中国传统文化文学论文中英文对照

Chinese traditional culture is the fundamental creativity of the achievements of Chinese civilization and the overall form of moral inheritance， various cultural thoughts and spiritual ideas in the history of the Chinese traditional culture， according to the order of the great series of Chinese history， experienced the Chao， Suiren， Fuxi， Shennong ， Huangdi ， Yao， Shun， Yu and other times， to the establishment of the Xia D After the continuous development to this Chinese traditional culture is mainly composed of Confucianism， Buddhism and T The traditional culture is not only profound and mellow， but also extensive in More importantly， the Confucian， Buddhist and Taoist cultures promote morality and provide the people with the code of conduct and the ultimate spiritual Confucianism takes benevolence and righteousness as the core and respects the Confucianists of the past dynasties; Taoism takes conforming to nature as the core; Buddhism takes compassion， great love and liberation as the core， emphasizing "all evil do not do， all good practice "All kinds of art (such as painting， sculpture， calligraphy， drama， festival， ) derived from the three cultures of Confucianism， Buddhism and Taoism are their concrete forms of

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中国传统文化论文1500字中英文对照

我国是有着5000年悠久历史的文明古国，自然，我们中华民族有着灿烂多彩的传统文化。　　　　在我眼中，我们中华民族的传统文化，是我们中华民族文化之源，是我们祖先留下的一份宝贵的遗产，是中华民族的根。　　　　我们中华民族的传统文化，给予了我们现代文明的全部。从道德反面看，我国古人就提出了各种思想，引导人们向着健康，有秩序的生活迈进，春秋战国时期，我国先前思想达到了一个高峰，出现了各种学说，有道家，儒家，法家等等，而最著名，对后人影响最大的，莫过于儒家了。儒家先贤提出的各种思想学说对于后人有着密切的联系。比如，儒家推崇孝道，推崇尊老爱幼，这在当前社会都是十分前卫的思想，如今也发展成为了最基本的道德准则。在治国方面，儒学也有得道之处，比如论语当中提到的“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之”的著名学说，给无数后世君皇一治国方针。论语当中还提到了很多关于为人处世之道，比如“人而无信，不知其可也。大车无輗，小车无*，其何以行之哉？”这句话，简单数十字，就将诚信这一理念阐述得淋漓尽致，将失信于人的人比喻为失去了轮子的车，其严重程度不言而喻；还有关于学习的，比如“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也”等等。儒家学说几乎涵盖了生活的全部，对当今社会产生了莫大的影响。而不是儒学一家独大，道家法家各自的核心思想也颇具参考价值。这些思想对于当今的发展而言依旧具有其道理所在。这就是财富，我们应当珍惜之。　　　　古代圣贤提出的思想，那仅仅是我国传统文化的一部分，除了这些思想，我们还有生活习性之类的文化。我们中华民族从古至今，都生活在这片土地上，自然而然，我们就会有了自己生活方面的习惯，比如，我们吃饭都使用筷子，这在西方国家是绝对没有的；我们有自己的传统节日，比如春节，清明节，端午节，中秋节等等，这些节日怎么来的？这些节日都是5000年历史里沉淀出来的最精华的文化所在，这些节日浓缩了中华民族的期盼，向往，还有思考，探索，怀念等等一系列感情，这些节日就是我们中华民族的标志。　　　　在古时候，我国劳动人民就用智慧，在农耕时代，经过长期的观察，总结出了经验，最后浓缩成为二十四节气，这对于农民的劳动生产而言，是非常有帮助的；我们祖先还用自己的智慧，得到了各种具有历史意义的发明。这些发明创造对于中华民族的发展起着非常大的作用，让我们中华民族长期走在世界的前列。

The information revolution， the development of mass media and the achievements in science and technology have doubtlessly ushered us in a rapidly progressing society， where we may have no time to talk about our traditional In the city， no one can escape from the fast We eat the popularized fast food and enjoy the popularized "fast food" Since we get so used to such fast things that many traditional things have been neglected， some people believe that the traditional culture will gradually be lost， but I think it will never be Although entertainments are in abundance nowadays， traditional cultures still continue to We still regard going to a concert as a Many classic books touch a string from generation to generation in spite of time and And we are still moved by the inspirational spirits of our great Traditional festivals remind us of our disposition to the traditional Our relief in traditional culture gets ready to revive at any To some traditional cultures that are on decline， we have taken active measures to conserve Experts have come up with proper advice on protecting such Many volunteers have dedicated themselves to studying First and foremost，more and more people have discerned the importance of the traditional Therefore， we are sure that our efforts will lead to a brilliant If a culture wants to gain an eternal life， it should change itself to cater to the people in its So does our traditional Traditional cultures adhering to modern means appear For example， we make CDs for classic music so that it can not only meet modern needs but also spread further and more successfully in the modern The appearance of traditional culture changes， but the essence will never change and will be well There is no need to worry about whether our traditional culture will be It is an important heritage of the whole human No culture， no We cherish the traditional culture as we cherish our blood in our The traditional culture lies in life， forever 信息革命，大众传播媒介的发展和科学技术的成就，无疑迎来了一个迅速恶化的社会里，我们可能没有时间来谈论我们的传统文化我们。在城市里，没有人能逃脱从快速We吃快餐的普及推广，享受“快餐”文化。由于我们习惯于这样快，很多传统的东西被忽视的事情，有些人认为，传统文化将逐渐流失，但我觉得它永远不会被Although娱乐丰富的今天，传统文化依然继续We仍然认为要作为一个豪华演唱会。许多经典书籍触摸一代又一代的字符串尽管在时间和And但我们仍会受到我们伟大Traditional精神感动鼓舞人心的节日提醒我们处理我们的传统文化。我们在传统文化得到救济随时准备恢复一些传统文化的衰落是，我们已采取积极措施，以保护他们t�6�7�6�To。专家们想出了这种文化的保护适当的意见。许多志愿者都已经投入到学习他们。首先，越来越多的人已经看出了传统文化的重要性。因此，我们相信我们的努力将导致一个辉煌If一种文化要想获得永恒的生命，就应该改变自己，以应付在其年龄的人。我们的传统文化也是如此。秉承传统文化现代化的手段出现严格。例如，我们为古典音乐CD，以便它不仅能满足当代的需求�6�7�6�7，而且在现代世界的传播进一步，更加成功。对传统文化的改变外观，但本质永远不会改变，并能得到充分There无需担心是否我们的传统文化都将丢失。这是对整个人类的重要遗产。没有文化，没有人类。我们珍惜我们的传统文化，珍惜我们在我们的身体的血液。传统文化就是在生活中，

这些东西都可以再网上查到！关于长城的传说 In the north of China， there lies a 6，700-kilometer-long (4，161-mile-long) ancient Now well-known as the Great Wall of China， it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the As one of the Eight Wonders in the world， the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction， and since that time these stories have spread around the Those that happened during construction are abundant， such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan P Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great W The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC) It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall Meng Jiangnu's husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great W Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure， so she set out to look for Unfortunately， by the time she reached the great wall， she discovered that her husband had already Hearing the bad news， she cried her heart Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great W This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in He calculated that it would need 99，999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan P The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick， then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three After the completion of the project， one brick was left behind the Xiwong city The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the A tiny move would cause the collapse of the Therefore the brick was kept there and never It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan P In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall， there are also plenty of stories about current scenic A famous one is the legend of the Beacon T This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC) King You had a queen named Bao Si， who was very King You liked her very much， however Bao Si never An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King's subjects， and might make the queen King You liked the The subjects were fooled and Bao Si smiled at the sight of the Later enemies invaded Western Zhou， King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once Thus， King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall， many more stories were created and 历史 No one can tell precisely when the building of the Great Wall was started but it is popularly believed that it originated as a military fortification against intrusion by tribes on the borders during the earlier Zhou D Late in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC)， the ducal states extended the defence work and built "great" structures to prevent the attacks from other It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the separate walls， constructed by the states of Qin， Yan and Zhao kingdoms， were connected to form a defensive system on the northern border of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (also called Qin Shi Huangdi by westerners or the First Emperor) After the emperor unified the country in 214 BC， he ordered the construction of the It took about ten years to finish and the wall stretched from Linzhao (in the eastern part of today's Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong (in today's Jilin Province) in the The wall not only served as a defence in the north but also symbolized the power of the From the Qin Dynasty onwards， Xiongnu， an ancient tribe that lived in North China， frequently harassed the northern border of the During the Han Dynasty， Emperor Wu (Han Wu Di)， sent three expeditions to fight against the Xiongnu in 127 BC， 121 BC and 119 BC The Xiongnu were driven into the far north of the G To maintain the safety of the Hexi Corridor (today's Gansu Province)， the emperor ordered the extension of the Great Wall westward into the Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang The ruins of the beacon towers and debris of the Han Wall are still discernible in Dunhuang， Yumen and Y A recent report shows that ruins of the Han Wall have been discovered near Lopnur in China's Xinjiang Further construction and extensions were made in the successive Northern Wei， Northern Qi and Sui The present Great Wall in Beijing is mainly remains from the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) During this period， bricks and granite were used when the workers laid the foundation of the wall and sophisticated designs and passes were built in the places of strategic To strengthen the military control of the northern frontiers， the Ming authorities divided the Great Wall into nine zones and placed each under the control of a Zhen (garrison headquarters) The Ming Wall starts from Yalujiang River (in today's Heilongjiang Province)， via today's Liaoning， Hebei， Inner Mongolia， Shanxi， Shaanxi， Ningxia provinces， to G The total length reaches 12，700 li (over 5，000 kilometers) The Shanhaiguan Pass and the Jiayuguan Pass are two well-preserved passes at either Today， the Wall has become a must-see for every visitor to C Few can help saying 'Wow!' when they stand on top of a beacon tower and look at this giant For centuries， the wall served succeeding dynasties as an efficient military However， it was only when a dynasty had weakened from within that invaders from the north were able to advance and Both the Mongols (Yuan Dynasty， 1271-1368) and the Manchurians (Qing Dynasty， 1644-1911) were able take power because of weakness of the government and poverty of the people but never due to any possibility of weakness of the W或者The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and it have a history over 000 The Great Wall， that is called “the ten-thousand-li Great Wall”， is actually more than 6000 kilometers long， 6-7 meters high and 4-5 meters Every a few hundred meters along the Great Wall there are We Chinese are proud of in the Great wall because it is one of the wonders in the world and it stands for C Today the Great Wall becomes a famous place of interest in the Every year， hundreds of thousands of people， not only from China from also all over the world， come to visit

中国传统文化论文1500字中英文对照表

中国传统美德英语作文：1、题目：假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter希望了解中国药 (traditional Chinese medicine)。请给他写一封邮件。内容包括：中药的历史与种类；用途与好处。注意：词数100左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。答案：Dear Peter，I’m writing to tell you something about traditional Chinese Honestly speaking， traditional Chinese medicine has a history of thousands of Chinese people gained rich experience when they fought against Thus， they have been knowing there are hundreds of medicine， which prove effective and efficient when used to treat These drugs are safe and have few side Besides， they do little damage to livers and Li Shizhen， a Chinese herbalist and acupuncturist of the Ming dynasty， wrote a famous book on medicine， making great contributions to people around the Looking forward to your Yours sincerelyLi Hua2、题目：假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。她写信问到，龙在西方文化中是一个恶魔的象征，而中国人却自称是龙的传人，这是为什么。请你写封邮件回复她的问题。内容包括龙成为中华民族象征的原因；如何看待这种文化差异。词数100左右，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Leslie，I am very glad that you have written to ask about the symbolic meaning of the Long ago， China was a developing agricultural country that badly relied on abundant rainfall or Thus， ancient Chinese imagined there must be a powerful God in the sky who was in charge of rainfall and any other forms of water on Later， we Chinese people， called ourselves the descendants of dragons， meaning agriculture fed us and hoping that we were brave， flexible and powerful enough like dragons to control our own fate from generation to Dragons are considered evil and dangerous in western This suggests westerners and Chinese have different understandings of the Don’t you think different experiences can lead to different beliefs? It is always okay if we respect and tolerate cultural Hoping you can share your ideas on YoursLi Hu扩展资料：常用中国传统美德的英文话题：1、Chinese traditional culture中国传统文化2、arouse one’s enthusiasm for激发某人对……的热情3、put forward提出4、attend a ceremony出席仪式5、come into being形成；产生；出现6、culture shock文化冲击7、date back to/date from追溯到8、follow a custom遵循习俗9、get together聚集10、in memory of为了纪念11、in honour of为了纪念；为向……表示敬意12、pass down from generation to generation一代一代传下来13、have a great effect on 对……有很大的影响14、contribute to the economic and culture development促进经济文化的发展15、have a better understanding of对……有更好的理解16、Beijing Opera京剧17、spread Chinese culture传播中国文化18、fit in融入，适应19、make a brief introduction to对……作简单介绍20、experience diverse Chinese culture体验多元的中国文化

物极必反，事物发展到极端以后必然转向另外一个极端。中国文化由衰到盛，再由盛到衰，也是必然的两个极端发展过程。“文化大革命”是对传统文化的最彻底的清扫，中国传统文化衰到了极点，也预示着传统文化转机的到来，预示着传统文化重新兴盛的开始。所以我们要及时认识传统文化，走进传统文化，实现中华民族的伟大复兴。所谓走进传统文化，就是要弃恶从善、改邪归正、超凡脱俗、离苦得乐，转愚痴为智慧、转糊涂为明白、转烦恼为快乐、转空虚为充实、转黑暗为光明、转凡夫为圣贤、转小人为君子、转无赖为豪杰、转生死为涅槃，。　　学习传统文化的意义：　　学习好比吃饭，吃饭的真正目的是为了健康，学习的真正目的是为了智慧；但是有几人是为了健康而吃饭？同样，又有几人是为了智慧而学习？所以，做人一定要有正确的人生态度，要有人格和主见，要特立独行，切不可随波逐流。一个民族和国家也同样要有自己的传统文化，这是独立和发展的基础。健康和智慧也仅是生命的基础，在此基础上还要进一步认识、改造、完善生命。　　英国科学家李约瑟从上世纪三十年代开始在研究中国古代科技时提出了著名的李约瑟难题：为什么古代中国人发明了指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术，工业革命却没有发端于中国？我国著名的科学家钱学森晚年也多次提出了“为什么我们的学校总是培养不出杰出的人才”的质问。　　任何一个国家民族，在学校教育的背后都有一套传统的文化思想作底蕴，教育就像是一棵大树，而经过千百年积累起来的传统文化思想就像是大地上的土壤，在这个良好的文化体系基础上，才能够有良好的家庭教育、学校教育、社会教育、宗教教育等，才能构建起良好的教育体系，保证人生的健康发展。　　大地：不能吃、不能穿、不能住，但是一切能吃、能穿、能住的东西都是来自于大地。大地承载一切，生长一切，接受一切，转脏为净、转臭为香、转丑为美，为万物之基础，无为而无所不为，无能而无所不能。一个人要健康地成长，将来有所作为，首先要建立起宽广的胸怀及髙远的志向，具备成长和作为的基础与能力，守本分、能承担、肯付出、有德行、有智慧，这要靠文化而不是知识或技术来培养。传统文化就像大地一样，其作用就在于他能够培养人类发展的基础和能力-福德智慧，使你无所不能。文化不是科技、艺术、宗教，但是一切真正的科技、艺术、宗教都必以文化为基础，才能健康地发展。　　中国的教育、文学、艺术、科技、政治、经济都是伴随着文化的发展而发展，文化是他们背后的真正推动力。中国传统文化的没落是导致教育、科技、文学、艺术及政治、经济等落后的根本所在。所以，在中国历史上真正重视、标榜的是文化方面的人才，而书法、绘画、雕刻、建筑、文学、科技等方面的人才都落在其次，甚至根本就不见经传。因为只要文化不灭，文明就会自然延续下去。国家最需要的、最有用的也是文化方面的人才。　　传统文化的没落，从儒家文化的发展就表现得很明显。孔子-六经-五经-四书-朱注四书-白话四书-现代注解四书，到最后有很多地方已经完全偏离了孔子的本意。文化的核心变化为：道德、仁义、礼法，没有文化时就变成法制了，越来越偏离于自然的法则，人为的东西越来越多。人们的志向也随着文化的变化而改变：道-德-道德-道理-真理-理想-梦想-妄想，越来越脱离自然、根本和实际。我们现在要认识文化的本貌、理解其真意、继承正统，弥补文化的缺失，从根本上提高科技与文艺的发展动力，从根本上提升经济与政治的管理素质。避免盲目崇拜或者任意亵渎，这都是文化没落的表现。在中国文化史上，圣贤人的地位要高于父母的，中国文化提倡要孝敬父母，同时更要恭敬圣贤，父母给了我们生命，而圣贤给了我们慧命，慧命比生命更重要，更有价值。礼拜父母是天经地义的，礼拜圣贤也同样是无可厚非的行为。当然，最重要的是本质上的恭敬，而不是形式，否则必然适得其反。后人太重视形式，并且发展到极端，本质上却越来越欠恭敬，结果导致了另一个极端的开始，也自然导致了文化的由盛到衰。　　1、只有民族的才是世界的，只有文化的才是永恒的　　所谓文化内涵，是他具有民族性，或者说具有世界性，因为文化所表达的是人的本性、共性，是永恒的、相通的。)　　中国传统文化：是中华民族多少代人集体智慧的结晶；是中华祖先留传给后代子孙最珍贵的遗产；是中华民族贡献给全人类最宝贵的精神财富。　　中国传统文化是我们中华民族后代子孙开启智慧的钥匙。只有我们中国人更有能力和条件，把自己的文化全面的继承下来并发扬光大。我们只有首先把自己的民族文化传承下来，拥有了一定的智慧，然后再把他贡献给全人类，才有能力、有资格去接受其他民族的优秀文化。　　四大文明古国现在仅剩中国文化，中国文化是集古今中外之大成，是人类文明的精华，能拯救中华民族，也能拯救世界。　　2、中华祖先承传文化、智慧的法宝　　（1）汉字：六书造字，充满智慧的符号—表达智慧（智慧不易表达-书不尽言言不尽意、只可意会不可言传、不可思议）；　　（2）文言文: 语言与文字分开，永久不改变—承传智慧；　　（3）孝道：道德之本，文化之源，教育之始—开启智慧。　　所以，中华传统文化是开启智慧的钥匙。这是中国传统文化最根本的成就、高度智慧的成就。现代人迷失了传统，因而对传统文化产生了误解，从而轻视、否定、大肆辱骂传统，辱骂祖宗。　　3、传统文化能立大志：　　做人的志向要高，所谓顶天立地，这是真正的人。人本位天地之间，而不是名利之间、财色之间。要有天空一样的心量、大地一样的胸怀，更有心包太虚、量周沙界的更崇高的思想境界，离开传统文化这种志向是立不起来的。（为天地立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平-宋张载）　　同时，又要求做人的姿态要低，要谦虚、谨慎、忍辱，离开传统文化是难以摆正这种心态的。（孔融让梨、大舜至孝、蔺相如顾全大局廉颇负荆请罪-美德）　　传统文化能让我们真正做到高处着眼，低处起步。　　3、承传中华传统文化，实现中外文化的正常交流　　有来有往才叫交流，正常的交流一定要建立在平等的基础上。所谓平等是要有相同的能力，有相同的智慧德行等基本人文素质。要有辨别和选择的能力，辨别是非好坏真假；要有接受和防御的能力，能够把好的东西接受过来，把坏的东西抵制住，同时把我们好的东西输送出去，实现中西文化的互相补充和完善，共同推动人类文明的整体进步。中国的传统文化和西方的科技文化，就是中西文化的精华，可以互相弥补。通过交流实现：古代文化现代化，西方文化中国化，中西文化全球化；古为今用，西为中用，造福世界。闭关锁国、排斥一切或全盘西化、一边倒的涌进、毫无选择的吸收都是不可取的，后果将无法挽回。（同性恋、艾滋病、明明德）　　4、中国传统文化能够真正建立起中华民族的脊梁　　民族的血统加民族的精神等于民族的脊梁，有脊梁的民族才能屹立于世界之林：民族精神来源于民族文化，继承民族文化才能形成民族思想，只有具备中华民族传统思想的人才可能具有中华民族的精神，才算是真正的中国人，我们首先做好人、做好中国人，然后才可能被世界认可。　　文化是一个民族的灵魂，一个没有文化根基的民族是没有希望的。没有自己的文化，一个民族就不会有凝聚力，始终像一盘散沙。没有自己的文化，一个民族就不会有创造力，只会跟在外国人屁股后面模仿。没有自己的文化，一个民族就不会有自信心，也不可能得到外人的尊重。　　5、文化不是知识，德不是才，福德智慧不是才能技艺　　文化不同于知识，文化的作用和目的是开启智慧、积累德行（有文化就是有智慧、有福德），知识是培养才能、技艺。　　有德有才是精品，有德无才是成品，无德无才是废品，无德有才是毒品；　　才德全尽谓之圣人，才德兼亡谓之愚人，德胜才谓之君子，才胜德谓之小人－司马光《资治通鉴》　　有德有才破格重用，有德无才培养使用，有才无德限制录用，无德无才坚决不用－牛根生先生　　德比才更重要。　　6、传统文化是连接古今及未来的纽带　　博古通今，承先启后，继往开来-博古才能通今，承先才能启后，继往才能开来。所谓博古、承先、继往就是指承传传统文化。　　传统文化能够保证社会和民族绵延不绝、自强不息、持续发展；传统文化能够保证民族顶天立地、信心坚定、独立自主。所以，传统文化能够建立起自信、自强、自立的人生和民族。　　所以说，中国文化存则中国兴，中国文化绝则中国亡。　　中国文化要在保证根本稳定的基础上，不断吸收新的养分，添枝加叶，不断发展和完善，与时俱进，历久弥新，做到百花齐放，百家争鸣。而不能把几千年积累的经验和智慧全部推翻，那就等于把大树连根拨起，或摧残百花，然后再去重新建立-是极其愚蠢和冲动的行为（文革教训）。文化的建立是千秋大业，需要多少代人的实践探索和积累（文化如一棵大树，多少年才长得枝繁叶茂，古木参天）。但是，真理是永恒的，是绝对的，最终重新得到的结论也必然与古人不谋而和，因为人的真心本性不变，古人已和盘托出-世间好语佛说尽。　　7、生命的真正意义、最高价值、最终目标　　古人讲道：悟道、修道、得道、弘道；　　后人讲真理：发现真理、追求真理、落实真理、弘扬真理；　　具体讲就是为了生命：认识生命、改造生命、完善生命，并最终去帮助一切生命认识、改造、完善生命。　　完善生命：包括真善美慧（假恶丑痴）四个方面，要分别靠科学证明、艺术展示、宗教落实、文化开启。有智慧才能认识生命，进而改造、完善生命。　　真假、善恶、美丑靠智慧辨别，而智慧要靠文化开启，文化是科学、艺术和宗教的基础。真正的科学家、宗教家、艺术家同时也必须是文化人，必须有智慧，具有辨别真假、善恶、美丑的能力才能把科学、艺术、宗教搞好。　　文化讲道，承传真理－求生命之慧；宗教行道，落实真理－求生命之善；科学证道，证明真理－求生命之真；艺术示道，展示真理－求生命之美。经济是人对物的管理，政治是人对事的管理。所谓以人为本就是靠人管理为人服务，做好人，有智慧，才能管好事和物，所以文化教育也是经济和政治的基础。　　真理就是生命的真相；中国文化中宗教为佛教专门术语，即自证为宗、化他名教。　　承传生命之慧-落实生命之善-证明生命之真-展示生命之美：认识、改造、完善生命　　一切生活都是为了生命；不应该为了生活而忽视生命(贫)；更不应该为了生活享受而残害生命(富)；站在生命的高度看问题才能真正解决问题；生命有层次的差别-（有提升的空间、有堕落的余地）；生命的意义在于不断提升生命的层次(孝敬爱仁慈悲)。　　我们要认识传统文化、学习传统文化、落实传统文化，做一个有道德、有智慧、有能力、有信心、有素质的真正中国人。要先学做人，再学做事，才能成事；要先学文化，再学知识，然后才能灵活掌握并正当应用技术。　　生命高于一切。为完善、保护生命而牺牲生命值得，为生活而牺牲生命不值得。

我国传统伦理道德的现代化重构摘要：我国传统伦理道德历史悠久，内容丰富，在其产生与发展的几千年中形成了独有的特点，并对社会的发展起到了巨大影响。但随着改革开放和市场经济的运行，传统伦理道德显示出与之不相适应的方面，面临着现代化的转型与扬弃，必须对传统伦理道德进行重构，使其适应现代化发展的需要。关键词：伦理道德；现代转型；重构。我国传统道德源远流长，历史悠久，前后相继，交相更替，在几千年的历史发展中积累了丰富的伦理思想和价值观念，形成了具有独特内容和风格的传统美德，有诸多的道德规范，有丰富的践履道德规范的德行，有如何实现道德建设的教育思想，有我国文化独到的修身之道，以及道德名言、理论，等等。这些内容不仅是对社会生活秩序和个体生活秩序的深层设计，也是社会健康发展的重要条件，更是社会正常运行的重要保证。今天，进一步探讨我国传统伦理道德的转型与重构，对于我国社会主义道德建设具有重要的意义。一、我国传统伦理道德的基本特点。我国传统伦理道德博大精深，形成一个完整的伦理道德体系。儒家伦理思想更全面、深刻地反映了我国古代社会的经济、政治和社会结构，适应了封建统治的需要，占据核心和主干地位。儒家道德思想和道德学说中的核心概念是“仁”。“仁”的最高原则是“爱人”，其核心在于“己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人”，以及“己所不欲，勿施于人”的忠恕之道。推己及人、将心比心，是儒家处理人际关系的伦理基本准则和要求；而将这样一套处理人际关系的基本准则扩充到社会政治领域，提出“礼仁”一体，使伦理政治化、政治伦理化，是儒家伦理的鲜明特色。这使得儒家伦理在漫长的我国封建社会具有了与封建政治一体化的正统地位，对当时社会秩序的调整和传统文化的继承都起到了巨大的作用，并具有如下基本特点：修身养性，打造内质修身是我国传统伦理道德中最具特色的概念，也被称为“修德”、“克己”、“正身”、“修己”。我国传统伦理道德强调人性本善，同时又认为如果没有一番修身慎独的功夫，本性的善是无法转化为现实的善。要实现这种转化，首先必须做到律己修身。孔子认为，修身是根本，“自天子以至于庶人，壹是皆以修身为本”（《礼记·大学》）这样的修养功夫，强调自主自律、自我超越以维护人伦关系和整体秩序，其基本精神是“求诸己”，也就是对自身厚责，严以责己，宽以待人，即“躬自厚而薄责于人”（《论语·卫灵公》）。而“求诸己”的最有效的方法是慎独，“君子戒慎乎其所不睹，恐惧乎其所不闻。莫见乎隐，莫显乎微，故君子慎其独也”（《中庸》），这就是说，慎独就是在自我独处时要严于律己，戒慎恐惧，“吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎传不习乎？”（《论语·学而》），经过这样的修养锤炼，人们就可以成为品质高尚、节操坚定的正人君子。修身为本的思想影响了封建社会两千余年，不仅知识分子多形成“一箪食，一瓢饮，在陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐”的安贫乐道的气节，而且一切志士仁人把修身作为齐家、治国、平天下的基础和前提，作为实现自己政治理想和道德理想的基础和前提，毕其一生去追求、去践行[1]。这种重视修身的道德思想影响了整个中华民族，不仅在知识分子群体当中，而且在广大的劳动人民当中都表现出重视追求精神生活的民族品格克己奉公，注重整体。传统伦理道德强调人们要有社会责任、国家责任、家庭责任，强调每一个人应对社会做出贡献。因此，人们的家国意识、乡土情结特别浓厚，国家利益、民族利益至上，是重视群体价值的最突出体现。在大一统观念的支配下，国人都应以国家统一为乐，强调为社会尽责、为天下尽忠的献身精神。家族为本位的集体主义，是传统道德重视群体价值的又一体现。在宗法制下，家族是个人实现其个人价值的保证，因此只有维护家族的利益，才能实现个人的利益。群体拥有支配的权利，个体则只有服从的义务，个人只有克制身心，服从群体，才能与世俗融洽相处。重视国家、群体的利益，以家族为本位的集体主义，是中华民族凝聚力的来源之一，它形成了国人顾大体、识大局、以他人为重、以集体为怀的情操，在此基础上形成了天下为公、克己奉公的美德[2]。这种美德，培育的是对社会、民族的义务感、历史感、责任感、使命感。历来为我国人所推崇的“以天下为己任”，“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”，“国家兴亡，匹夫有责”，就是这种道德观念的反映。先义后利，见利思义我国传统伦理道德坚持尚义不尚利，提倡先义后利，以义制利。孔子告诫人们要“见利思义”，见到利益要想到道义。同时，孔子根据对义利的不同态度划分出君子和小人：“君子喻于义，小人喻于利”（《论语·里仁》），倡导要做讲究大义的君子，而不做只讲利益的小人。孟子更进一步认为“何必日利？亦有仁义而已矣”[3]，董仲舒更概括出“正其谊不谋其利，明其道不计其功”[4]的命题。“重义轻利”这种道德观念是“君子”追求的道德观念，因为“君子”只有通过节制人对利欲的追求，自觉“存义去利”，才能保持国家清廉和公平。这种义利观注重社会公利，引导人们为国家和百姓作贡献，这是一种积极的社会本位的义利观。这种义利观造就了中华民族积极向上、追求完善的民族心理和民族素质，也培育了一批为国家、民族的利益勇于献身的民族英雄、爱国志士，如岳飞、文天祥、于谦等，他们以自己的生命实践了成仁取义的理论，给后世留下了气壮山河的英雄伟绩。二、传统伦理道德在社会转型中所受到的影响。我国传统伦理道德对维护社会的长治久安起到了重要作用，但按照历史唯物主义的观点，社会存在决定社会意识，“一切以往的道德论归根到底都是当时的社会经济状况的产物”，总是“从他们进行生产和交换的经济关系中，获得自己的伦理观念”[5]。而我国传统伦理道德产生和发展的经济基础是封建生产关系，在对小农经济与封建政治关系的思考中，儒家探索出与封建经济基础相适应的纲常伦理，并使之渗透到社会政治、经济、文化的各个方面。但随着社会主义经济基础的形成以及市场经济体制的建立，人们的民主观念、法制意识不断增强，在价值判断和经济判断之间也不断发生着无法回避的矛盾甚至冲突，作为有悠久历史的传统伦理道德，受到了现代社会强有力的冲击，产生了很多负面影响。首先，传统的伦理道德只注重人们的道德教育，而忽视了法律、法规等手段对社会管理的作用，破坏了法律的独立性，阻碍了法律的形式化，导致了法律的道德化。究其原因，由于我国传统农业社会和改革前的计划经济体制，基本上是伦理或政治一元化的社会，由此造成长期以来的道德一元化。而改革开放后，随着市场经济的发展，社会生活已经走向多元化，一元化的道德规范已经不适应社会经济、政治、文化各方面对多元化道德的需求，便在若干领域造成道德规范的缺失。其次，在处理个人与社会关系时，强调树立群体意识、整体意识。传统道德中公私概念非常模糊，一方面只有家族利益而没有个人的独立地位；另一方面又是“一说是公家的，差不多就是大家可以沾一点便宜的意思”[6]。在计划经济体制下，国有是公有，公有是共有，也没有公私之分，没有个人产权边界的概念。而市场经济的基本价值取向是求利，利润追求的最大化和利益占有的利己性是市场经济行为的根本特性，离开这一点就不会有市场经济行为，也不存在市场经济。在市场经济中商品生产者的行为目的，都是为了赚取最大利润，实现价值的最大化。这就要求充分尊重人的个性、能力、自我选择和自我实现的权利，克服传统的“义务型”伦理的强权倾向和片面性。再次，传统的伦理道德提倡重义轻利，国家要不以利为利，个人要以义为重，甚至产生“以贫为荣、以富为耻”的扭曲的道德价值观。这种价值观直接导致了在社会主义市场经济条件下人们不能也不可能把发展社会生产力、追求物质利益作为社会的基本问题和价值目标来加以解决、规范和追求。综上所述，个体的道德理性是有限的，特别是在社会转型时期，各种新旧伦理观念相互冲突，善恶是非界限非常模糊，这就需要社会以制度的形式，建立一系列明确的社会道德规范，告诉人们什么是应当做的和不应当做的，协助个体确立正确的伦理道德观。同时，个人的道德意志也是有限的，往往难以克制自私欲望的膨胀，在社会转型时期尤其如此。在这种情况下，制度所提供的约束，包括舆论的谴责和法律的制裁，都可以强化个体的道德意志。三、传统伦理道德现代化重构的路径。迈进新世纪，在我国社会广泛而激动人心的现代化转型中，不只是现实社会关系的重新整合，同样面对着对于传统伦理道德的重构、整合、创新。那么如何来重构呢？不能因为传统伦理道德存在的某些问题而采取全盘否定的态度，重新建立一套全新的伦理道德体系。应本着批判继承，综合创新的原则，并根据现时代的特征，建立符合我国特色的伦理道德体系，本文认为应从以下几方面入手：实现道德与法律的统一与互补。虽然传统伦理道德中有其消极的一面，如等级特权、尊卑有序的观念是为自然经济和专制制度服务的，与现代社会极不相容，但诚实守信、等价交换，公平竞争等道德在现代社会仍产生重要影响，因此对于传统道德应客观评价，有效利用，做到真正的扬弃。另外，道德习惯的形成，除传统的劝导、说服、教育外，还需要一定的强制性。在市场经济中某些人明知不可为而为之，如假冒伪劣、权钱交易、损坏公物等，仅靠道德约束是不够的，必须运用法律手段维护市场经济的健康发展。因此要改变重德轻法的传统，逐步确立法律的权威。同时，我们应看到道德规范有其立法的必要性，这既可以保证社会变革中道德规范的更新，又可保证已形成的道德规范的贯彻执行。此举是重建现代道德文明，树立道德新风，防止道德沦丧的重要途径，也是强化伦理道德观念与强化法律意识同步进行的有效方式。当代我国的法制现代化是我国人民在现有的历史条件下展开的法制变革运动，它体现了中华民族的精神和特色。强调社会价值与个人利益的统一。我国的传统社会是以自然经济为基础，以宗法关系为纽带的道德社会，在漫长的历史演进中，逐渐形成了一套庞大而又严密的道德文化体系，并由此衍生出一整套缜密的道德规范，将人们的言论和生活，自内心深处纳入传统经济需要之网络。在现代化的进程中，特别是随着我国市场经济的发展，人与人之间、个人与集体之间、个人与社会、国家之间利益关系在进行着不断的调整。市场经济是一种开放、竞争、民主、法治经济，虽然能够激发人们的竞争意识、开拓精神、创新思想和效率意识，但同时，市场自身的趋利性、排他性和商品交换等价值原则，容易引发拜金主义、享乐主义、个人主义和消极腐败现象。离开一定的经济道德基础，只能是金钱至上、物欲横流、信誉崩毁、甚至罪案丛生。因此，这就意味着市场经济条件下不能仅强调个人利益或集体利益，而要更多地强调个人利益与集体利益的统一，将尊重和保护个人的正当利益与国家经济政策有机地协调起来。从某种意义上说，集体与个人是互为目的的。一方面集体作为个人利益的代表应以个人为目的，在物质上根据社会公正原则尽力满足个人的正当利益，不断提高个人的经济收入和生活水平，在精神上尊重个人的人格尊严和个性发展，促进个人利益的实现。另一方面个人在一定程度上也应以集体为目的，为维护和增进集体利益而努力工作。只有集体利益得到了满足，集体壮大和发展了，个人的利益才能更容易得到体现和实现。通过两方面的共同努力、相互促进，使个人和集体都达到共赢，从而促进市场经济的健康发展。应建立一套完整的道德赏罚机制。通过注重人的心理需要、情感因素和对利益的要求，来引导人们的行为。道德赏罚机制就是赏善罚恶、扬善抑恶，它是社会运用利益机制对法律规范调整范围之外的个体行为进行的一种特殊的道德评价和调控方式。所谓“赏”，就是社会通过给予实施道德行为者更多的利益来肯定某种行为的合理性，从而昭示和倡导一定的价值取向和道德规范；所谓“罚”，就是社会通过剥夺实施不道德行为者的既得利益来否定某种行为的合理性，从而显示道德规范的权威性，以禁止不道德行为的再次发生。如对见义勇为，助人为乐等行为可通过树立典型、舆论引导等方法，对行为者在物质和精神两方面进行奖励，以保证行为者的利益；而对于不道德行为，如制假卖假、坑蒙拐骗等，我们应当通过各种媒体对其进行揭露和批判，并对其进行物质上的处罚，从而让人们分清是非善恶，对自身的行为产生积极的导向作用。改革本身是对原来基本秩序的重塑，是一个从有序到无序再到基本有序的过程。无序状态的存在，既是社会发展的一种必然，也是再次走向有序的一个基本环节。今天讨论该问题，着眼的是“失”中有得，是在失去陈陈相因的传统后重新建构我们的伦理体系。社会转型时期迫切要求建立与社会主义市场经济相适应的道德规范体系，使社会从动荡走向有序，从“个人伦理”走向“制度伦理”，这是当代我国道德嬗变的趋势。参考文献： [1]王红武。关于我国传统伦理道德文化的思考[J] 学术探索，2007（3）：6- [2]于铭松。论我国传统道德伦理[J] 广东省社会主义学院学报，2006（4）：92- [3]魏英敏。当代我国伦理与道德[M] 北京：昆仑出版社，2001:335- [4]王殿卿。东方道德研究（第三辑）[M] 北京：中华工商联合出版社，1999:196-197 [5]马克思恩格斯选集：第3卷[M] 北京：人民出版社，1995:132-134、 [6]费孝通。乡土中国[M] 北京：人民出版社，2008:60-

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中国传统文化论文1500字中英文对照翻译

关于长城的传说 In the north of China， there lies a 6，700-kilometer-long (4，161-mile-long) ancient Now well-known as the Great Wall of China， it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the As one of the Eight Wonders in the world， the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction， and since that time these stories have spread around the Those that happened during construction are abundant， such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan P Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great W The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC) It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall Meng Jiangnu's husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great W Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure， so she set out to look for Unfortunately， by the time she reached the great wall， she discovered that her husband had already Hearing the bad news， she cried her heart Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great W This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in He calculated that it would need 99，999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan P The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick， then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three After the completion of the project， one brick was left behind the Xiwong city The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the A tiny move would cause the collapse of the Therefore the brick was kept there and never It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan P In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall， there are also plenty of stories about current scenic A famous one is the legend of the Beacon T This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC) King You had a queen named Bao Si， who was very King You liked her very much， however Bao Si never An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King's subjects， and might make the queen King You liked the The subjects were fooled and Bao Si smiled at the sight of the Later enemies invaded Western Zhou， King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once Thus， King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall， many more stories were created and 历史 No one can tell precisely when the building of the Great Wall was started but it is popularly believed that it originated as a military fortification against intrusion by tribes on the borders during the earlier Zhou D Late in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC)， the ducal states extended the defence work and built "great" structures to prevent the attacks from other It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the separate walls， constructed by the states of Qin， Yan and Zhao kingdoms， were connected to form a defensive system on the northern border of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (also called Qin Shi Huangdi by westerners or the First Emperor) After the emperor unified the country in 214 BC， he ordered the construction of the It took about ten years to finish and the wall stretched from Linzhao (in the eastern part of today's Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong (in today's Jilin Province) in the The wall not only served as a defence in the north but also symbolized the power of the From the Qin Dynasty onwards， Xiongnu， an ancient tribe that lived in North China， frequently harassed the northern border of the During the Han Dynasty， Emperor Wu (Han Wu Di)， sent three expeditions to fight against the Xiongnu in 127 BC， 121 BC and 119 BC The Xiongnu were driven into the far north of the G To maintain the safety of the Hexi Corridor (today's Gansu Province)， the emperor ordered the extension of the Great Wall westward into the Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang The ruins of the beacon towers and debris of the Han Wall are still discernible in Dunhuang， Yumen and Y A recent report shows that ruins of the Han Wall have been discovered near Lopnur in China's Xinjiang Further construction and extensions were made in the successive Northern Wei， Northern Qi and Sui The present Great Wall in Beijing is mainly remains from the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) During this period， bricks and granite were used when the workers laid the foundation of the wall and sophisticated designs and passes were built in the places of strategic To strengthen the military control of the northern frontiers， the Ming authorities divided the Great Wall into nine zones and placed each under the control of a Zhen (garrison headquarters) The Ming Wall starts from Yalujiang River (in today's Heilongjiang Province)， via today's Liaoning， Hebei， Inner Mongolia， Shanxi， Shaanxi， Ningxia provinces， to G The total length reaches 12，700 li (over 5，000 kilometers) The Shanhaiguan Pass and the Jiayuguan Pass are two well-preserved passes at either Today， the Wall has become a must-see for every visitor to C Few can help saying 'Wow!' when they stand on top of a beacon tower and look at this giant For centuries， the wall served succeeding dynasties as an efficient military However， it was only when a dynasty had weakened from within that invaders from the north were able to advance and Both the Mongols (Yuan Dynasty， 1271-1368) and the Manchurians (Qing Dynasty， 1644-1911) were able take power because of weakness of the government and poverty of the people but never due to any possibility of weakness of the W或者The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and it have a history over 000 The Great Wall， that is called “the ten-thousand-li Great Wall”， is actually more than 6000 kilometers long， 6-7 meters high and 4-5 meters Every a few hundred meters along the Great Wall there are We Chinese are proud of in the Great wall because it is one of the wonders in the world and it stands for C Today the Great Wall becomes a famous place of interest in the Every year， hundreds of thousands of people， not only from China from also all over the world， come to visit

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关于传统文化的英语作文可以这样写，用英语作文描述中国的传统文化，比如春节，元宵节，端午节，八月十五的中秋节等等可以写一些风俗，这样会比较的有趣。