欧洲文化艺术论文选题背景及意义
文艺复兴推动了欧洲文化街思想领域的繁荣，为欧洲资本主义社会的产生奠定了思想文化基础
文艺复兴是14～16世纪反映西欧各国正在形成中的资产阶级要求的思想、文化运动。其主要中心最初在意大利，16世纪扩及德意志、尼德兰、英国、法国和西班牙等地。“文艺复兴”的概念在14～16世纪时己被意大利的人文主义作家和学者所使用。该词源自意大利文“Rinascita”，一般多写为法文“Renaissance”。它概括了乔托以来的文艺活动的特点，被世界各国沿用至今。中国曾有人直译为“再生”或“再生运动”，但“文艺复兴”的译法己被普遍接受。当时人们认为，文艺在希腊、罗马古典时代曾高度繁荣，但在中世纪“黑暗时代”却衰败湮没，直到14世纪以后才获得“再生”与“复兴”。因此，文艺复兴着重表明了新文化以古典为师的一面，但它并非单纯的古典复兴，实际上是反封建的新文化的创造。文艺复兴主要表现在科学、文学和艺术的普遍高涨，但因各国的社会经济和历史条件不同，在各国带有各自的特征。 意大利文艺复兴 13世纪末14世纪初，意大利在欧洲最早产生资本主义萌芽；但由于政治、经济发展不平衡，先进地区只限于少数几个城市，尤以佛罗伦萨、威尼斯为最。地处意大利中部的佛罗伦萨出现了以毛织、银行、布匹加工业等为主的七大行会，它们不仅控制佛罗伦萨的经济，也直接掌握城市政权。佛罗伦萨的最高权力机构——长老会议的成员只能由七大行会从其会员中遴选，贵族被剥夺参政权，广大工人处于无权地位。在这种政治、经济背景下的佛罗伦萨，成为意大利乃至整个欧洲的文艺复兴发源地和最大中心。
我是外语学院的，我们经常搞这些，记得上铺写过这么一篇，给分吧，我晚上问问
文艺复兴是14-16世纪时期欧洲新兴的资产阶级在文学，艺术，哲学和自然科学等领域开展的一场文化运动。意大利是文艺复兴的发源地，文艺复兴的意思是“在希腊，罗马古典规范的影响下，艺术与文学的复兴或新生”。文艺复兴给欧洲大陆带来了新的人文及社会理念，那就是注重人性的价值，开始了自由民主的社会潮流，由于自然科学技术的不断进步，资本主义经济开始在欧洲萌芽，基督教的神权思想束缚被打破，人们迫切要求看到表现自己生活的新艺术，同期古希腊罗马遗址的发现出土，人们开始出现向往古代文化的心情。文艺复兴使欧洲的科学，文化出现了前所未有的繁荣。文艺复兴最早在意大利开始是14—16世纪，影响到欧洲其它国家是15—17世纪。
欧洲文化艺术论文选题背景和意义
文艺复兴推动了欧洲文化街思想领域的繁荣，为欧洲资本主义社会的产生奠定了思想文化基础
文艺复兴是14-16世纪时期欧洲新兴的资产阶级在文学，艺术，哲学和自然科学等领域开展的一场文化运动。意大利是文艺复兴的发源地，文艺复兴的意思是“在希腊，罗马古典规范的影响下，艺术与文学的复兴或新生”。文艺复兴给欧洲大陆带来了新的人文及社会理念，那就是注重人性的价值，开始了自由民主的社会潮流，由于自然科学技术的不断进步，资本主义经济开始在欧洲萌芽，基督教的神权思想束缚被打破，人们迫切要求看到表现自己生活的新艺术，同期古希腊罗马遗址的发现出土，人们开始出现向往古代文化的心情。文艺复兴使欧洲的科学，文化出现了前所未有的繁荣。文艺复兴最早在意大利开始是14—16世纪，影响到欧洲其它国家是15—17世纪。
Abstract: America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that， American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence， did Americans realized that they need national literature strongly， and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history， after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics， which emphasized individualism and intuition and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring， there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature， and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence of Civil War， the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life， critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War， Americans were at a loss postwar， and the Modern American literature Keywords: National Literature， Romanism， Transcendentalism， Local Color， Realism， Modern literature 摘要： 从殖民地时期起，欧洲殖民者和清教徒翻开了美国文学史的第一页。 这往后很长一段时期， 美国文学一直都受到欧洲文化的很大 影响 。一直到美国独立后，美国人强烈地感觉到了民族文学的需要，美国的民族文学开始 发展 。 南北战争是美国文学史上一个分水岭， 战后美国文学进入了一个全盛时期，产生了强调个性主义和直觉的早期浪漫主义，和以爱默生为代表的超验主义文学。爱默生的 时代 是美国前所未有的文学变动时代，产生了一大批优秀的作家和作品。 他们突出地给予了当时美国文学以深度和力量，也促进了罗曼主义高潮的来临。但是由于战争的影响， 社会 动荡不安，这时的作品更注重于揭示社会的阴暗面， 同时美国的民族文学进一步发展，创作出许多带有本土色彩和批判现实主义的作品。 一战后，美国人陷入战后的茫然， 美国也开始进入了 现代 文学阶段。 关键词： 民族文学， 浪漫主义， 超验主义， 本土色彩， 现实主义， 现代文学 American is a multi-national Just like a big container， which put in various kinds of Different cultures， that can not only be co-existed but also form a sharp contrast， mixed together， It makes American literature style has a flavor of distinct and various aesthetic Many writers come from lower level， which makes American literature has the rich flavor of life and local Furthermore， many new styles of literature in the world are oriented in America since 20th The process of American literature can be divided into following main periods: Colony and Puritan literature; early national literature; latter national literature and Modern America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that， American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence， did Americans realize that they need national literature strongly， and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history， after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics， which emphasized individualism and intuition，and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring， there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature， and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence if Civil War， the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life， critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War， Americans were at a loss postwar， and the Modern American literature Colonial and early American literature (1) Travelers and Explorers When the European explorers first came to this new continent， the native Indians who probably got here from Asia about fifteen thousand years ago were still in origin， and they even had no written language， “The traditional literature was originally transmitted almost entirely by word of mouth， and therefore belongs to the category of oral literature，” (Wu Dingbo， 1) As time past， more and more travelers and explorers swarmed They wrote a lot of diaries、letters， and travel accounts to describe the new land as second E No wander somebody said that the earliest American literature were the travel accounts written by European Among the most remained were Captain John Smith’s True Relation of Virginia (1608)， and Description of New England (1616) Although most of the Indian history was preserved in tales and songs， they had thoughts about life and They loved the natural world around them deeply， and they believed that when a person was dead， he would give back what had borrowed while he was alive to This kind of philosophy had influenced later or even modern American It’s interesting that when we look at the literature of the Puritans， the Transcendentalists， the Naturalists， and even the Moderns， when we read Anne Bradstreet， Emily Dickinson， Stephen Crane， and Ernest Hemingway， we can find similar (2) Pilgrim settlements Several years later， another group of settlers also arrived in the New W This group was looking for the Jamestown However ， because of bad navigation， they landed in M They were also coming to the New World with dreams of success， but their goal was different from the Jamestown They wanted to start a new world governed by the B They were called Puritans because they wanted to live a better life by making themselves They first arrived on the Mayflower and settled in P This is the group we are usually thinking about when we talk about the "first A"The clearest history of their journey to the New World can be found in History of Plymouth Plantation (1608) written by William Bradford， who was also one of the Mayflower The History of Plymouth Plantation is a Puritan book in the best “It’s loosely annalistic， but a direct and simple style gives charm， as a sincere faith in Puritanism gives purity， to the entire ” (W P Trent， 1997) The Puritans had several kinds of By far the most common form is the writing related to Biblical teachings， or sermons， that the church leaders The Puritans believed that they were in the New World because God had brought them there for a special They thought that by studying the Bible they could learn more about this way of So they were very strict to their life， and they didn’t allow any kind of entertainment even in That’s way Wu Dingbo said in his book “Literature of the New England Settlement is mainly a literary expression of the Puritan idealism” and “The literature of the colonial settlement served either God or colonial expansion or ” (Wu Dingbo， 4) Another important form of writing from this period is the These books， like Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation， are important because they tell us about life at the time of the P People also wrote many But a lot of works were hidden and lost because people often considered poetry to be an inferior form of writing and not totally acceptable to Puritan One of the most significant poets from this period was Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) Her poems in Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up In America (1650) reflected the con concerns of women who came to settle in the colonies， and in all her poems， however， she shows her strong belief in G 18th century—the Age of reason (1) The Age of reason In the 18th century， people believed in man’s own nature and the power of human With Franklin as its spokesman， the 18th century America experienced an age of Words had never been so useful and so important in human People wrote a lot of political Numerous pamphlets and printings were These works agitated revolutionary people not only in America but also around the Among the most renowned was the work Common Sense (1776) of Thomas Paine (1737-1809) It’s the ringing call for the decoration of He also wrote Crisis (1774-1783) and The Age of Reason (1794-1796)， according to Wu， “He thought that religion should be based on rational， reasonable ” (Wu Dingbo， 12) The pamphlets helped complete the debate that resulted in America's separation from E And of course for all the Americans， the most important document from this period was a single sheet of paper called The Declaration of Independence (1776)， mainly written by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin F Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)， the most distinguished person and giant in American history， he wrote and worked for American independence hardly and had made so many great efforts to America that he has been called "The First A" a world-renowned scientist， diplomat， philosopher， and He perfected the smooth， clear， short sentences of the Puritan plain His Autobiography encourages hard work and emphasizes the importance of Another work that is well known is Poor Richard's Almanack， and many of the sentences have become popular During this time writers thought that the truth should be relied on Bible， churchmen， authorities， or practice and (2) Early National Literature During the period of American Revolution War， American national literature came into Since before the war， American people have already had the awareness of national independence， so they wrote many political writings revolutionary The war helped the first important American prose writers and poets grow up both culturally and Furthermore， the independence of nation led to the independence of national From this moment on， American people began to understand of meaning of being a real ”American“ 放不下了，后面还有，在下面的网站里。满意拿分
文艺复兴是指发生于公元十四至十六世纪(有说十四至十七世纪)的一场从意大利兴起进而席卷整个欧洲的文化运动。一，文艺复兴的产生背景在漫长的近千年的中世纪，欧洲各国长期受到封建宗教神学的统治，经济发展缓慢，文化陷于僵滞，人们思想被禁锢，还有黑死病的大面积袭扰，整个欧洲死气沉沉。到公元十三十四世纪，濒临地中海的意大利的佛罗伦萨、威尼斯、罗马等城市通过海上贸易渐渐繁华起来，出现的许多新兴的工商业者，生产力和生产关系发生了变化，人们对原有的宗教神学统治越来越不适应，人心思变，一种新的思潮开始酝酿产生。此前，宗教神学在欧洲占据统治地位长达千年，根深蒂固，若要动摇改变何其艰难。于是智者们祭起了古希腊古罗马文化艺术的大旗，提出了复兴古希腊古罗马文艺口号，实际宗旨是倡导主宰世界的是人不是神，人有追求自由民主幸福的权利的人文主义精神。在这一宗旨引领下，文学、艺术、哲学等各个领域群起响应，从意大利开始，进而波及西欧中欧北欧和整个欧洲，成为欧洲近代史上一场具有里程碑意义的新文化和思想解放运动。二，文艺复兴的历史作用历经二百年(有说三百年)的文艺复兴运动从思想上动摇了长达千年的宗教神学统治，冲破了长期以来宗教神学对人们思想的禁锢和束缚，确立了人是世界的主宰的理论，特别是人的思想得到了前所未有的解放，人性得到了极大张扬。由此引发一系列变革，促使欧洲近代科学、哲学、文学、艺术等迅速发展，为资本主义的产生创造了条件。
欧洲文化论文选题背景及意义
不可能给你写现成的……但是方法是：阅读大量文献，之后做一个思想性的总结，就是背景及意义。
前人研究的成果，所选题目到目前所研究到的状况，而你又对选题有何特别看法，为何会选此题，对前人的研究成果和看法有何异议或者是有何更深入的观点
背景和意义要看你自己的论文核心定位了，根据定位去挖掘和研究之前人们的研究结论和内容。不做这个工作怎么去把论文写好呢，我告诉你了，你写的也不一定对路，到时候导师还是会让你重写的。你看吧，如果需要我可以帮你写。
我是外语学院的，我们经常搞这些，记得上铺写过这么一篇，给分吧，我晚上问问
欧洲文化艺术论文选题背景
出现这种新气象的社会基础，是欧洲封建社会政治和经济形势的稳定。这便是匈奴人的入侵最后被击退，日耳曼人的领地逐渐恢复，农业稳定，交通与商业的繁荣给城市注入了新的血液，封建秩序已经牢固地树立起来，宗教的狂热一步步上升，许多威名远扬的教会和主教大人，在政治、经济、文化各方面发挥着很大的影响，其中不泛深谙建筑、雕刻和绘画的有才能的艺术家。
Abstract: America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that， American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence， did Americans realized that they need national literature strongly， and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history， after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics， which emphasized individualism and intuition and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring， there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature， and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence of Civil War， the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life， critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War， Americans were at a loss postwar， and the Modern American literature Keywords: National Literature， Romanism， Transcendentalism， Local Color， Realism， Modern literature 摘要： 从殖民地时期起，欧洲殖民者和清教徒翻开了美国文学史的第一页。 这往后很长一段时期， 美国文学一直都受到欧洲文化的很大 影响 。一直到美国独立后，美国人强烈地感觉到了民族文学的需要，美国的民族文学开始 发展 。 南北战争是美国文学史上一个分水岭， 战后美国文学进入了一个全盛时期，产生了强调个性主义和直觉的早期浪漫主义，和以爱默生为代表的超验主义文学。爱默生的 时代 是美国前所未有的文学变动时代，产生了一大批优秀的作家和作品。 他们突出地给予了当时美国文学以深度和力量，也促进了罗曼主义高潮的来临。但是由于战争的影响， 社会 动荡不安，这时的作品更注重于揭示社会的阴暗面， 同时美国的民族文学进一步发展，创作出许多带有本土色彩和批判现实主义的作品。 一战后，美国人陷入战后的茫然， 美国也开始进入了 现代 文学阶段。 关键词： 民族文学， 浪漫主义， 超验主义， 本土色彩， 现实主义， 现代文学 American is a multi-national Just like a big container， which put in various kinds of Different cultures， that can not only be co-existed but also form a sharp contrast， mixed together， It makes American literature style has a flavor of distinct and various aesthetic Many writers come from lower level， which makes American literature has the rich flavor of life and local Furthermore， many new styles of literature in the world are oriented in America since 20th The process of American literature can be divided into following main periods: Colony and Puritan literature; early national literature; latter national literature and Modern America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that， American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence， did Americans realize that they need national literature strongly， and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history， after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics， which emphasized individualism and intuition，and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring， there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature， and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence if Civil War， the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life， critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War， Americans were at a loss postwar， and the Modern American literature Colonial and early American literature (1) Travelers and Explorers When the European explorers first came to this new continent， the native Indians who probably got here from Asia about fifteen thousand years ago were still in origin， and they even had no written language， “The traditional literature was originally transmitted almost entirely by word of mouth， and therefore belongs to the category of oral literature，” (Wu Dingbo， 1) As time past， more and more travelers and explorers swarmed They wrote a lot of diaries、letters， and travel accounts to describe the new land as second E No wander somebody said that the earliest American literature were the travel accounts written by European Among the most remained were Captain John Smith’s True Relation of Virginia (1608)， and Description of New England (1616) Although most of the Indian history was preserved in tales and songs， they had thoughts about life and They loved the natural world around them deeply， and they believed that when a person was dead， he would give back what had borrowed while he was alive to This kind of philosophy had influenced later or even modern American It’s interesting that when we look at the literature of the Puritans， the Transcendentalists， the Naturalists， and even the Moderns， when we read Anne Bradstreet， Emily Dickinson， Stephen Crane， and Ernest Hemingway， we can find similar (2) Pilgrim settlements Several years later， another group of settlers also arrived in the New W This group was looking for the Jamestown However ， because of bad navigation， they landed in M They were also coming to the New World with dreams of success， but their goal was different from the Jamestown They wanted to start a new world governed by the B They were called Puritans because they wanted to live a better life by making themselves They first arrived on the Mayflower and settled in P This is the group we are usually thinking about when we talk about the "first A"The clearest history of their journey to the New World can be found in History of Plymouth Plantation (1608) written by William Bradford， who was also one of the Mayflower The History of Plymouth Plantation is a Puritan book in the best “It’s loosely annalistic， but a direct and simple style gives charm， as a sincere faith in Puritanism gives purity， to the entire ” (W P Trent， 1997) The Puritans had several kinds of By far the most common form is the writing related to Biblical teachings， or sermons， that the church leaders The Puritans believed that they were in the New World because God had brought them there for a special They thought that by studying the Bible they could learn more about this way of So they were very strict to their life， and they didn’t allow any kind of entertainment even in That’s way Wu Dingbo said in his book “Literature of the New England Settlement is mainly a literary expression of the Puritan idealism” and “The literature of the colonial settlement served either God or colonial expansion or ” (Wu Dingbo， 4) Another important form of writing from this period is the These books， like Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation， are important because they tell us about life at the time of the P People also wrote many But a lot of works were hidden and lost because people often considered poetry to be an inferior form of writing and not totally acceptable to Puritan One of the most significant poets from this period was Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) Her poems in Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up In America (1650) reflected the con concerns of women who came to settle in the colonies， and in all her poems， however， she shows her strong belief in G 18th century—the Age of reason (1) The Age of reason In the 18th century， people believed in man’s own nature and the power of human With Franklin as its spokesman， the 18th century America experienced an age of Words had never been so useful and so important in human People wrote a lot of political Numerous pamphlets and printings were These works agitated revolutionary people not only in America but also around the Among the most renowned was the work Common Sense (1776) of Thomas Paine (1737-1809) It’s the ringing call for the decoration of He also wrote Crisis (1774-1783) and The Age of Reason (1794-1796)， according to Wu， “He thought that religion should be based on rational， reasonable ” (Wu Dingbo， 12) The pamphlets helped complete the debate that resulted in America's separation from E And of course for all the Americans， the most important document from this period was a single sheet of paper called The Declaration of Independence (1776)， mainly written by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin F Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)， the most distinguished person and giant in American history， he wrote and worked for American independence hardly and had made so many great efforts to America that he has been called "The First A" a world-renowned scientist， diplomat， philosopher， and He perfected the smooth， clear， short sentences of the Puritan plain His Autobiography encourages hard work and emphasizes the importance of Another work that is well known is Poor Richard's Almanack， and many of the sentences have become popular During this time writers thought that the truth should be relied on Bible， churchmen， authorities， or practice and (2) Early National Literature During the period of American Revolution War， American national literature came into Since before the war， American people have already had the awareness of national independence， so they wrote many political writings revolutionary The war helped the first important American prose writers and poets grow up both culturally and Furthermore， the independence of nation led to the independence of national From this moment on， American people began to understand of meaning of being a real ”American“ 放不下了，后面还有，在下面的网站里。满意拿分
文艺复兴推动了欧洲文化街思想领域的繁荣，为欧洲资本主义社会的产生奠定了思想文化基础
我是外语学院的，我们经常搞这些，记得上铺写过这么一篇，给分吧，我晚上问问
欧洲建筑文化论文选题背景及意义
欧式古典风格历史悠久，自六世纪的“拜占廷帝国”开始，经过罗马式、哥特式、文艺复兴式、巴洛克主义、洛可可主义以及帕拉第奥主义的多元化影响，经过岁月与战争的磨砺才焕发出古典与奢华的经典光芒。欧式古典风格多引入建筑结构元素，在凸凹有致的墙壁、罗马柱、雕花的掩映下，卷叶草、螺旋纹、葵花纹、弧线等欧式古典纹饰轻抚在精致家具陈设中，重现了宫廷般的华贵绚丽。欧式古典风格追求华丽、高雅，典雅中透着高贵，深沉里显露豪华，具有很强的文化韵味和历史内涵。空间上追求连续性，追求形体的变化和层次动感。室内外色彩鲜丽，光影变化丰富；为体现华丽的风格，家具、门、窗多漆成白色，家具、画框的线条部位饰以金线、金边突显棱角个锐气。细腻之处带有龟裂、让悠久沧桑历历在目。 欧洲古典建筑的历史源远流长，在经历了古希腊、古罗马经典建筑的洗礼之后，形成了以柱式、拱券、山花、门损、雕塑为主要构件的石构造建筑装饰风格。文艺复兴之后巴洛克、洛可可的艺术样式，对欧洲建筑室内装饰风格的演变起着至关重要的作用，形成了法式和英式两种典型的室内装饰流派。 巴洛克样式雄浑厚觉，在运用直线的同时也强调线型流动变化的特点。这种样式具有过 多的装饰和华美浑厚的效果。在室内将绘画、雕塑、工艺集中于装饰和陈设艺术上，墙面装饰多以展示精美的法国壁毯为主，同时镶有大型镜面或大理石，或以线脚重叠的责重木材镶边板装饰墙面。色彩华丽且用金色予以协调，以直线与曲线协调处理的猫脚家具和其他各种装饰工艺手段的使用，构成室内庄重豪华的气氛。 洛可可样式是继巴洛克样式之后在欧洲发展起来的。洛可可样式以其不均衡的轻快纤细的曲线而著称，中国和印度输入欧洲的室内装饰品对其也有影响。“洛可可”一词来自法国宫廷庭园中用贝壳、岩石制作的假山“洛卡优”，意大利人误叫成“洛可可”而流传开来。其特点为造型装饰多运用贝壳的曲线、皱摺和弯曲形构图分割，装饰尽繁琐、华丽之能事，色彩绚丽多姿，以及中国卷草纹的大量运用，具有轻快、流动、向外扩展的装饰效果。 作为欧洲文艺复兴时期的产物，古典主义设计风格继承了巴洛克风格中豪华、动感、多变的视觉效果，也吸取了洛可可风格中唯美、律动的细节处理元素，受到了社会上层人士的青睐。特别是古典风格中，深沉里显露尊贵、典雅浸透豪华的设计哲学，也成为这些成功人士享受快乐，理念生活的一种写照。欧式的居室有的不只是豪华大气，更多的是惬意和浪漫。通过完美的典线，精益求精的细节处理，带给家人不尽的舒服触感，实际上和谐是欧式风格的最高境界。同时，欧式装饰风格最适用于大面积房子，若空间太小，不但无法展现其风格气势，反而对生活在其间的人造成一种压迫感。当然，还要具有一定的美学素养，才能善用欧式风格，否则只会弄巧成拙。 造型欧式风格很讲究造型。 门的造型设计，包括房间的门和各种柜门，既要突出凹凸感，又要有优美的弧线，两种造型相映成趣，风情万种。 柱的设计也很有讲究，可以设计成典型的罗马柱造型，使整体空间具有更强烈的西方传统审美气息。 壁炉是西方文化的典型载体，选择欧式风格家装时，可以设计一个真的壁炉，也可以设计一个壁炉造型，辅以灯光，营造西方生活情调。 借助这三种造型，你的家居将充盈欧美文化的抽象美感。 灯饰 在欧式风格的家居空间里，灯饰设计应选择具有西方风情的造型，比如壁灯，在整体明快、简约、单纯的房屋空间里，传承着西方文化底蕴的壁灯静静泛着影影绰绰的灯光，朦胧、浪漫之感油然而生。 房间可采用反射式灯光照明或局部灯光照明，置身其中，舒适、温馨的感觉袭人，让那为尘嚣所困的心灵找到了归宿。 家具 欧式风格的家居宜选用现代感强烈的家具组合，特点是简单、抽象、明快、现代感强，组合家具的颜色选用白色或流行色，配上合适的灯光及现代化的电器，比如音像器材，就仿佛为主人编织了一个明快美丽的梦想。 挂画 在欧式风格的家居空间里，最好能在墙上挂金属框抽象画或摄影作品，也可以选择一些西方艺术家名作的赝品，比如人体画，直接把西方艺术带到家里，以营造浓郁的艺术氛围，表现主人的文化涵养。 欧式风格强调以华丽的装饰、浓烈的色彩、精美的造型达到雍容华贵的装饰效果。欧式客厅顶部喜用大型灯池，并用华丽的枝形吊灯营造气氛。门窗上半部多做成圆弧形，并用带有花纹的石膏线勾边。入厅口处多竖起两根豪华的罗马柱，室内则有真正的壁炉或假的壁炉造型。墙面最好用壁纸，或选用优质乳胶漆，以烘托豪华效果。地面材料以石材或地板为佳。欧式客厅非常需要用家具和软装饰来营造整体效果。深色的橡木或枫木家具，色彩鲜艳的布艺沙发，都是欧式客厅里的主角。还有浪漫的罗马帘，精美的油画，制作精良的雕塑工艺品，都是点染欧式风格不可缺少的元素。但需要注意的是，这类风格的装修，在面积、空间较大的房间内会达到更好的效果。 客厅的大部分处在挑空结构之下，大面积的玻璃窗带来了良好的采光，落地的窗帘很是气派。布艺沙发组合有着丝绒的质感以及流畅的木质曲线，将传统欧式家居的奢华与现代家居的实用性完美地结合。壁炉自然不可或缺，它被安置在空间结构的交汇处，与一幅色彩鲜艳的油画相呼应，敞开式的客厅提供了一个视觉中心。
文艺复兴建筑（Renaissance architecture），是欧洲建筑史上继哥特式建筑之后出现的一种建筑风格十五世纪产生于意大利，后传播到欧洲其它地区，形成带了有各自特点的各国文艺复兴建筑意大利文艺复兴建筑在文艺复兴建筑中占有最重要的位置法国枫丹白露宫文艺复兴建筑最明显的特征是扬弃了中世纪时期的哥特式建筑风格，而在宗教和世俗建筑上重新采用古希腊罗马时期的柱式构图要素文艺复兴时期的建筑师和艺术家们认为，哥特式建筑是基督教神权统治的象征，而古代希腊和罗马的建筑是非基督教的他们认为这种古典建筑，特别是古典柱式构图体观着和谐与理性，并同人体美有相通之处，这些正符合文艺复兴运动的人文主义观念但是意大利文艺复兴时代的建筑师绝不是食古不化的人虽然有人(如帕拉第奥和维尼奥拉)在著作中为古典柱式制定出严格的规范不过当时的建筑师，包括帕拉第奥和维尼奥拉本人在内并没有受规范的束缚他们一方面采用古典柱式，一方面又灵活变通，大胆创新，甚至将各个地区的建筑风格同古典柱式融合一起他们还将文艺复兴时期的许多科学技术上的成果，如力学上的成就、绘画中的透视规律、新的施工机具等等，运用到建筑创作实践中去
二百财富值你就不得了？哦？是不，劳资为找一首歌，就给了四百财富值，为了部电影就给了七百多，把你二百财富值还想要一篇原创的论文，扯犊子呢你跟我。简直是图样图森破！
从根本上说，中西方建筑艺术的差异首先来自于材料的不同：传统的西方建筑长期以石头为主体；而传统的东方建筑则一直是以木头为构架的。这种建筑材料的不同，为其各自的建筑艺术提供了不同的可能性。 不同的建筑材料、不同的社会功用，使得中国与西方的古典建筑有了不同的“艺术语言”。 不同的语言，表达着不同的思想，流露出不同的情感；不同的建筑，承载着不同的文化，体现着不同的信念。西方的石制建筑一般是纵向发展，直指上苍的。这样一来，能否将高密度的石制屋顶擎入云霄，便成为建筑艺术的关键所在，而执行这一任务的柱子也便成了关键中的关键。所以，西方建筑的“基本词汇”是柱子，即那些垂直向上、顶天立地的石头。如果说柱子是西方建筑艺术的“基本词汇”，那么屋顶则是其“主要句式”。屋顶的不同，导致了其风格类型上的差异，如希腊式、罗马式、拜占廷式、格特式、巴洛克式等等。 与西方的石制建筑不同，中国古代的木制建筑以斗拱为“基本词汇”。所谓斗拱，是将屋檐托起的交叠的曲木，它可以将纵向的力量向横向拓展，从而构造出多种多样的飞檐。同西方建筑的屋顶一样，作为中国古代建筑的“主要句式”，飞檐也有许多类型，或低垂，或平直，或上挑。其不同的形式制造出不同的艺术效果，或轻灵，或朴实，或威严。不仅亭、台、楼、阁都要用飞檐来标明自己的身份，表达自己的情感，而且飞檐的高低、长短往往会成为建筑设计的难点和要点。正所谓“增之一分则太长，减之一分则太短”，飞檐的设计必须恰到好处才能显得轻灵而不轻佻，朴实而不机械，威严而不呆板。 还有就是中国人对建筑的态度是以新为贵，而外国人则对古老建筑充满尊崇与敬意 还有就是西方建筑充满着宗教神秘主义的情绪，而中国的建筑则是儒家文化的反映。。