚习惯沉醉在男人的追捧中，而且一向用清不专，“只要受到人家的勾引，对谁都会上钩。”她对人的好恶，选择男人的标准，只是看对方的脸蛋漂不漂亮。当有漂亮的男人出现时，她的注意力马上就会集中过去。至于自己是不是爱上对方，她一点也不在乎，也更不会在乎对方是否真的爱她。这种以性爱为基础的带有鲜明个人性的婚姻是缺乏稳定性的。婚姻是个人的事，与别人没有直接关系，这样做出决定和采取行动就比较容易，没有什么牵制和挂碍。爱情本身是不稳定的，是人类情感中最难以捉摸的部分。[5]韦政通说：“在所有的爱中，最强烈，最令人困惑，也是最缺乏稳定性的就是性爱。”所以建立在性爱基础上的婚姻总是包含着“隐伏的危机。”[6]而人的本性中又有“喜新厌旧”的倾向，因而更加重了建立在性爱上的婚姻的不稳定性。莉迪亚和威克姆的婚姻既是个人的，又是根植于性爱的，它的不稳定性就成为必然了。加之西方社会中人与人之间的情感交流比较受限。在这种环境下夫妻间的冲突所产生的情绪障碍很难获得疏导，日积月累容易造成不和，情感上就会出现创伤、裂缝。这种情感上的伤痕便无法弥合而全面崩溃，当做为婚姻基础的性爱消失，那婚姻自然也没有存在的必要。《傲慢与偏见》中莉迪亚和威克姆婚姻的前景，作者在最后一章含蓄得指出：“威克姆不久便清淡爱弛，莉迪亚对他稍许持久一些。”威克姆选择莉迪亚的原因，书中并没有详细指出，不过他之所以同意与莉迪亚结婚，金钱发挥了重要的作用。威克姆是个不折不扣的花花公子，在与莉迪亚私奔前，曾经追求过金小姐和达西小姐，不是因为性，而是为了金钱。威克姆怀有这样的心态，与当时的社会风气不无关系。在18世纪时财富仍是社会中上层择偶时的重点，正如1727年丹尼尔迪福所抱怨的那样，“金钱和处女膜仍是人们考虑的目标。”同时威克姆做为地位稍底的中等阶级（lower middle classes），并没有大量的财产传承，因而更加重了他对金钱的贪婪。最终还是达西先生出面，替威克姆偿还了债务，并在莉迪亚名下的钱之外，又给了她一千英镑，并给威克姆买了个官职，最终换来了威克姆和莉迪亚的婚姻。“美貌与相貌平常的人一样，也得有饭吃，有衣穿。”可见在这段婚姻中除了盲目的激情，金钱也扮演了“关键先生”的角色。（二）夏洛特和柯林斯的婚姻：向现实妥协在《傲慢与偏见》中，金钱和爱情婚姻往往是形影不离，难分难舍的。小说里人们谈婚论嫁时总少不了金钱的影子，而阐述金钱对于婚姻的选择，一个最典型的例子就是柯林斯牧师和夏洛特·卢卡斯的结合了。柯林斯选择夏洛特做自己的妻子，显然不是因为爱上她，在柯林斯向伊丽莎白求婚时就已经详细阐述了他要结婚的理由：“第一，我认为每个生活宽裕的牧师（像我本人），理当给教区在婚姻方面树立一个榜样；第二，我相信结婚会大大增进我的幸福；第三—这一点或许应该早一点提出来，我有幸奉为恩主的那位贵妇人特别劝嘱我要结婚。”因而当柯林斯像伊丽莎白求婚遭到拒绝后，他毫不犹豫的把结婚对象转向了夏洛特小姐。柯林斯急着结婚，并不是出于个人需要，只是在完成他所崇拜的德布尔夫人（达西的姑妈）布置的一项任务，只要结婚了就算完成了任务。至于结婚对象是谁，对她是不是有感情这些并不重要。而且夏洛特小姐还算是贵族出身的小姐，也算是门当户对，这就已经足够了。柯林斯这个人并不懂得如何去爱和经营婚姻，他看上去有些笨拙可笑，缺少男子汉气概但又很自负。他的婚姻一定程度上是遵循了当时社会上流行的婚姻理念：“凡是有财产的单身汉必定要娶位太太，这已经成为一条举世公认的真理。”夏洛特·卢卡斯可以说是《傲慢与偏见》里有头脑并富有理性的一位女子，是她最先看出达西对伊丽莎白有意，并且向伊丽莎白表达她对简和宾利感情发展的担忧（事实证明她是正确的）。夏洛特的聪明伶俐令人印象深刻，可更让人感叹的是她对自己婚姻选择的那份精明。她清楚得认识到了当时英国社会中上层阶级婚姻的普遍本质：物质因素是18世纪至19世纪英国社会的婚姻生活的重要因素。卢卡斯家族也算是属于贵族阶级，在16至18世纪期间，英国贵族“婚姻并不是为了满足个人心理和生理需要的私人结合，而是一种确保家庭和其财产永存的制度性策略。”[7]贵族的婚姻很大程度上要服从家庭的利益，他们非常注重婚姻所带来的经济利益。对于许多处于经济困难的贵族来说，尤其如此。因而，属于破落贵族家庭的夏洛特没有多少可观的嫁妆，也无法攀高求贵，被迫嫁给柯林斯实际也是一种无奈的选择。而且在18世纪末、19世纪初的英国，这也是一个以男性为中心的时代，男女不平等，妇女的社会地位非常低下。法律规定，女性不拥有财产继承权，家庭生活被认为是最适合妇女的天地。妇女要生存，要获得生活上的保障和“财政保证”，婚姻是捷径也是唯一的途径。这就导致了当时的婚姻不仅仅是作为爱情的归宿，还会是“谋生”的手段，也就难免出现一些看似荒唐的事。“并且，马克思（和贝尔）曾说，妇女在和男人的关系中的地位使我们可以判断出一定特定社会自由和不自由的程度。[8]夏洛特是何等聪明的女子！她早就看出了柯林斯先生既不通情达理，又不讨人喜欢，同他相处实在令人厌烦，而且他对她的爱也一定是“镜花水月”。但是她还是选择了他做丈夫，因为夏洛特选择的这种婚姻，总归是女人最适意的保险箱，能确保她不至于挨冻受饥，也不用担心丈夫变心，至于婚姻幸福与否则就要放到次要位置了。所以在伊丽莎白拜访朋友的时，发现“柯林斯先生有时说些让夏洛特实在难为情的话”“夏洛特一般总是明智地装作没听见。”而且夏洛特也并不把他放在心上，单独带妹妹和伊丽莎白参观住宅，而且她也非常高兴。似乎如果柯林斯不存在，就真有一种舒适的气氛。这就是夏洛特和柯林斯的婚姻，很显然成就这段婚姻的关键就是金钱。对柯林斯来说，这样的生活让他很满足，婚姻的“目的”也已经实现。而夏洛特“用什么手段驾御丈夫，有多大的度量容忍他，不得不承认，事情处理得相当不错。”这样的一种靠金钱财富维持的婚姻虽然并不完美，但毕竟也是一种婚姻。在这桩婚姻里，夏洛特和柯林斯之间是没有温暖和幸福的感觉的，只是枯燥平淡的生活着。也许只有当他们孕育出下一代时，彼此才会产生一种爱—对下一代的爱，对孩子的关心呵护，到那时他们的婚姻也许便不这么乏味。奥斯丁并不欣赏这样的婚姻，透过文字可以感觉到她对这种婚姻的嘲讽之意。但以我们现代的视角来看，夏洛特做出这样的选择，也是迫于现实的无奈呵。岁月不留人，对她这样一位老姑娘来说，有一个归宿似乎才是最重要的。我们当然不会赞赏夏洛特的选择，但能否试着对她多一分的理解和宽容呢？参考文献在(下)啊~~~**************************************************硕士学位论文：论简·奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观IntroductionJaneAusten(1775一IS17)(women'seducationofhertime),allhereducationwastoreadherfather'sbooksofboththeseriousandthepopularliteratureoftheday.(Herfatherhadalibraryof500booksby1801).(Thefournovelswhichwerepublishedwhileshelived一SenseandSensibiliyt(1811)rideandPrejudice(1813);MansfieldPark(1814);andEmma(1816)一appearedwithouthernameonthetitlepage;usuallytheirauthorshipwasattributedonlyto"alady.")Austen,thegreatnarratorofcourtshipandmarriage,nevermarried,lookeduponherwritingsasher"babies",;NorthangerAbbey;MansfieldPark,';ineffect,shetransformedtheeighteenth-centurynovel,whichcouldbeaclumsyandprimitiveperformance一**************************************************《傲慢与偏见》感言其实我看的书不算太多，而且看了以后只知道说好和不好，至于为什么，大多说不出一个所以然，我忘性大，很多书看过以后只记得一个大概，所以不敢乱评论。初中的时候刚刚开始对课外阅读有兴趣的时候，要好的同学在我生日的时候送了一本《傲慢与偏见》，孙致礼翻译的，算是我读的第一本名著，从此我开始看名著，然而不论哪一本名著都抵不上《傲慢与偏见》被我翻的次数频繁（虽然现在叫我讲里面的经典句子我也多半说不出来了），闭上眼睛回忆这本书的内容的时候，总会想象在舞会上达西先生说伊丽莎白的美貌尚可的时候的样子和伊丽莎白当时的脸色，可笑的的柯林斯先生，卢卡斯先生，伊丽莎白和达西针锋相对的场景，激烈争吵的场景和伊丽莎白那封戏剧化的信，以及两人在彭伯利相见的细枝末节。这些都是戏剧化的场景，在BBC95年版的迷你电视剧里面得到了很好的演绎，至今仍是我心目当中名著改编成电视剧的最佳典范之一。青春年少之时，受某些思想的毒害之深，总想着伟大的小说必定是激发你为一些Larger than life的伟大事业奋斗的的东西，因此，总会很惋惜这部作品的“小家子气”，然而还是不由自主地为它深深吸引，为“二寸象牙上面的雕刻”之精巧而折服。奥斯丁对笔下的滑稽人物的嘲笑虽然辛辣，却也十分有道理，在她笔下，人性的势利和庸俗的一面被刻画得栩栩如生，让人先是发出会心的一笑，然后忍不住拷问自己的灵魂。小说开头那句“凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。”已经是脍炙人口的名句了。这样戏剧化的故事和作者波澜不惊的人生形成鲜明对比。前段的电影Becoming Jane把奥斯丁的生平故事编排成《傲慢与偏见》故事的反面。作为一个奥斯丁迷，我和大多数粉丝一样，对此深感不以为然。据专家考究，奥斯丁终其一生未婚并不是像电影里面所说的因为无法忘记这个La Foy先生的缘故，其原因之复杂似乎她的最后一本小说《劝导》比较沾边，女主角Anne年少的时候和男主角Frank相爱，然而因为种种世俗的原因和长辈的劝告最终放弃了这段感情，多年以后相遇发现旧情仍在，只不过在奥斯定的真实人生里面，她的Frank并没有以荣归故里的海军军官身份出现，而是不幸死于一场突然爆发疾病，最终故事以无法弥补的遗憾告终，而奥斯丁也没有痛不欲生，仍然过着她平静而安宁的居家生活。难能可贵的是，从奥斯丁的6部小说里面，看不到任何的自伤情绪，不论女主人公是一个什么样的性格，我们可以看到作家对她们的人生际遇的真正的关切，这是一种普世的关切，的确，婚姻未必是一个人人生的全部，可是选择什么样的婚姻的确能对一个人的人生产生很大的影响，追求婚姻的幸福，男女双方性情的契合总是没有错的。奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》对许多小说和电影作品也产生了深刻的影响。凯瑟琳盖斯凯尔夫人的《南方与北方》虽然背景不同，也是以这样的方式展开。男女主人公恋爱的模式和《傲慢与偏见》如出一辙，也是突破偏见和误解通过一系列冲突慢慢了解最后达到水乳交融。一部《BJ单身日记》也是身为简迷的作家对《傲》这部作品的致敬，不光给男主角取名Mark Darcy,还特意请来了BBC95版的达西先生Colin Firth出演这个角色。为什么这样的模式受到人们的特别喜爱呢？俗语说“不是冤家不聚头”，冤家们其实多半是性格互补的，据有经验人士表示，这样的关系比较长久，看来奥斯丁深谙这个道理。写到这里，我不禁浮想联翩，也许，有时候，人和人之间的心灵碰撞的确需要以一种激烈的方式进行，人生的趣味因而增加。只有经历一些风浪，才容易看清楚你身边的人吧，或者，只有在风浪当中，你才知道要抓住什么，才知道可贵的是什么。所以呢，从某种意义上来说，伊丽莎白家里不幸的丑闻，《南方与北方》里面马格丽特的父母双亡，Bridget Jones的遭遇，就像《倾城之恋》里面香港这座城市的沦陷，是为了成全这一对对冤家。让那些道学家们摇头去吧！写得不好，建议大家去读读这篇：值得一提的是，95BBC电视剧版的编剧是英国著名的编剧Andrew Davis，本人是一个作家，也是奥斯丁迷，男的哦。他成功改编过的作品有多部，，比如乔治艾略特的Middlemarch，盖斯凯尔夫人的《妻子与女儿》。在《傲慢与偏见》里面他为Colin Firth额外添加了一个书里面没有的场景，就是在池塘里面游泳然后浑身湿淋淋地从水里出来，正巧和伊丽莎白撞了一个正着，这个场景很有现代感，并不突兀，也因此为他吸引了不少女粉丝，真是厉害！

Austen，Jane．Jane Austen’s letters．ed．Deirdre Le Faye．Oxford and NewYork：Ox~rd UniversityPress．1995． [7]Austen，Jane．Pride andPrejudice．1813．Bantam Classic Edition． 1981 [8]Copeland，E．＆ Mcmaster，J．The CambridgeCompanion to Jane Austen．Cambridge：CambridgeUniversity Press．1998.[9]William J Fitzpatrick，Jane Austin’s PRIDE ANDPREJUDICE，Simon & Schuster，1964.[10]Nark Schorer. Pride and Prejudice，Riverside Edition—B1，Boston，1956. [11]R. W.. Chapman，Jane Austen:A CriticalBibliography，22nd Edition，London，Annotated，1955. [12]David Daiches，Introductionto Pride and Prejudice. Modern Library，New York，1950

论文文献傲慢与偏见

这里是Jane Austen的pridepre&judice介绍站，其中有写作风格与总结。还有：

傲慢与偏见毕业论文英文参考文献

"Pride and Prejudice" a well-known British writer Jane thing. Austin representative. Works describe the arrogance of single young Darcy and Miss Elizabeth the Second bias, wealthy singles Bingley and Jane eldest virtue of the feelings of disputes between the full expression of the author's own marriage, emphasizing the economic benefits of the appointment of Love and the impact of is marriage? Since ancient times people are exploring, but none has been to find an answer, it should be said there is no single argument. Indeed, marriage has always been good or bad has a lot of subjective factors. Outsiders seems painful marriage the parties may feel extremely happy, let them, outsiders seem happy marriage, the parties may have made the suffering. Jane. Austin, in her "Pride and Prejudice" in the show give her marriage to demonstrate her views on and love in the achievements of both marital important one and should not care! However, compared to the achievements of marriage for love is more important on some!"Pride and Prejudice" in describing a variety of marriage, Jane and Bingley, Darcy and Elizabeth, Wickham and Lydia, and Charlotte Collins, pastor. Lucas ... .... Charlotte and Lydia on behalf of two extremes, the former only the pursuit of "reliable storage room, the future will not be cold by the hunger": the latter is purely for sexual impulse, totally unmindful of the has been through the marriage house, small yard, furniture and other furnishings of a comfortable small home, but ironically, in her happy life after marriage but not the husband's status. "As long as Collins forgotten, and the rest everything is harmonious and comfortable," Lydia was a little girl confused by the rhetoric of Wickham, Wickham Living as one with no thought of the future life would be no Darcy through marriage to extort at least £ 10,000 a property. Their married life, the authors do not describe too much, so we can not imagine life without love What is the. Marriage is based on love, no love, a rare happy 's cousin Colonel Fitzwilliam is a count of the younger son can not inherit family property and title, but also one of Elizabeth's爱慕者, he frankly said to Elizabeth, who are accustomed to spending their own, in the event of marriage can not but consider the money . He said that the question of marriage there is only a conditional Darcy from the constraints of money free to choose. Darcy also because in terms of money and social status has the very advantage of him become so arrogant and his arrogance so Elizabeth has this bias against so the first time to propose to Elizabeth to be outrightly ruled out the possibility of. Elizabeth will not be because he was very rich and would marry him, no love, she would prefer not to marry, so she refused to Collins, the latter are refuse Darcy. "No love can be tens of millions should not get married," This is the view of Elizabeth is also the author of Austin's view. Darcy was later changed in order to Elizabeth has always been the arrogance of their own, because he really fell in love with Elizabeth, and his own change, but also changed the views of Elizabeth to him, accepted him slowly, Fall in love with him. Finally get can be said that Austin's own portrayal of the author, her marriage, through the Elizabeth we can watch one of the authors are not despise the kind of love, marriage, are opposed to no economic foundation of marriage. Money and love in the achievements of both marital important one and should not care! However, compared to the achievements of marriage for love is more important on some!《傲慢与偏见》事英国著名女作家简。奥斯丁的代表作。作品描写傲慢的单身青年达西与偏见的二小姐伊丽莎白、富裕的单身贵族彬格莱与贤淑的大小姐吉英之间的感情纠葛，充分表达了作者本人的婚姻观，强调了经济利益对任命恋爱和婚姻的影响。什么是美满的婚姻？从古到今人们都在探索，可是一直以来都没找到一个答案，应该说没有一个统一的说法。的确，婚姻的好坏本来就是有主观因素颇多的。外人看来痛苦的婚姻当事人却可能感觉美好无比，放过来，外人看起来美满的婚姻，当事人却可能有苦难言。简。奥斯丁在她的《傲慢与偏见》中就给人们展示了她的婚姻观，展示了她对美满婚姻的看法。金钱与爱情在成就婚姻上二者都重要，舍其一而不能！但相比较来说在成就美满婚姻上爱情更重要一些！《傲慢与偏见》里描写了各种不同的婚姻关系，吉英与彬格莱、达西与伊丽莎白、韦翰与丽迪雅、柯林斯牧师与夏绿蒂。卢卡斯……。夏绿蒂与丽迪雅代表两种极端，前者只追求“可靠的储藏室，日后可以不致挨冻受饥”：后者纯粹出于性的冲动，完全不顾后果。夏绿蒂通过婚姻得到了房子，小院子，家具陈设等一个舒服的小家，但是讽刺的在她的婚后幸福生活当中却没有了丈夫的地位。“只要把柯林斯忘掉，其余一切都很舒适融洽”丽迪雅是一个小女孩受韦翰的花言巧语迷惑，一心跟韦翰生活，并没想到以后的生活会没保障。韦翰通过婚姻至少向达西敲诈了一万英镑的财产。他们婚后生活，不用作者过多的描绘，也没想象到没有爱情的生活是怎样的了。婚姻的基础是爱情，没有爱情，结婚难得美满。达西的表兄费茨威廉上校是位伯爵的小儿子，不能继承家产和爵位，也是伊丽莎白的爱慕者之一，他坦白地向伊丽莎白说，自己挥霍惯了，在婚姻大事上不能不考虑钱财。他说，在婚姻问题上只有达西有条件不受钱财的约束而自由地选择。也因为达西在金钱和社会地位上非常的有优势，所以他变得傲慢，他的傲慢使伊丽莎白对他有这偏见。所以达西第一次向伊丽莎白求婚的时候被决绝了。伊丽莎白不会因为他有钱就会嫁给他，没有爱情她宁愿不嫁，所以她先是拒绝柯林斯，后是拒绝达西。“没有爱情可千万不能结婚”这是伊丽莎白的观点，也是作者奥斯丁的观点。后来达西为了伊丽莎白改变了自己一向的傲慢，因为他真的是爱上伊丽莎白了，他自己的改变，也改变了伊丽莎白对他的看法，慢慢地接受了他，爱上他。最后结婚。伊丽莎白可以说是作者奥斯丁自己的写照，她的婚姻观，通过伊丽莎白我们可一看的出，作者是鄙视那种没有爱情的婚姻，也不赞成没有经济基础的婚姻的。金钱与爱情在成就婚姻上二者都重要，舍其一而不能！但相比较来说在成就美满婚姻上爱情更重要一些！或者你可以自己找一下Analyzation of Elizabeth's Characteristics and Views of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice网上似乎有类似的英语论文内容，你可以试着搜一下看看做参考。

按照当时的社会背景和社会文化作者的婚姻观还真没什么好反的不过，我可以说一下，写《简爱》的作者是很反我亲爱的Jane Austen的婚姻关的，你可以去找有关她们的传记，稍稍负责的人都应该提到过她们对立的婚姻观随便说一下，楼上的答案么强，想也轮不到我