关于企业管理的论文5000字开头

1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。　　2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）　　3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。　　4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。　　主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。　　5、论文正文：　　（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义，并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。　　〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：　　提出-论点；　　分析问题-论据和论证；　　解决问题-论证与步骤；　　结论。　　6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。　　中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：　　（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。　　（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

一般5000字数的企业管理论文算是中文核心期刊级别的论文了，这类论文要求比较高，建议你多参考几篇高质量的学术论文，你搜下：普刊学术中心，上面很多各个领域的学术论文提供，可以参考下看下有没有具备参考价值的论文。

5000字啊，谁会干啊，

想的挺好，20分5000字的论文，还企业管理，呵呵

关于企业管理的论文5000字开头英文

Enterprise Management IncentivesA guide for employees， employers and advisersThis guidance aims to take you through the qualifying requirements for Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs) It is divided into sections which explain each part of the legislation contained in Schedule 5 Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act Detailed points are covered in a question and answer It also explains some key terms Unless otherwise stated， the statutory references in this guidance are to the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003， and the abbreviations ITEPA 2003 and Sch 5 have been used Remember that if you grant EMI options you may also have to consider other laws and For example， there may be company law and regulatory requirements to comply Such matters are not covered in this guide so you should consider whether you need to take relevant professional The information contained here is for guidance EMI options must at all times comply with the provisions of Schedule 5 ITEPA What’s in this guidance * What are Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs)? * How EMIs work * Qualifying companies * What makes an employee eligible? * About the options * Notification of grants of options * Income tax and National Insurance contributions * Capital gains tax * What happens when a company reorganises? * Useful contacts * EMI terms explainedWhat are Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs)?EMIs are tax advantaged share They are designed to help small， higher risk companies recruit and retain employees who have the skills to help them grow and They are also a way of rewarding employees for taking a risk by investing their time and skills to help small companies achieve their How EMIs workTax advantaged share options with a market value of up to £100，000 may be granted to a qualifying employee of a qualifying company， subject to a total share value of £3 million under EMI options to all The shares must be in an independent trading company that has gross assets of no more than £30 The grant of the option is tax-free and there will normally be no tax or National Insurance contributions (NICs) for the employee to pay when the option is There will normally be no NICs charge for the If the shares are sold at a gain， any capital gains tax (CGT) charge may be reduced because taper relief will normally start from the date that the option is The employer must notify HMRC of an award of EMI options within 92 days of the grant of the Throughout this guidance all references to employer are to the employing How companies qualify for EMIFor companies to qualify they must have maximum gross assets of no more than £30 million; for groups， this applies to the assets of the group as a The company whose shares are the subject of the option must be independent， and the company or group must be Companies carrying on certain trades will not There is more detail on qualifying How options qualify for tax relief under EMIIf an option is to qualify for tax relief: * the option has to be notified to HMRC in time and as required * the company whose shares are under option has to be a qualifying company * the type of share under option has to qualify * the employee has to be eligible * the terms of the option have to What makes an employee eligibleTo qualify for EMI an employee has to be employed by the company whose shares are the subject of the option， or by a An employee must spend at least 25 hours a week working for the company or the If his hours are shorter， he must spend at least 75% of his working time working as an employee for the company or There are more details on employee How EMIs workThis section outlines the main requirements for options to qualify under EMI， they are: * the purpose of the option * the maximum entitlement of the employee and * the overall limit on options to be granted by the The purpose of the optionThe options must be granted for commercial reasons to recruit or retain employees in a company， and not as part of an arrangement one of the main purposes of which is to avoid (Para 4 Sch 5)Can a company cancel existing options and replace them with EMI options?If the option is granted to recruit or retain employees the purpose test is This will depend on the facts and all the Maximum entitlementNo employee may hold unexercised qualifying EMI options with a market value of more than £100， The market value is taken at the date of The value to be used is the unrestricted market value， that is， the value of shares under option without taking into account any restrictions or the risk of forfeitureIf an option granted to an employee causes the £100，000 limit to be exceeded， the excess will not qualify as an EMI Are there limits on the number of qualifying options that an employee may be Granted within a particular period?Y Once an employee has been granted EMI， or EMI and Company Share Option Plan (CSOP) options up to the £100，000 limit， he must wait until 3 years after the last of these options was granted before he can be granted any more EMI qualifying options， even if he has exercised or released some of the He can then be granted further EMI options to the extent that any other EMI or CSOP options then held by him are below the £100，000 (Para 6 Sch 5)How are shares valued for the purposes of the £100，000 limit?The market value of any shares for this purpose is the price they might reasonably be expected to fetch on the open market， free from any restrictions or risk of forfeiture to which they may be If the shares under option are quoted on the London Stock Exchange， the market value is based on the prices on the Stock Exchange’s Daily Official L If shares are not quoted on the London Stock Exchange， the company may offer its own In that case， HMRC may enquire into the Alternatively， the company can ask HMRC Shares and Assets Valuation (SAV) to agree a valuation with them before the option is granted or whenever a valuation is Companies， or advisers， may find this If the exercise of the option is subject to performance conditions will this affect the determination of market value?N Performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the market value of the shares under Is there a limit on the number of employees who may hold EMI options?N Any number of employees may hold EMI options in a company or group， subject to a maximum of £3 million as the total value of shares under EMI option in a Qualifying CompaniesThis section sets out the conditions a company has to meet to qualify for EMI， they are: * independence * having only qualifying subsidiaries (including qualifying property managing subsidiaries after 17 March 2004) * gross assets * trading The requirements that companies have to meet for options to qualify under EMI are similar to the requirements for the Enterprise Investment Scheme， the Corporate Venturing Scheme and Venture Capital T However， both quoted and unquoted companies can qualify for EMIIndependenceA company whose shares are subject to EMI options must not be: * a 51% subsidiary (more than 50% of its ordinary share capital owned by another company)， or * controlled by another company (or another company and persons connected with it)Arrangements must not exist which could result in the company becoming a 51% subsidiary or otherwise being (Para 9 Sch 5)Control in this context means the power of one company to ensure that the affairs of another company whose shares are subject to EMI option are conducted in accordance with that company’s This may be through share ownership， voting power， or because of any powers conferred by Articles of Association or other Qualifying subsidiaries (before 17 March 2004)For options granted before 17 March 2004， all of a company’s subsidiaries must be qualifying That is， the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must: * possess， directly or indirectly， at least 75% of the share capital and the voting power of the subsidiary * be entitled to receive at least 75% of the assets of the subsidiary， in the event of a winding up or in any other circumstances， if they were all distributed * be entitled to at least 75% of profits of the subsidiary available for distribution to No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be If a subsidiary company itself has subsidiaries， shares will not qualify to be used in an EMI option unless all these subsidiaries are also qualifying subsidiaries， as defined Example 1Company A has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company B， and the same % rights to votes， assets and Company B is therefore a qualifying Company B has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company C， and the same % rights to votes， assets and Company C it also therefore a qualifying Company A meets the EMI requirements in relation to its Example 2Company X has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company Y， and the same % rights to votes， assets and Company Y is therefore a qualifying Company X also has a 60% shareholding in subsidiary company Z， and the same % rights to votes， assets and Company Z is not a qualifying Company X therefore fails to meets the EMI requirements， as not all of its subsidiaries are qualifying Qualifying subsidiaries (after 17 March 2004)For options granted on or after 17 March 2004 all of a company’s subsidiaries must be qualifying That is， the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must hold， directly or indirectly， more than 50% of the share capital of the (Para 11(2) Sch 5)No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be There is a further requirement if the company has subsidiaries that manage Qualifying property managing subsidiariesFor options granted on or after 17 March 2004， a company will not qualify if it has a property managing subsidiary which is not a 90% subsidiary of the (Para 11A(1) Sch 5)A property managing company is one whose business consists wholly or mainly in the holding of managing of land， buildings or interest in To be a qualifying property managing subsidiary， the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must: * possess， directly， at least 90% of the issued share capital and the voting power in the subsidiary * be entitled to receive at least 90% of the assets of the subsidiary， in the event of a winding up or in any other circumstances， if they were all distributed * be entitled to at least 90% of profits of the subsidiary available for distribution to No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be Gross assetsThe value of the company’s gross assets must not exceed £30 million at the date the EMI option is If the company is a member of a group of companies， the limits are applied to the gross assets of the group as a 由于篇幅有限，网址在这里-new-htm，你可以在那里看到完整。这是一篇关于企业管理的学术性文章。

Managing people effectively in extension programmes is a skill that requires constant planning and An extension programme manager can be defined as the person who is vested with formal authority over an organization or one of its sub He or she has status that leads to various interpersonal relations， and from this comes access to Information， in turn， enables the manager to devise strategies， make decisions， and implement action (Mintzberg， 1988) Management is concerned with the optimum attainment of organizational goals and objectives with and through other Extension management organizations are characterized by many strategies， wide spans of control， democracy， and Their management practices cannot be reduced to one standard set of operating guidelines that will work for all organizations However， all managers of professional organizations face the same challenge: to manage one's time， objectives， and resources in order to accomplish tasks and implement ideas (Waldron， 1994) Managers of extension programmes are painfully aware of the need for revision and development of the new skill sets held by today's high If change is not handled correctly， it can be more devastating then ever High performers reflect， discover， assess， and They know that a new focus on connecting the heads， hearts， and hands of people in their organization is Astute managers know what needs to be done but struggle with how to do Quite often they prefer to consider themselves as teachers or communicators rather than This results in under-utilization of the increasing amount of literature on management theory and The root of the problem is They must learn how to motivate others and build an efficient More formally defined， management is the process by which people， technology， job tasks， and other resources are combined and coordinated so as to effectively achieve organizational A process or function is a group of related activities contributing to a larger Management functions are based on a common philosophy and They centre around the following: Developing and clarifying mission， policies， and objectives of the agency or organization Establishing formal and informal organizational structures as a means of delegating authority and sharing responsibilities Setting priorities and reviewing and revising objectives in terms of changing demands Maintaining effective communications within the working group， with other groups， and with the larger community Selecting， motivating， training， and appraising staff Securing funds and managing budgets; evaluating accomplishments and Being accountable to staff， the larger enterprise， and to the community at large (Waldron， 1994b)The management functions listed above can be categorized by using the acronym POSDCORB (Bonoma & Slevin， 1978， from Gulick & Urwick， 1959): · Planning: outlining philosophy， policy， objectives， and resultant things to be accomplished， and the techniques for accomplishment · Organizing: establishing structures and systems through which activities are arranged， defined， and coordinated in terms of some specific objectives · Staffing: fulfilling the personnel function， which includes selecting and training staff and maintaining favourable work conditions · Directing: making decisions， embodying decisions in instructions， and serving as the leader of the enterprise · Coordinating: interrelating the various parts of the work · Reporting: keeping those to whom you are responsible， including both staff and public， informed · Budgeting: making financial plans， maintaining accounting and management control of revenue， and keeping costs in line with objectivesPlanningPlanning is the key management function of any extension It is the process of determining in advance what should be accomplished， when， by whom， how， and at what Regardless of whether it is planning long-term program priorities or planning a two-hour meeting， the planning aspect of management is the major contributor to success and Stated simply， "If you don't know where you are going， then you won't know when you have arrived!" Planning is the process of determining the organization's goals and objectives and making the provisions for their It involves choosing a course of action from available Planning is the process of determining organizational aims， developing premises about the current environment， selecting the course of action， initiating activities required to transform plans into action， and evaluating the The types of planning that managers engage in will depend on their level in the organization and on the size and type of the Generally there are four major types of planning exercises: strategic， tactical， contingency， and Strategic planning involves determining organizational goals and how to achieve This usually occurs at the top management Tactical planning is concerned with implementing the strategic plans and involves middle and lower Contingency planning anticipates possible problems or changes that may occur in the future and prepares to deal with them effectively as they arise (Marshall， 1992) Managerial planning is usually considered as microlevel It helps in combining resources to fulfil the overall objectives of the extension A needs assessment may initiate a need for developing a The planning process begins with the creation of a philosophy that consists of statements describing the values， beliefs， and attitudes of the Its mission statement is a proclamation of its purpose or reason for After the philosophy and mission statements have been established， various goals and objectives are Goals are usually general statements that project what is to be accomplished in the An objective is a concrete statement describing a specific Policies are predetermined guides to decision making; they establish boundaries or limits within which action may be Managers are related to policy formation in two First， they play a crucial role in implementing organizational policies that have been established by higher Second， they create policies within their departments as guides for their own work Procedures outline the series of steps to be followed when carrying out a designed policy or taking a particular course of Rules are used to provide final and definite Usually they are Planning is designing the future， anticipating problems， and imagining In short， planning is essential for anyone who wants to The functions of organizing， leading， staffing， and budgeting are means of carrying out the decisions of Everyone is a planner - a planner of meals， of work time， Of vacations， of Formal planning， however， distinguishes managers from non-managers， effective managers from ineffective Formal planning forces managers to think of the future， to set priorities， to encourage creativity， to articulate clear objectives， and to forecast the future in terms of anticipated problems and political Long-Range Planning Long-range planning is vitally important in that it focuses attention on crucial future issues which are vitally important to the It involves studying societal trends and issues， surveying current and anticipated learners' needs， and being aware of long-term research directions and changes in Many extension workers may think that such management is beyond their level of authority， control， or They may feel that such management is the prerogative of the director， the deputy minister， or the However， while senior levels of management must be involved， those who implement the objectives resulting from long-range planning should also be

您好：在企业经营活动中，物流是渗透到各项经营活动之中的活动。物流成本就是用金额评价物流活动的实际情况。现代物流成本是指从原材料供应开始一直囊括到将商品送达到消费者手上所发生的全部物流费用。由于物流成本没有被列入企业的财务会计制度，制造企业习惯将物流费用计入产品成本，商业企业则把物流费用与商品流通费用混在一起。因此，无论是制造企业还是商业企业，不仅难以按照物流成本的内涵完整地计算出物流成本，而且连已经被生产领域或流通领域分割开来的物流成本，也不能单独真实地计算并反映出来。无论是企业物流还是物流企业，如何对自身物流资源进行优化配置，如何实施管理和决策，以期用最小的成本带来最大的效益，都是它们所面临的最重要问题之一。物流被看作是制造企业最后的也是最有希望降低成本、提高效益的环节。企业物流总成本对物流成本进行分类可以向管理者提供更多对决策产生影响的细节问题，但企业的物流活动是按照功能的不同来组织进行的，如订单处理、运输等，而且大多数企业采用帐户划分成本，物流成本无法单独列示，因此，划分物流成本任务艰巨。企业物流成本是指企业进行采购、销售、生产等与物流相关活动的成本总和。物流总成本是企业管理物流运作的重要指标，如何在不降低服务水平的前提下，降低物流总成本是企业的一项经营目标。运输成本：运输成本是指企业对原材料在制品以及成品的所有运输活动所造成的费用，包括直接运输费用和管理费用。为降低物流总成本需要严格控制在运输方面的开支，加强对运输的经济核算。存货持有成本：一般来说，存货可以占到制造商资产的20%以上。存货持有成本有些概念区分模糊，难以确定，所以，目前许多公司只是以当前的银行利率乘以存货价值再加上其它一些费用，作为存货持有成本。实际上，存货持有成本包括存货资金占用成本、存货服务成本、存货风险成本和调价损失等。仓储成本：大多数仓储成本不随存货水平变动而变动，而是随存储地点的多少而变。仓储成本包括仓库租金、仓库折旧、设备折旧、装卸费用、货物包装材料费用和管理费等。批量成本：批量成本包括生产准备成本、物料搬运成本、计划安排和加速作业成本以及因转产导致生产能力丧失等。缺货损失：缺货成本是指由于不能满足客户订单或需求所造成的销售利润损失。订单处理及信息成本：订单处理是指从客户下订单开始到客户收到货物为止，这一过程中所有单据处理活动，与订单处理相关活动的费用属于订单处理费用。IT成本指与物流管理运作有关的IT方面的成本。包括软件折旧、系统维护及管理费用等。采购成本：采购成本指与采购原材料部件相关的物流费用。包括采购订单费用、采购计划制订人员的管理费用、采购人员管理费用等。其它管理费用：其它管理费用包括与物流管理及运作相关人员的管理费用。单项物流活动成本降低必将导致其它部分成本增加，处理不当，甚至有可能导致总成本的上升。物流总成本分析是进行一体化物流管理的关键，运用总成本分析法可以有效管理和实现真正意义上的降低成本。物流总成本是企业管理物流运作的主要指标，但物流总成本本身并不能反映企业的物流运作好坏。通过物流总成本的统计分析，使企业可以从全局的角度了解自身的物流运作现状，明确目前关键的瓶颈问题以及突破口，提出解决的方法，以提高企业整体的运作绩效。物流成本管理与控制企业经营的一个重要目标是以最小的投入换取最大的收益。而实现这一目标的最好途径是成本管理，物流成本的控制是对成本限额进行预算，将实际成本与目标成本限额加以比较，纠正存在的差异，提高物流活动的经济效益。一般地对物流成本加以控制可采用生产率标准、标准成本和预算检验物流绩效等方法。战略成本管理是一种全面性与可行性相结合的管理技术，使企业在产品企划与设计阶段就关注到将要制造的产品成本是多少，战略成本管理最关键的因素是目标成本。作业基准成本法（Activity-Based Costing，简称ABC法）就是一种战略成本管理方法，作业基准成本法由RCooper与RSKaplan在20世纪80年代末提出，所谓ABC法，是按照各项作业消耗资源的多少把成本费用分摊到作业，再按照各产品发生的作业多少把成本分摊到产品。利用ABC法可以改进优化作业链，减少作业消耗，提高作业质量，并在整个作业生命周期内进行战略成本管理。作业基准成本法不但是一种较为先进的成本计算方法，通过作业成本管理对企业战略成本进行管理，为物流实施流程再造、业绩评价等提供成本信息，也为企业进一步改进成本控制和战略性规划与决策提供了更为有利的依据和标准。通过对企业物流成本的分析，降低物流成本的基本途径有以下几种：通过效率化的配送来降低物流成本企业实现效率化的配送，减少运输次数，提高装载率及合理安排配车计划，选择最佳的运送手段，从而降低配送成本。利用物流外包降低企业物流成本，降低投资成本企业把物流外包给专业化的第三方物流公司，可以缩短商品在途时间，减少商品周转过程的费用和损失。有条件的企业可以采用第三方物流公司直供上线，实现零库存，降低成本。借助现代化的信息管理系统控制和降低物流成本在传统的手工管理模式下，企业的成本控制受诸多因素的影响，往往不易也不可能实现各个环节的最优控制。企业采用信息系统一方面可使各种物流作业或业务处理能准确，迅速的进行；另一方面通过信息系统的数据汇总，进行预测分析，可控制物流成本发生的可能性。加强企业职工的成本管理意识把降低成本的工作从物流管理部门扩展到企业的各个部门，并从产品开发、生产、销售全生命周期中，进行物流成本管理，使企业员工具有长期发展的“战略性成本意识”。对商品流通的全过程实现供应链管理使由生产企业、第三方物流企业、销售企业、消费者组成的供应链的整体化和系统化，实现物流一体化，使整个供应链利益最大化，从而有效降低企业物流成本。恕我不才，只能找到一篇论文了!深感歉意!Hello: In the business activities of enterprises， the logistics is infiltrated into various business activities of the Logistics cost is to use the amount of the logistics activities of the evaluation of the actual Modern logistics cost refers to the supply of raw materials from the beginning has been to include delivery of goods will reach consumers in the hands of all logistics The logistics cost was not included in the financial accounting system， manufacturers will be used to charge the cost of logistics product cost and commercial enterprises put the cost of the commodity distribution and logistics costs Therefore， whether it is manufacturing enterprises or commercial enterprises， in accordance with not only difficult to complete the connotation of logistics costs to calculate logistics costs， and even the production area or have been separated from the circulation areas of logistics costs， we can not separate true calculated and Whether the enterprise logistics or logistics enterprises， the logistics of its own to optimize the allocation of resources， and how to implement the management and decision-making， with a view to using the least possible cost and to maximize the benefits they are facing one of the most important Logistics be seen as a manufacturing enterprise is the last best hope to reduce costs and improve efficiency Total cost of logistics enterprises The logistics costs can be classified managers to provide more decision-making on the details of the impact， but the logistics enterprises in accordance with the functional activities to the different organizations， such as order processing， and transportation， and accounts of the majority of enterprises to adopt cost ， logistics costs can not be shown separately， therefore， the logistics costs of the task is Business Logistics refers to the cost of procurement， sales， production and logistics costs related activities Logistics is the total cost of the logistics operation of the enterprise management an important indicator of how not to reduce the level of services under the premise of reducing the total cost of logistics enterprises is a business Transport costs: transportation costs refers to the raw materials and finished products in all transport costs caused by the activities， including direct transport costs and management To reduce the total cost of logistics need to strictly control the expenditure in the transport， the transport of strengthening economic Inventory holding costs: Generally speaking， the stock can be accounted for manufacturers of more than 20% of Inventory holding costs of some fuzzy concept of distinction， it is difficult to determine， therefore， present many companies only to the current bank interest rate multiplied by the value of inventory with a number of other costs， as inventory holding In fact， inventory holding costs， including the amount of funds used inventory costs， inventory costs， inventory costs and the risk of price adjustment Warehousing costs: Most warehousing costs do not change with the change in inventory levels， but with the number of storage locations and Warehouse storage costs include rent， storage depreciation， equipment depreciation， cost of loading and unloading of goods packaging materials costs and management Volume Cost: Volume costs include production preparation costs， material handling costs， and accelerate plans for operating costs and loss of productivity because of changing products， such as Out losses: out because it is not cost refers to meet customer orders or demand caused by the sale of loss of Order processing and information costs: Order processing is under orders from customers start to the customer's receipt of the goods so far this process all receipts processing， order processing and related activities of the cost of order processing IT costs and logistics management refers to the operation of the cost of IT Including software depreciation， maintenance， and management Procurement costs: that the procurement cost components associated with the procurement of raw materials logistics Including the cost of purchase orders， procurement planning for the management of costs， procurement management， and so Other management costs: Other costs include management and logistics management and operation of relevant personnel management Single logistics activities will inevitably lead to lower costs of the rest of the cost increase， handled properly， it could even lead to the increase in the total The total cost of logistics for integrated logistics management is the key to use of the total cost analysis can be effective management and real sense of the lower Logistics is the total cost of operation of the logistics business management major indicators， but the total cost of logistics itself and does not reflect the quality of logistics The total cost of logistics through statistical analysis， so that enterprises can understand from the perspective of overall situation of their own logistics operation status quo， clearly present the key bottlenecks， as well as the breakthrough point， to propose solutions approach to improve the business performance of the overall Logistics Cost Management and Control Business is an important goal for the smallest investment income for the And the realization of this goal is the best way of managing the cost， logistics cost control is to limit the cost budget， the actual cost will limit with the target cost comparison， the difference between correct and improve the economic benefits of logistics Generally cost of the logistics can be controlled productivity standards， standard cost and budget performance test methods such as Strategic Cost Management is a comprehensive and feasibility of combining the management of technology， so that enterprises in the product planning and design stage will be to create concern that the cost of products， strategic cost management is the most crucial factor target Operating cost base (Activity-Based Costing， or ABC) is a strategic cost management， operating cost method from the baseline and RSKaplan R Cooper in the 20th century to the late 1980s， the so-called ABC method， in accordance with the Operating How many of the consumption of resources allocated to the cost of operations， in accordance with the product to the number of operations to the cost-sharing ABC method can be improved by optimizing operating chain， reduce operating consumption， improve quality of operations， and throughout the operating life cycle of strategic cost To benchmark the cost method is not only the cost of a more advanced method of calculating operating costs through strategic cost management for enterprise management， logistics for the implementation of process reengineering， performance evaluation to provide cost information， as well as enterprises to further improve cost control and strategic planning decision-making and a more favorable basis and Based on the analysis of enterprise logistics costs， reduce logistics costs of basic channels as follows: Through efficiency of the distribution companies to reduce logistics costs of the distribution of efficiency， reduce the number of transport， improving loading rate and reasonable arrangement with plans to choose the best means of transportation， thereby reducing distribution Logistics Outsourcing of logistics enterprises reduce costs， lower cost of the investment companies to outsource logistics to specialized third-party logistics companies， can shorten the transit time of goods and reduce the cost of goods turnover and Qualified enterprises can use third-party logistics companies直供on line to achieve zero inventory， and reduce With the modernization of information management systems to control and reduce logistics cost management in the traditional manual mode， the corporate cost control by many factors， not often can not be realized all aspects of the optimal On the one hand， enterprises will adopt various information systems logistics operations or business can accurately handle， expeditious conduct of the other through the information system of data collection， forecasting analysis， logistics costs can be controlled the Strengthen the management of enterprise workers awareness of the cost of the work to reduce costs from the expansion of the logistics management of the various departments and enterprises， and product development， production and sale of the entire life cycle， logistics cost management， and enable employees with long-term development "strategy Cost " On the whole process of realization of the commodities， supply chain management to the production enterprises， third-party logistics enterprises， and sales enterprise， consumer composed of the whole supply chain and systematized， and achieve logistics integration， the entire supply chain maximum benefits， thereby effectively reducing the cost of logistics I am afraid I Fucai， only to find a thesis! Very sorry!

关于企业管理的论文5000字开头怎么写

5000字？有点多》》不过#我##代￥￥￥写##论￥￥￥文

想的挺好，20分5000字的论文，还企业管理，呵呵

5000字不算多，自己随便写写就是勒

企业管理论文5000字开头

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组织文化建设在人力资源管理中的应用摘要：通过分析组织文化与人力资源管理之间的内在联系，提出建立优秀的组织文化对人力资源管理的积极促进作用，从而使组织文化更好地服务于组织建设，不断建立和完善科学的人力资源管理体系，以增强组织的凝聚力和竞争力。关键词：组织文化；人力资源；建设；机制组织文化是指控制组织内行为、工作态度、价值观以及关系设定的规范，即指组织成员的共同价值观体系，它使组织独具特色，区别于其它组织。当前，组织文化建设受到业界越来越高的关注度，其作用也日益彰显，被誉为促进组织发展的“源动力”和永保生机的“常青树”，因此，很多组织都把建设特色文化作为管理创新的一项重要内容。同样，人力资源的作用也被组织所重视，“人力资源是第一资源”、“最重要的生产要素”的观念也被组织所认同，“以人为本”的思想已成为人力资源管理的基本原则。如何正确处理好两者的关系，更好地发挥它们的作用，这里谈几点粗浅的看法。 1 人力资源管理是组织文化建设的重要内容，组织文化建设对人力管理起到积极的促进作用组织文化是以组织精神为核心，起到凝聚组织员工的归属感、积极性和创造性的作用，是组织在长期生产经营活动中，所培育形成的为广大员工所接受的并共同遵循的、具有先进性与个性的价值观和行为规范。人力资源管理与开发的出发点和落脚点就是突出人本管理，把人力资源管理开发进一步系统化、层次化，形成新型的管理机制和协调的运转机制，提升人力资源运行效率。所谓新型的管理机制，就是建立起以制度文化为基础的人力资源管理平台，积极创建学习型组织和优秀的员工团队，努力把人力资源提升为人才资源，形成有利于促进人才成长、有利于促进人才创新、有利于促进人才工作同组织发展相协调的工作格局。建立一套科学的组织文化与人力资源管理开发体系，最大限度地激发职工的积极性和创造性，已成为组织加快发展的必然选择。 2 组织文化建设必须服务于组织的人力资源管理和组织发展大计组织文化服务于组织，并为组织创造价值，但是，没有良好的组织文化，组织就没有长久的生命力。具有先进理念的组织文化，也必然具备了科学的人力资源管理理念，必定注重“以人为本”。优秀的组织文化将“以人为本”的理念渗透到员工的思想和行动中，员工自觉地规范自己的行为，自觉地与组织同呼吸、共命运，从而使组织获得一种源源不断的生命力，提高组织凝聚力。 1优秀的组织文化有利于形成良好的组织氛围，提高员工满意度，有利于吸引和留住人才。天时不如地利，地利不如人和。优秀的组织文化可以创造和谐、融洽的组织氛围和良好的人际关系，这样，无疑对增加员工积极性、保持和提高员工的积极性都有巨大的促进作用。因此，应加强管理者与员工的双向交流，让员工了解组织的发展规划，让管理层为员工树立良好的榜样。发挥非正式组织的积极作用，增加组织的凝聚力与向心力，让员工感到在本组织中工作是愉 wk_ad_begin({pid : 21});wk_ad_after(21， function(){$('ad-hidden')hide();}， function(){$('ad-hidden')show();}); 快的。 2优秀的组织文化应培养员工的创造精神和适应力，为人力资源改革创造有利条件。组织文化应倡导创新，提倡挑战，使员工树立一种“勇立潮头搏大浪”的闯劲，时刻为组织的发展和改革献计献策，不断促进技术和管理的创新。营造良好的改革组织内部环境，培养员工适应改革，主动参与和支持改革，这样就有利于人力资源改革以及新制度的贯彻执行，有利于实行竞争上岗，建立能者上、平者让、庸者下的人员流动机制；有利于以绩效为衡量标准的薪酬制度的实行，从而实现内部分配公平，避免优秀人才流失。 3优秀的组织文化可以规范员工的日常行为，并提高员工的主人翁责任感。优秀的组织文化容易被员工认同和接受，由于大家的认同，员工就会自觉地用组织的价值观和行为准则来规范和要求自己，由于组织文化和人力资源制度的交融，所以员工用组织文化规范了自己的行为，就是在自觉遵守组织制度，有利于发挥其主人翁责任感，从而更好地为组织的发展积极贡献力量。 3 建设优秀的组织文化，必须不断建立和完善科学的人力资源管理体系人力资源管理是组织文化的载体和支撑，是组织文化建设和执行的可靠保障。任何形式的组织文化都离不开制度的承载和支撑，如果没有制度的支撑，组织先进的理念就会悬在半空，将会难以贯彻实施；即使文化上倡导“以人为本”、鼓励员工奉献，但是，如果没有制度来保障，那么谁奉献谁吃亏，谁奉献谁倒霉，员工也不是傻瓜，奉献一次吃亏后，工作就不那么卖力了，而且在员工中将会造成极坏的影响。所以没有制度做支撑，组织文化理念也只是会成为一种摆设和“花瓶”。因此，我们就应该与组织管理建设、服务建设、生产管理建设一样，加强人力资源管理建设，为组织文化的执行提供载体和可靠保障。 1建立健全人力资源激励约束机制，科学管理和配置人力资源。组织的竞争归根结底是人才的竞争。要按照公开、平等、竞争、择优的原则，彻底打破身份界限，实行人才岗位竞聘制，真正形成“能者上，平者让，相形见绌者下”和“惟才是举、惟贤是用”的运行机制，为优秀人才的脱颖而出提供支持。在选人上，要建立“赛马机制”，树立“能力表现与实绩重于一切”的观念，讲经验，但不唯经验；讲文凭，但不唯文凭；真正把那些有真才实学、德才兼备的优秀人才放在组织合适的岗位上，实现人力资源的优化整合配置，让有不同专长的人才找到最合适的位置，为不同类型的专业人才提供人尽其才的发展空间。完善绩效考核目标体系，严格按绩用人、按绩付酬，形成充满生机与活力的用人激励约束机制。 2加强人力资源管理制度建设，加快组织的“法制化”进程，规范员工行为，并为组织文化的执行提供依据。组织制度文化是组织文化的重要组成部分，也是组织行为文化得以贯彻的保证。随着组织规模的扩大，很难再依靠某个领导来进行直接管理，必须建立健全各项人力资源管理制度，人力资源管理制度的制订取决于组织的人才观和价值观，这些制度就成为员工的行为准则和组织进行人力资源管理的依据。在市场经济条件下，如果只是从口号上鼓励员工为组织奉献，而缺失制度保障和物质激励，这种鼓励就会成为一种形式，最终将会被淘汰。因此，组织应该强化薪酬考核和激励体系建设，严格按照员工的绩效来核定其薪酬水平，谁做的多、对组织贡献大，谁获得的报酬就丰厚，这远比单纯的喊口号、贴标语鼓励员工奉献有效率，也最能激发员工的工作热情，提高员工的工作效率，从而促进组织效益的提高，员工就能自觉遵守组织文化，促使员工的行为与组织的文化导向保持一致。 3加强员工教育培训，强化组织文化灌输，增加员工对组织文化的认同感。全面加强员工的素质教育，既要提高文化素质，又要提高思想素质，尤其要加强政治思想教育和职业道德及提高业务水平教育。广泛开展员工职业道德和提高业务水平教育，规范员工行为，是组织文化建设的一项重要工作。要切实把职业道德和业务水平教育作为提高员工队伍素质，加强组织文化建设的重要组成部分，要不断探索新的工作规律、新的教育方式、新的活动载体，例如出外培训、联欢、旅游等，努力使员工培训工作更加生动活泼、丰富多彩、扎实有效。通过培训，为员工提供交流沟通，提高自身素质的平台，让员工了解组织文化的精髓，认识其重要性，培养员工该做什么、不该做什么的习惯，增加员工对组织文化的认同感和组织归属感及忠诚度，使员工将个人的前途与组织的发展联系在一起，使员工的个人价值得到充分的体现，从而激发员工的工作热情和积极性。 4进一步强化各级管理者在组织文化建设中的示范作用。各级管理者是组织人力资源的一个重要组成部分，在组织文化建设中担当着培育者、倡导者、组织者、指导者和示范者的角色。很多单位的组织文化，也是在通过公开表彰一批在各个岗位上的优秀人才后逐步形成的。这从另一侧面，强调了管理者在人力资源管理和组织文化建设中的特殊作用。各级管理者在倡导和推行新观念及行为方式时，不能单纯凭自己作为领导者所拥有的法定权和强制权，主要地靠自身的影响力，靠自己所具备的人格力量、知识专长、经营能力、优良作风和领导艺术以及对新组织文化的身体力行，躬身垂范，去持久地影响和带动员工，使员工看到这种新观念和行为方式能给组织带来发展，给员工个人带来更大的利益。因此，各级管理者的特质、个人魅力、工作风格等均对组织文化建设产生重大影响。总之，随着组织改革加强和现代组织制度建立的需要，必须把人力资源管理与组织文化建设有机地结合起来，才能增强组织的竞争力，保持组织的可持续和蓬勃发展。

关于企业管理有效沟通的探讨【摘要】沟通体制是企业管理体系的神经系统，正确了解沟通过程以及影响沟通的因素，对于如何在工作中利用适当的沟通方式达到有效沟通，以提高工作绩效有着重要的意义。文章对企业管理有效沟通过程进行了分析，并如何实现组织有效沟通提出了见解。【关键词】沟通；有效沟通；沟通过程和要素；沟通障碍；有效沟通方式一、沟通概述沟通的简单定义是指信息和思想在两个和两个以上的主体与客体之间传递和交流的过程。有效沟通是指通过沟通的过程，使信息真实迅速地得到交流，并使组织中需要此信息的个体达成共识，完成沟通所要求达到的目的。沟通的有效性包括速度、范围、以及沟通目的等。沟通体制是企业管理体系的神经系统。企业的运作如同人体的行动，需要各个部位很好地协作才能完成预定的动作，达到思想所要求的目标。比如我们要拿起一个杯子，大脑发出指令，通过眼睛（视觉）、手臂（传达）、手（触觉）的信息收集确定杯子位置、大小等信息，大脑得到反馈信息后制定行动方案，身体各部位在相互配合的情况下执行任务，完成拿起一个杯子的动作。这个过程就是一个沟通的过程，而且是一个有效的沟通过程，人体各部位的信息通过人体的神经系统互相传递，使思想力和行动力得到了统一。如果在这个过程中，身体的其中一个部位没有进行协调作业，比如眼睛突然失明或者手臂抽筋，导致没有完成拿起一个杯子的任务，我们就可以把这个过程称之为无效沟通。企业的各个部门也如同身体的各个部位，需要很好地进行协作与协调，所以只有信息良好、充分地传递和有效的沟通，互相一致协作才能达成企业的战略目标。正确地了解了沟通过程以及影响沟通的因素，对于我们如何在工作中利用适当的沟通方式达到有效沟通，以提高工作绩效有着重要的意义。二、沟通的过程沟通的过程如下图所示：图中，我们可以看到沟通过程包含信息传送者编码、接收者译码、信息反馈、沟通背景、沟通噪音，信息通（渠）道等六个要素。信息传送者必须把他所需要传送的信息1进行适当编码，通过沟通通道进行信息传递。接收者收到信息代码后进行译码，即正确还原成信息2，然后进行必要的反馈。在反馈中，接收者和传送者的角色进行了对换，因此，管理沟通过程是一个双向的互动的闭环过程，而不是一个单向简单的信息传送过程。同时，在管理沟通过程当中，还存在着沟通背景及沟通噪音这两大要素的影响。（一）信息编码与译码。信息编码也就是信息发送者选择表达方式和内容，将信息与意义符号化。译码则恰恰与之相反，将符号还原，并理解其信息内容与含义的过程。其中，代码体系和信息背景的一致性值得注意，沟通主体在编码、译码过程中必须充分考虑到对方的经验背景、注重内容、符号的可读性等等。（二）沟通通（渠）道。沟通通（渠）道的选择会影响信息传送的速度、有效性和完整性。除了传统的沟通通（渠）道，现已被企业利用的管理沟通电子渠道有：即时通讯工具、共享数据库、电子邮件、内联网等一些新渠道。（三）沟通反馈。反馈是指接收者把收到并理解了的信息返送给发送者，以便发送者对接收者是否正确理解信息进行核实。没有反馈，发送者就无法确认发送的信息是否已经得到有效的译码、理解和执行。（四）沟通背景。沟通总是在一定的历史、地理、政治、经济、文化背景中发生的，任何形式的管理沟通，都会受到各种内外环境因素的影响。企业管理沟通的背景有心理背景、物理背景、社会背景和文化政治背景等几个方面。（五）沟通噪音。沟通噪音是指一切影响有效沟通的消极、负面、阻碍因素，它存在于管理沟通过程中的各个环节，主要包括发送噪音、传输噪音、接收噪音、系统噪音、环境噪音、背景噪音及数量噪音等。沟通的过程是信息正确传达、接收、反馈的过程，而有效沟通的过程则是：沟通过程达成共识产生对策并达成沟通的目标。有效沟通是在保证沟通闭环过程完成的条件下，还要用沟通的结果来评估，看是否达成了共识，同时产生对策并达到沟通的目标。企业有效沟通的障碍基本就是由管理要素的各个阶段发生选择或者实施的不合理，以及沟通噪音的干扰等造成。如果要保证沟通的有效性，前提是沟通要素在沟通过程中的合理控制运用。三、影响企业管理沟通有效性的因素沟通看起来不难，但如何才能做到有效地沟通，却不是一件简单的事。实际沟通中会发生很多沟通障碍和影响沟通有效性的因素，从沟通范围来分有个人因素、人际因素、结构因素。（一）个人因素。个人因素包括个体的个性差异、个体的心理素质、对信息的态度、知觉选择偏差、个体基本沟通能力等。个性差异所引起的障碍。信息沟通在很大程度上受个人心理因素的制约，个体的性质、气质、态度、情绪、见解、语音语调等因素，都会成为信息沟通的障碍。个体的心理素质所引起的障碍。比如下级的畏惧感、上级的权威影响以及个人心理品质也会造成沟通障碍。对信息的态度不同所造成的障碍。一方面是认识的差异，沟通主体忽视信息作用的现象还很普遍，这就为沟通造成了很大的障碍。另一方面是利益观念，不同的组织成员对信息有不同的看法，所选择的侧重点也不相同。很多组织成员只关心与物质利益有关的信息，而忽视组织目标、管理决策等方面的信息。知觉选择偏差所造成的障碍。客观因素如发送的信息各个部分的强度不同，对接收人的价值也不同，致使部分信息容易为人接收，另一部分则被忽视。由于主观因素与个人心理品质有关，在接收或转述一个信息时，符合自己需要的、与自己有切身利害关系的自然容易被接收；而对自己不利的、或者与己无关的，则往往容易被忽略。个体基本的沟通能力如记忆不佳、口齿不清、沟通技巧等所造成的沟通障碍。（二）人际因素。沟通双方的相互信任程度。沟通双方的诚意和相互信任至关重要，在组织沟通中，同一事件当信息来源不同时，信息接收者通常会对来源的信息所产生的信赖程度不一。沟通双方的相似程度。沟通双方的特征，包括性别、年龄、智力、种族、社会地位、兴趣、价值观、能力、知识、经验水平等差距太大，都会导致沟通的障碍。（三）组织结构因素。组织地位高低、信息传递链设置、团体规模等结构因素都会对有效沟通产生影响。组织机构庞杂、层次太多、业务流程混乱、分工不明、形成多头领导、因人设事、人浮于事，不仅容易使信息传递出现失真现象，也影响了信息的及时性和效率。组织中、部门间沟通的障碍。在一个企业里，设有若干职能部门，诸如生产部、销售部、研究开发部、财务部等。市场导向要求企业所有部门承担起信息传递的不同任务，形成整体作战，但在以经营业绩为评价指标的体系中，各部门很容易从自身利益出发，造成各部门的决策差异，甚至不认同其他部门的决策。同样，在长期固化的组织结构中，各部门自然会产生占地为王的潜意识，形成部门间沟通壁垒。四、实现组织有效沟通的方法途径阐述了沟通过程和沟通障碍的因素后，我们再来探讨如何在企业管理中实现有效的沟通。企业管理要达到有效沟通必须对沟通过程中的六个要素进行控制和对沟通中可能出现的障碍进行排除。实现组织有效沟通可以有以下几种途径：（一）培训。培训是实现组织有效沟通的重要方法，基本可以使个体和组织对沟通过程的六大要素产生有意识的控制，也能对沟通障碍中的个人因素和人际因素进行预防。沟通技巧的培训。如语言、行为信息的输入输出技巧，可以使信息有效地表达和倾听。通过调整个体的气质、态度、情绪、见解、语音语调、心理素质、沟通心态等因素培养个体的沟通能力，使个体在沟通过程中及时准确的发送、接收、反馈信息，控制噪音干扰。企业文化培训。对沟通而言，它能整合沟通要素中的信息背景，减少背景噪音，形成沟通主体较为稳定的价值取向、思维模式、心理结构，保证良好的沟通背景，也使人际因素中的信任度、相似性、认同感增强。（二）组织沟通环境的营造。组织沟通环境的营造越来越影响企业管理中的有效沟通。扁平型组织结构。具有较少层次的扁平型组织结构是现代企业管理的发展趋势，它可以缩短信息传递链、拓宽沟通渠道、避免信息传递链过长而失真，有利于信息的有效沟通。领导者要充分认识到沟通对实现组织目标的重要性，领导企业建设良好的企业文化和沟通环境，统一人员的价值观、思维模式、心理结构，例如实行“走动管理”、“Open Door”等，给予成员鼓励、信任、勇气，营造健康、平等、轻松的沟通环境。清楚的沟通体制保证企业的运作，其方式以下表《企业内部信息沟通程序》（已简化）为例：非正式沟通，满足组织成员感情的需要，企业需要建立员工对话机制、员工建议制度、员工满意度调查、内部共享数据库、高层沟通机制、会议管理制度等。同时，要注重各种沟通方式在企业管理中需要有具体的规定，比如建立会议管理制度，就必须制定会议准备、主持，保证会议沟通的有效。（三）沟通渠道的选择。渠道的选择是指传播信息的媒体选择。现如今，有非常多的信息沟通渠道都可以选择，企业管理要注重分析沟通目的和内容，以选择合适的渠道来达成有效沟通。书面或口头采用书面沟通渠道的情况是：需要保存记录，处理大量细节问题，采用精确用词的时候，如文稿、邮件等。采用口头沟通渠道的情况是：需要丰富的表达效果，在严谨度不高，并不须记录时，如面谈、电话等。正式或非正式正式沟通适用于条款、制度的商议，事实的表达，如备忘录、建议书、通告、正式文件、合同等。非正式沟通适用于获取新的观念和知识的场合，如电子邮件、互动研讨会、即时通讯工具等。个体或群体个体沟通适用于个人关系的构造，获知他人的反应，交流属于隐私和机密的信息。个别谈话，沟通双方可以发掘出对方许多不知道的信息，也是双方协商工作方式、共同订立工作目标的机会。沟通方式可选择面谈、即时通讯、电子邮件等。群体沟通则适用于团体关系或形象构建，取得团体的反应，确保组织中的每个成员都能同时接收、理解、共享相关的信息。可选择会议、通告、即时通讯的聊天组群、电子邮件群发等来完成。五．结语沟通在各种组织中已经变得越来越重要，信息的传递，问题的解决，都要依赖畅通有效的沟通过程。如同神经系统将各种知觉在各个部件间快速的传递，组织的各个单位通过各种有效的沟通方式和渠道，使各种信息与思想在组织中迅速地传送，形成整体的灵活、敏锐、协调及统一。管理和沟通都是自然科学和社会科学的混合体。沟通是管理的实现方式，通过有效的沟通使各种资源能够综合利用，发挥出最大的效益，为组织、组织成员、社会创造更大的价值。【参考文献】[1]李培煊管理学[M]北京：中国铁道出版社，[2]张玉静如何加强企业内部的有效沟通[N]市场报，

企业管理学论文5000字开头

工商企业管理专业主要学习管理学、经济学和企业管理的基本理论和基本知识，受到企业管理方法与技巧方面的基本训练，具有分析和解决企业管理问题的基本能力。　　毕业后具备的知识与能力：　　　掌握管理学、经济学的基本原理和现代企业管理的基本理论、基本知识；　　掌握企业管理的定性、定量分析方法；　　具有较强的语言与文字表达、人际沟通以及分析和解决企业管理工作和问题的基本能力；　　熟悉我国企业管理的有关方针、政策和法规以及国际企业管理的惯例与规则；　　了解本学科的理论前沿和发展动态；　　掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法，具有初步的科学研究和实际工作能力。我们定做

朋友您什么时候要呢，是专科的，本科的，硕士还是博士的？有什么具体的要求吗？

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