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地震研究期刊投稿经验

发布时间:2024-07-05 16:39:18

地震研究期刊投稿经验

刊名: 大地测量与地球动力学 Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics主办: 国家地震局地震研究所周期: 双月出版地:湖北省武汉市语种: 中文;开本: 大16开ISSN: 1671-5942CN: 42-1655/P邮发代号: 38-194历史沿革:现用刊名:大地测量与地球动力学曾用刊名:地壳形变与地震创刊时间:1981该刊被以下数据库收录:CSCD 中国科学引文数据库来源期刊(2013-2014年度)(含扩展版)核心期刊:中文核心期刊(2011)中文核心期刊(2008)中文核心期刊(2004)中文核心期刊(1992)

我的感觉,对于工程领域,审稿很严。我做的是一个“在振动台上测试了典型的 HSR 桥梁,以评估在高强度地震(例如最大考虑地震 (MCE))中的抗震性能”的研究。审稿意见有54条。大家看看:Reviewer Comments:Reviewer 1The manuscript under consideration presents an investigate on the seismic performance of typical RERSCSS concrete pier used in HSRB with varying seismic strength and design parameters through a series of shaking table tests.The authors carried out a series of shaking table tests on RERSCSS concrete piers (M1-M9). The similarity relation between the test model and prototype is given based on dimensional analysis. Displacement, acceleration and strain sensors were deployed for model response acquisition.The following points should be addressed before it can be considered for publication.The analyses (part 3) should be further organized and underscored. The following issues require careful revision:[1] The description of experimental phenomena should be supported by experimental photographs, such as part 3.1.[2] The pictures given in the manuscript should be analyzed as necessary rather than simply presented to the reader, such as Fig 11.[3] Lines 351-358. The authors discussed the acceleration growth rates. But the manuscript lacks the necessary description of the acceleration growth rates. Only the peak acceleration of the top is given (Fig 12), but the bottom is missing. This is very confusing.[4] The analysis of part 3.4 is meaningless. The difference in stiffness between the two directions is obvious.[5]  Fig 14 is confusing. What’s the meaning of the pink line and the shadow? The authors discussed the influence of longitudinal reinforcement rate on the energy dissipation performance according to M2, M3 and M7. While, they differ not only in factor of longitudinal reinforcement rate, but also in factor of axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio. This should be further elaborated.[6] 2. Some pictures in the article should be redesigned. Fig. 9, 14, 15, 19. What the authors want to reflect through the picture is not clear.[7] 3. There is some overlap between the third part and the fourth part, please rearrange the structure of the article.Reviewer 2The authors present an interesting experimental study to investigate the seismic performance of typical high-speed rail (HSR) round-ended rectangular-shaped cross-section solid (RERSCSS) concrete piers by shaking table tests. Several piers design parameters were taking into account. Seismic performance of 9 pier specimens was assessed by analyzing the dynamic behavior from several points of view. The authors collected a large variety of measurement data and the experimental study was quite rich and complete. Nonetheless, the manuscript does not show any theoretical or numerical model that would have helped the comprehension of the results. The organization of the manuscript should be improved. Some parts of the text, as well as some tables and figures, are useless repetitions that do not add to the comprehension of the study. The overall manuscript should be a little more concise. Some figures do not match their captions and should be reorganized. Some revision of the English is needed. Some specific comments are in the following:[8] Page 7, line 119. Please, replace “…the actual results…” with “…the currently available results of…”[9] Page 7, lines 121-123. Here some papers by the earthquake researchers who found such results should be added to the references, for completeness.[10] Page 7, lines 125-130. Here the authors make reference to the risk of building collapse and related codes and practices in the US. Given that the authors are studying Chinese infrastructures, please, explicitly explain the reasons of such reference to the American context.[11] Page 8, lines 131-132. This sentence makes no sense. Please improve the English and reformulate this sentence. Do the authors mean that “Usually concrete piers are characterized by quite different cross-section sizes in the two horizontal directions, forming a wall pier”?[12] Page 8, lines 136-137. The authors state that the experimental research on the seismic performance of HSR circular end concrete piers is still insufficient. Please, provide some reasons why it is still insufficient.[13] Page 9, line 171. Please, explain what “the seismic fortification intensity of the 8-degree zone” is. International readers may not be familiar with the Chinese code…[14] Page 9, line 172-173. Please, replace 0.30g with 0.45g. Explicitly explain why the study focused on the three seismic intensity levels 0.15g, 0.20g, and 0.32g (corresponding to 0.45g, 0.60g, and 0.96g of shaking table test PGAs). If the reason is that the utilized shaking table cannot perform higher levels of PGA, please, state it explicitly for transparency. However, this part should be better moved to section 2.7 ‘Input motion and seismic hazard levels’ for better manuscript organization and readability.[15] Page 9, line 174. Please, replace “Code” with “Chinese code”.[16] Table 1 should be better designed in order to be more readable. The second column is not easily comprehensible, values should be better spaced. Why 7-degree zone and 8-degree zone columns have double values? While 9-degree zone has only a single value?[17] Figure 3. This figure does not match its caption. Please check this figure![18] Table 2. According to this reviewer, the Table 2 is useless. All the design factors and variables here illustrated are better shown in Table 3. It seems that Table 2 is redundant and does not add to the comprehension of the study.[19] Page 13, lines 203-205. Notes to Table 2 should be added to Table 3. Please, check D values for pier models, they are probably in inverted order.[20] Figure 4. This figure does not match its caption. Please check this figure![21] Table 4. Similitude parameters related to material properties can be hardily achieved. Please, explicitly explain how you achieved, and checked, the scaled density values for reinforced concrete.[22] Page 16, line 240. Please, replace “Kn” with “kN”.[23] Page 17, line 254. Please, replace “represent” with “reproduce”.[24] Page 17, line 255. Please, replace “reappear” with “represent”.[25] Figure 7. This figure is quite simplistic and incomplete. Where are the sensors set at the bottom of piers? Please add in a new figure a few photos of sensors installation setup to let readers better understand the measurements that were carried out.[26] Page 18, lines 266-268. Explicitly explain the reason why you choose this specific earthquake for shaking table motions… it would make more sense to choose an earthquake recorded in China, given that the study focused on Chinese infrastructures…[27] Page 18, lines 269. Before “Three…” the authors should explicitly state that ST tests are one-directional and that the vertical component was neglected, adding the reasons of this choice. Moreover, they should explicitly state which horizontal direction (i.e. N or E?) of the recorded earthquake they chose to be used for the ST tests, and why.[28] Figure 9. The order of graphs in this figure might be confusing. Please, consider reorder the graphs as a), c), d), b) clockwise. Moreover, in this reviewer’s opinion, Fourier spectrum would be more readable in linear scale of both axes (for frequencies use range 0-30 Hz or similar).[29] Section 3 ‘Test results and analyses’ and 4 ‘Experimental discussion’ should be reformulated. In the present form they are a bit confusing and repetitive.[30] Page 22, lines 320-322. Here the English is not good and the sentence in not comprehensible. Please, reformulate the sentence.[31] Page 22, lines 322-323. The crack pattern description is too short. Please, provide a wider description of cracks and add some descriptive photos.[32] Page 23, lines 332-343. Please, specify which specimen is considered here. This reviewer suggests moving Figure 17 and related text here. The overall section 3.2 should be better reformulated.[33] Section 3.3 ‘Acceleration responses’ and 4.2 ‘Effect of axial load ratio on acceleration response’ should be reformulated. In the present form they are a bit confusing and repetitive. For example, acceleration growth rate and acceleration increase rate are the same? Please, use one nomenclature and define it the first time it appears in the text.[34] Figure 11. According to this reviewer, the photos embedded in the graphs are very bad and not readable. It is suggested to put them apart in a different figure with a proper caption describing what such photos are about. Furthermore, in graph b) at 0.60g labels are in Chinese. Finally, in the caption x and y directions seem inverted…[35] Page 25, lines 353-358. These lines seem to describe the results shown in Figure 18 and not the ones in Figure 12…[36] Figure 12. For better readability, please, consider increasing the spacing between each bar and related acceleration value.[37] Page 27, lines 365-366. Check the statement “its top moved more in the cross-bridge direction than it did in its cross-bridge direction”...[38] Figure 14. Legend and related lines in the graphs are not clear…[39] Page 29, line 384. Please check section numbering 4.6…[40] Page 30, line 391. Delete “significant”.[41] Page 30, line 400. Define “hoop ratio”...[42] Page 31, line 409. Replace “Fig.Fig.” with “Fig.”.[43] Page 33, lines 435-439. These lines seem to describe the results shown in Figure 12, if so make reference to Figure 12 …[44] Page 33, line 439. Delete “are the absolute weights of the two samples”. Possible typo.[45] Page 34, line 444. Replace “a bit” with “ a little”.[46] Figure 19. Graphs a) and b) are the same as in Figure 11. Useless repetition. Further comments are the same as in Figure 9…[47] Page 36, lines 484-487. Please, check repetitions of “cross-bridge direction”…[48] Page 37, line 496. Consider deleting “…seismic simulation…”. Useless repetition.[49] Page 37, line 499. Consider replacing “…substantial…” with ”… severe…”.[50] Page 37, line 503. Consider replacing “…visible …” with ”… significant…”.[51] Page 37, lines 507-508. Consider deleting “For this reason,…”.[52] Page 37, lines 509-510. According to this reviewer, the sentence “which means that the pier is less vulnerable to damage in the y-direction” is controversial, and should be eliminated or better justified. In fact, seismic vulnerability depends on the considered seismic input spectrum…[53] Page 38, lines 513-514. Consider replacing “… bigger than the displacement in the bridge's cross-sectional direction” with “… bigger in the cis-bridge direction than in the bridge's cross-sectional direction”.[54] Page 38, lines 514-517. The final sentence of 5 Conclusions is not comprehensible, please, reformulate it in a better English.

这个。。还不清楚 不过你可以发其他的杂志刊物 你们必须指定发《大地测量与地球动力学》吗?如果不是要求你就发个其他的普刊就行了

是要发这类的期刊吗?

地震研究期刊投稿经验分享

这个。。还不清楚 不过你可以发其他的杂志刊物 你们必须指定发《大地测量与地球动力学》吗?如果不是要求你就发个其他的普刊就行了

是要发这类的期刊吗?

查资料,这方面的期刊主要有:1《地震》中文核心期刊, 科技核心核心期刊中国地震局地震预测研究所、中国地震学会地震预报专业委员会等主佃。2《地震工程与工程振动》中文核心期刊 科技核心中国力学学会、中国地震局工程力学研究所主办。3《地震学报》中国地震学会主办的地震科学综合性学术刊物。4《防灾减灾学报》

地震研究期刊投稿经验总结

Scientific Reports 是 Natrure 旗下的综合性科学期刊,2012年第一次影响因子为2.9。文章强调“技术”上的先进,但“无需具有重大科研意义”,所以审稿要求低于Nature的其他刊物,投稿者一般都是投Nature系列刊物被拒稿后转投的,所以文章水平还是比较高的,但是由于是新刊物,且发表文章数量过多,因此造成影响因子偏低。

该期刊目前在国内物理界还是受到广泛认可的,但是如果唯影响因子论的老板或单位可能就看不上了.根据一般的投稿经验,期刊审稿时间在1个月左右,其审稿难度远高于同影响因子的期刊,功利的说,除非单位特别认可,否则不建议投稿.

Scientific Reports —出版业的一个新时代

Scientific Reports 是来自 Nature 杂志出版者的一个发表原始研究工作的刊物,在线出版,公开访问,内容涉及自然科学所有领域。

托管在 nature.com(该网站是由Springer Nature出版的80多种刊物的共同门户,每月全球有数百万科学家访问)上, Scientific Reports 是任何人都可以公开访问的,发表在技术上可靠的、各领域内的专业人员感兴趣的原始研究论文,其相关内容的访问不受任何限制。

刊名: 大地测量与地球动力学 Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics主办: 国家地震局地震研究所周期: 双月出版地:湖北省武汉市语种: 中文;开本: 大16开ISSN: 1671-5942CN: 42-1655/P邮发代号: 38-194历史沿革:现用刊名:大地测量与地球动力学曾用刊名:地壳形变与地震创刊时间:1981该刊被以下数据库收录:CSCD 中国科学引文数据库来源期刊(2013-2014年度)(含扩展版)核心期刊:中文核心期刊(2011)中文核心期刊(2008)中文核心期刊(2004)中文核心期刊(1992)

很多人都说不是因为地震难以预测,而是因为很多地震局的人不给力,但其实并不是这样的。具体说来,地震难以预测是因为以下两个问题。

①不论是国内,还是国际上,目前对于地壳运动机理的研究进展其实都还是很不完善的,板块构造学说也才发展几十年,这无疑相当于说,我们的研究还处于表面。

②我们目前对于地球深部结构及性质话不是很多,甚至可以说只有一丢丢。与此同时,我们不能钻到地球内部进行一个观测,所以现在用的比较多预测地震的方法是利用地震波。然而这是一种间接的方法,因此只能研究一部分性质。

我的感觉,对于工程领域,审稿很严。我做的是一个“在振动台上测试了典型的 HSR 桥梁,以评估在高强度地震(例如最大考虑地震 (MCE))中的抗震性能”的研究。审稿意见有54条。大家看看:Reviewer Comments:Reviewer 1The manuscript under consideration presents an investigate on the seismic performance of typical RERSCSS concrete pier used in HSRB with varying seismic strength and design parameters through a series of shaking table tests.The authors carried out a series of shaking table tests on RERSCSS concrete piers (M1-M9). The similarity relation between the test model and prototype is given based on dimensional analysis. Displacement, acceleration and strain sensors were deployed for model response acquisition.The following points should be addressed before it can be considered for publication.The analyses (part 3) should be further organized and underscored. The following issues require careful revision:[1] The description of experimental phenomena should be supported by experimental photographs, such as part 3.1.[2] The pictures given in the manuscript should be analyzed as necessary rather than simply presented to the reader, such as Fig 11.[3] Lines 351-358. The authors discussed the acceleration growth rates. But the manuscript lacks the necessary description of the acceleration growth rates. Only the peak acceleration of the top is given (Fig 12), but the bottom is missing. This is very confusing.[4] The analysis of part 3.4 is meaningless. The difference in stiffness between the two directions is obvious.[5]  Fig 14 is confusing. What’s the meaning of the pink line and the shadow? The authors discussed the influence of longitudinal reinforcement rate on the energy dissipation performance according to M2, M3 and M7. While, they differ not only in factor of longitudinal reinforcement rate, but also in factor of axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio. This should be further elaborated.[6] 2. Some pictures in the article should be redesigned. Fig. 9, 14, 15, 19. What the authors want to reflect through the picture is not clear.[7] 3. There is some overlap between the third part and the fourth part, please rearrange the structure of the article.Reviewer 2The authors present an interesting experimental study to investigate the seismic performance of typical high-speed rail (HSR) round-ended rectangular-shaped cross-section solid (RERSCSS) concrete piers by shaking table tests. Several piers design parameters were taking into account. Seismic performance of 9 pier specimens was assessed by analyzing the dynamic behavior from several points of view. The authors collected a large variety of measurement data and the experimental study was quite rich and complete. Nonetheless, the manuscript does not show any theoretical or numerical model that would have helped the comprehension of the results. The organization of the manuscript should be improved. Some parts of the text, as well as some tables and figures, are useless repetitions that do not add to the comprehension of the study. The overall manuscript should be a little more concise. Some figures do not match their captions and should be reorganized. Some revision of the English is needed. Some specific comments are in the following:[8] Page 7, line 119. Please, replace “…the actual results…” with “…the currently available results of…”[9] Page 7, lines 121-123. Here some papers by the earthquake researchers who found such results should be added to the references, for completeness.[10] Page 7, lines 125-130. Here the authors make reference to the risk of building collapse and related codes and practices in the US. Given that the authors are studying Chinese infrastructures, please, explicitly explain the reasons of such reference to the American context.[11] Page 8, lines 131-132. This sentence makes no sense. Please improve the English and reformulate this sentence. Do the authors mean that “Usually concrete piers are characterized by quite different cross-section sizes in the two horizontal directions, forming a wall pier”?[12] Page 8, lines 136-137. The authors state that the experimental research on the seismic performance of HSR circular end concrete piers is still insufficient. Please, provide some reasons why it is still insufficient.[13] Page 9, line 171. Please, explain what “the seismic fortification intensity of the 8-degree zone” is. International readers may not be familiar with the Chinese code…[14] Page 9, line 172-173. Please, replace 0.30g with 0.45g. Explicitly explain why the study focused on the three seismic intensity levels 0.15g, 0.20g, and 0.32g (corresponding to 0.45g, 0.60g, and 0.96g of shaking table test PGAs). If the reason is that the utilized shaking table cannot perform higher levels of PGA, please, state it explicitly for transparency. However, this part should be better moved to section 2.7 ‘Input motion and seismic hazard levels’ for better manuscript organization and readability.[15] Page 9, line 174. Please, replace “Code” with “Chinese code”.[16] Table 1 should be better designed in order to be more readable. The second column is not easily comprehensible, values should be better spaced. Why 7-degree zone and 8-degree zone columns have double values? While 9-degree zone has only a single value?[17] Figure 3. This figure does not match its caption. Please check this figure![18] Table 2. According to this reviewer, the Table 2 is useless. All the design factors and variables here illustrated are better shown in Table 3. It seems that Table 2 is redundant and does not add to the comprehension of the study.[19] Page 13, lines 203-205. Notes to Table 2 should be added to Table 3. Please, check D values for pier models, they are probably in inverted order.[20] Figure 4. This figure does not match its caption. Please check this figure![21] Table 4. Similitude parameters related to material properties can be hardily achieved. Please, explicitly explain how you achieved, and checked, the scaled density values for reinforced concrete.[22] Page 16, line 240. Please, replace “Kn” with “kN”.[23] Page 17, line 254. Please, replace “represent” with “reproduce”.[24] Page 17, line 255. Please, replace “reappear” with “represent”.[25] Figure 7. This figure is quite simplistic and incomplete. Where are the sensors set at the bottom of piers? Please add in a new figure a few photos of sensors installation setup to let readers better understand the measurements that were carried out.[26] Page 18, lines 266-268. Explicitly explain the reason why you choose this specific earthquake for shaking table motions… it would make more sense to choose an earthquake recorded in China, given that the study focused on Chinese infrastructures…[27] Page 18, lines 269. Before “Three…” the authors should explicitly state that ST tests are one-directional and that the vertical component was neglected, adding the reasons of this choice. Moreover, they should explicitly state which horizontal direction (i.e. N or E?) of the recorded earthquake they chose to be used for the ST tests, and why.[28] Figure 9. The order of graphs in this figure might be confusing. Please, consider reorder the graphs as a), c), d), b) clockwise. Moreover, in this reviewer’s opinion, Fourier spectrum would be more readable in linear scale of both axes (for frequencies use range 0-30 Hz or similar).[29] Section 3 ‘Test results and analyses’ and 4 ‘Experimental discussion’ should be reformulated. In the present form they are a bit confusing and repetitive.[30] Page 22, lines 320-322. Here the English is not good and the sentence in not comprehensible. Please, reformulate the sentence.[31] Page 22, lines 322-323. The crack pattern description is too short. Please, provide a wider description of cracks and add some descriptive photos.[32] Page 23, lines 332-343. Please, specify which specimen is considered here. This reviewer suggests moving Figure 17 and related text here. The overall section 3.2 should be better reformulated.[33] Section 3.3 ‘Acceleration responses’ and 4.2 ‘Effect of axial load ratio on acceleration response’ should be reformulated. In the present form they are a bit confusing and repetitive. For example, acceleration growth rate and acceleration increase rate are the same? Please, use one nomenclature and define it the first time it appears in the text.[34] Figure 11. According to this reviewer, the photos embedded in the graphs are very bad and not readable. It is suggested to put them apart in a different figure with a proper caption describing what such photos are about. Furthermore, in graph b) at 0.60g labels are in Chinese. Finally, in the caption x and y directions seem inverted…[35] Page 25, lines 353-358. These lines seem to describe the results shown in Figure 18 and not the ones in Figure 12…[36] Figure 12. For better readability, please, consider increasing the spacing between each bar and related acceleration value.[37] Page 27, lines 365-366. Check the statement “its top moved more in the cross-bridge direction than it did in its cross-bridge direction”...[38] Figure 14. Legend and related lines in the graphs are not clear…[39] Page 29, line 384. Please check section numbering 4.6…[40] Page 30, line 391. Delete “significant”.[41] Page 30, line 400. Define “hoop ratio”...[42] Page 31, line 409. Replace “Fig.Fig.” with “Fig.”.[43] Page 33, lines 435-439. These lines seem to describe the results shown in Figure 12, if so make reference to Figure 12 …[44] Page 33, line 439. Delete “are the absolute weights of the two samples”. Possible typo.[45] Page 34, line 444. Replace “a bit” with “ a little”.[46] Figure 19. Graphs a) and b) are the same as in Figure 11. Useless repetition. Further comments are the same as in Figure 9…[47] Page 36, lines 484-487. Please, check repetitions of “cross-bridge direction”…[48] Page 37, line 496. Consider deleting “…seismic simulation…”. Useless repetition.[49] Page 37, line 499. Consider replacing “…substantial…” with ”… severe…”.[50] Page 37, line 503. Consider replacing “…visible …” with ”… significant…”.[51] Page 37, lines 507-508. Consider deleting “For this reason,…”.[52] Page 37, lines 509-510. According to this reviewer, the sentence “which means that the pier is less vulnerable to damage in the y-direction” is controversial, and should be eliminated or better justified. In fact, seismic vulnerability depends on the considered seismic input spectrum…[53] Page 38, lines 513-514. Consider replacing “… bigger than the displacement in the bridge's cross-sectional direction” with “… bigger in the cis-bridge direction than in the bridge's cross-sectional direction”.[54] Page 38, lines 514-517. The final sentence of 5 Conclusions is not comprehensible, please, reformulate it in a better English.

地震地质期刊投稿经验

王炸!【板块学说,大陆漂移是地地道道的惊天局】【板块学说,大陆漂移是地地道道的惊天局】水域沉积形成陆地,彻底否定了大陆漂移,新陆地的形成和水域沉积变成新陆地有关,陆地形成水域,也与水有关,水覆盖了大面积陆地,陆地变成了水域,这是水域和陆地的转化,和大陆漂移没有任何关系,地貌的水陆的变化和重新分布,和水有关,归根结底,是水的作用改变着地球水陆的分布结构,新陆地出现,是水退却了,陆地不见了,是水覆盖了,不是陆地在漂移。再看,关于湖泊与盆地的先后顺序,两个学科给出两种答案。地理学:先有湖泊,后有盆地。客观事实与实验得出,地质学:先有盆地,后有湖泊,这是根据板块学说得出的结论。书本教材的答案,必须是完全统一的,两种教材却出现了互为相反的答案,为了圆谎“板块学说”,构造地质学编造了各种盆地形成的种类,但然而,盆地的形成只有一种,【湖泊与盆地存在怎样的关系】,是有史以来的地学基础空白。根据地理学的认知和深入探研,盆地形成的整个过程是这样的:(看好了)负地形-湖泊(堰塞湖、人工湖)--沼泽地(湿地)--湖盆内陆地--盆地(因在湖盆内)。这就是说,湖泊沉积可以演变成陆地,而这片新形成的陆地,与盆地的内涵与外延是完全相同的,这也就是说,湖泊、水域是所有盆地形成的基础,出现了这样荒唐的答案,令任何人始料不及。基础认知出现错误,必将涉及而后的各种理论的正确与否。那么,出现这个盲区是极其严重的。接着看,地壳抬升、沉降只能形成负地形,而非盆地,抬升,沉降不能形成沉积结构,沉积层是几十万年形成的过程,地壳抬升、沉降无法完成沉积过程。另有,在盆地内出现大量鱼化石,乌龟及乌龟蛋化石,那么,在形成盆地之前一定属于水域,不然,不会出现大量鱼类化石,从上面几个方面得出结论,盆地在形成之前,是水域,不是地壳太沉沉降能完成的,构造地质学的认知的完全错误的,也与地理学的观点相违背。构造地质学的错误,引发大陆漂移不成立,板块学说不成立。

地幔是流体,至少上部是流体的,否则岩浆就没法解释了。岩浆表面的地壳是构成板块学说的基础,这个与物理学理论并不矛盾。而且板块学说具有大量的证据支持,并不能说明他是错误的。

李四光

(一九七○年六月)

在最近历史时期,在全球范围内,一次又一次发生了毁灭性地震,一九六○年智利大地震以来,破坏性地震的发生,有愈加频繁的趋势,我国不在例外。邢台地震和通海-峨山地震,都是一场巨大的灾难。

在以毛主席为首的无产阶级司令部的亲切关怀下,根据周总理一再具体的指示,我们发动了当地广大革命群众,在解放军大力支持下,两次树立了大打人民战争的光辉范例。广大人民群众,怀着对伟大领袖毛主席深厚的无产阶级感情,以顶天立地的气概,发扬自力更生的精神,英勇奋战,很快就扫平了废墟,进而发展生产,重建家园;并且在大震以后,余震频频发生的过程中,发明了许多土办法和土洋结合的办法,创造了许多土仪器和土洋结合的仪器,为预测地震的工作,打下了群众性的基础。

地震之敌,在全国某些地区,还在伺机而动。我们今后一定要站好岗,放好哨,做好准备。准备任何时期都能够更出色地大打一场人民战争。为此,我们的地震工作既要普及,又要提高,如何又普及又提高?办法只有一条:即坚决贯彻执行伟大领袖毛主席的指示“我们的提高,是在普及基础上的提高;我们的普及,是在提高指导下的普及”。

地震地质工作,对我们来说,还是生疏的。为了能保证正确地贯彻执行上述伟大教导,我们的工作一定“要从客观存在的事实出发,从分析这些事实中找出方针、政策、办法来”。

地震的发生,经常有个震源,震源的位置,绝大多数在某些地质构造带上,特别是在断裂带上。地质构造带,是地应力按一定的条件,在岩层中作用的反映,若干不同性质的构造带在一定的地区中的分布、排列和配合往往呈现某种规律,它反映应力场在那个地区中作用的特点。如若应力场稳定了或者消失了,构造带也就稳定了或者僵化了;如若应力场加强了,而且达到了一定的程度,稳定的构造带就会重新活动,乃至有所发展,或者产生新构造带。

长期地震工作的实践经验,证明了地震震中(即震源在地面上的投影)是与活动地质构造带不可分离的。那种活动构造带,有的暴露在地面,有的隐伏在地下,为较新的、平敷的岩层所掩盖。

不管地震发生的根本原因是什么,不管哪一种或哪几种物理现象,对某一次地震的发生,起了主导作用,它总要把它的能量转化为机械能,才能够发动震动。震波有的属于高频率弹性波,也有的属于低频率、破坏性较大、传播范围较小的塑性波,震源大多数在地壳中,少数在地幔中,这些都不是我们现在要考虑的问题,关键之点,在于震动之所以发生,可以肯定是由于地下岩层,在一定的部位突然破裂,岩层之所以破裂又必然有一股力量(机械的力量)在那里不断加强,直到超过了岩层在那里的对抗强度,而力量的加强,又必然有个积累的过程,问题就在这里。逐渐强化的那股地应力,可以按上述情况积累起来,通过破裂引起地震,也可以由于当地岩层结构软弱或者沿着已经存在的断裂产生相应的蠕动,或者由于当地地块产生大面积、小幅度的升降或平移,在后两种情况下,积累的能量可能逐渐释放了,那就不一定有有感地震发生。因此,可以说,在地震发生以前,在有关的地应力场中必然有个加强的过程,但应力加强,不一定都是发生地震的前兆,这主要是由当地地质条件来决定的。

地应力加强活动,不仅会引起地震,还几乎可以肯定地说,在一定的地区范围内,引起其他许多物理的变化。譬如说,大地电流、电位场、磁场、重力场、地下水位和某些气体冒出等等异常现象,但反过来说,这些异常现象的产生,并不一定意味着局部地应力场的变化。它们产生的原因太复杂了,当然,也不能排除地应力作用的可能性。

因此,我们认为,地震地质工作是地震工作落到实处的一个必不可少的步骤,在寻找可能发生地震的危险地带,特别是危险地区的工作中,它应该起先行作用。在茫茫大地上,如果我们对可能发生地震的地带或地区,完全无所察觉,我们的“以预防为主”的工作和措施,将从何着手?反之,一旦我们获得了确凿证据,证明某些地带或地区,确有发生地震的危险,那就不仅在地理上(空间的意义)起了预报的作用,而且对地震预报观测台站的部署,也具有一定的指导意义。

总起来看,地震地质工作,也和一般地质构造工作一样,不能离开在空间调查,即静态的观测,而且还要进行构造带在时间上的变化,即动态的观测。第二项要求,指出了地震地质工作的特点。

根据上述地震地质工作的一般要求和特点,我们当前的任务概括起来是要回答两个问题:

第一个问题:

哪里有活动构造带?它是怎样活动的?

第二个问题:

构造带的活动是怎样引起地震的?

先就第一个问题,分几点扼要地回答如下:

1.查明活动构造带的所在,追索它伸展的方向和范围。

一个构造带活动不活动,通过一般地质观测方法,包括涉及新第四纪地层、A近冰碛物、冰水沉积、冲积层以及古代人居住遗址和坟墓等等现代构造运动所造成的地面形变或裂隙,活动构造带的存在是可以初步鉴定的,但对地震地质工作的要求来说,用这种方法作出的鉴定,大都不够肯定,不够精确,还需要辅以仪表观测,才能达到要求(详见下第2条)。

对一个构造带,譬如说一个断裂带,在一般地质观测工作中,大都只限于它大体上展布的范围,很少严格地要求查明一条断裂带达到何处才完全消失,一条断裂带两头的终点和断裂带中发生曲折的地点附近,看来,地震之敌往往是隐藏在活动构造中的据点,也就是说,可能是潜伏的震源所在(理由详下)。

2.测定活动构造带活动的程度和频度。

用普通地质观测的方法,例如在一个断裂带的两盘,往往能够发现一些标志,它们标志着两盘相对移动的平错距离或垂直断距,如果在那种标志上也标志着它们存在的时间,那更可以确定在某一时期中,有关的活动构造带两盘,发生了相对位移的方向和错距。

我们可以用人为的标志来测定断裂两盘活动的程度和频度。例如在一条断裂的两旁,建立几个横跨断裂的固定观测站,经常测定两盘相对位移的数值,再辅以流动观测站,探明断裂带全部各段活动的程度。有种种办法可以采用,如钢弦测距、倾斜仪、光速测距、地面三角测量和水准测量等等,最后一种办法,对地形变与地震的关系,具有重要意义,但工作量较大,需要时间较长,如若用来预测地震,一般是缓不济急的。

构造带的活动,有间歇性的,也有连续性的,连续活动,有随时间而发生缓急的变化,也有活动的程度均匀地持续下去,也有极为缓慢但长期继续下去的变动,称为蠕动。这些不同程度和不同形式的构造运动的测定,在地震地质工作中具有极其重要的意义。

有些特殊宏伟、深入地下的断裂带,如东亚大陆东部边缘与太平洋相连接的地带,从堪察加半岛东部边缘,沿着千岛群岛,到北海道东部和本州东北部边缘,直到横断本州的大断裂向太平洋伸展的处所,分为两支:一支往南偏东沿小笠原群岛和马里亚纳群岛方向伸展,另一支沿着日本本州西南部、琉球群岛,经过我国台湾东边,转向菲律宾东部边缘伸展;又如阿留申群岛,阿拉斯加沿岸,沿着北美、南美大陆西部边缘和太平洋连接的地带等等,长期以来,相当强烈的构造运动,看来是在不断地进行,或断断续续地进行。断裂的深度和长度,不是大陆上的断裂所可比拟的。因此,在这些地带,地震频度之大、震源之深、震级之高,也不是大陆上其他大断裂带所可比拟的。

3.鉴定活动构造带的性质。

活动构造带,可以是单一的断裂,也可以是由若干断裂组合而成的复式断裂带,更可以由褶皱和断裂夹杂在一起组成的褶皱带,也有时由单一的破碎带组成。不管活动构造带属于哪一类型,如果有地震震源或潜伏震源存在其中,断裂总是活动构造带的重要组成部分。

活动构造带可以是压性的,可以是张性的,可以是扭性(剪切性)的,也可以是压扭性的或张扭性的。在强烈地震发生的时刻,地面往往出现呈雁行排列的裂隙群,沿着那些裂隙伸展的方向,在大震正在进行的时候,地面往往反复剧烈摆动,同时在水平面上产生大距离的错动,断裂两盘垂直的相对位移,一般较小于水平相对错距。精确观测活动断裂带,在一定的时期内,两盘相对平错和起落的距离,是测定活动构造带活动程度的有效办法之一,也是鉴定活动构造带性质的重要手段。

前述太平洋东、西两岸的大断裂带,无疑是挤压性和剪切性的,东非大裂隙的性质,虽然还有争论,看来主要是张裂性的。是不是挤压加剪切的断裂带比张裂带更容易引起强烈的地震?这个问题提醒我们,为什么在地震地质工作上要注意断裂的性质。

4.尽可能找出和一个活动构造带有切密联系的其他构造带。

一切事物都不是孤立的,活动构造带的存在,也不可能是孤立的。究竟一个构造带和哪些构造带有密切的联系?这是个实际问题,必须联系实际情况,才能获得解决。当我们对一个活动构造带开展工作时,我们必然遇到这个问题,我们也必须解决这个问题,才能查明哪些地带属于可能发生地震的同一危险地区。明了了这一点,对一个地区全部地震工作,才好作合理的部署。

有密切联系的构造带,由于都是受同一地应力场的控制,它们的各别形态、性质、排列以及它们的分布,一般有规律可循。就是说,如果发现某一条构造带有活动的迹象,我们就得注意属于有密切联系的同一构造体系的其他构造带,很可能也有些相应的活动。从这一观点出发,我们在野外的工作,就有了线索可循,危险区的圈定,就可以落实到一个活动构造体系分布的范围。通过地质观测实践经验,我们认识了一些类型的构造体系,通过模拟实验,也可以用人为的方法在一定的介质中作出类似在自然界产生的某些构造体系,从而得以了解产生的条件和过程。

我们还可以进一步根据野外地质观测和重点应力解除的结果,并参考模拟实验所提供的旁证,进行地应力场的分析。这对地震发生根本原因的探讨和地震预测方法,也是打基础的工作。

现在回答第二个问题,即怎样通过活动构造带中哪一点或哪些点的活动引起了地震?

震源有时在活动构造带中流窜,位置不定;也有时偏向于大致固定在活动构造带上的某一点或某几点,这种现象不是偶然的,不能没有客观存在的规律。不掌握这条规律,光讲活动构造带,对我们的地震预测工作的要求,起不了多大的作用。

有几种情况,值得注意:

1.活动断裂带曲折最突出的部位,往往是震中所在的地点;因为在那样的部位往往是构造脆弱的处所,也往往是应力集中的处所。

2.活动构造带的两头,有时是震中往返跳动的地点;因为活动断裂带,在应力加强而被迫向外发展的时候,它的两端是按过去构造运动的轨道,进一步推动它继续发展最有利的部位。

3.一条活动断裂带和另一断裂带交叉的地方,往往是震中所在的地点;因为断裂交叉的处所,断面多半崎岖不平,或者有大堆破坏了的岩块聚集在一起,容易导致应力集中。

4.前面已经提到,当强烈破坏性地震发生时,活动断裂带上的整个段落,有时呈现沿着那一段落反复摆动的模样,在这种情况下,断裂两盘如果极为平滑,或者断面上只有一些容易铲平的岩块疙瘩,在剧烈的运动中就被铲平了,如果断面上有较大的岩块伸出,或者断裂带中有许多断裂,不是彼此互相平行,或是雁行排列,而是犬牙交错,在那里两盘的相对运动,就会被阻止,由于被阻止,局部的应力就越来越集中,到了阻止两盘相对滑动的力量,抵挡不住那一段断裂带两盘相对滑动的力量的一瞬间,轰然一下,阻挡了的岩块或犬牙交错的断裂被粉碎了。地震就可能在那里发生。这样去理解强震地段在地震正在进行的短时间中,有时连续不断发生强震的现象,看来是符合“不塞不流,不止不行”的辩证逻辑的。

5.曾经发动过一两次破坏性强烈地震的处所,一般是脆弱的,构造带中那种剧烈的破坏,不是短短的历史时期中可以恢复的,因此,在几百上千年的时期内,在那里不允许地应力高度集中以致再一次发生破坏性的强烈地震,而只能够继承那种已经造成的弱点,在地应力加强的时候,比较容易发生一系列小型破裂,从而发生一群或几群小震。

然而这种推论,不能适用于太平洋西岸那样的大断裂带,在那些地带,大规模的构造运动,现今还在不断地进展,因而大型裂缝不但沿主断裂的两侧蔓延,而且可能向地球深部发展。我们还没有掌握足够的事实,也没有作过深入的钻研,不能把上述各种情况,说成是带有规律性的东西,我们更不能把活动构造带中已经发动过或潜伏的震源,都归纳到上述的一些特殊部位,在这里只能指出这样一个看法:即把活动构造带中某些具有特殊构造形式的部位,当做可能发动地震的危险地点看待,这不是什么“庸人自扰”。

我们对地震地质工作,现在还缺乏经验,缺乏依据,搞出一套比较完整的办法,在现阶段也不应该提出什么工作规范之类的东西,来束缚自己的手脚,但是即使仅仅迈出第一步,也得要有个方向,有个办法,有个步骤。在此仅仅是试探性作了一些初步经验的小结,征集了各有关方面的一些意见,其目的是为了供地震战线上广大革命战士的参考,以便结合各自的经验和看法,进行讨论、补充和改正。

(引自《地震战线》,1970年,第7期)

地震研究期刊投稿

这个。。还不清楚 不过你可以发其他的杂志刊物 你们必须指定发《大地测量与地球动力学》吗?如果不是要求你就发个其他的普刊就行了

天文学类核心期刊:  天文学报 天文学进展测绘学类核心期刊: 测绘学报 武汉大学学报. 信息科学版 测绘科学 测绘通报 大地测量与地球动力学 遥感学报 测绘科学技术学报 地球信息科学(改名为:地球信息科学学报)地球物理学类核心期刊: 地球物理学报 地震学报 地震地质 地震工程与工程振动 地震 中国地震 地震研究 地球物理学进展 西北地震学报 水文地理学类核心期刊: 地理学报 地理研究 地理科学 人文地理 地理科学进展

常见的:地球物理学报 、地球物理学进展 、 物探与化探、 煤田地质与勘探 、 中国地震等地震类 、石油物探、一些学报的自然科学版(石油大学-吉林大学-中国矿大等等较多) 、物探化探计算技术物探化探计算技术 最容易发表 , 物探与化探、 煤田地质与勘探次之。 个人意见,仅供参考。

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