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与中餐菜名的翻译相关毕业论文

发布时间:2024-07-05 22:11:13

与中餐菜名的翻译相关毕业论文

Because the our country joins WTO and associates outward an activity to increase increasingly, the dining industry also faces to head for this problem in the , we are the employees of dining industry, or many or understand 1:00 professional English concerning dining littlely, is very necessary. The dining professional English mainly includes daily conversation terminology, terminology and the menu etc. of Chinese food English of the cooking technique, but this among them particularly with Chinese food English menu use most is widespread. To translate Chinese food menu into English get the understanding Chinese food vegetables first to constitute and assign name to a food vegetables usually from raw material name, the geneses person or source etc. who boil an aroma form machine, food of making the method, food kind of contents and special features of the reflection food assign name to a method to be called a realistic life a method, still having the deep meaning of the reflection food in addition of comfortable life method. Because Chinese language and the difference of English are very big, we should adopt a realistic life a method at the time of translating to°from Chinese a Chinese food vegetables English, as far as possible the raw material of food, boil a flavor type etc. translation of making the method, food to come out, in order to let the guest is clear at a glance. A, anticipate the translation method of beginning by lord1?The lord which introduces a food anticipates and assists to anticipate: Formula:The lord anticipates(shape)(with) to assist to anticipateExample:Almond chicken cube chicken cubes with almondBeef bean curd beef with beancurdTomato scrambled egg Scrambled egg with to tomato2?The lord which introduces a food anticipates with flavor juice:

菜单翻译相关文献,英文2篇、中文3篇,如需要,请留邮箱或直接hi我。

你好这是我学校图书馆网站黄忠廉. 变译理论[M] . 中国对外翻译出版公司,2002任津升. 进一步谈谈中国菜的英译[J],中国翻译. 2001 年第6期第56页陈宏微 . 汉英翻译基础[M]:上海外语教育出版社1998年朱虹. 文学翻译:中译英琐谈[J]. 读书,1997年第4期张林 . 旅游资料翻译反映出的文化因素[J],中国翻译. 2000 年第5期饮食文化的翻译我国由于历史和地域的不同,形成众多菜系及佳,代写医学论文在翻译时充分考虑它的中、西文化差异、其原料成份及烹调方法等[7]。(1)、直译:烹饪方法+原料名如:清真桂鱼Steamed Mandarin Fish 、回锅肉Twice-cooked Pork、炖牛肉Stewed Beef 。(2)、音译+释义如:饺子Jiaozi (Chinese-style Ravioli) 、包子Baozi (Stuffed Bun) 、锅贴Guotie (Pot Stickers)。(3)、意译+释义:全家福 Happy Family---A combination of shrimps, pork beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce 、左宗鸡General Tso' Chicken---A mouth watering dish made with large chunks of marinated chicken, sauted with scorched red chili peppers in special, tangy sauce。(4)、音译+意译:稳得福酒楼 Wonderful Restaurant、麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style、西菀饭店 Xiyuan Hotel。(5)、意译:红烧狮子头Braised Met Ballswith Brawn Sauce、龙虎凤大烩Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken、红茶Black Tea、棕子Pyramid -shaped Dumpling 、冰糖燕窝 A bird Nest Soup with Rock Sugar。希望对你有帮助 华夏文化与汉英翻译 武汉大学出版社 卢红梅编著2006年5月第一版第六章饮食文化与汉英翻译119页-132页陈小慰.新编实用翻译教程[M] 北京:经济科学出版社2006212页-227页中国烹调方法 刘子孝编著黑龙江科学技术出版社

从目的论角度看英语电影名称的翻译策略OntheTranslationStrategyoftheTranslationoftheNamesofEnglishFilmsinLightoftheSkoposTheory论英语广告中双关语的翻译OntheTranslationofPunsinEnglishAdvertisements中式菜名的文化要素分析及其翻译AnalysisandTranslationsofChineseDishNamesintheViewofTheirCulturalConstituents关于翻译方向的论文还是比较多的

中餐菜名英译原则毕业论文

于饮食文化的论文: 论饮食文化汉译英中的“意译 论饮食文化汉译英中的 意译” 意译〔摘要〕把中国的饮食文化翻译为英语是一件很复杂的工作。要把饮食文 化,尤其是菜谱忠实地传达出来,要兼顾菜名的“形美、音美、意美”,又要考 虑到西方人的饮食所讲究的内容和实质,同时还需要关注菜肴本身的材料、烹 调方法和人们的饮食文化心理。本文搜集了大量的菜谱英语译名并加以归纳, 总结出中国饮食文化尤其是菜谱汉译英中的“意译”情况。 〔关键词〕菜谱 翻译 “意译” 〔中图分类号〕H315〔文献标识码〕A〔文章编号〕1009-5349(2010) 11-0042-02 引言 民以食为天,饮食是人们日常生活的大事。饮食文化也是世界各族人民文 化中不可缺少的一部分,在各族文化中占有非常重要的地位。在经济全球化的 趋势下,越来越多的外国人到中国来工作,或者跟中国人打交道,而他们也在 不断地了解中国, 学习中国文化。 饮食文化是中国文化中的一个很重要的部分, 很多外国学者及外国游客对此兴趣浓厚。要做好饮食文化的对外宣传,我们首 先就要把我国的菜谱翻译出来、整理成文。大多数中国食谱的命名方式都是“形 美、音美、意美”,让食客看得舒服的同时,还充满着期待。中式菜谱的翻译除 了要求语义对等,还必须注重文化联系,这就要求翻译出来的菜名符合西方人 的文化、语言、价值观等思维。 根据王秀芬在其论文《浅析中式菜谱的文化和翻译》的总结和归纳,我国 的学者把菜名译成英文的常用方法有四种。 (1)写实型命名法。如“烤乳猪”被译为 Roast Piglot,“糖醋排骨”被译为 Spareribs with Sweet and Soysauce” (2)写意型命名法。如“红烧狮子头”被译为 Stewed Meat Balls with Brown Sauce.“芙蓉水晶虾”被译为 Shrimps Cooked with Eggwhite. (3)典故型命名法。如“东坡肉”被译为 Dongpo Braised Pork.“叫花鸡”被译 为 Beggar’s Chicken. (4)以地名、数字命名法。如“北京烤鸭”被译为 Peking Duck.“八宝饭”被译 为 Eight-Jewel Rice Pudding. 这四种菜谱的翻译法基本上都能被外国人所接受。 然而从翻译的方法来说, 许多菜名都采用了意译。 一、意译 意译总是与直译、音译联系在一起的。关于意译,钱歌川在其著作《翻译 漫谈》中是这样定义的:“采用原文大意,或甚至有时候改变原意,依译者自己 的意思写出,结果是不大忠于原文(钱歌川,1980:11)。”在汉译英中,很 多时候,直译会让外国人莫名其妙。 在把中国饮食文化对外宣传的翻译过程中,不管写实型命名法还是典故型 命名法的菜谱,都不可避免地采用意译。 二、中国菜谱的意译 中国的菜谱五花八门, 各具特色。 有的只看菜名就对其做工材料一目了然, 有的则采用历史文化典故,让客人在品菜的同时,感受文化气氛;而有的菜名 确实展示了地方特色和民族风情,有的则采取的是浪漫主义的命名方式,让食 客充满遐想。很多菜名还采用了文化典故、历史事件、成语、俗语、谚语来命 名,这就约束了中国菜名翻译时的直译手法。因为很多时候,直译会让外国人 费解,中国人若是不了解这道菜,也会被英文译文弄得莫名其妙,不知所谓。 所以,在把中国菜名翻译成译文的时候,更应该多采用意译的方法。本文通过 分析、归纳和总结,发现中国菜谱采用意译通常有以下三种。 (一)直译表达不明时,常采用意译把菜谱译出 文化的差异必然导致理解上的困难。不是所有的外国人都有那么好的中文 语言基础和积淀,很多中文说法、词语在我们炎黄子孙看来毫不费劲,但是在 外国人眼里,这些表达可能引起误解,或者让他们在点菜时,因为不理解不了 解而无从下手。直译菜名很多时候并不适合外国人看,因为直译往往会让一样 东西在两种语言中呈现出很大的差异,译文跟原文也许会互不相干或是背道而 驰。因为不是所有的中文词汇都能在英文中找到语义与之对等的单词。或者有 时候找到与之意思相近或者相同的单词,但是这些词不一定可以传达菜名的用 意,因为菜名通常还包含着深厚的文化内涵。这时候,菜名的翻译只能采用意 译,在直译不能确切表达菜名本意的时候,添加成分,以达到解释说明的作用。 如,白饭,如果直译,则为 White Rice,但是中国人说“白饭”,强调的并 非它的颜色而是它的内容,是指单独的米饭,不包括菜或其他配料。所以,为 求更准确地表达出中文“白饭”二字的涵义,译者此时应该舍弃直译而采用意译, “Plain White Rice”,加上 plain 一词,外国人更容易联想到饭本身的材料,有 white 他们也不会想到“黑米饭去”。 又如“凤凰玉米羹”这道菜,中国人大概都知道这道菜中的凤凰并非指一种 鸟,而指的是鸡,称之为凤凰只是为求好听,因为这样命名会让这道菜显得更 有档次。若把其中的“凤凰”译为 phoenix,则让外国人纳闷,因为凤凰仅仅是传 说中的一种鸟,并非真实存在的动物,如果搬到餐桌上来了,让人难以置信。 虽然很多外国人可以在不明真相的情况下点了这道菜,但是上菜时,他们总会 知道这里的“凤凰”的真实身份,或许到时候很多外国食客会觉得失望。所以对 于这道菜,我们可以译为 corn and chicken porridge。 又如“臭豆腐”,有人直译为“Smelly tofu”。这种译法算不上错,因为 Smelly 一词本身就能很确切地描述出臭豆腐的气味特点。但是,很多外国食客也会因 为“Smelly”一词而放弃对此食物的尝试。其实臭豆腐除了臭,也还有香的一面, 闻起来臭,吃起来香,这就是臭豆腐的特点。所以,我们应该采用意译的方法, 把“臭豆腐”译为“stinky tofu”。 (二)结合菜肴所需的主要材料翻译菜名 很多菜谱包含了俗语或习语,而对于俗语、习语的翻译,直译也无法正确 表达其含义,此时多采用意译。然而,对于菜名的翻译,又不能完全等同于单 独的俗语、习语本身的翻译。单独的俗语、习语本身的翻译采用解释、增译等 方法传达其内涵和意思,然而包含俗语、习语的菜名,不仅要求翻译工作者能 够通彻领悟俗语、习语本身的含义,还要注意俗语、习语本身与菜肴之间的紧 密联系。习语、成语做菜名时所反映的文化内涵和历史渊源,比菜名本身更为 重要。此外,翻译人员在翻译时还必须注意把菜肴所需的主要材料表达出来, 但又不能过多剔除习语、成语本身的意蕴。因为如果仅仅传达了成语、俗语等 意思,而忽略菜肴材料的介绍,则会让食客在点菜的时候难以兼顾营养的搭配 和均衡。如果食客只是对菜名好奇而点菜,到时候上的菜全部是肉类,这会让 客人觉得很油腻,整个饭局吃得不够尽兴。同时从营养的角度来说,也是不科 学的。所以,翻译人员在翻译的过程中,不能仅仅把菜名当作是简单的一个词 语来翻译,而应该把菜名与菜肴所需的主要材料结合起来,力求使菜谱的翻译 能够完美、忠实地表达原意。 如,中国有道菜叫“过山峰炖清汤”,如果翻译此菜名时采用直译,则会将 其译为 Guoshan Peak clear soup。对于此译文,不仅外国人看不懂,就连土 生土长的中国人也摸不清这道菜是用什么做的,点了这道菜他们将会品尝到什 么。实际上,这是一道鸡汤。“过山峰”在此当然不可能是一座山峰,也不可能 是山上的某块材料,而是指鸡块本身。为此,我们的翻译工作者把此菜译为 Mountain Peak chicken clear soup。译文既表达了中文原意,又指出了菜肴所 需的材料,同时也不会让外国食客误解 Mountain Peak 在此菜名中的含义。 又如,我们日常生活中常见的一道家常菜“麻婆豆腐”,很多饭馆将其译为 Ma Po’s bean curd。此种译法对于熟悉此菜的中外食客而言是无关紧要的,然 而并非所有的外国食客都了解中国的饮食文化。Ma Po 会被理解为一个人名。 她的豆腐可做菜名,对食客当然具有一定的吸引力,但是这菜毕竟还是豆腐, 不管是谁的牌子,对很多外国食客而言不一定有吸引力,或者说他们并不一定 清楚这个豆腐与其他豆腐的不同之处。但是如果我们采用“意译”的方法,把菜 肴的材料填补上去,说不定可以引发食客的兴趣,刺激其的食欲。“麻婆豆腐” 的特别之处在于它的烹饪所需的配料。所以,我国的翻译工作者也把它译为 “Bean curd with mince and chili oil”。 还有“蚂蚁上树”一菜,单看中文菜名,很多中国食客也会认为是吃蚂蚁, 因为在中国的饮食文化当中,蚂蚁也是可以吃的,也可以泡酒,或是打汤。而 实际上,这道菜是面条跟碎肉末一起烹饪的。煮熟以后,肉末附在面条上,就 如蚂蚁爬到了树上一样。此菜的中文菜名的命名是采用比喻的方法,所以我们 在翻译此菜名时,不可以简单地译为 Ants climbing trees,因为 Ants 会让外国 人食欲尽失。同时,此种译法又不能正确地反映出这道菜的真正内涵,所以把 这个菜名译为 Vermicelli with cpicy minced pork 更受青睐。 (三)意译关注菜肴的烹饪方法 用“意译”翻译出其材料固然好,但是单看材料也不一定就能表达出一道菜 的真正风味,因为同一材料根据不同的刀法和烹调方法可以做出千变万化的多 种佳肴。饮食文化很讲究刀法和烹调方法,如烘(baking)、蒸(steaming)、 煮(boiling)、炸(deepfrying)、剥皮(skinning)、腌制(pickling)、切片 (slicing)、切碎(mingcing)、熏(smoking)等。烹饪方法在食物、菜肴的 制作过程中非常重要,因为它不仅影响了食物的味道,还影响了食物的营养和 口感。所以,在直接翻译菜名材料不能传达菜肴的本质意思的时候,我们可以 采用意译的方法,在意译中注重烹饪方法的翻译。 如“千层饼”被译为“multiple-layer steamed bread”突出了饼的形状, “steamed”又明确了这种饼的烹调方法。 此种译法又让外国食客门路清晰而不至 于会错意点错菜,这比“multiple-layer bread”多了一层“multiple-layer bread”的 意思,而多出的这层意思就是烹饪的方法。“multiple-layer bread”可以让外国食 客明白千层饼的外表和材料,而 steamed 又能让客人了解这道事物的做工程 序。 又如“茄汁鸡脯”这道菜,从菜名就可以看出其材料的主要成分:茄汁和鸡 肉。然而单看菜名,一般食客并不知道其中的制作过程和方法,因为任何人都 很难从菜名中寻究出很明显的答案来。用茄汁和鸡肉混在一起可以做出几个样 式的菜来,而直译这两个材料并不能让客人想象出菜肴的味道。事实上,这里 的鸡肉是油炸过的。熟悉这道菜的真正内容和其烹调方法之后,我们就可以将 其译为“Fried chicken in tomato sauce”。此菜译文突显了烹调方法,又充满了 西方饮食风味,让外国食客倍感亲切。 又如“桶子鸡”,若直译为“Chicken in pail”,则让人误以为此菜为炖品,拿 桶来盛装以求新鲜。事实上,这道菜是干的,跟盐焗鸡差不多,只是这里选用 的鸡为童子鸡。所以,这道菜译为“Spring chicken in salt”时,则会让外国食客 更容易从菜名上最快地获取其所需信息而不影响菜肴文化内涵的传达。 菜谱的翻译有时候让人费心费力,但有时候也可以让人舍繁从简。在很多 大餐馆的菜单上,菜谱旁边大都附上图片。有了图片,食客无需从文字上考虑 太多菜肴所包含的材料。此时,菜谱的翻译尽可以从简,只突出其刀法或者其 烹调方法即可。 如“铁扒比目鱼”,在有图片说明的情况下,我们可将其译为“Grilled Sole”。 在此不需要突出盛装菜肴的器皿,也不需强调此菜为汤类还是干炒类或是其他 的。 三、结语 把中国菜谱翻译成英文,既要兼顾菜名给人留下的特有意象,又要考虑到 西方人的饮食思维和爱好,兼顾菜肴本身的材料、烹调方法和人们的饮食文化 心理。因为文化上的差异,加上翻译中出现的语义上的困难,所以“意译”在菜 谱的翻译中占着非常重要的地位,因为“意译”比直译更能让译者更好地传达中 国的饮食文化,其译文也能更易为外国食客所接受。当然,因为意译本身有时 候也会让译文失去菜名原有的韵味,语言也失去了色调,所以,中国菜谱的翻 译还将是未来长期的研究话题。 【参考文献】 [1]王秀芬.浅析中式菜谱的文化和翻译[J].金华职业技术学院学 报,2001(01). [2]伦淑新.直译与意译浅析[J].中国校外教育(理论),2007(11). [3]钱歌川.翻译漫谈[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1980. [4]卫虹.短命的意译词语[J].语文研究,1984(01).

给个邮箱,发你相关资料1.中餐菜名翻译研究综述2.交际翻译理论与中国菜名翻译3.顺应理论在中餐菜名翻译的应用4.顺应理论在中餐菜名翻译中的应用25.文化适应性原则指导下的翻译浅析——以文化菜名翻译为例6.直译和意译在中餐菜名翻译中的相关思考7.中国菜名的翻译策略 已经发送,你看看

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翻译是将一种语言所表达的意思用另一种语言准确而完整地表达出来。下文是我为大家整理的关于的范文,欢迎大家阅读参考! 篇1 漫谈英文定语从句的翻译 摘 要:英文中有大量的定语从句,在翻译时不仅要正确理解定语从句和句子其它成分之间的语法关系和内在逻辑关系,进行必要的句子结构分析和语义分析,还要根据表达的需要对句式做适当变动和调整,使译文顺畅,符合汉语表达习惯。 关键词:定语从句 前置 后置 状语 在英文中,用来修饰、限制、说明句中某一名词、代词、名词或代词短语乃至整个句子的从句叫定语从句。在语序上,定语从句置于先行词之后,是句子中起形容词作用的主谓结构。定语从句是英语语言表达中重要的基本句型之一,在英语中大量出现,它的句子有长有短,结构有繁有简,对先行词的限制作用有强有弱,还有的定语从句在逻辑上具有表示原因、结果、让步、目的、条件、假设等意义。 由于英汉两种语言分属于不同的语系,它们的行文结构存在很大的差异。定语从句虽然在英文中很常见,但却是中文中所没有的结构之一。所以,在将英文中含有定语从句的复合句翻译成汉语时,需要作适当的调整,具有较大的灵活性。在具体翻译时,必须正确体会原文的逻辑概念,合理安排译文的语序,根据其结构和含义采用不同的译法。 一、前置译法 前置译法主要用于限制性定语从句,尤其是一些较短的限制性定语从句。此时,定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系非常密切,如果分开译会影响主句意思的完整。翻译时可按照汉语定语前置的习惯,将其译成带“的”的定语片语,放在先行词的前面,使译文简洁明了,符合汉语的行文习惯。例如: 1The boy who just went out is my nephew. 刚出去的那个男孩是我的侄儿。 2The old lady died on the day when her son arrived. 那个老太太在她儿子到达的那天去世了。 3Objects that do not transfer light cause shadows. 不透光的物体会造成阴影。 4Shanghai is the place where he was born. 上海是他出生的地方。 5I know the reason why he came late. 我知道他来迟的原因。 6I want to buy a watch which is waterproof. 我想买一块防水的表。 7This is the reservoir that we bulit after the flood last year. 这就是去年洪水过后我们修建的水库。 8Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 我们两国是有着悠久友好历史的邻邦。 除此之外,一些非限制性定语从句,或因结构短小,或因与先行词关系较密切,或因拆译后会造成译文结构松散,在翻译时也可以译成前置定语结构。例如: 1My brother-in-law’s laugh,which was very infectious,broke the silence. 我姐夫富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。 2The American busines *** an,who had long been interested in Chinese products,was invited to visit a development zone in East China. 早就对中国产品感兴趣的那个美国商人应邀参观了华东地区的一个开发区。 3He likes his sister,who is warm and pleasant,but he doesn’t like his brother,who is aloof and arrogant. 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹,而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。 4Last night I saw a very good film,which was about the French revolution. 昨晚我一部关于法国革命的精彩电影。 5A man,who bites others,gets bitten himself. 害人者, 反害已。 二、后置译法 后置译法在翻译非限制性定语从句时使用比较普遍。英语中的非限制性定语与先行词的关系较为松散,在文字上一般有逗号与先行词隔开。非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限制作用,有些只是用来对其先行词加以描述、解释或补充说明,在语意上与主句接近于并列结构。翻译时可将其与主句分开,译成一个独立的汉语句子,放在先行词的后面。将非限制性定语从句单独译成一句可以使译文层次分明,并符合汉语简洁、明了的表达习惯。例如: 1She has two brothers,who are both doctors. 她有两个兄弟,他们都是医生。 2We will put off the party until next week,when we won’t be so busy. 我们将把聚会推迟到下星期,那时我们不会这样忙。 3They turned a deaf ear to our demands,which enraged all of us. 他们对我们的要求置之不理,这使我们大家都很气愤。 4I told the interesting story to Jessica,who told it to her hu *** and. 我把这个有趣的的故事告诉了杰西嘉,杰西嘉又告诉了她的丈夫。 5Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully,which showed that the putations were accurate. 不过问题还是圆满地解决了,这说明计算很准确。 6Mechanical energy is changed into electric energy,which in turn is changed into mechanical energy. 机械能转变为电能,电能又转变为机械能。 7He had talked to Vice-President Nixon,who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和副总统尼克松谈过话。副总统向他担保,凡是能够做到的都会去做。 另外,有些较长的限制性的定语从句结构相对复杂,若译成前置定语结构往往显得冗长,而且也不符合汉语的表达习惯。在这种情况下,也可译成后置的并列分句。例如: 1A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质,在适当温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。 2Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we fit in society. 身份是人类的奇妙发明,它可以使人们相互之间相处融洽,并使人们得以确定在社会中所处的恰当地位。 3Philosophy is speculative in that it attempts to construct patterns from life experiences that give meaning to reality in the universe. 哲学的推断性在于试图从生活经历中构筑模式,这些模式给天下存在的万物赋以意义。 4The airline has a booklet that will tell you most of the important things about the trip to Eorope. 这家航空公司备有一本小册子,小册子会告诉你有关欧洲之行的大部分重要事情。 5Late last century all the universities in the United States adopted the credit system which benefited students a great deal. 上世纪末,美国所有大学都实行了学分制。学生们从中受益匪浅。 三、合成译法 英语中有些限制性定语从句与主句关系十分紧密,并且在意义上突出了全句的重点;而主句仅起结构上的作用,其本身的意义并不突出。这时,可将原句中的主句和定语从句融合在―起译成一个独立的汉语句子。英语中带定语从句的There be…结构和它的变体结构或先行词在逻辑上与定语从句中的动词构成主谓或动宾关系时,汉译时常用这种方法来处理。例如: 1There are some metals that are lighter than water. 有些金属比水轻。 2There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 3There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。 4What's the time you usually go to bed? 你通常什么时候睡觉? 5Her hair is the same color as her mother's. 她的头发和她母亲的头发一样颜色。 6ABC is a triangle whose sides are of unequal length. ABC是不等边三角形。 7This is the paper mill that they set up in 1980. 这个造纸厂是他们在1980年建造的。 8I saw a cow that was grazing under a tree. 我看见一头牛在树下吃草。 四、转换译法 英语中有些定语从句,其表层结构虽为定语,实际上却起状语的作用,兼有状语从句的职能,在逻辑上与主句有状语关系,具有说明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等含义。翻译时不能只注意定语从句及其所修饰的先行词,而应善于从原文的字里行间发现整个从句和主句的内在联络及它们之间逻辑上的关系,增译“由于”, “结果”,“尽管”,“不论”,“当”等词,将其译成相应意义的汉语偏正复句。例如: 1The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to that assassination. 这位女记者想写一篇文章,以便能够引起公众对那起暗杀事件的注意。译成目的状语从句 2Electronic puters, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain. 由于电子计算机起著类似人脑的作用,所以常常被称做电脑。译成原因状语从句 3An automatic production line is excellent for the automotive industry where thousands of identical parts are produced. 自动生产线最适合用于汽车工业,因为那里要生产成千上百个同样的零件。译成原因状语从句 4Those who are in favor please hold up their hands. 如果赞成,就请举手。译成条件状语从句 5He insisted on buying another coat,which he had no use for. 他坚持要再买一件上衣,虽然他用不着。译成让步状语从句 6My assistant,who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment,could not obtain satisfactory results. 虽然我的助手在做试验之前已经仔细阅读过说明书,但他还是未能得到满意的结果。译成让步状语从句 7Electronic puters,which have many advantages,cannot carry out creative work and replace man. 虽然电子计算机有很多优点,但它不能进行创造性的工作,也代替不了人。译成让步状语从句 8Friction,which is often considered as a trouble,is sometimes a help in the operation of machines. 摩擦虽然常被看作是一种麻烦,但有些时候却有助于机器的运转。译成让步状语从句 9Rubber is a light,elastic,durable and water-resistant material,which makes rubber industry very important. 橡胶是一种质轻、富有弹性、经久耐用和防水的材料,因此橡胶工业十分重要。译成结果状语从句 10He took Chinese medicine,which relieved her symptoms. 他服了中药,结果缓解了症状。译成结果状语从句 综上所述,中、英文关于定语修饰语的差别使得我们在翻译时必须善于变通,充分考虑汉语的表达习惯。英文中的大多数定语从句在翻译成汉语时并不译成中文中的定语,而是灵活变通,转换成其他型别的从句或译成各种型别的状语, 并体现他们之间因果、让步、并列等的关系,还有的甚至译成汉语的独立句。这就要求我们在实际的翻译中,不仅要正确理解定语从句和句子其它成分之间的语法关系和内在逻辑关系、进行必要的句子结构分析和语义分析,还要根据表达的需要对句式做适当变动和调整,使译文顺畅,符合汉语表达习惯。 参考文献: [1]浩瀚,马光.轻松掌握英语翻译[M]395-398.北京:中国书籍出版社,2001. [2]张先刚.英文被动语态的汉译技巧[J].安阳师范学院学报,2006,3. [3]任爱民.定语从句的状语功能例说[J].青海教育,2005,12. 篇2 浅谈中国菜肴的英文翻译 【摘 要】 饮食文化是中国悠久历史文化的重要组成部分,内涵丰富、博大精深.随着对外贸易的进一步扩大和全球化程度的不断加深,中国与国际交往日益频繁.外国朋友在品尝中国美食的同时,也想了解每道菜名的含义、使用原料、烹饪方法等.因此,中餐菜肴的准确英译在传播中华饮食文化上起着重要的作用.本文以宣传中国饮食文化为出发点,分析了中餐菜名和主食在英译中的基本原则,并结合具体示例提出了六种中餐菜名英译的方法和建议。 【关键词】 中国菜名;翻译原则;方法 俗话说,“民以食为天”,中国的烹饪艺术博大精深、源远流长,享有“烹饪王国”之美誉。近年来,随着全球化程度的不断深入,来华投资经商、旅游观光的外国客人越来越多。他们在工作之余或饱览中国的美丽风光之后也极想品尝一下中国的菜肴。因此,中餐菜名和主食的英译问题就突出地摆在了我们面前。因为这既是增进友谊与了解的需要,也是传播博大精深的中国传统文化的重要工作。 一、中国菜肴英译的基本原则 一求实避虚原则 根据Newmark对实用文字的划分,中餐菜名翻译文字应属资讯型文字,翻译的目的是让外国朋友了解菜肴的内容,以及菜名所包含的文化内涵。因此译者在翻译中餐菜名时所要遵循的首要原则应是求实避虚原则,如实翻译出菜肴的主料、配料、调料、烹调方法等真实内涵,而不是完全按照菜名的字面意思翻译。例如:有一道菜叫“金玉满堂”,其实就是虾仁鸡蛋汤,如果照菜名字面意思翻译成“Hall full of Gold and Jades”,外国客人准得大吃一惊,“How can Chinese people eat gold and jades?”;但如果译成 “shrimp and egg soup”,大家就很容易理解了。又如“百鸟归巢”应根据菜名组合实译为“chicken and pork with egg and bamboo shoots”。由此可见,对于这类改变了以原配料、加工形状和烹饪手段等常规命名方式的雅致菜名,必须化“虚”为“实”,翻译出该菜的原配料成分和烹调方法等辅助因素。 二避免文化冲突原则 在中式菜谱里,以龙、凤、鸳鸯、如意、芙蓉、翡翠、元宝、荷包等中华民族象征吉祥意义的动植物和象征著荣华富贵的物品来命名的菜名比比皆是。有些甚至借用了一些实际无法食用的物品或西方人所忌讳食用的动物名。如“龙凤配”这道名菜有些中餐馆直译成“Dragon & Phoenix”显然不妥。因为在西方文化中Dragon含有邪恶之意,而Phoenix是只在中国神话中才出现的飞禽,西方人对它没有感性认识。因此该菜名的翻译是不合适的。实际上这道菜的主料是Lobster龙虾和Chicken老母鸡,因此,我们可以译成Lobster and Chicken。又如脆皮乳鸽,象征著和平的鸽子烹而食之,西方人是无法接受的,还有诸如动物内脏、青蛙等。因此,又有如鱼香牛肝、火爆腰花、麻辣肥肠等菜名。译者应该具有跨文化意识,特别要注意那些根据联想意义而命名的菜肴,以免引起文化冲突和不必要的麻烦。 三舍繁取简原则 与西餐菜名相比,中国菜名显得过于冗长繁杂,如果将主料、配料、调料、烹调方法、刀工或蕴含的文化等全部逐字翻译,很难被外国人接受,应力求简明扼要。如corned beef罐头碎牛肉,corned的英文释义为pre-served in salt or brine用盐或盐卤腌制的,在这里涵盖了大量的资讯。有的菜名并不强调烹调方式、或者根据主配料的搭配可知其烹制程式,翻译时可将其省去。同样的道理,有些英译菜名可省去调料,甚至可省去配料。如蒜茸猪红拌时蔬,菜名太繁琐,把蒜茸省去,用spiced表示其部分语义,译为spiced pig’s blood with vegetables即可。省略调料或配料。如蜜汁烤叉烧:barbecued pork 略去调料蜜汁凉拌海蜇:special seaweed略去凉拌的调料,而用“special”来表示。 二、中餐菜名英译的方法 上面提到了中餐菜名英译的三个基本原则。下面通过一些范例对中餐菜名的英译进行一些具体探讨。 一直译法烹调法+原料 烹调法是指中国菜的做法,即煎、炸、煸、炒、蒸、煮等等。英译时把对应的制作法译出来,再以该菜的主要砂料为中心词就可以了。例如: 炒肉丝 Sauteed Stir-fried Pork Slices 炖牛肉Stewed Beef 清蒸桂鱼Steamed Mandarin Fish 煎鸡蛋Fried Eggs 红烧鱼 Braised Fish with Brown Sauce 灼海螺片 Scalded Sliced Conch 回锅肉 Twice-cooked Pork/Double Cooked Pork 软炸里脊soft-fried pork fillet 二直译+释意法 该方法就是在英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在的含义。示例如下: 全家福Happy Family-A bination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce 龙凤配Dragon & Phoenix Two separate dishes characterize this distinctive plate. On one side, lobster meat in Sichuan chili sauce, which is and inviting. On the other is house special chicken, which never fails in delighting. 左宗鸡General Tso’s Chicken A mouth watering dish made with large chunks of marinated chicken, sautéed with scorched red chili peppers in special, tangy sauce. 三意译法 1.原料+with+作料 用原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词with或in与作料构成的短词即可。示例如下: 鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce 豆豉桂鱼 Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce 黄焖大虾 Braised Prawns in Rice Wine 海米白菜Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps 2.作料+原料 此方法是把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面,用英文译出。示例如下: 咖哩鸡 Curry Chicken 麻辣豆腐 Spicy Bean Curd 怪味鸡 Multi-flavored Chicken 古老肉 Sweet & Sour Pork 3.以“实”对“虚”法 从严格的意义上说,该法也是意译法的一种。其方法是舍去中餐菜名里的喻义、夸张等说法而采用直接、明白的英语把它翻译出来。示例如下: 白玉虾球 Crystal White Shrimp Balls 红烧狮子头 Braised Meat Balls with Brawn Sauce 发财好市 Black Moss Cooked with Oysters 龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken 4.“移花接木”法 这种方法是用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中国菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处,故借彼之法为我所用。译文地道、通俗易懂,能收到事半功倍的效果。示例如下: 烤排骨 Barbecued Spare Ribs 盖浇面 Chinese-style Spaghetti 饺子 Chinese-style Ravioli 锅贴Pot Stickers 鸡肉串 Teriyaki Chicken Stick 这里的teriyaki一词是从日语来的借用词即“烤”的意思,该字用于此类英译在美国的中餐馆里十分流行。另外,spaghetti和ravioli两字均源自义大利语,其含义与吃法恰巧分别与我们的“盖浇面”和“饺子”非常相似,外国人都异常熟悉。PotStickers乃是一种通俗、诙谐的译法,较之呆板的译文pan-frieddumplings更显出其幽默而传神。另外,dumpling一字似有滥用之嫌,例如,在译“烧卖”、“馄饨”、“元宵”、“锅贴”、甚至“粽子”时,都用该字,往往容易引起误解。 5.音译+释义法 该方法是指先按中文用汉语拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留点“中国味儿”。示例如下: 包子 Baozi Stuffed Bun 饺子 Jiaozi Chinese-style Ravioli 馒头Mantou Steamed Bread 锅贴 Guotie Pot Stickers 木须肉 Moo Shu Pork A bination of shredded pork and assorted vegetables as fillings rolled in *** all thin pan-cakes 6.“随机应变”法原料+地名+style 应用此方法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的坟风味特色菜名。英译出原料名后,再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。示例如下: 广东龙虾 Lobster Cantonese Style 家常豆腐 Bean Curd Home Style 麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style 中式泡菜 Chinese-style Pickles 湖南肉 Pork Hunan Style 另外,关于中餐主食的一些英译较之于中餐菜名来说就容易多了,这里简单举几个示例: 汤面 Noodles in Soup 炒面 Stir-fried Noodles 炒饭 Fried Rice 蛋炒饭 Egg Fried Rice 叉烧炒饭 Roast Pork Rice 由此可见,中餐菜名的英译方法是灵活多变的。至于我们在翻译中最终采用哪种方法,则可根据各人的习惯和具体情况确定。同时,有些译法也不是正式或固定译法,因为在口译或笔译时往往因人而异、因语境而异,常常会有不同的英译。 随着全球化程序的加快和我国对外交往活动的日益增多,餐饮业也逐渐走向世界。中国饮食文化历史悠久,博大精深,中国菜系多样,烹饪方法众多,各种菜式均有自己的品评标准和鲜明的民族特色。中餐菜名与主食的英译是中国饮食文化对外宣传工作中的重要一环。上面介绍到的几种翻译方法并非孤立,而是相互联络,可以并用。但不管采用哪种翻译方法,都要求译者首先必须熟悉中西饮食文化的差异,了解中餐菜名的构成及其内涵,这样才能对中餐菜名有更加准确的翻译,才能对中国文化的传播和促进世界烹饪文化的交流做出应有的贡献。 参考文献 [1]钟述孔.实用口译手册[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1999. [2]何川.英语导游口译手册[M].北京:中国青年出版社,1989. [3]黄海翔.中餐选单英译浅谈[J].中国科技翻译,1999,1. [4]吴冰.汉译英口译教程[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1995. [5]何高大.实用英汉汉英口译技巧[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1997. [6]冯庆华.实用翻译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997. [7]黄承球.中国菜谱英译初探[J].广西师范学报,1997,2. [8]陈洪薇.汉英翻译基础[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1998. [9]林克难.新闻宣传英语[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1998. [10]罗赛群.中国饮食文化菜谱的翻译探讨[J].韶关大学学报,1998,5. [11]黄海翔.中餐选单英译浅谈[J].中国科技翻译,1999,1:18-21.

中餐菜名英译论文答辩问题

地方菜可直接用拼音巧用人名地名

翻译是将一种语言所表达的意思用另一种语言准确而完整地表达出来。下文是我为大家整理的关于的范文,欢迎大家阅读参考! 篇1 漫谈英文定语从句的翻译 摘 要:英文中有大量的定语从句,在翻译时不仅要正确理解定语从句和句子其它成分之间的语法关系和内在逻辑关系,进行必要的句子结构分析和语义分析,还要根据表达的需要对句式做适当变动和调整,使译文顺畅,符合汉语表达习惯。 关键词:定语从句 前置 后置 状语 在英文中,用来修饰、限制、说明句中某一名词、代词、名词或代词短语乃至整个句子的从句叫定语从句。在语序上,定语从句置于先行词之后,是句子中起形容词作用的主谓结构。定语从句是英语语言表达中重要的基本句型之一,在英语中大量出现,它的句子有长有短,结构有繁有简,对先行词的限制作用有强有弱,还有的定语从句在逻辑上具有表示原因、结果、让步、目的、条件、假设等意义。 由于英汉两种语言分属于不同的语系,它们的行文结构存在很大的差异。定语从句虽然在英文中很常见,但却是中文中所没有的结构之一。所以,在将英文中含有定语从句的复合句翻译成汉语时,需要作适当的调整,具有较大的灵活性。在具体翻译时,必须正确体会原文的逻辑概念,合理安排译文的语序,根据其结构和含义采用不同的译法。 一、前置译法 前置译法主要用于限制性定语从句,尤其是一些较短的限制性定语从句。此时,定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系非常密切,如果分开译会影响主句意思的完整。翻译时可按照汉语定语前置的习惯,将其译成带“的”的定语片语,放在先行词的前面,使译文简洁明了,符合汉语的行文习惯。例如: 1The boy who just went out is my nephew. 刚出去的那个男孩是我的侄儿。 2The old lady died on the day when her son arrived. 那个老太太在她儿子到达的那天去世了。 3Objects that do not transfer light cause shadows. 不透光的物体会造成阴影。 4Shanghai is the place where he was born. 上海是他出生的地方。 5I know the reason why he came late. 我知道他来迟的原因。 6I want to buy a watch which is waterproof. 我想买一块防水的表。 7This is the reservoir that we bulit after the flood last year. 这就是去年洪水过后我们修建的水库。 8Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 我们两国是有着悠久友好历史的邻邦。 除此之外,一些非限制性定语从句,或因结构短小,或因与先行词关系较密切,或因拆译后会造成译文结构松散,在翻译时也可以译成前置定语结构。例如: 1My brother-in-law’s laugh,which was very infectious,broke the silence. 我姐夫富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。 2The American busines *** an,who had long been interested in Chinese products,was invited to visit a development zone in East China. 早就对中国产品感兴趣的那个美国商人应邀参观了华东地区的一个开发区。 3He likes his sister,who is warm and pleasant,but he doesn’t like his brother,who is aloof and arrogant. 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹,而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。 4Last night I saw a very good film,which was about the French revolution. 昨晚我一部关于法国革命的精彩电影。 5A man,who bites others,gets bitten himself. 害人者, 反害已。 二、后置译法 后置译法在翻译非限制性定语从句时使用比较普遍。英语中的非限制性定语与先行词的关系较为松散,在文字上一般有逗号与先行词隔开。非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限制作用,有些只是用来对其先行词加以描述、解释或补充说明,在语意上与主句接近于并列结构。翻译时可将其与主句分开,译成一个独立的汉语句子,放在先行词的后面。将非限制性定语从句单独译成一句可以使译文层次分明,并符合汉语简洁、明了的表达习惯。例如: 1She has two brothers,who are both doctors. 她有两个兄弟,他们都是医生。 2We will put off the party until next week,when we won’t be so busy. 我们将把聚会推迟到下星期,那时我们不会这样忙。 3They turned a deaf ear to our demands,which enraged all of us. 他们对我们的要求置之不理,这使我们大家都很气愤。 4I told the interesting story to Jessica,who told it to her hu *** and. 我把这个有趣的的故事告诉了杰西嘉,杰西嘉又告诉了她的丈夫。 5Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully,which showed that the putations were accurate. 不过问题还是圆满地解决了,这说明计算很准确。 6Mechanical energy is changed into electric energy,which in turn is changed into mechanical energy. 机械能转变为电能,电能又转变为机械能。 7He had talked to Vice-President Nixon,who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和副总统尼克松谈过话。副总统向他担保,凡是能够做到的都会去做。 另外,有些较长的限制性的定语从句结构相对复杂,若译成前置定语结构往往显得冗长,而且也不符合汉语的表达习惯。在这种情况下,也可译成后置的并列分句。例如: 1A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质,在适当温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。 2Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we fit in society. 身份是人类的奇妙发明,它可以使人们相互之间相处融洽,并使人们得以确定在社会中所处的恰当地位。 3Philosophy is speculative in that it attempts to construct patterns from life experiences that give meaning to reality in the universe. 哲学的推断性在于试图从生活经历中构筑模式,这些模式给天下存在的万物赋以意义。 4The airline has a booklet that will tell you most of the important things about the trip to Eorope. 这家航空公司备有一本小册子,小册子会告诉你有关欧洲之行的大部分重要事情。 5Late last century all the universities in the United States adopted the credit system which benefited students a great deal. 上世纪末,美国所有大学都实行了学分制。学生们从中受益匪浅。 三、合成译法 英语中有些限制性定语从句与主句关系十分紧密,并且在意义上突出了全句的重点;而主句仅起结构上的作用,其本身的意义并不突出。这时,可将原句中的主句和定语从句融合在―起译成一个独立的汉语句子。英语中带定语从句的There be…结构和它的变体结构或先行词在逻辑上与定语从句中的动词构成主谓或动宾关系时,汉译时常用这种方法来处理。例如: 1There are some metals that are lighter than water. 有些金属比水轻。 2There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 3There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。 4What's the time you usually go to bed? 你通常什么时候睡觉? 5Her hair is the same color as her mother's. 她的头发和她母亲的头发一样颜色。 6ABC is a triangle whose sides are of unequal length. ABC是不等边三角形。 7This is the paper mill that they set up in 1980. 这个造纸厂是他们在1980年建造的。 8I saw a cow that was grazing under a tree. 我看见一头牛在树下吃草。 四、转换译法 英语中有些定语从句,其表层结构虽为定语,实际上却起状语的作用,兼有状语从句的职能,在逻辑上与主句有状语关系,具有说明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等含义。翻译时不能只注意定语从句及其所修饰的先行词,而应善于从原文的字里行间发现整个从句和主句的内在联络及它们之间逻辑上的关系,增译“由于”, “结果”,“尽管”,“不论”,“当”等词,将其译成相应意义的汉语偏正复句。例如: 1The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to that assassination. 这位女记者想写一篇文章,以便能够引起公众对那起暗杀事件的注意。译成目的状语从句 2Electronic puters, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain. 由于电子计算机起著类似人脑的作用,所以常常被称做电脑。译成原因状语从句 3An automatic production line is excellent for the automotive industry where thousands of identical parts are produced. 自动生产线最适合用于汽车工业,因为那里要生产成千上百个同样的零件。译成原因状语从句 4Those who are in favor please hold up their hands. 如果赞成,就请举手。译成条件状语从句 5He insisted on buying another coat,which he had no use for. 他坚持要再买一件上衣,虽然他用不着。译成让步状语从句 6My assistant,who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment,could not obtain satisfactory results. 虽然我的助手在做试验之前已经仔细阅读过说明书,但他还是未能得到满意的结果。译成让步状语从句 7Electronic puters,which have many advantages,cannot carry out creative work and replace man. 虽然电子计算机有很多优点,但它不能进行创造性的工作,也代替不了人。译成让步状语从句 8Friction,which is often considered as a trouble,is sometimes a help in the operation of machines. 摩擦虽然常被看作是一种麻烦,但有些时候却有助于机器的运转。译成让步状语从句 9Rubber is a light,elastic,durable and water-resistant material,which makes rubber industry very important. 橡胶是一种质轻、富有弹性、经久耐用和防水的材料,因此橡胶工业十分重要。译成结果状语从句 10He took Chinese medicine,which relieved her symptoms. 他服了中药,结果缓解了症状。译成结果状语从句 综上所述,中、英文关于定语修饰语的差别使得我们在翻译时必须善于变通,充分考虑汉语的表达习惯。英文中的大多数定语从句在翻译成汉语时并不译成中文中的定语,而是灵活变通,转换成其他型别的从句或译成各种型别的状语, 并体现他们之间因果、让步、并列等的关系,还有的甚至译成汉语的独立句。这就要求我们在实际的翻译中,不仅要正确理解定语从句和句子其它成分之间的语法关系和内在逻辑关系、进行必要的句子结构分析和语义分析,还要根据表达的需要对句式做适当变动和调整,使译文顺畅,符合汉语表达习惯。 参考文献: [1]浩瀚,马光.轻松掌握英语翻译[M]395-398.北京:中国书籍出版社,2001. [2]张先刚.英文被动语态的汉译技巧[J].安阳师范学院学报,2006,3. [3]任爱民.定语从句的状语功能例说[J].青海教育,2005,12. 篇2 浅谈中国菜肴的英文翻译 【摘 要】 饮食文化是中国悠久历史文化的重要组成部分,内涵丰富、博大精深.随着对外贸易的进一步扩大和全球化程度的不断加深,中国与国际交往日益频繁.外国朋友在品尝中国美食的同时,也想了解每道菜名的含义、使用原料、烹饪方法等.因此,中餐菜肴的准确英译在传播中华饮食文化上起着重要的作用.本文以宣传中国饮食文化为出发点,分析了中餐菜名和主食在英译中的基本原则,并结合具体示例提出了六种中餐菜名英译的方法和建议。 【关键词】 中国菜名;翻译原则;方法 俗话说,“民以食为天”,中国的烹饪艺术博大精深、源远流长,享有“烹饪王国”之美誉。近年来,随着全球化程度的不断深入,来华投资经商、旅游观光的外国客人越来越多。他们在工作之余或饱览中国的美丽风光之后也极想品尝一下中国的菜肴。因此,中餐菜名和主食的英译问题就突出地摆在了我们面前。因为这既是增进友谊与了解的需要,也是传播博大精深的中国传统文化的重要工作。 一、中国菜肴英译的基本原则 一求实避虚原则 根据Newmark对实用文字的划分,中餐菜名翻译文字应属资讯型文字,翻译的目的是让外国朋友了解菜肴的内容,以及菜名所包含的文化内涵。因此译者在翻译中餐菜名时所要遵循的首要原则应是求实避虚原则,如实翻译出菜肴的主料、配料、调料、烹调方法等真实内涵,而不是完全按照菜名的字面意思翻译。例如:有一道菜叫“金玉满堂”,其实就是虾仁鸡蛋汤,如果照菜名字面意思翻译成“Hall full of Gold and Jades”,外国客人准得大吃一惊,“How can Chinese people eat gold and jades?”;但如果译成 “shrimp and egg soup”,大家就很容易理解了。又如“百鸟归巢”应根据菜名组合实译为“chicken and pork with egg and bamboo shoots”。由此可见,对于这类改变了以原配料、加工形状和烹饪手段等常规命名方式的雅致菜名,必须化“虚”为“实”,翻译出该菜的原配料成分和烹调方法等辅助因素。 二避免文化冲突原则 在中式菜谱里,以龙、凤、鸳鸯、如意、芙蓉、翡翠、元宝、荷包等中华民族象征吉祥意义的动植物和象征著荣华富贵的物品来命名的菜名比比皆是。有些甚至借用了一些实际无法食用的物品或西方人所忌讳食用的动物名。如“龙凤配”这道名菜有些中餐馆直译成“Dragon & Phoenix”显然不妥。因为在西方文化中Dragon含有邪恶之意,而Phoenix是只在中国神话中才出现的飞禽,西方人对它没有感性认识。因此该菜名的翻译是不合适的。实际上这道菜的主料是Lobster龙虾和Chicken老母鸡,因此,我们可以译成Lobster and Chicken。又如脆皮乳鸽,象征著和平的鸽子烹而食之,西方人是无法接受的,还有诸如动物内脏、青蛙等。因此,又有如鱼香牛肝、火爆腰花、麻辣肥肠等菜名。译者应该具有跨文化意识,特别要注意那些根据联想意义而命名的菜肴,以免引起文化冲突和不必要的麻烦。 三舍繁取简原则 与西餐菜名相比,中国菜名显得过于冗长繁杂,如果将主料、配料、调料、烹调方法、刀工或蕴含的文化等全部逐字翻译,很难被外国人接受,应力求简明扼要。如corned beef罐头碎牛肉,corned的英文释义为pre-served in salt or brine用盐或盐卤腌制的,在这里涵盖了大量的资讯。有的菜名并不强调烹调方式、或者根据主配料的搭配可知其烹制程式,翻译时可将其省去。同样的道理,有些英译菜名可省去调料,甚至可省去配料。如蒜茸猪红拌时蔬,菜名太繁琐,把蒜茸省去,用spiced表示其部分语义,译为spiced pig’s blood with vegetables即可。省略调料或配料。如蜜汁烤叉烧:barbecued pork 略去调料蜜汁凉拌海蜇:special seaweed略去凉拌的调料,而用“special”来表示。 二、中餐菜名英译的方法 上面提到了中餐菜名英译的三个基本原则。下面通过一些范例对中餐菜名的英译进行一些具体探讨。 一直译法烹调法+原料 烹调法是指中国菜的做法,即煎、炸、煸、炒、蒸、煮等等。英译时把对应的制作法译出来,再以该菜的主要砂料为中心词就可以了。例如: 炒肉丝 Sauteed Stir-fried Pork Slices 炖牛肉Stewed Beef 清蒸桂鱼Steamed Mandarin Fish 煎鸡蛋Fried Eggs 红烧鱼 Braised Fish with Brown Sauce 灼海螺片 Scalded Sliced Conch 回锅肉 Twice-cooked Pork/Double Cooked Pork 软炸里脊soft-fried pork fillet 二直译+释意法 该方法就是在英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在的含义。示例如下: 全家福Happy Family-A bination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce 龙凤配Dragon & Phoenix Two separate dishes characterize this distinctive plate. On one side, lobster meat in Sichuan chili sauce, which is and inviting. On the other is house special chicken, which never fails in delighting. 左宗鸡General Tso’s Chicken A mouth watering dish made with large chunks of marinated chicken, sautéed with scorched red chili peppers in special, tangy sauce. 三意译法 1.原料+with+作料 用原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词with或in与作料构成的短词即可。示例如下: 鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce 豆豉桂鱼 Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce 黄焖大虾 Braised Prawns in Rice Wine 海米白菜Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps 2.作料+原料 此方法是把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面,用英文译出。示例如下: 咖哩鸡 Curry Chicken 麻辣豆腐 Spicy Bean Curd 怪味鸡 Multi-flavored Chicken 古老肉 Sweet & Sour Pork 3.以“实”对“虚”法 从严格的意义上说,该法也是意译法的一种。其方法是舍去中餐菜名里的喻义、夸张等说法而采用直接、明白的英语把它翻译出来。示例如下: 白玉虾球 Crystal White Shrimp Balls 红烧狮子头 Braised Meat Balls with Brawn Sauce 发财好市 Black Moss Cooked with Oysters 龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken 4.“移花接木”法 这种方法是用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中国菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处,故借彼之法为我所用。译文地道、通俗易懂,能收到事半功倍的效果。示例如下: 烤排骨 Barbecued Spare Ribs 盖浇面 Chinese-style Spaghetti 饺子 Chinese-style Ravioli 锅贴Pot Stickers 鸡肉串 Teriyaki Chicken Stick 这里的teriyaki一词是从日语来的借用词即“烤”的意思,该字用于此类英译在美国的中餐馆里十分流行。另外,spaghetti和ravioli两字均源自义大利语,其含义与吃法恰巧分别与我们的“盖浇面”和“饺子”非常相似,外国人都异常熟悉。PotStickers乃是一种通俗、诙谐的译法,较之呆板的译文pan-frieddumplings更显出其幽默而传神。另外,dumpling一字似有滥用之嫌,例如,在译“烧卖”、“馄饨”、“元宵”、“锅贴”、甚至“粽子”时,都用该字,往往容易引起误解。 5.音译+释义法 该方法是指先按中文用汉语拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留点“中国味儿”。示例如下: 包子 Baozi Stuffed Bun 饺子 Jiaozi Chinese-style Ravioli 馒头Mantou Steamed Bread 锅贴 Guotie Pot Stickers 木须肉 Moo Shu Pork A bination of shredded pork and assorted vegetables as fillings rolled in *** all thin pan-cakes 6.“随机应变”法原料+地名+style 应用此方法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的坟风味特色菜名。英译出原料名后,再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。示例如下: 广东龙虾 Lobster Cantonese Style 家常豆腐 Bean Curd Home Style 麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style 中式泡菜 Chinese-style Pickles 湖南肉 Pork Hunan Style 另外,关于中餐主食的一些英译较之于中餐菜名来说就容易多了,这里简单举几个示例: 汤面 Noodles in Soup 炒面 Stir-fried Noodles 炒饭 Fried Rice 蛋炒饭 Egg Fried Rice 叉烧炒饭 Roast Pork Rice 由此可见,中餐菜名的英译方法是灵活多变的。至于我们在翻译中最终采用哪种方法,则可根据各人的习惯和具体情况确定。同时,有些译法也不是正式或固定译法,因为在口译或笔译时往往因人而异、因语境而异,常常会有不同的英译。 随着全球化程序的加快和我国对外交往活动的日益增多,餐饮业也逐渐走向世界。中国饮食文化历史悠久,博大精深,中国菜系多样,烹饪方法众多,各种菜式均有自己的品评标准和鲜明的民族特色。中餐菜名与主食的英译是中国饮食文化对外宣传工作中的重要一环。上面介绍到的几种翻译方法并非孤立,而是相互联络,可以并用。但不管采用哪种翻译方法,都要求译者首先必须熟悉中西饮食文化的差异,了解中餐菜名的构成及其内涵,这样才能对中餐菜名有更加准确的翻译,才能对中国文化的传播和促进世界烹饪文化的交流做出应有的贡献。 参考文献 [1]钟述孔.实用口译手册[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1999. [2]何川.英语导游口译手册[M].北京:中国青年出版社,1989. [3]黄海翔.中餐选单英译浅谈[J].中国科技翻译,1999,1. [4]吴冰.汉译英口译教程[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1995. [5]何高大.实用英汉汉英口译技巧[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1997. [6]冯庆华.实用翻译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997. [7]黄承球.中国菜谱英译初探[J].广西师范学报,1997,2. [8]陈洪薇.汉英翻译基础[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1998. [9]林克难.新闻宣传英语[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1998. [10]罗赛群.中国饮食文化菜谱的翻译探讨[J].韶关大学学报,1998,5. [11]黄海翔.中餐选单英译浅谈[J].中国科技翻译,1999,1:18-21.

过于直译,而少了其中的韵味。

一般有以下规律:(一)地方菜可直接用拼音: 在美国和欧洲的中餐馆中,中文菜单翻译英文最直接的方法就是“音译”。音译就是把菜品的中文名字用拼音写出来,这种方法简洁直接也很有特色。比如豆腐,虽然可以译成“大豆乳酪”,但更多的是用“TOFU”一词即可,美国人点菜已经会正确地说“TOFU”,还知道它有益健康呢。还有像“担担面”(DAN DAN NOODLES)“云吞”(WONTON)等餐点,直接用拼音命名,含有一种“我有人无”的自豪。反正国外没有相对应的食品,那么就用我们的称呼好了。 这种方法,在其他国家的餐饮里也屡见不鲜:日本寿司(SUSHI),日本清酒(SAKE),朝鲜泡菜(KIMCHI)都是直接用音译,这已经在西方获得广泛的采用。而现在国内所说的法国的“香槟”,意大利的“比萨”都是原汁原味音译而来,如今还有谁不知道那些是什么东西呢。 (二)意译有三大讲究:不用说,这是最要功夫的译法。意译法仔细讲来也分3种: 以用料为主的翻译——主要介绍菜肴的主料和配料,先写好其中的鸡肉、牛肉或海鲜的种类名称,再加上青菜、果仁等配料的名称,像香菇(BLACK MASHROOM)、鲜笋(BAMBOO SHOOT)都是中餐常用的材料,外国人多数不会大惊小怪,会照吃不误。 以味道为主的翻译——在用料之外,强调调味的作料,把椒盐、麻辣、甜酸等味道注明在菜单上,这对外国人点菜会有很大帮助。要知道外国人给予中国菜“用舌头来吃的饭菜”的美誉,很多时候他们来吃的就是味道。加了青葱、芝麻等,都是特色风味,不妨一一写出。不过,在北美有一道很受欢迎的菜“甜酸肉(鸡)”SWEETAND SOUR PORK(CHICKEN),与国内所说的“糖醋里脊”并不完全相同,它的色泽金黄,味道也偏甜,有果汁味,可能吃惯了这道菜的外国人到了国内会弄混。 以烹饪法为主的翻译——把常用的煎炒烹炸方式译入菜名,既符合中国菜的传统,又能显示中国菜的制作艺术。菜肴爆炒的浓香、油炸的酥脆、清蒸的清淡都可以充分在文字中显示出来。 在海外,红烧一般会明说是用酱油(SOY BEAN SAUCE)做的,而不是笼统地说是BROWN SAUCE,这样不喜欢酱油的外国人就可以不点这道菜了。 (三)巧用人名地名: 这个译法似乎又回到了音译法,但实际上却增加了更多的文化底蕴。细看外国菜谱会发现,法国的奶酪、德国的香肠有很多都注明了产地和风味,而且他们的这些地名即使出现在英文菜单上,也全都使用原文拼写。所以我们的“西湖牛肉羹”、“蒙古烤肉”、“上海酱鸭”,也可以写上这些特色地名的汉语拼音,或者加注“SHANGHAI STYLE”(上海风味),顺便也给外国朋友们来点地理知识。同样,借类似“东坡肉”、“左公鸡”、“麻婆豆腐”等菜式中的人名,就可以向外国人介绍一下这是中国诗人苏东坡,著名将军左宗棠等人所喜爱的食品以及四川妙手阿婆的拿手菜等,增加进餐时的趣味话题和交流。 两点注意: 1.使用所在地通用名称和烹调法,可以取得事半功倍的效果。比如“叉烧肉”,只要写成“BBQ烤肉”(涂了浓调味汁的烤肉),北美人就心领神会了。而我们常说的“荷兰豆”,在美国和加拿大被称为“雪豆”,翻译时需要注意。 2.我们中华民族历来是礼仪之邦,要尽量避免暴力、性等字眼。比如“童子鸡”,只要写成“很嫩的鸡肉”就可以了,有的餐馆翻译成“未过性生活的鸡”就会被笑话了。想来咱们老祖宗发明这道菜的本意,也只是要标榜材料的鲜嫩爽滑而已,没有谁要打听鸡宝宝的私生活。 举例: “宫保鸡丁”翻译三选一。中餐菜名翻译成英文,可以用多种不同的表达方法。例如“宫保鸡丁”这道菜就有以下3种译法: ■音译:GONGBAO CHICKEN (宫保鸡丁)■以用料为主的翻译: SAUTEED CHICHEN CUBE WITH PEANUTS (炒鸡块,添加花生) ■以味道为主的翻译: DICED CHICKEN WITH PEANUTS IN CHILI SAUCE (鸡肉花生在辣椒酱中)

菜名的翻译论文开题报告

题目定了么,格式给我。

你好,这个不是固定的,你可以和导师商量一下

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告,欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容:

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富,寓意深刻,具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中,恰当地加以运用,会大大增加语言的表达能力,收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华,是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单,语言精炼,富于形象比喻,充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想,开拓视野,了解英国的历史文化、风土人情,以及英国人民的人生哲理,同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处,详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况:

陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报,1983。

黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊,1999/2

顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报,1993/2。

张培基,喻云根,李宗杰,彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京:中国外语教育出版社,xx/8

杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲:

thesis statemen:this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指导教师意见:

指导教师签名:

年 月 日

开题报告,老师一般会给模板,还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告,你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures. 二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 (课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向) Research Status: Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance.. Research Tendency: 21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality. 三、研究内容及研究目标 (对研究的内容进行说明,并阐明要达到的目标) Research Contents: A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified Black Is Associated With Profit Black Is Associated With the Black People 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Death Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful Black Is Associated With Anger B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty 2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With Death and Poor White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red Is Associated With Honor and Love 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red is Associated with the Obscenity Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism. Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Noble Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease Research Objectives: I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture. 四、预计的研究难点 (课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点) With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related. 五、创新点 (选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点) The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords. 六、进度计划 (根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排) 1. - , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing 2. - , 2008 Data gathering 3. - , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline 4. - , 2009 Literature review 5. - , 2009 First draft 6. - , 2009 Second draft 7. - , 2009 Final version 8. - May 14th, 2009 Printing 9. May 17th - May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate 七、资料来源 (指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料) [1] Baugh, . & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [2] Eckersley, . Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979. [3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985. [4] Hornby, . Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974. [5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. .: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997. [6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. .: Edward Arnold, 1989. [7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981. [8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006. [9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007. [11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》,2005,(7). [12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002. [13] 邓炎昌,刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1991. [14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》,2002,(3). [15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》,1997,(2). 指导教师意见:(对课题的认可意见) 指导教师 年 月 日 系(教研室)审查意见: 系(教研室)主任: 年 月 日

英语毕业论文与翻译相关

毕业论文外文翻译:将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。

翻译要求:

1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章,可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。

3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上,从外文文章起始处开始翻译,不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译,翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的,并非中国的。

原文就是指原作品,原件,即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。

译文就是翻译过来的文字,如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本,这个中文版本就称为译文。

主要标准

翻译是语际交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁。一般来说,翻译的标准主要有两条:忠实和通顺。

忠实

是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息,也就是说,把原文的信息完整并且准确地表达出来,使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。

通顺

是指译文规范、明白易懂,没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。

实践产生理论,欧美许多国家的翻译理论是五花八门的。从大的方面来看,可以分为两大派:一派是翻译可能论,一派是翻译不可能论。其实,完完全全百分之百的可能是没有的,完完全全百分之百的不可能也是没有的。

世界上一切翻译活动都是在这两个极端之间进行的。欧洲许多著名的人物,比如马丁·路德、M.阿诺德、.纽曼、.波斯特加特、H.白洛克、.诺克斯、V.那巴可夫等等,都对翻译提出了自己的理论。据《开塞尔世界文学百科全书》的意见,这些理论中有些是刚愎自用的。

跟自己专业相关就可以,用谷歌搜一篇跟你专业相关论文,然后再想翻译就可以了

有很多啊 一下供你参考英汉翻译方向On Foreignization and Domestication of Cultural Factors in Translation(浅谈翻译中文化因素的异化和归化)On Treatment of Cultural Factors in Translation (翻译中文化差异的处理方法)On English Translation of Public Signs in Chinese (汉英公示语的翻译)On Translation of English Names of Commendation (英语商品名称的翻译)The relationship between Cultural Difference and Translation Skill 中英文化差异与翻译技巧An Approach to the Translation of Poetic Image诗歌翻译的意象问题探讨A Study of the Chinese Version of Titles of English Films英语电影片名汉译研究A Study of the Chinese Version of Titles of English Novels英语小说题目的汉译问题A Comparative Study of the English Version of the Poem “ Untitled “ by Li Shangyin李商隐的诗〈无题〉的英译比较研究Foreignization and Translation of IdiomsOn Culture Translation under ForeignizationOn Faithfulness in TranslationOn Fidelity and Expressiveness in TranslationInterpreting and Interpreting SkillsOn Literal Translation and Free TranslationThe Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English IdiomsEquivalence and its Application in Translation Cultural Equivalence in TranslationLearning a Foreign Language Through TranslationArts in Verse TranslationA Comparative Study of Two English Version of Hong Lou MengOn Translating the Passive VoiceOn the Translation of English Long SentencesThe Social and Cultural Factors in Translation PracticeThe Application of Functional Equivalence in English and Chinese Cross-cultural TranslationExploring English-Chinese Audiovisual TranslationOn Chinese Translation of Journalistic EnglishOn the Criteria of InterpretationOn the Unit of TranslationThe Cultural Differences and Arts of Translation in Advertising LanguageOn Transformation between Parts of Speech in E-C TranslationExploring Substitution and Ellipsis in TranslationOn English Proverbs TranslationOn the Criteria of TranslationThe Analysis of Translation StyleCultural Differences and Translation StrategiesTranslation and Foreign Language YeachingChinglish in C-E YranslationA Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Allusions and their TranslationEnglish Neologisms in Newspaper and their TranslationOn Translation of Humor in Pride and PrejudiceOn Features of Journalistic English and its TranslationCultural Discrepancies and their Influences on TranslationEnglish and Chinese Translation Song lyricsTranslation of Address Term between English and ChineseOn the Importance of Context in TranslationOn the Translation of English Pun into ChineseThe Role of Dictionary in TranslationThought Pattern and its Influence on TranslationLexical Characteristics of Legal English and Legal Lexicon TranslationFeatures of Foreign Trade English and its Translation ModelOn Euphemism TranslationTranslation of Metaphor from English into ChineseFeatures of Tourism English and its Translation翻译中的文化因素影视字幕翻译的原则影响长句翻译的因素例析英译汉中形象语言的处理生活中广告英语的翻译特色对翻译原则“以信为本,求真求美”的思考翻译中的中国英语与中国式英语南昌旅游景点中英翻译错误及纠错对策背景知识在口、笔译中所扮演的角色分析商务英语翻译的不对等性

好办,翻译是双语,双文,双文化的产物。因此,好的翻译只能脱裤子放屁重复学习同样的知识技能。比如物理学,在中国物理大学毕业,还要在美国达到物理大学毕业水平,也只能翻译英中/中英的物理大学毕业水平以下的资料,硕士/博士级别的,根本就别想了!是不是一个重要的题目?

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